在互联网技术的冲击下,管理会计信息系统(Management Accounting Information System,以下简称MAIS)的信息管理将成为企业管理的重要任务。回顾了国外专家学者对MAIS信息管理的研究,了解互联网技术的发展及其在企业MAIS信息管理中的应用...在互联网技术的冲击下,管理会计信息系统(Management Accounting Information System,以下简称MAIS)的信息管理将成为企业管理的重要任务。回顾了国外专家学者对MAIS信息管理的研究,了解互联网技术的发展及其在企业MAIS信息管理中的应用,同时,企业MAIS信息管理将面对系统集成性、信息一致性、信息所有权等方面的严峻挑战,针对这些挑战,学者们预测了企业信息管理未来的发展趋势。展开更多
Annual haze in Northern Thailand has become increasingly severe,impacting health and the environment.How-ever,the sources of the haze remain poorly quantified due to limited observational data on aerosol molecular tra...Annual haze in Northern Thailand has become increasingly severe,impacting health and the environment.How-ever,the sources of the haze remain poorly quantified due to limited observational data on aerosol molecular tracers.This study comprehensively investigates chemical composition of PM_(2.5),including both inorganic and organic compounds throughout haze and post-haze periods in 2019 at a rural site of Northern Thailand.Average PM_(2.5) concentrations during haze and post-haze period were 87±36 and 21±11μg/m^(3),respectively.Organic matter was the dominant contributor in PM_(2.5) mass,followed by water soluble inorganic ions and mineral dust.Molecular markers,including levoglucosan,dehydroabietic acid,and 4-nitrocatechol,and ions(Cl^(-),and K^(+)),were used to characterize low haze(PM_(2.5)<100μg/m^(3))and episodic haze(PM_(2.5)>100μg/m^(3)).Low haze is associated with local aerosols from agricultural waste burning,while episodic haze is linked to aged aerosols from mixed agricultural waste,softwood,and hardwood burning.Source apportionment incorporating these molecular markers in receptor modelling(Positive matrix factorization),identified three distinct biomass burning sources:mixed,local,and aged biomass burnings,contributing 31,19 and 13%of PM_(2.5) during haze period.During post-haze period,contributions shifted,with local biomass burning(32%)comparable to secondary sulfate(34%)and mixed dust and traffic sources(26%).These findings demonstrate that both regional and local sources con-tribute to severe haze,highlighting the need for integrated policies for cross-border cooperation as well as stricter regulations to reduce biomass burning in Northern Thailand and Southeast Asia.展开更多
京津冀地区作为我国重要的早熟夏玉米生产区,对该区域早熟夏玉米品种开展多性状综合评价与筛选,对促进夏玉米品种资源的科学利用具有重要意义。本研究在品种-产量×性状组合(GYT,genotype by yield×trait)双标图模型基础上,将...京津冀地区作为我国重要的早熟夏玉米生产区,对该区域早熟夏玉米品种开展多性状综合评价与筛选,对促进夏玉米品种资源的科学利用具有重要意义。本研究在品种-产量×性状组合(GYT,genotype by yield×trait)双标图模型基础上,将“产量”拓展为“主要目标性状”,创新性提出品种-主性状×多性状(GMT,genotype by major trait×multi-trait)双标图方法。以2017-2024年完成京津冀地区京科联合体早熟夏玉米品种试验程序的72个参试品种为材料,分别基于主性状(产量、蛋白质含量、脂肪含量和赖氨酸含量)与产量、生育期、株高、百粒重、出籽率、籽粒含水量、容重、淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、赖氨酸含量、抗病指数共12个目标性状的组合水平,采用新提出的GMT双标图方法对参试品种进行综合评价与选择。结果表明:(1)以产量为主要目标性状的品种-产量×性状组合双标图筛选出京农科458、京科628、MC921、鑫玉农812、京科383、京科938、京科597和京农科809共8个产量理想指数表现优秀的品种;(2)以蛋白质含量为主要目标性状的品种-蛋白质×性状组合(GPT,genotype by protein×trait)双标图筛选出综合表现突出的品种京农科836和MC921;(3)以脂肪含量为主要目标性状的品种-脂肪×性状组合(GFT,genotype by fat×trait)双标图筛选出表现优异的品种京农科458、京科383和MC616;(4)以赖氨酸含量为主要目标性状的品种-赖氨酸×性状组合(GLT,genotype by lysine×trait)双标图筛选出表现较好的品种MC921、MC167、京农科836和京农科801;(5)蛋白质理想指数和赖氨酸理想指数呈极显著正相关,以蛋白质含量和赖氨酸含量为共同目标性状时,筛选出“蛋白质-赖氨酸特专型”优秀品种MC921、京农科836和京农科458;产量理想指数和脂肪理想指数也呈极显著正相关,以产量和脂肪含量为共同目标性状时,筛选出京农科458和京科383“产量-脂肪特专型”优秀品种;基于上述4个主性状的理想指数同步筛选,选出“全能型”核心品种农科458和MC921。本研究提出的GMT双标图方法为多目标性状协同评价提供了新工具,筛选出的特专型品种和全能型品种可为京津冀地区玉米品种高效利用和高品质育种提供参考。展开更多
The increase in soil temperature associated with climate change has introduced considerable challenges to crop production.Split nitrogen application(SN)represents a potential strategy for improving crop nitrogen use e...The increase in soil temperature associated with climate change has introduced considerable challenges to crop production.Split nitrogen application(SN)represents a potential strategy for improving crop nitrogen use efficiency and enhancing crop stress resistance.Nevertheless,the precise interaction between soil warming(SW)and SN remains unclear.In order to ascertain the impact of SW on maize growth and