Wound management continues to present major clinical challenges,often necessitating therapeutic strategies that extend beyond conventional dressings,which provide only passive protection.Magnesium(Mg),a biologically i...Wound management continues to present major clinical challenges,often necessitating therapeutic strategies that extend beyond conventional dressings,which provide only passive protection.Magnesium(Mg),a biologically indispensable element,has attracted considerable attention for its multifaceted role in wound repair,including modulation of inflammatory responses,stimulation of fibroblast and keratinocyte proliferation,promotion of angiogenesis,and enhancement of collagen synthesis.However,the direct application of Mg formulations is limited by uncontrolled Mg ion(Mg^(2+))release,localized cytotoxicity at elevated concentrations,and inadequate mechanical stability at the wound site.To address these challenges,Mg-incorporated polymeric scaffolds have been developed as advanced delivery platforms.These systems integrate the regenerative capacity of Mg with the tunable properties of polymers,enabling controlled degradation,mechanical reinforcement,and sustained Mg^(2+)release to establish a favorable microenvironment for tissue repair.This review critically examines the role of Mg in wound healing and the effectiveness of polymeric matrices for controlled Mg^(2+)delivery.It further provides a comprehensive evaluation of recent advances in Mg-incorporated polymeric scaffolds,including nanofibers,hydrogels,and sponges,with emphasis on fabrication strategies,structural characteristics,and therapeutic efficacy.Key challenges,such as optimizing ion release kinetics,enhancing scaffold stability,and facilitating clinical translation,are also discussed.Collectively,this work underscores the potential of Mg-polymeric scaffolds as a next-generation platform for advanced wound care and highlights perspectives for future research and development.展开更多
This comprehensive study investigates the formation and evolution of intermetallic compounds during the solidification process of magnesium alloys using advanced micro X-ray computed tomography.By analyzing both commo...This comprehensive study investigates the formation and evolution of intermetallic compounds during the solidification process of magnesium alloys using advanced micro X-ray computed tomography.By analyzing both common industrial Mg-Al-Zn alloys and a novel rare earth-containing Mg-Ni-Gd-Y alloy,we aim to characterize the nucleation,growth,and distribution of Al-Mn and eutectic intermetallics across various stages of solidification.The non destructive imaging technique employed in this research provides high-resolution,three-dimensional insights into the microstructural development,allowing for a detailed examination of the morphology,spatial arrangement,and interconnectivity of intermetallic phases.This approach overcomes limitations of traditional two-dimensional metallographic methods,offering a more comprehensive understanding of the complex three-dimensional structures formed during solidification.展开更多
Preferential magnesium(Mg)electrodeposition on separators is a ubiquitous yet poorly understood phenomenon in rechargeable Mg-metal batteries,posing a fundamental challenge to their development.In this work,the synerg...Preferential magnesium(Mg)electrodeposition on separators is a ubiquitous yet poorly understood phenomenon in rechargeable Mg-metal batteries,posing a fundamental challenge to their development.In this work,the synergy effects of interface-accelerating desolvation and spatial confinement have been demonstrated as the essential causation of this counterintuitive experimental phenomenon.At the molecular level,the imide ring(-CO-NR-CO-,in which R represents the phenyl)groups in an artificially introduced polyimide(PI)interlayer facilitate the strong electrostatic affinity towards Mg^(2+),which accelerates the desolvation process for Mg^(2+)solvation structures at the inner Helmholtz plane.At the nucleation scale,the wedge-like concave geometry formed at the PI/current collector interface provides energetically favorable sites for Mg nucleation.This unique architecture reduces the critical nucleus size,thereby significantly lowering nucleation energy barriers.As a result,the satisfactory Coulombic efficiency for Mg plating/stripping(98.22%)and cycle lifespan(1200 cycles,above 100 days)have been achieved,outperforming most of the previous results.This work pioneers a molecular-level understanding of separator-directed Mg deposition and resolves a long-standing confusion in Mg-metal batteries.展开更多
Magnesium hydride(MgH_(2)) demonstrates immense potential as a solid-state hydrogen storage material,while its commercial utilization is impeded by the elevated operating temperature and sluggish reaction kinetics.Her...Magnesium hydride(MgH_(2)) demonstrates immense potential as a solid-state hydrogen storage material,while its commercial utilization is impeded by the elevated operating temperature and sluggish reaction kinetics.Herein,a MOF derived multi-phase FeNi_(3)-S catalyst was specially designed for efficient hydrogen storage in MgH_(2).Experiments confirmed that the incorporation of FeNi_(3)-S into MgH_(2) significantly lowered the desorption temperature and accelerated the kinetics of hydrogen desorption and reabsorption.The initial dehydrogenation temperature of the MgH_(2)+10 wt% FeNi_(3)-S composite was 202 ℃,which was 123 ℃ lower than that of pure MgH_(2).At 325 ℃,the MgH_(2)+10 wt% FeNi_(3)-S composite released 6.57 wt% H_(2)(fully dehydrogenated) within 1000 s.Remarkably,MgH_(2)+ 10 wt% FeNi_(3)-S composite initiated rehydrogenation at room temperature and rapidly absorbed 2.49 wt% H_(2) within 30 min at 100 ℃.Moreover,6.3 wt% H_(2) was still retained after 20 cycles at 300 ℃,demonstrating the superior cycling performance of the MgH_(2)+10 wt% FeNi_(3)-S composite.The activation energy fitting calculations further evidenced the addition of FeNi_(3)-S enhanced the de/resorption kinetics of MgH_(2)(E_(a)= 98.6 k J/mol and 43.3 k J/mol,respectively).Through phase and microstructural analysis,it was determined that the exceptional hydrogen storage performance of the composite was attributed to the in-situ formation of Mg/Mg_(2)Ni + Fe/MgS and MgH_(2)/Mg_(2)NiH_(4)+Fe/MgS hydrogen storage systems.Further mechanistic analysis revealed that Mg_(2)Ni/Mg_(2)NiH_(4) served as “hydrogen pump” and Fe/Mg S served as “hydrogen diffusion channel”,thus accelerating the dissociation and recombination of hydrogen molecules.In conclusion,this work offers insight into catalysts combining transition metal alloys and transition metal sulfide for exerting muti-phase synergistic effect on boosting the dehydrogenation/hydrogenation reactions of MgH_(2),which can also inspire future pioneering work on designing and fabricating high efficient catalysts in other energy storage related areas.展开更多
Rapid corrosion of magnesium alloys in the physiological environment limits their use as orthopedic implant materials.Therefore,the silane film modified with nano-hydroxyapatite(n HA)was prepared on the surface of AZ3...Rapid corrosion of magnesium alloys in the physiological environment limits their use as orthopedic implant materials.Therefore,the silane film modified with nano-hydroxyapatite(n HA)was prepared on the surface of AZ31 magnesium alloy to improve its corrosion resistance.The silane films are continuous,uniform,and adherent well to the Mg substrate,and the modification of the film by n HA increased the thickness from~1.92 to~3.25μm.Compared to the bare substrate,the corrosion current density of the sample with the silane film modified with n HA decreases by three orders of magnitude from 9.23×10^(-5)to 2.779×10^(-8)A/cm~2.According to the immersion tests,it is found that the synergistic effect of sub-film corrosion and blistering is the dominant mode of film failure.During the immersion of less than 72 h,the modification by n HA improves the corrosion resistance by delaying the sub-film corrosion and blistering of the film.展开更多
