TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings were prepared by arc ion plating with separate targets. In order to decrease the unfavorable macroparticles, a straight magnetized filter was used for the low melting aluminium target. Th...TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings were prepared by arc ion plating with separate targets. In order to decrease the unfavorable macroparticles, a straight magnetized filter was used for the low melting aluminium target. The results show that the output plasmas of titanium target without filter and aluminium target with filter reach the substrate with the same order of magnitude. Meanwhile, the number of macropartieles in TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings deposited with separate targets is only 1/10-1/3 of that deposited with alloy target reported in literature. Al atom addition may lead to the decrease of peak at （200） lattice plane and strengthening of peak at （111） and （220） lattice planes. The measured hardness of TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings accords with the mixture principle and the maximum hardness is HV2495. The adhesion strength reaches 75 N.展开更多
A major obstacle to the broad application of cathodic arc plasma deposition is the presence of macroparticles. In this paper, the properties of the large rectangular arc ion plating with a magnetic filtering shutter s...A major obstacle to the broad application of cathodic arc plasma deposition is the presence of macroparticles. In this paper, the properties of the large rectangular arc ion plating with a magnetic filtering shutter system to filter macroparticles are studied. It is proposed that the macroparticles in the plasma beam are effectively removed with the magnetic filtering shutter system, and the quality of the deposited films is improved.展开更多
A combination of both conventional and advanced high-resolution characterization techniques was applied to study the modified layers on the surface of three composite Al-Cr arc cathodes with identical nominal composit...A combination of both conventional and advanced high-resolution characterization techniques was applied to study the modified layers on the surface of three composite Al-Cr arc cathodes with identical nominal composition of Al-50 at.%Cr but varying powder grain sizes.The results revealed that the modified layers consist mainly of metastable phases such as Cr solid solution,high temperature cubic Al8 Cr5,supersaturated Al solid solution,and icosahedral quasicrystal.The metastable phase formation indicates that high cooling rates were involved during the solidification of molten material produced in the arc craters during cathode spot events.The average cooling rate was estimated to be 10^(6)K/s based on secondary dendrite arm spacing measurements and supporting phase-field based simulations.The formation mechanisms of the modified layers are discussed based on the obtained results and the current literature.展开更多
All of the natural substances can be viewed as particles.According to the sizes of particles,the natural substances may be classified at six levels from small to large,and heir functional spectra can be established in...All of the natural substances can be viewed as particles.According to the sizes of particles,the natural substances may be classified at six levels from small to large,and heir functional spectra can be established in the order from simple to complex.They are respectively point particles(?ppspPs),fundamental structural particles(FSPs),chemical particles(ChPs),nanoparticles(NPs),macroparticles(MPs)and celestial particles(CePs).The particles in one of these levels have their independent functional activities and interaction patterns different from those in the levels lower than them,representing a new leaping.There are very close relations between the size and functions of the particles.It is especially suitablefor biological particles.As far as the present human knowledges,the activity of the PPs is the simplest without interactions;the activities of FSPs are rather complex,their interactions result in the production of various FSPs;ChPs have more complex activities,their interactions produce inumberous sorts of ions and molecules,forming the collorful chemical world;the functional activities of NPs are much more complex than those of the ChPs,their interactions cause the production of inumberous sorts of biological NPs with the characteristics of biological phenomenon;the functional activities of MPs are the most complicated,their interactions result in the production of hundreds and southands sorts of individual living bodies with the feature of high level functional activities such as learnig,thinking and reproduction;we still know little about the functional activities of the CePs.In conclusion,the establishent of the size-function spectrum will be helpful to investigate the substance world as a whole,and reveal the interaction principles of the particles and biological essential fundamentals.展开更多
Background The Hefei Advanced Light Facility(HALF)will be a VUV and soft X-ray diffraction-limited storage ring(DLSR),and its high density of electron bunches makes the intra-beam scattering(IBS)effect very serious.Me...Background The Hefei Advanced Light Facility(HALF)will be a VUV and soft X-ray diffraction-limited storage ring(DLSR),and its high density of electron bunches makes the intra-beam scattering(IBS)effect very serious.Methods An IBS module used in the IMPACT code is developed,where the scattering process of IBS is described by the Piwinski model in Monte Carlo sampling.In the IMPACT code with IBS module,the macroparticle beam in storage ring is numerically tracked,including motion under external electromagnetic field and the IBS scattering process.And the long-term tracking results of macroparticle beam are statistically analyzed.Results and conclusions The results of IBS effect in the HALF storage ring studied by this new code are presented.For benchmarking,the IMPACT code with IBS module is compared with the ELEGANT code and a semi-analytic code using Bane’s model,and the results agree well with each other.With various countermeasures,the IBS impact can be controlled to a certain extent,and the expected beam emittance is approximately 59 pm·rad.展开更多
基金Projects (50773015, 10775036) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings were prepared by arc ion plating with separate targets. In order to decrease the unfavorable macroparticles, a straight magnetized filter was used for the low melting aluminium target. The results show that the output plasmas of titanium target without filter and aluminium target with filter reach the substrate with the same order of magnitude. Meanwhile, the number of macropartieles in TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings deposited with separate targets is only 1/10-1/3 of that deposited with alloy target reported in literature. Al atom addition may lead to the decrease of peak at （200） lattice plane and strengthening of peak at （111） and （220） lattice planes. The measured hardness of TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings accords with the mixture principle and the maximum hardness is HV2495. The adhesion strength reaches 75 N.