whether SN can improve the tolerance of maize to SW,a two-year field experiment was conducted(2022-2023).The aim was to examine the influence of two SW ranges(MT,warming 1.40℃;HT,warming 2.75℃)and two nitrogen application methods(N1,one-time basal application of nitrogen fertilizer;N2,one third of base nitrogen fertilizer+two thirds of jointing stage supplemental nitrogen fertilizer)on maize root growth,photosynthetic characteristics,nitrogen use efficiency,and yield.The results demonstrated that SW impeded root growth and precipitated the premature aging of maize leaves following anthesis,particularly in the HT,which led to a notable reduction in maize yield.In comparison to N1,SN has been shown to increase root length density by 8.54%,root bleeding rate by 8.57%,and enhance root distribution ratio in the middle soil layers(20-60 cm).The interaction between SW and SN had a notable impact on maize growth and yield.The SN improved the absorption and utilization efficiency of nitrogen by promoting root development and downward canopy growth,thus improving the tolerance of maize to SW at the later stage of growth.In particular,the N2HT resulted in a 14.51%increase in the photosynthetic rate,a 18.58%increase in nitrogen absorption efficiency,and a 18.32%increase in maize yield compared with N1HT.It can be posited that the SN represents a viable nitrogen management measure with the potential to enhance maize tolerance to soil high-temperature stress.展开更多
Fusarium ear rot(FER),caused by Fusarium verticillioides,is a destructive fungal disease of maize.FER resistance is a complex,quantitatively inherited trait controlled by multiple minor-effect genes.In this study,we e...Fusarium ear rot(FER),caused by Fusarium verticillioides,is a destructive fungal disease of maize.FER resistance is a complex,quantitatively inherited trait controlled by multiple minor-effect genes.In this study,we employed two recombinant inbred line(RIL)populations with the common resistant parental line CML304 to identify FER-resistance loci.Initial QTL analysis identified 23 FER-resistance QTL,each explaining 5.21%-30.51%of the total phenotypic variation.Notably,one major QTL,qRfv2,on chromosome 2 was repeatedly detected,accounting for 11.92%-30.51%of the total phenotypic variation.qRfv2 was fine mapped to an interval of 1.01 Mb,flanked by the markers IDP8 and IDP10.qRfv2 is a semidominant resistance gene that could reduce the disease severity index(DSI)by 12.4%-20%,suggesting its potential for enhancing FER resistance in maize.Transcriptome analysis showed that 22 of the 28 annotated functional genes in the qRfv2 region displayed differential expression between parental lines in response to FER.One of the candidate genes,ZmLOX6,was validated to presumably provide a positive effect on FER resistance.Our study provides a basis for the potential cloning and application of FER resistance genes in maize breeding.展开更多
Pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins are a large group of eukaryote-specific RNA-binding proteins that play pivotal roles in plant organelle gene expression.Here,we report the function of PPR21 in mitochondrial intro...Pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins are a large group of eukaryote-specific RNA-binding proteins that play pivotal roles in plant organelle gene expression.Here,we report the function of PPR21 in mitochondrial intron splicing and its role in maize kernel development.PPR21 is a typical P-type PPR protein targeted to mitochondria.The ppr21 mutants are arrested in embryogenesis and endosperm development,leading to embryo lethality.Null mutations of PPR21 reduce the splicing efficiency of nad2 intron 1,2,and 4 and impair the assembly and activity of mitochondrial complex I.Previous studies show that the P-type PPR protein EMP12 is required for the splicing of identical introns.However,our protein interaction analyses reveal that PPR21 does not interact with EMP12.Instead,both PPR21 and EMP12 interact with the small MutS-related(SMR)domain-containing PPR protein 1(PPR-SMR1)and the short P-type PPR protein 2(SPR2).PPR-SMR1 interacts with SPR2,and both proteins are required for the splicing of many introns in mitochondria,including nad2 intron 1,2,and 4.These results suggest that a PPR21-(PPR-SMR1/SPR2)-EMP12 complex is involved in the splicing of nad2 introns in maize mitochondria.展开更多