To investigate the effects of extrusion temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of WE43 magnesium alloy,extrusion experiments were conducted under 330,380,430,and 450℃,and the extrusion ratio was ...To investigate the effects of extrusion temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of WE43 magnesium alloy,extrusion experiments were conducted under 330,380,430,and 450℃,and the extrusion ratio was 16.The experimental results indicate that,at a low temperature of 330℃,the alloy precipitates a large amount of second phases rich in Zr elements.Moreover,the texture strength and kernel average misorientation value are the highest,with values of 27.77 and 0.71,respectively.The increase in extrusion temperature leads to a gradual decrease in texture strength and kernel average misorientation value.The strength of the alloy is the highest at an extrusion temperature of 330℃.Its tensile yield stress is 254.7 MPa and ultimate tensile strength is 302.7 MPa,respectively.As the extrusion temperature increases,the strength of the alloy gradually decreases.At an extrusion temperature of 450℃,the tensile yield stress is 181.3 MPa and ultimate tensile strength is 265.7 MPa,respectively.The elongation first increases and then decreases,with an elongation of 20.9%at an extrusion temperature of 330℃.At an extrusion temperature of 430℃,the elongation reaches its maximum value,which is 23.6%.At an extrusion temperature of 450℃,the elongation reaches its lowest value,which is 16.4%.展开更多
Magnesium(Mg)and its alloys,known for their low density and high specific strength,are increasingly explored as lightweight structural materials across a broad range of industrial applications.However,their widespread...Magnesium(Mg)and its alloys,known for their low density and high specific strength,are increasingly explored as lightweight structural materials across a broad range of industrial applications.However,their widespread application remains constrained by intrinsic mechanical limitations,fundamentally rooted in the nature of crystallographic defects.Atomic-scale modeling techniques are transforming our ability to unravel the structures,energetics,and dynamics of these defects and to explore their complex interactions,thereby guiding defect engineering in Mg alloys.However,the growing body of available data can make it difficult for researchers to identify critical knowledge gaps and promising areas for further exploration.To address this challenge,we highlight key research domains with significant potential for impactful advancements,aiming to illuminate these areas while inspiring innovative approaches and encouraging deeper exploration of pivotal topics that may shape the future of Mg alloy development.This review presents a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in atomic-scale modeling of defects in Mg and its alloys.We introduce key simulation methodologies,including density functional theory and atomistic simulations,and highlight their applications to defect distribution,defect dynamics,and defect-defect interactions.By bridging fundamental insights in defects with alloy design strategies,this review aims to support and inspire the broader Mg research community and to underscore the growing impact of atomic-scale modeling in the accelerated development of high-performance Mg alloys.展开更多
Magnesium batteries are attracting growing interest as next-generation energy storage technology due to their high safety,cost-effectiveness,and resource abundance.However,their development remains limited by sluggish...Magnesium batteries are attracting growing interest as next-generation energy storage technology due to their high safety,cost-effectiveness,and resource abundance.However,their development remains limited by sluggish Mg^(2+)transport kinetics at the electrode/electrolyte interface.Herein,we propose an electrolyte design strategy that modulates the Mg^(2+)solvation structure by introducing tetrahydrofuran(THF)as a co-solvent into a borate-based electrolyte,Mg[B(hfip)_(4)](MBF)in dimethoxyethane(DME).THF,selected from a series of linear and cyclic ethers,has a comparable dielectric constant and donor number to DME,but its cyclic structure introduces steric hindrance that induces competitive coordination with Mg^(2+).This competition weakens Mg^(2+)-solvent interactions,yielding a more labile solvation structure and enhanced desolvation kinetics.As a result,Mg||Mg cells employing the optimized MBF/1D1T electrolyte(DME:THF=1:1,v:v)exhibit a significantly reduced Mg plating/stripping overpotential of 120 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2),compared with 316 mV at 8 mA cm^(-2)with MBF/DME,along with exceptional cycling stability exceeding 1200 h.Furthermore,representative sulfide cathodes such as CuS and VS_(4)demonstrate faster activation and improved high-rate performance in the presence of MBF/1D1T.展开更多
The influence mechanism of MgO particle fineness on the properties of MOC was comprehensively explored through means of grinding,sieving,hydration and apparent density testing,in conjunction with characterization meth...The influence mechanism of MgO particle fineness on the properties of MOC was comprehensively explored through means of grinding,sieving,hydration and apparent density testing,in conjunction with characterization methods such as setting time,stability,compressive strength,and microscopic morphology.The findings reveal that MOC demonstrates excellent stability and mechanical properties when the particle fineness of MgO is less than 75μm.When the MgO particle fineness exceeds 75μm,MOC exhibits superior fluidity and maneuverability.When 0.75μm MgO is employed as the raw material to prepare MOC,a water-cement ratio of 0.6 proves more favorable.These results can furnish a theoretical foundation for the preparation and application of MOC.展开更多
The microstructure and mechanical properties of ZK60 extruded alloy by rapid solidification(RS)and as-cast ingot processes were investigated using optical microscope,scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction,elec...The microstructure and mechanical properties of ZK60 extruded alloy by rapid solidification(RS)and as-cast ingot processes were investigated using optical microscope,scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction,electron back-scatter diffraction,and mechanical tests.The results show that the RS ZK60 extruded alloy exhibits relatively high tensile yield strength(TYS),compressive yield strength(CYS)and elongation of 300.8 MPa,303.6 MPa and 18.6%,respectively.The RS ZK60 extruded alloy with an ultra-fine grain size of 1.28μm not only has a weak texture with a maximum polar density of 3.3 but also addresses the tension-compression asymmetry with a CYS/TYS ratio of approximately 1.0.The calculation of the strengthening mechanism indicates that the improvement in the mechanical properties of the RS ZK60 extruded alloy is primarily attributed to grain refinement.展开更多
Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)possess the merits of greater theoretical capacity,cheaper magnesium metal and not easily producing branched crystals,and greater safety.Therefore,the current researches mainly co...Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)possess the merits of greater theoretical capacity,cheaper magnesium metal and not easily producing branched crystals,and greater safety.Therefore,the current researches mainly concentrate on the exploration of high-performance RMBs in the initial stage,but still face many gigantic challenges.Herein,petal-shaped nanorods CoS/CuS materials are successfully synthesized as RMBs cathode materials through a two-step metal sulfide template-free solvent-thermal synthesis method,which can effectively improve the reaction kinetics due to the petal-like nano-structure and provide rich electrochemically active sites to decrease the transport barrier of Mg^(2+),thus contributing to the enhancement of the reaction kinetics of magnesium storage in RMBs.The electrochemical performance test illustrates that CoS/CuS composite nanomaterials can considerably improve the charging and discharging specific capacity of the batteries as well as the voltage of the batteries due to the existing synergistic effect between them.The specific capacity of CoS/CuS cathode still can still be maintained as high as 62.8 mAh g^(−1)after 300 cycles at 200 mA g^(−1).And the specific capacity of this electrode material changes from 180.6 mAh g^(−1)to 30 mAh g^(−1)at the current densities from 100 mA g^(−1)to 1000 mA g^(−1),and when the current density is restored to 100 mA g^(−1),the specific capacity gradually recovered to 178.6 mAh g^(−1),which showed better rate performance and ultra-high cycling stability.This work highlights how the introduction of CuS into CoS nanostructures can benefit the reversibility and cyclicity of the magnesium storage reaction and offers an original and practical route for the modification of RMBs electrode materials with good electrochemical properties.展开更多