文摘A major obstacle to the broad application of cathodic arc plasma deposition is the presence of macroparticles. In this paper, the properties of the large rectangular arc ion plating with a magnetic filtering shutter system to filter macroparticles are studied. It is proposed that the macroparticles in the plasma beam are effectively removed with the magnetic filtering shutter system, and the quality of the deposited films is improved.
基金Financial support by the Osterreichische Forschungs forderungsgesellschaft mb H(FFG)within the framework of the project“Arc Cathode Erosion”(Project No.856889)。
文摘A combination of both conventional and advanced high-resolution characterization techniques was applied to study the modified layers on the surface of three composite Al-Cr arc cathodes with identical nominal composition of Al-50 at.%Cr but varying powder grain sizes.The results revealed that the modified layers consist mainly of metastable phases such as Cr solid solution,high temperature cubic Al8 Cr5,supersaturated Al solid solution,and icosahedral quasicrystal.The metastable phase formation indicates that high cooling rates were involved during the solidification of molten material produced in the arc craters during cathode spot events.The average cooling rate was estimated to be 10^(6)K/s based on secondary dendrite arm spacing measurements and supporting phase-field based simulations.The formation mechanisms of the modified layers are discussed based on the obtained results and the current literature.
文摘All of the natural substances can be viewed as particles.According to the sizes of particles,the natural substances may be classified at six levels from small to large,and heir functional spectra can be established in the order from simple to complex.They are respectively point particles(?ppspPs),fundamental structural particles(FSPs),chemical particles(ChPs),nanoparticles(NPs),macroparticles(MPs)and celestial particles(CePs).The particles in one of these levels have their independent functional activities and interaction patterns different from those in the levels lower than them,representing a new leaping.There are very close relations between the size and functions of the particles.It is especially suitablefor biological particles.As far as the present human knowledges,the activity of the PPs is the simplest without interactions;the activities of FSPs are rather complex,their interactions result in the production of various FSPs;ChPs have more complex activities,their interactions produce inumberous sorts of ions and molecules,forming the collorful chemical world;the functional activities of NPs are much more complex than those of the ChPs,their interactions cause the production of inumberous sorts of biological NPs with the characteristics of biological phenomenon;the functional activities of MPs are the most complicated,their interactions result in the production of hundreds and southands sorts of individual living bodies with the feature of high level functional activities such as learnig,thinking and reproduction;we still know little about the functional activities of the CePs.In conclusion,the establishent of the size-function spectrum will be helpful to investigate the substance world as a whole,and reveal the interaction principles of the particles and biological essential fundamentals.
基金supported by the HALF project and the National Key R&D Program Project(2016Y-FA0402000).
文摘Background The Hefei Advanced Light Facility(HALF)will be a VUV and soft X-ray diffraction-limited storage ring(DLSR),and its high density of electron bunches makes the intra-beam scattering(IBS)effect very serious.Methods An IBS module used in the IMPACT code is developed,where the scattering process of IBS is described by the Piwinski model in Monte Carlo sampling.In the IMPACT code with IBS module,the macroparticle beam in storage ring is numerically tracked,including motion under external electromagnetic field and the IBS scattering process.And the long-term tracking results of macroparticle beam are statistically analyzed.Results and conclusions The results of IBS effect in the HALF storage ring studied by this new code are presented.For benchmarking,the IMPACT code with IBS module is compared with the ELEGANT code and a semi-analytic code using Bane’s model,and the results agree well with each other.With various countermeasures,the IBS impact can be controlled to a certain extent,and the expected beam emittance is approximately 59 pm·rad.