This study examines the role of maize in food security and economic stability,focusing on its response to climate change and strategies to enhance resilience.Using a qualitative descriptive research methodology,the st...This study examines the role of maize in food security and economic stability,focusing on its response to climate change and strategies to enhance resilience.Using a qualitative descriptive research methodology,the study analyzes the impact of climate change on global maize production and proposes innovative strategies for sustainability and food security.The agricultural environment is vulnerable to heavy metal toxicity,which is linked to the relationship between soil health and climate change.From 1850 to 2020,the Earth’s temperature increased by 1.1℃,with projections indicating continued warming.This trend has significant economic implications,particularly in developing countries where agriculture employs 69%of the population.Heat waves and droughts represent abiotic stresses faced by maize.Research suggests that high greenhouse gas emissions could lead to a 24%reduction in maize yield by 2030.The study highlights the need to focus on breeding and phenotyping technologies to develop heat-and drought-tolerant maize varieties that use water efficiently.Additionally,strategies such as genomic editing,transcriptome analysis,and maize quality mapping are crucial to addressing these challenges.Developing insect-resistant maize is another objective.This study emphasizes the necessity of ongoing research to improve agricultural productivity and ensure food security,especially in light of global population growth.It also advocates for new regulations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,which contribute to global warming.展开更多
Heat stress,a major challenge in modern agriculture due to global warming,significantly reduces crop productivity.To mitigate its adverse effects on maize yield,it is crucial to understand the mechanisms by which heat...Heat stress,a major challenge in modern agriculture due to global warming,significantly reduces crop productivity.To mitigate its adverse effects on maize yield,it is crucial to understand the mechanisms by which heat stress impacts reproductive development.This study investigated the impact of heat stress during the 12th leaf(V12)stage,where silk development begins on grain yield formation,using heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant cultivars.Compared to pollen,silks were found to be more vulnerable to heat stress.Heat stress disrupted hormone balance and inhibited hormone signaling transduction pathways in silks,delaying silk emergence from bracts and reducing fertilization and grain yield.The heat-tolerant cultivar maintained silk growth by activating more response pathways,displaying faster hormone responses,and up-regulating hormones.Taken together,we propose that hormones play an essential role in silk development and later fertilization process.展开更多
Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles present in eukaryotic cells,containing their own genome and transcriptional machinery.However,their functions are intricately linked to proteins encoded by the nuclear genom...Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles present in eukaryotic cells,containing their own genome and transcriptional machinery.However,their functions are intricately linked to proteins encoded by the nuclear genome.Mitochondrial transcription termination factors(mTERFs)are nucleic acid-binding proteins involved in RNA splicing and transcription termination within plant mitochondria and chloroplasts.Despite their recognized importance,the specific roles of mTERF proteins in maize remain largely unexplored.Here,we clone and functionally characterize the maize mTERF18 gene.Our findings reveal that mTERF18 mutations lead to severely undifferentiated embryos,resulting in abortive phenotypes.Early kernel exhibits abnormal basal endosperm transfer layer and a significant reduction in both starch and protein accumulation in mterf18.We identify the mTERF18 gene through mapping-based cloning and validate this gene through allelic tests.mTERF18 is widely expressed across various maize tissues and encodes a highly conserved mitochondrial protein.Transcriptome data reveal that mTERF18 mutations disrupt transcriptional termination of the nad6 gene,leading to undetectable levels of Nad6 protein and reduced complex I assembly and activity.Furthermore,transmission electron microscopy observation of mterf18 endosperm uncover severe mitochondrial defects.Collectively,these findings highlight the critical role of mTERF18 in mitochondrial gene transcription termination and its pivotal impact on maize kernel development.展开更多
文摘在互联网技术的冲击下,管理会计信息系统(Management Accounting Information System,以下简称MAIS)的信息管理将成为企业管理的重要任务。回顾了国外专家学者对MAIS信息管理的研究,了解互联网技术的发展及其在企业MAIS信息管理中的应用,同时,企业MAIS信息管理将面对系统集成性、信息一致性、信息所有权等方面的严峻挑战,针对这些挑战,学者们预测了企业信息管理未来的发展趋势。
文摘Annual haze in Northern Thailand has become increasingly severe,impacting health and the environment.How-ever,the sources of the haze remain poorly quantified due to limited observational data on aerosol molecular tracers.This study comprehensively investigates chemical composition of PM_(2.5),including both inorganic and organic compounds throughout haze and post-haze periods in 2019 at a rural site of Northern Thailand.Average PM_(2.5) concentrations during haze and post-haze period were 87±36 and 21±11μg/m^(3),respectively.Organic matter was the dominant contributor in PM_(2.5) mass,followed by water soluble inorganic ions and mineral dust.Molecular markers,including levoglucosan,dehydroabietic acid,and 4-nitrocatechol,and ions(Cl^(-),and K^(+)),were used to characterize low haze(PM_(2.5)<100μg/m^(3))and episodic haze(PM_(2.5)>100μg/m^(3)).Low haze is associated with local aerosols from agricultural waste burning,while episodic haze is linked to aged aerosols from mixed agricultural waste,softwood,and hardwood burning.Source apportionment incorporating these molecular markers in receptor modelling(Positive matrix factorization),identified three distinct biomass burning sources:mixed,local,and aged biomass burnings,contributing 31,19 and 13%of PM_(2.5) during haze period.During post-haze period,contributions shifted,with local biomass burning(32%)comparable to secondary sulfate(34%)and mixed dust and traffic sources(26%).These findings demonstrate that both regional and local sources con-tribute to severe haze,highlighting the need for integrated policies for cross-border cooperation as well as stricter regulations to reduce biomass burning in Northern Thailand and Southeast Asia.
文摘京津冀地区作为我国重要的早熟夏玉米生产区,对该区域早熟夏玉米品种开展多性状综合评价与筛选,对促进夏玉米品种资源的科学利用具有重要意义。本研究在品种-产量×性状组合(GYT,genotype by yield×trait)双标图模型基础上,将“产量”拓展为“主要目标性状”,创新性提出品种-主性状×多性状(GMT,genotype by major trait×multi-trait)双标图方法。以2017-2024年完成京津冀地区京科联合体早熟夏玉米品种试验程序的72个参试品种为材料,分别基于主性状(产量、蛋白质含量、脂肪含量和赖氨酸含量)与产量、生育期、株高、百粒重、出籽率、籽粒含水量、容重、淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、赖氨酸含量、抗病指数共12个目标性状的组合水平,采用新提出的GMT双标图方法对参试品种进行综合评价与选择。结果表明:(1)以产量为主要目标性状的品种-产量×性状组合双标图筛选出京农科458、京科628、MC921、鑫玉农812、京科383、京科938、京科597和京农科809共8个产量理想指数表现优秀的品种;(2)以蛋白质含量为主要目标性状的品种-蛋白质×性状组合(GPT,genotype by protein×trait)双标图筛选出综合表现突出的品种京农科836和MC921;(3)以脂肪含量为主要目标性状的品种-脂肪×性状组合(GFT,genotype by fat×trait)双标图筛选出表现优异的品种京农科458、京科383和MC616;(4)以赖氨酸含量为主要目标性状的品种-赖氨酸×性状组合(GLT,genotype by lysine×trait)双标图筛选出表现较好的品种MC921、MC167、京农科836和京农科801;(5)蛋白质理想指数和赖氨酸理想指数呈极显著正相关,以蛋白质含量和赖氨酸含量为共同目标性状时,筛选出“蛋白质-赖氨酸特专型”优秀品种MC921、京农科836和京农科458;产量理想指数和脂肪理想指数也呈极显著正相关,以产量和脂肪含量为共同目标性状时,筛选出京农科458和京科383“产量-脂肪特专型”优秀品种;基于上述4个主性状的理想指数同步筛选,选出“全能型”核心品种农科458和MC921。本研究提出的GMT双标图方法为多目标性状协同评价提供了新工具,筛选出的特专型品种和全能型品种可为京津冀地区玉米品种高效利用和高品质育种提供参考。
基金supported by the Natural Science Fund of China(31771724)the Key Research and Development Project of Shaanxi Province(2024NC-ZDCYL-01-10).