To investigate the evolution of grain orientation and slip modes in magnesium alloys with multiple texture components,an AZ31 gradient-structured magnesium alloy sheet was fabricated using hard plate rolling(HPR).The ...To investigate the evolution of grain orientation and slip modes in magnesium alloys with multiple texture components,an AZ31 gradient-structured magnesium alloy sheet was fabricated using hard plate rolling(HPR).The changes in texture and slip modes under different reductions were examined.The results demonstrate that the AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets display a self-epitaxial gradient structure,with the best mechanical properties observed at rolling temperature of 673 K and reduction of 50%.Significant changes in texture type and strength are observed along the normal direction(ND)of the sheet.The coarse-grain region exhibits a bimodal texture aligned with the rolling direction.These texture variations enhance the stress distribution at the fine grain-coarse grain interface,influencing the grain orientation and the activation of different slip modes,thus improving the mechanical properties of gradient-structured magnesium alloy sheets.This approach offers a new strategy for the fabrication of high-performance magnesium alloy sheets.展开更多
To investigate the complex relationship between rolling process parameters and mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy rolled sheets,the Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation(LOOCV)and parameter tuning were applied to ...To investigate the complex relationship between rolling process parameters and mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy rolled sheets,the Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation(LOOCV)and parameter tuning were applied to optimizing hyper-parameters for the four(BPNN,SVR,RF,and KNN)machine learning models.An interpretable prediction model based on machine learning and SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP),as well as an analytical method combining the SHAP model and the Pearson Correlation Coefficient(PCC),were proposed.The results showed that among the four models,the SVR model was able to simultaneously and accurately predict the ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and elongation(EL).According to the combination analysis of PCC and the magnesium alloy rolling forming mechanism,it was found that strain rate and reduction displayed a negative and positive correlation with UTS,respectively,while rolling temperature and reduction illustrated a positive and negative correlation with EL,respectively.Through the SHAP method,which could interpret the output results of the SVR machine learning model,it was deduced that reduction and strain rate played an important role in the SVR model of the outputs of the UTS and EL,respectively.Combining SHAP with PCC,it was found that strain rate and reduction had a greater influence on the UTS than rolling temperature,whereas strain rate and rolling temperature had more influence on the EL compared to reduction.展开更多
Micro-sized anatase TiO_(2) displays inferior capacity as cathode material for magnesium ion batteries because of the higher diffusion energy barrier of Mg^(2+)in anatase TiO_(2) lattice.Herein,we report that nanosize...Micro-sized anatase TiO_(2) displays inferior capacity as cathode material for magnesium ion batteries because of the higher diffusion energy barrier of Mg^(2+)in anatase TiO_(2) lattice.Herein,we report that nanosized anatase TiO_(2) exposed(001)facet doubles the capacity compared to the micro-sized sample ascribed to the interfacial Mg^(2+)ion storage.First-principles calculations reveal that the diffusion energy barrier of Mg^(2+)on the(001)facet is significantly lower than those in the bulk phase and on(100)facet,and the adsorption energy of Mg^(2+)on the(001)facet is also considerably lower than that on(100)facet,which guarantees superior interfacial Mg^(2+)storage of(001)facet.Moreover,anatase TiO_(2) exposed(001)facet displays a significantly higher capacity of 312.9 mAh g^(−1) in Mg-Li dual-salt electrolyte compared to 234.3 mAh g^(−1) in Li salt electrolyte.The adsorption energies of Mg^(2+)on(001)facet are much lower than the adsorption energies of Li+on(001)facet,implying that the Mg^(2+)ion interfacial storage is more favorable.These results highlight that controlling the crystal facet of the nanocrystals effectively enhances the interfacial storage of multivalent ions.This work offers valuable guidance for the rational design of high-capacity storage systems.展开更多
The electrochemical separation of Mn(Ⅱ)impurity from molten NaCl-KCl-MgCl_(2)was systematically investigated to facilitate the electrolytic production of high-purity magnesium.The reduction of Mn(Ⅱ)to Mn metal on tu...The electrochemical separation of Mn(Ⅱ)impurity from molten NaCl-KCl-MgCl_(2)was systematically investigated to facilitate the electrolytic production of high-purity magnesium.The reduction of Mn(Ⅱ)to Mn metal on tungsten electrode was a quasi-reversible process controlled by diffusion.The apparent standard potential and exchange current density of Mn(Ⅱ)/Mn(0)electrode reaction were determined at temperatures ranging from 973 to 1048 K.Solid Mn metal generated during electrolysis aggregated into irregular clumps and adsorbed some needle-like MgO,imposing a detrimental effect on both the aggregation and the purity of magnesium metal.After electrolysis at-1.5 V in molten NaCl-KCl-MgCl_(2)-0.62wt.%MnCl_(2)for 8 h,the concentration of MnCl_(2)impurity decreased to 0.037 wt.%,achieving a removal efficiency of 94.14%.When direct electrolysis was performed in molten NaCl-KCl-MgCl_(2)-0.62wt.%MnCl_(2),the obtained magnesium metal was small blocks with a caviar-like appearance,and the purity was just 98.59%.In contrast,a large globule of magnesium metal was obtained when electrolysis was performed in the purified electrolyte,and its purity was improved to 99.94%.The controlled-potential electrolysis proposed in this work has been verified to be a green and practically effective method to separate the metal ion impurities from molten electrolyte for high purity magnesium extraction.展开更多
Magnesium-based anode materials have attracted significant attention in the energy storage domain because of their high theoretical capacities and low electrochemical potentials.However,in conventional electrolyte sys...Magnesium-based anode materials have attracted significant attention in the energy storage domain because of their high theoretical capacities and low electrochemical potentials.However,in conventional electrolyte systems,magnesium metal electrodes dynamically generate an ion-blocking surface layer,resulting in prominent voltage polarization,which severely limits their practical applications.In this study,ZIF-8/carbon nanotubes(CNTs)coatings were used to modify the anodes of magnesium batteries.Compared with the unaltered magnesium battery,the voltage lag time of the ZIF-8/CNTs coating was shortened from 4 s before modification to 0.26 s,and the battery impedance was lowered by two orders of magnitude.The duration of the discharge platform was increased from 4 h before modification to 6-10 h,the anode utilization rate was more than doubled,and the specific energy density was significantly enhanced compared with the battery before modification.The mechanism indicates that the ZIF-8/CNTs coating can limit the infiltration of corrosive substances,extend their transmission path,and offer more effective protection to the magnesium anode.The incorporation of CNTs improves the conductivity of the battery,and it significantly improves the electrochemical performance of the magnesium battery.展开更多
This study proposes a multi-scale simplified residual convolutional neural network(MS-SRCNN)for the precise prediction of Mg-Nd binary alloy compositions from scanning electron microscope(SEM)images.A multi-scale data...This study proposes a multi-scale simplified residual convolutional neural network(MS-SRCNN)for the precise prediction of Mg-Nd binary alloy compositions from scanning electron microscope(SEM)images.A multi-scale data structure is established by spatially aligning and stacking SEM images at different magnifications.The MS-SRCNN significantly reduces computational runtime by over 90%compared to traditional architectures like ResNet50,VGG16,and VGG19,without compromising prediction accuracy.The model demonstrates more excellent predictive performance,achieving a>5%increase in R^(2) compared to single-scale models.Furthermore,the MS-SRCNN exhibits robust composition prediction capability across other Mg-based binary alloys,including Mg-La,Mg-Sn,Mg-Ce,Mg-Sm,Mg-Ag,and Mg-Y,thereby emphasizing its generalization and extrapolation potential.This research establishes a non-destructive,microstructure-informed composition analysis framework,reduces characterization time compared to traditional experiment methods and provides insights into the composition-microstructure relationship in diverse material systems.展开更多
Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)have attracted much attention due to the high theoretical capacity(3833 mAh cm−3)of magnesium metal negative electrode and abundant resources.However,the preparation of ultra-thin...Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)have attracted much attention due to the high theoretical capacity(3833 mAh cm−3)of magnesium metal negative electrode and abundant resources.However,the preparation of ultra-thin magnesium foils faces the problems of rolling difficulty and high processing cost,while the use of thick magnesium foils leads to low utilization of magnesium and reduces the energy density.To tackle the above problems,we successfully prepared ultra-thin magnesium foils based on electrolytic process and investigated the effect of different substrates.The magnesium foils prepared using Mo substrate have more uniform surface morphology and lower surface roughness,which is attributed to the lower magnesium nucleation overpotential of Mo substrate.Meanwhile,density functional theory calculations show that the adsorption energy of Mo on Mg is more negative,which is conducive to achieving uniform nucleation and deposition of Mg.The Mg deposition on Mo substrate undergoes the characteristic stages of transient nucleation,nucleus accretion,multidirectional heterotopic growth,and columnar crystal stacking,and ultimately the formation of a dense deposited layer.In addition,the prepared ultra-thin Mg foil with Mo substrate can stably cycle for 1000 h at 3 mA cm^(-2) with high utilization of 50% in the symmetric cell.This study develops a facile method for the preparation of ultra-thin Mg foils,which opens up a new path for developing high-performance ultra-thin negative electrodes for RMBs.展开更多
Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)are considered promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems due to their high theoretical capacity.However,the non-uniform deposition/stripping behavior of Mg m...Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)are considered promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems due to their high theoretical capacity.However,the non-uniform deposition/stripping behavior of Mg metal hinders the practical application of RMBs.This study demonstrates that the designed interfacial electric field effect,driven by a copper phthalocyanine(CuPc)conductive interlayer,enhances the kinetics and stability of the Mg anode.In situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy coupled with distribution of relaxation times analysis reveals that the highly delocalized electron cloud network of CuPc establishes a low-energy-barrier electron transport pathway,significantly reducing charge transfer resistance.Electrochemical characterization and density functional theory calculations indicate that the interfacial electric field effect effectively improves interfacial Mg^(2+)diffusion by enhancing electron delocalization and reducing the Mg^(2+)migration energy barrier.Furthermore,finite element simulations substantiate that the interfacial electric field imparts uniform interfacial charge distribution and homogeneous Mg deposition during plating/stripping processes.Consequently,the symmetric cell with CuPc@Mg achieves an ultra-long lifetime(1,400h at 5mAcm^(−2))and a high Coulombic efficiency(99.3%).Furthermore,the CuPc@Mg||Mo6S8 cell achieves high capacity retention(92%).This work highlights the potential of metal phthalocyanines in stabilizing Mg anodes.展开更多
In the extraction of potassium from salt lakes,Mg is abundant in the form of bischofite(MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O),which is not utilized effectively,resulting in the waste of resources and environmental pressure.Anhydrous...In the extraction of potassium from salt lakes,Mg is abundant in the form of bischofite(MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O),which is not utilized effectively,resulting in the waste of resources and environmental pressure.Anhydrous MgCl_(2) prepared by the dehydration of bischofite is a high-quality raw material for the production of Mg.However,direct calcination of MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O in industrial dehydration processes leads to a large amount of hydrolysis.The by-products are harmful to the electrolysis process of Mg,causing problems such as sludge formation,low current efficiency,and corrosion in the electrodes.To obtain high-purity anhydrous MgCl_(2),different advanced dehydration processes have been proposed.In this review,we focus on the recent progress of the dehydration process.Firstly,we discuss the molecular structure of MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O and explain the reason why much hydrolysis occurs in dehydration.Secondly,we introduce the specific dehydration processes,mainly divided into direct dehydration processes and indirect dehydration processes.The direct dehydration processes are classified into gas protection heating and molecular sieve dehydration process.Indirect dehydration processes are classified into thermal dehydration of ammonium carnallite(NH_(4)Cl·MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O),thermal dehydration of potassium carnallite(KCl·MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O),thermal decomposition of the[HAE]Cl·MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O,organic solvent distillation,ionic liquid dehydration process and ammonia complexation process.In the meanwhile,purity of anhydrous MgCl_(2) of each dehydration process,as well as the advantages and disadvantages,is discussed.The characteristics of different processes with a simple economic budget are also given in this paper.Finally,the main challenges are evaluated with suggested directions in the future,aiming to guide the synthesis of high-purity anhydrous MgCl_(2).展开更多
文摘Wound management continues to present major clinical challenges,often necessitating therapeutic strategies that extend beyond conventional dressings,which provide only passive protection.Magnesium(Mg),a biologically indispensable element,has attracted considerable attention for its multifaceted role in wound repair,including modulation of inflammatory responses,stimulation of fibroblast and keratinocyte proliferation,promotion of angiogenesis,and enhancement of collagen synthesis.However,the direct application of Mg formulations is limited by uncontrolled Mg ion(Mg^(2+))release,localized cytotoxicity at elevated concentrations,and inadequate mechanical stability at the wound site.To address these challenges,Mg-incorporated polymeric scaffolds have been developed as advanced delivery platforms.These systems integrate the regenerative capacity of Mg with the tunable properties of polymers,enabling controlled degradation,mechanical reinforcement,and sustained Mg^(2+)release to establish a favorable microenvironment for tissue repair.This review critically examines the role of Mg in wound healing and the effectiveness of polymeric matrices for controlled Mg^(2+)delivery.It further provides a comprehensive evaluation of recent advances in Mg-incorporated polymeric scaffolds,including nanofibers,hydrogels,and sponges,with emphasis on fabrication strategies,structural characteristics,and therapeutic efficacy.Key challenges,such as optimizing ion release kinetics,enhancing scaffold stability,and facilitating clinical translation,are also discussed.Collectively,this work underscores the potential of Mg-polymeric scaffolds as a next-generation platform for advanced wound care and highlights perspectives for future research and development.