文摘The increase in soil temperature associated with climate change has introduced considerable challenges to crop production.Split nitrogen application(SN)represents a potential strategy for improving crop nitrogen use efficiency and enhancing crop stress resistance.Nevertheless,the precise interaction between soil warming(SW)and SN remains unclear.In order to ascertain the impact of SW on maize growth and whether SN can improve the tolerance of maize to SW,a two-year field experiment was conducted(2022-2023).The aim was to examine the influence of two SW ranges(MT,warming 1.40℃;HT,warming 2.75℃)and two nitrogen application methods(N1,one-time basal application of nitrogen fertilizer;N2,one third of base nitrogen fertilizer+two thirds of jointing stage supplemental nitrogen fertilizer)on maize root growth,photosynthetic characteristics,nitrogen use efficiency,and yield.The results demonstrated that SW impeded root growth and precipitated the premature aging of maize leaves following anthesis,particularly in the HT,which led to a notable reduction in maize yield.In comparison to N1,SN has been shown to increase root length density by 8.54%,root bleeding rate by 8.57%,and enhance root distribution ratio in the middle soil layers(20-60 cm).The interaction between SW and SN had a notable impact on maize growth and yield.The SN improved the absorption and utilization efficiency of nitrogen by promoting root development and downward canopy growth,thus improving the tolerance of maize to SW at the later stage of growth.In particular,the N2HT resulted in a 14.51%increase in the photosynthetic rate,a 18.58%increase in nitrogen absorption efficiency,and a 18.32%increase in maize yield compared with N1HT.It can be posited that the SN represents a viable nitrogen management measure with the potential to enhance maize tolerance to soil high-temperature stress.
基金financially funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2004205)the China Agricultural University-Syngenta Project.
文摘Fusarium ear rot(FER),caused by Fusarium verticillioides,is a destructive fungal disease of maize.FER resistance is a complex,quantitatively inherited trait controlled by multiple minor-effect genes.In this study,we employed two recombinant inbred line(RIL)populations with the common resistant parental line CML304 to identify FER-resistance loci.Initial QTL analysis identified 23 FER-resistance QTL,each explaining 5.21%-30.51%of the total phenotypic variation.Notably,one major QTL,qRfv2,on chromosome 2 was repeatedly detected,accounting for 11.92%-30.51%of the total phenotypic variation.qRfv2 was fine mapped to an interval of 1.01 Mb,flanked by the markers IDP8 and IDP10.qRfv2 is a semidominant resistance gene that could reduce the disease severity index(DSI)by 12.4%-20%,suggesting its potential for enhancing FER resistance in maize.Transcriptome analysis showed that 22 of the 28 annotated functional genes in the qRfv2 region displayed differential expression between parental lines in response to FER.One of the candidate genes,ZmLOX6,was validated to presumably provide a positive effect on FER resistance.Our study provides a basis for the potential cloning and application of FER resistance genes in maize breeding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072126 and 32230075)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2019MC005).