基金Project(2023YFB4606200)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(2023-SSRF-HZ-503114-2)supported by Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility,Instrument BL16U2,China。
文摘This comprehensive study investigates the formation and evolution of intermetallic compounds during the solidification process of magnesium alloys using advanced micro X-ray computed tomography.By analyzing both common industrial Mg-Al-Zn alloys and a novel rare earth-containing Mg-Ni-Gd-Y alloy,we aim to characterize the nucleation,growth,and distribution of Al-Mn and eutectic intermetallics across various stages of solidification.The non destructive imaging technique employed in this research provides high-resolution,three-dimensional insights into the microstructural development,allowing for a detailed examination of the morphology,spatial arrangement,and interconnectivity of intermetallic phases.This approach overcomes limitations of traditional two-dimensional metallographic methods,offering a more comprehensive understanding of the complex three-dimensional structures formed during solidification.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279068,52374306)the Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(tsqn202408202)the Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory Open Project(QNESL OP202312)。
文摘Preferential magnesium(Mg)electrodeposition on separators is a ubiquitous yet poorly understood phenomenon in rechargeable Mg-metal batteries,posing a fundamental challenge to their development.In this work,the synergy effects of interface-accelerating desolvation and spatial confinement have been demonstrated as the essential causation of this counterintuitive experimental phenomenon.At the molecular level,the imide ring(-CO-NR-CO-,in which R represents the phenyl)groups in an artificially introduced polyimide(PI)interlayer facilitate the strong electrostatic affinity towards Mg^(2+),which accelerates the desolvation process for Mg^(2+)solvation structures at the inner Helmholtz plane.At the nucleation scale,the wedge-like concave geometry formed at the PI/current collector interface provides energetically favorable sites for Mg nucleation.This unique architecture reduces the critical nucleus size,thereby significantly lowering nucleation energy barriers.As a result,the satisfactory Coulombic efficiency for Mg plating/stripping(98.22%)and cycle lifespan(1200 cycles,above 100 days)have been achieved,outperforming most of the previous results.This work pioneers a molecular-level understanding of separator-directed Mg deposition and resolves a long-standing confusion in Mg-metal batteries.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2022YFB3803703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52071141,52271212,52201250,51771056,22305104)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK20210893)the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (No.G2023014022L)。
文摘Magnesium hydride(MgH_(2)) demonstrates immense potential as a solid-state hydrogen storage material,while its commercial utilization is impeded by the elevated operating temperature and sluggish reaction kinetics.Herein,a MOF derived multi-phase FeNi_(3)-S catalyst was specially designed for efficient hydrogen storage in MgH_(2).Experiments confirmed that the incorporation of FeNi_(3)-S into MgH_(2) significantly lowered the desorption temperature and accelerated the kinetics of hydrogen desorption and reabsorption.The initial dehydrogenation temperature of the MgH_(2)+10 wt% FeNi_(3)-S composite was 202 ℃,which was 123 ℃ lower than that of pure MgH_(2).At 325 ℃,the MgH_(2)+10 wt% FeNi_(3)-S composite released 6.57 wt% H_(2)(fully dehydrogenated) within 1000 s.Remarkably,MgH_(2)+ 10 wt% FeNi_(3)-S composite initiated rehydrogenation at room temperature and rapidly absorbed 2.49 wt% H_(2) within 30 min at 100 ℃.Moreover,6.3 wt% H_(2) was still retained after 20 cycles at 300 ℃,demonstrating the superior cycling performance of the MgH_(2)+10 wt% FeNi_(3)-S composite.The activation energy fitting calculations further evidenced the addition of FeNi_(3)-S enhanced the de/resorption kinetics of MgH_(2)(E_(a)= 98.6 k J/mol and 43.3 k J/mol,respectively).Through phase and microstructural analysis,it was determined that the exceptional hydrogen storage performance of the composite was attributed to the in-situ formation of Mg/Mg_(2)Ni + Fe/MgS and MgH_(2)/Mg_(2)NiH_(4)+Fe/MgS hydrogen storage systems.Further mechanistic analysis revealed that Mg_(2)Ni/Mg_(2)NiH_(4) served as “hydrogen pump” and Fe/Mg S served as “hydrogen diffusion channel”,thus accelerating the dissociation and recombination of hydrogen molecules.In conclusion,this work offers insight into catalysts combining transition metal alloys and transition metal sulfide for exerting muti-phase synergistic effect on boosting the dehydrogenation/hydrogenation reactions of MgH_(2),which can also inspire future pioneering work on designing and fabricating high efficient catalysts in other energy storage related areas.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(No.2021ZLGX01)Shanghai Kindly Medical Instrument Co.,Ltd。
文摘Rapid corrosion of magnesium alloys in the physiological environment limits their use as orthopedic implant materials.Therefore,the silane film modified with nano-hydroxyapatite(n HA)was prepared on the surface of AZ31 magnesium alloy to improve its corrosion resistance.The silane films are continuous,uniform,and adherent well to the Mg substrate,and the modification of the film by n HA increased the thickness from~1.92 to~3.25μm.Compared to the bare substrate,the corrosion current density of the sample with the silane film modified with n HA decreases by three orders of magnitude from 9.23×10^(-5)to 2.779×10^(-8)A/cm~2.According to the immersion tests,it is found that the synergistic effect of sub-film corrosion and blistering is the dominant mode of film failure.During the immersion of less than 72 h,the modification by n HA improves the corrosion resistance by delaying the sub-film corrosion and blistering of the film.
基金Funded by the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(No.202203021211191)。
文摘To investigate the effects of extrusion temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of WE43 magnesium alloy,extrusion experiments were conducted under 330,380,430,and 450℃,and the extrusion ratio was 16.The experimental results indicate that,at a low temperature of 330℃,the alloy precipitates a large amount of second phases rich in Zr elements.Moreover,the texture strength and kernel average misorientation value are the highest,with values of 27.77 and 0.71,respectively.The increase in extrusion temperature leads to a gradual decrease in texture strength and kernel average misorientation value.The strength of the alloy is the highest at an extrusion temperature of 330℃.Its tensile yield stress is 254.7 MPa and ultimate tensile strength is 302.7 MPa,respectively.As the extrusion temperature increases,the strength of the alloy gradually decreases.At an extrusion temperature of 450℃,the tensile yield stress is 181.3 MPa and ultimate tensile strength is 265.7 MPa,respectively.The elongation first increases and then decreases,with an elongation of 20.9%at an extrusion temperature of 330℃.At an extrusion temperature of 430℃,the elongation reaches its maximum value,which is 23.6%.At an extrusion temperature of 450℃,the elongation reaches its lowest value,which is 16.4%.
基金support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)-Projektnummer 505716422the French National Research Agency(ANR)grants ANR22-CE92-0058-01(SILA)and ANR-21-CE08-0001(ATOUUM)+2 种基金support by the DFG through the projects A05 of the SFB1394 StructuralChemical Atomic Complexity-From Defect Phase Diagrams to Material Properties,project ID 409476157support funded by the DFG-Projektnummer 562592407 and 555365333.
文摘Magnesium(Mg)and its alloys,known for their low density and high specific strength,are increasingly explored as lightweight structural materials across a broad range of industrial applications.However,their widespread application remains constrained by intrinsic mechanical limitations,fundamentally rooted in the nature of crystallographic defects.Atomic-scale modeling techniques are transforming our ability to unravel the structures,energetics,and dynamics of these defects and to explore their complex interactions,thereby guiding defect engineering in Mg alloys.However,the growing body of available data can make it difficult for researchers to identify critical knowledge gaps and promising areas for further exploration.To address this challenge,we highlight key research domains with significant potential for impactful advancements,aiming to illuminate these areas while inspiring innovative approaches and encouraging deeper exploration of pivotal topics that may shape the future of Mg alloy development.This review presents a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in atomic-scale modeling of defects in Mg and its alloys.We introduce key simulation methodologies,including density functional theory and atomistic simulations,and highlight their applications to defect distribution,defect dynamics,and defect-defect interactions.By bridging fundamental insights in defects with alloy design strategies,this review aims to support and inspire the broader Mg research community and to underscore the growing impact of atomic-scale modeling in the accelerated development of high-performance Mg alloys.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant Nos.52222211 and 52472209)the State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering(Grant No.SKL-MCE-23A05)+1 种基金“333”Project of Jiangsu Provincethe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Magnesium batteries are attracting growing interest as next-generation energy storage technology due to their high safety,cost-effectiveness,and resource abundance.However,their development remains limited by sluggish Mg^(2+)transport kinetics at the electrode/electrolyte interface.Herein,we propose an electrolyte design strategy that modulates the Mg^(2+)solvation structure by introducing tetrahydrofuran(THF)as a co-solvent into a borate-based electrolyte,Mg[B(hfip)_(4)](MBF)in dimethoxyethane(DME).THF,selected from a series of linear and cyclic ethers,has a comparable dielectric constant and donor number to DME,but its cyclic structure introduces steric hindrance that induces competitive coordination with Mg^(2+).This competition weakens Mg^(2+)-solvent interactions,yielding a more labile solvation structure and enhanced desolvation kinetics.As a result,Mg||Mg cells employing the optimized MBF/1D1T electrolyte(DME:THF=1:1,v:v)exhibit a significantly reduced Mg plating/stripping overpotential of 120 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2),compared with 316 mV at 8 mA cm^(-2)with MBF/DME,along with exceptional cycling stability exceeding 1200 h.Furthermore,representative sulfide cathodes such as CuS and VS_(4)demonstrate faster activation and improved high-rate performance in the presence of MBF/1D1T.
基金Funded by the Ten National-level Science and Technology Innovation Platform Cultivation and Construction Projects in Qinghai Province(No.2025-ZJ-J01)the Leader of Natural Science and Engineering Technology in Qinghai Province(2023)the Western Young Scholars Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2024)。
文摘The influence mechanism of MgO particle fineness on the properties of MOC was comprehensively explored through means of grinding,sieving,hydration and apparent density testing,in conjunction with characterization methods such as setting time,stability,compressive strength,and microscopic morphology.The findings reveal that MOC demonstrates excellent stability and mechanical properties when the particle fineness of MgO is less than 75μm.When the MgO particle fineness exceeds 75μm,MOC exhibits superior fluidity and maneuverability.When 0.75μm MgO is employed as the raw material to prepare MOC,a water-cement ratio of 0.6 proves more favorable.These results can furnish a theoretical foundation for the preparation and application of MOC.
基金supported by Sichuan LTWT Metal Materials Co.,Ltd.,Sichuan Province,China(No.21H1367)。
文摘The microstructure and mechanical properties of ZK60 extruded alloy by rapid solidification(RS)and as-cast ingot processes were investigated using optical microscope,scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction,electron back-scatter diffraction,and mechanical tests.The results show that the RS ZK60 extruded alloy exhibits relatively high tensile yield strength(TYS),compressive yield strength(CYS)and elongation of 300.8 MPa,303.6 MPa and 18.6%,respectively.The RS ZK60 extruded alloy with an ultra-fine grain size of 1.28μm not only has a weak texture with a maximum polar density of 3.3 but also addresses the tension-compression asymmetry with a CYS/TYS ratio of approximately 1.0.The calculation of the strengthening mechanism indicates that the improvement in the mechanical properties of the RS ZK60 extruded alloy is primarily attributed to grain refinement.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21804008,52102209)the International Technological Collaboration Project of Shanghai(No.17520710300)+1 种基金Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2108085QE197)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2022A1515010834,2020A1515110221).