文摘Pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins are a large group of eukaryote-specific RNA-binding proteins that play pivotal roles in plant organelle gene expression.Here,we report the function of PPR21 in mitochondrial intron splicing and its role in maize kernel development.PPR21 is a typical P-type PPR protein targeted to mitochondria.The ppr21 mutants are arrested in embryogenesis and endosperm development,leading to embryo lethality.Null mutations of PPR21 reduce the splicing efficiency of nad2 intron 1,2,and 4 and impair the assembly and activity of mitochondrial complex I.Previous studies show that the P-type PPR protein EMP12 is required for the splicing of identical introns.However,our protein interaction analyses reveal that PPR21 does not interact with EMP12.Instead,both PPR21 and EMP12 interact with the small MutS-related(SMR)domain-containing PPR protein 1(PPR-SMR1)and the short P-type PPR protein 2(SPR2).PPR-SMR1 interacts with SPR2,and both proteins are required for the splicing of many introns in mitochondria,including nad2 intron 1,2,and 4.These results suggest that a PPR21-(PPR-SMR1/SPR2)-EMP12 complex is involved in the splicing of nad2 introns in maize mitochondria.
文摘This study examines the role of maize in food security and economic stability,focusing on its response to climate change and strategies to enhance resilience.Using a qualitative descriptive research methodology,the study analyzes the impact of climate change on global maize production and proposes innovative strategies for sustainability and food security.The agricultural environment is vulnerable to heavy metal toxicity,which is linked to the relationship between soil health and climate change.From 1850 to 2020,the Earth’s temperature increased by 1.1℃,with projections indicating continued warming.This trend has significant economic implications,particularly in developing countries where agriculture employs 69%of the population.Heat waves and droughts represent abiotic stresses faced by maize.Research suggests that high greenhouse gas emissions could lead to a 24%reduction in maize yield by 2030.The study highlights the need to focus on breeding and phenotyping technologies to develop heat-and drought-tolerant maize varieties that use water efficiently.Additionally,strategies such as genomic editing,transcriptome analysis,and maize quality mapping are crucial to addressing these challenges.Developing insect-resistant maize is another objective.This study emphasizes the necessity of ongoing research to improve agricultural productivity and ensure food security,especially in light of global population growth.It also advocates for new regulations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,which contribute to global warming.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071959)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2303304)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(LJNY202103)the Shandong Province Key Agricultural Project for Application Technology Innovation(SDAIT02-08)to Peng Liu.
文摘Heat stress,a major challenge in modern agriculture due to global warming,significantly reduces crop productivity.To mitigate its adverse effects on maize yield,it is crucial to understand the mechanisms by which heat stress impacts reproductive development.This study investigated the impact of heat stress during the 12th leaf(V12)stage,where silk development begins on grain yield formation,using heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant cultivars.Compared to pollen,silks were found to be more vulnerable to heat stress.Heat stress disrupted hormone balance and inhibited hormone signaling transduction pathways in silks,delaying silk emergence from bracts and reducing fertilization and grain yield.The heat-tolerant cultivar maintained silk growth by activating more response pathways,displaying faster hormone responses,and up-regulating hormones.Taken together,we propose that hormones play an essential role in silk development and later fertilization process.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1000304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32222060)Anhui Agricultural University(RC422404)to J.Y.
文摘Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles present in eukaryotic cells,containing their own genome and transcriptional machinery.However,their functions are intricately linked to proteins encoded by the nuclear genome.Mitochondrial transcription termination factors(mTERFs)are nucleic acid-binding proteins involved in RNA splicing and transcription termination within plant mitochondria and chloroplasts.Despite their recognized importance,the specific roles of mTERF proteins in maize remain largely unexplored.Here,we clone and functionally characterize the maize mTERF18 gene.Our findings reveal that mTERF18 mutations lead to severely undifferentiated embryos,resulting in abortive phenotypes.Early kernel exhibits abnormal basal endosperm transfer layer and a significant reduction in both starch and protein accumulation in mterf18.We identify the mTERF18 gene through mapping-based cloning and validate this gene through allelic tests.mTERF18 is widely expressed across various maize tissues and encodes a highly conserved mitochondrial protein.Transcriptome data reveal that mTERF18 mutations disrupt transcriptional termination of the nad6 gene,leading to undetectable levels of Nad6 protein and reduced complex I assembly and activity.Furthermore,transmission electron microscopy observation of mterf18 endosperm uncover severe mitochondrial defects.Collectively,these findings highlight the critical role of mTERF18 in mitochondrial gene transcription termination and its pivotal impact on maize kernel development.