文摘Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)possess the merits of greater theoretical capacity,cheaper magnesium metal and not easily producing branched crystals,and greater safety.Therefore,the current researches mainly concentrate on the exploration of high-performance RMBs in the initial stage,but still face many gigantic challenges.Herein,petal-shaped nanorods CoS/CuS materials are successfully synthesized as RMBs cathode materials through a two-step metal sulfide template-free solvent-thermal synthesis method,which can effectively improve the reaction kinetics due to the petal-like nano-structure and provide rich electrochemically active sites to decrease the transport barrier of Mg^(2+),thus contributing to the enhancement of the reaction kinetics of magnesium storage in RMBs.The electrochemical performance test illustrates that CoS/CuS composite nanomaterials can considerably improve the charging and discharging specific capacity of the batteries as well as the voltage of the batteries due to the existing synergistic effect between them.The specific capacity of CoS/CuS cathode still can still be maintained as high as 62.8 mAh g^(−1)after 300 cycles at 200 mA g^(−1).And the specific capacity of this electrode material changes from 180.6 mAh g^(−1)to 30 mAh g^(−1)at the current densities from 100 mA g^(−1)to 1000 mA g^(−1),and when the current density is restored to 100 mA g^(−1),the specific capacity gradually recovered to 178.6 mAh g^(−1),which showed better rate performance and ultra-high cycling stability.This work highlights how the introduction of CuS into CoS nanostructures can benefit the reversibility and cyclicity of the magnesium storage reaction and offers an original and practical route for the modification of RMBs electrode materials with good electrochemical properties.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(No.JQ2022E004)。
文摘To investigate the evolution of grain orientation and slip modes in magnesium alloys with multiple texture components,an AZ31 gradient-structured magnesium alloy sheet was fabricated using hard plate rolling(HPR).The changes in texture and slip modes under different reductions were examined.The results demonstrate that the AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets display a self-epitaxial gradient structure,with the best mechanical properties observed at rolling temperature of 673 K and reduction of 50%.Significant changes in texture type and strength are observed along the normal direction(ND)of the sheet.The coarse-grain region exhibits a bimodal texture aligned with the rolling direction.These texture variations enhance the stress distribution at the fine grain-coarse grain interface,influencing the grain orientation and the activation of different slip modes,thus improving the mechanical properties of gradient-structured magnesium alloy sheets.This approach offers a new strategy for the fabrication of high-performance magnesium alloy sheets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52471132,52475356,52071139,U21A20130)the National Social Science Fund of China(No.21BJL075)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province for Distinguished Young Scholars,China(No.2024J010031)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0886)。
文摘To investigate the complex relationship between rolling process parameters and mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy rolled sheets,the Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation(LOOCV)and parameter tuning were applied to optimizing hyper-parameters for the four(BPNN,SVR,RF,and KNN)machine learning models.An interpretable prediction model based on machine learning and SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP),as well as an analytical method combining the SHAP model and the Pearson Correlation Coefficient(PCC),were proposed.The results showed that among the four models,the SVR model was able to simultaneously and accurately predict the ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and elongation(EL).According to the combination analysis of PCC and the magnesium alloy rolling forming mechanism,it was found that strain rate and reduction displayed a negative and positive correlation with UTS,respectively,while rolling temperature and reduction illustrated a positive and negative correlation with EL,respectively.Through the SHAP method,which could interpret the output results of the SVR machine learning model,it was deduced that reduction and strain rate played an important role in the SVR model of the outputs of the UTS and EL,respectively.Combining SHAP with PCC,it was found that strain rate and reduction had a greater influence on the UTS than rolling temperature,whereas strain rate and rolling temperature had more influence on the EL compared to reduction.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB3809500)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2024CDJXY003)+1 种基金the Venture&Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees(cx2023087)The Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Development Project(No.2024TIAD-KPX0003).
文摘Micro-sized anatase TiO_(2) displays inferior capacity as cathode material for magnesium ion batteries because of the higher diffusion energy barrier of Mg^(2+)in anatase TiO_(2) lattice.Herein,we report that nanosized anatase TiO_(2) exposed(001)facet doubles the capacity compared to the micro-sized sample ascribed to the interfacial Mg^(2+)ion storage.First-principles calculations reveal that the diffusion energy barrier of Mg^(2+)on the(001)facet is significantly lower than those in the bulk phase and on(100)facet,and the adsorption energy of Mg^(2+)on the(001)facet is also considerably lower than that on(100)facet,which guarantees superior interfacial Mg^(2+)storage of(001)facet.Moreover,anatase TiO_(2) exposed(001)facet displays a significantly higher capacity of 312.9 mAh g^(−1) in Mg-Li dual-salt electrolyte compared to 234.3 mAh g^(−1) in Li salt electrolyte.The adsorption energies of Mg^(2+)on(001)facet are much lower than the adsorption energies of Li+on(001)facet,implying that the Mg^(2+)ion interfacial storage is more favorable.These results highlight that controlling the crystal facet of the nanocrystals effectively enhances the interfacial storage of multivalent ions.This work offers valuable guidance for the rational design of high-capacity storage systems.
基金the financial supports from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2901400)he Distinguished Young Research Project of Anhui Higher Education,China(No.2023AH020017)the Xinjiang Tianchi Talent Introduction Plan,China。
文摘The electrochemical separation of Mn(Ⅱ)impurity from molten NaCl-KCl-MgCl_(2)was systematically investigated to facilitate the electrolytic production of high-purity magnesium.The reduction of Mn(Ⅱ)to Mn metal on tungsten electrode was a quasi-reversible process controlled by diffusion.The apparent standard potential and exchange current density of Mn(Ⅱ)/Mn(0)electrode reaction were determined at temperatures ranging from 973 to 1048 K.Solid Mn metal generated during electrolysis aggregated into irregular clumps and adsorbed some needle-like MgO,imposing a detrimental effect on both the aggregation and the purity of magnesium metal.After electrolysis at-1.5 V in molten NaCl-KCl-MgCl_(2)-0.62wt.%MnCl_(2)for 8 h,the concentration of MnCl_(2)impurity decreased to 0.037 wt.%,achieving a removal efficiency of 94.14%.When direct electrolysis was performed in molten NaCl-KCl-MgCl_(2)-0.62wt.%MnCl_(2),the obtained magnesium metal was small blocks with a caviar-like appearance,and the purity was just 98.59%.In contrast,a large globule of magnesium metal was obtained when electrolysis was performed in the purified electrolyte,and its purity was improved to 99.94%.The controlled-potential electrolysis proposed in this work has been verified to be a green and practically effective method to separate the metal ion impurities from molten electrolyte for high purity magnesium extraction.
基金supported by the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation,China(No.2020GXNSFAA 159011)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51664011).
文摘Magnesium-based anode materials have attracted significant attention in the energy storage domain because of their high theoretical capacities and low electrochemical potentials.However,in conventional electrolyte systems,magnesium metal electrodes dynamically generate an ion-blocking surface layer,resulting in prominent voltage polarization,which severely limits their practical applications.In this study,ZIF-8/carbon nanotubes(CNTs)coatings were used to modify the anodes of magnesium batteries.Compared with the unaltered magnesium battery,the voltage lag time of the ZIF-8/CNTs coating was shortened from 4 s before modification to 0.26 s,and the battery impedance was lowered by two orders of magnitude.The duration of the discharge platform was increased from 4 h before modification to 6-10 h,the anode utilization rate was more than doubled,and the specific energy density was significantly enhanced compared with the battery before modification.The mechanism indicates that the ZIF-8/CNTs coating can limit the infiltration of corrosive substances,extend their transmission path,and offer more effective protection to the magnesium anode.The incorporation of CNTs improves the conductivity of the battery,and it significantly improves the electrochemical performance of the magnesium battery.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52204407)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20220595)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M723689).
文摘This study proposes a multi-scale simplified residual convolutional neural network(MS-SRCNN)for the precise prediction of Mg-Nd binary alloy compositions from scanning electron microscope(SEM)images.A multi-scale data structure is established by spatially aligning and stacking SEM images at different magnifications.The MS-SRCNN significantly reduces computational runtime by over 90%compared to traditional architectures like ResNet50,VGG16,and VGG19,without compromising prediction accuracy.The model demonstrates more excellent predictive performance,achieving a>5%increase in R^(2) compared to single-scale models.Furthermore,the MS-SRCNN exhibits robust composition prediction capability across other Mg-based binary alloys,including Mg-La,Mg-Sn,Mg-Ce,Mg-Sm,Mg-Ag,and Mg-Y,thereby emphasizing its generalization and extrapolation potential.This research establishes a non-destructive,microstructure-informed composition analysis framework,reduces characterization time compared to traditional experiment methods and provides insights into the composition-microstructure relationship in diverse material systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2037601)the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2023YFB3809500)the Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Development Project(No.CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0028).
文摘Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)have attracted much attention due to the high theoretical capacity(3833 mAh cm−3)of magnesium metal negative electrode and abundant resources.However,the preparation of ultra-thin magnesium foils faces the problems of rolling difficulty and high processing cost,while the use of thick magnesium foils leads to low utilization of magnesium and reduces the energy density.To tackle the above problems,we successfully prepared ultra-thin magnesium foils based on electrolytic process and investigated the effect of different substrates.The magnesium foils prepared using Mo substrate have more uniform surface morphology and lower surface roughness,which is attributed to the lower magnesium nucleation overpotential of Mo substrate.Meanwhile,density functional theory calculations show that the adsorption energy of Mo on Mg is more negative,which is conducive to achieving uniform nucleation and deposition of Mg.The Mg deposition on Mo substrate undergoes the characteristic stages of transient nucleation,nucleus accretion,multidirectional heterotopic growth,and columnar crystal stacking,and ultimately the formation of a dense deposited layer.In addition,the prepared ultra-thin Mg foil with Mo substrate can stably cycle for 1000 h at 3 mA cm^(-2) with high utilization of 50% in the symmetric cell.This study develops a facile method for the preparation of ultra-thin Mg foils,which opens up a new path for developing high-performance ultra-thin negative electrodes for RMBs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52274295)Hebei Province Science and Technology Research and Development Platform Special Innovation Capability Enhancement Plan Project(24464402D)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N2423051,N2423005)the Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department(QN2024238)The Basic Research Program Project of Shijiazhuang City for Universities Stationed in Hebei Province(241790937A)2025 Hebei Provincial Post-graduate Student Innovation Ability Training Funding Project(CXZZBS2025202,CXZZSS2025157).
文摘Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)are considered promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems due to their high theoretical capacity.However,the non-uniform deposition/stripping behavior of Mg metal hinders the practical application of RMBs.This study demonstrates that the designed interfacial electric field effect,driven by a copper phthalocyanine(CuPc)conductive interlayer,enhances the kinetics and stability of the Mg anode.In situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy coupled with distribution of relaxation times analysis reveals that the highly delocalized electron cloud network of CuPc establishes a low-energy-barrier electron transport pathway,significantly reducing charge transfer resistance.Electrochemical characterization and density functional theory calculations indicate that the interfacial electric field effect effectively improves interfacial Mg^(2+)diffusion by enhancing electron delocalization and reducing the Mg^(2+)migration energy barrier.Furthermore,finite element simulations substantiate that the interfacial electric field imparts uniform interfacial charge distribution and homogeneous Mg deposition during plating/stripping processes.Consequently,the symmetric cell with CuPc@Mg achieves an ultra-long lifetime(1,400h at 5mAcm^(−2))and a high Coulombic efficiency(99.3%).Furthermore,the CuPc@Mg||Mo6S8 cell achieves high capacity retention(92%).This work highlights the potential of metal phthalocyanines in stabilizing Mg anodes.
基金funded by Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022D01F60)Tianshan Talents Plan of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022TSYCJC0001)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(22368051)Science and Technology Plan Project of Karamay(20232023hjcxrc0038 and 2024hjcxrc0118)Projects of Talents Recruitment of GDUPT(2023rcyj2005)。
文摘In the extraction of potassium from salt lakes,Mg is abundant in the form of bischofite(MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O),which is not utilized effectively,resulting in the waste of resources and environmental pressure.Anhydrous MgCl_(2) prepared by the dehydration of bischofite is a high-quality raw material for the production of Mg.However,direct calcination of MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O in industrial dehydration processes leads to a large amount of hydrolysis.The by-products are harmful to the electrolysis process of Mg,causing problems such as sludge formation,low current efficiency,and corrosion in the electrodes.To obtain high-purity anhydrous MgCl_(2),different advanced dehydration processes have been proposed.In this review,we focus on the recent progress of the dehydration process.Firstly,we discuss the molecular structure of MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O and explain the reason why much hydrolysis occurs in dehydration.Secondly,we introduce the specific dehydration processes,mainly divided into direct dehydration processes and indirect dehydration processes.The direct dehydration processes are classified into gas protection heating and molecular sieve dehydration process.Indirect dehydration processes are classified into thermal dehydration of ammonium carnallite(NH_(4)Cl·MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O),thermal dehydration of potassium carnallite(KCl·MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O),thermal decomposition of the[HAE]Cl·MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O,organic solvent distillation,ionic liquid dehydration process and ammonia complexation process.In the meanwhile,purity of anhydrous MgCl_(2) of each dehydration process,as well as the advantages and disadvantages,is discussed.The characteristics of different processes with a simple economic budget are also given in this paper.Finally,the main challenges are evaluated with suggested directions in the future,aiming to guide the synthesis of high-purity anhydrous MgCl_(2).
