Summary What is already known about this topic?The Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2015–2017 reported that among adults aged 18–59 years,the average daily intake was 328.3 mg of calcium,251.8 mg of magn...Summary What is already known about this topic?The Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2015–2017 reported that among adults aged 18–59 years,the average daily intake was 328.3 mg of calcium,251.8 mg of magnesium,5,681.4 mg of sodium,and 1,474.1 mg of potassium.For adults aged 60 years and above,the corresponding intakes were 333.2 mg,242.5 mg,5,412.1 mg,and 1,392.6 mg per day,respectively.展开更多
By the method of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma, the content of macro and microelements in the blood plasma of 35 practically healthy people living in the Northern region of Azerbaijan an...By the method of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma, the content of macro and microelements in the blood plasma of 35 practically healthy people living in the Northern region of Azerbaijan and in the Nizhny Novgorod region of the Russian Federation was studied as well as of 23 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with different phases of the disease. The elemental homeostasis of the blood plasma did not significantly differ depending on the region of residence, except for the potassium level (by 1.3 times greater for Russians) and strontium (by 10 times higher among the inhabitants of the Northern region of Azerbaijan). In patients with focal pulmonary tuberculosis, there were no significant differences in the content of elements in the blood plasma. With pulmonary tuberculosis, accompanied by decomposition processes, the content of calcium, copper, zinc and iron in blood plasma significantly increases in comparison with healthy people. Analysis of the level of these macro- and microelements can be used to determine the transition of the early form of pulmonary tuberculosis to infiltrative and/or cavernous forms, in which the patient becomes epidemiologically dangerous to others.展开更多
Changes of various mineral elements (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Na) contents in roots and leaves of S. sagittifolia were studied with treatment of different Cu2+ concentrations (5 μM, 10 μM, 20 μM and 40 μM) aft...Changes of various mineral elements (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Na) contents in roots and leaves of S. sagittifolia were studied with treatment of different Cu2+ concentrations (5 μM, 10 μM, 20 μM and 40 μM) after 15 days. The results showed that: 1) Cu accumulated in roots of S. sagittifolia in large quantities, while Cu content in leaves showed no significant change;2) It can be seen from the changes of macroelements that Cu2+ treatments had inhibited the absorption of P, K, Ca, Mg in roots of S. sagittifolia, but the contents of P, K and Mg in leaves were higher than those in the roots in all Cu2+ treatment groups;3) It can be seen from the changes of microelements that Cu2+ treatment promoted the absorption of Fe, inhibited absorption of Mn, Zn and Na in roots of S. sagittifolia, and hindered the transport of various micro-elements from roots to leaves. In all the Cu2+ treatment groups, contents of Fe, Mn, Zn and Na in leaves were lower than those in the roots;4) The critical concentration of Cu2+ to S. sagittifolia was 5 μM. It could be seen from the above results that exogenous added Cu2+ of different concentrations broke the balance of various mineral elements in S. sagittifolia, which would exert a significant impact on numerous metabolic pathways and physiological processes.展开更多
Bredemeyera floribunda Wild (Polygalaceae), also known as pau-de-ovo is a medicinal plant used to treat snakebites, as tonic and fortifiers to treat fatigue and exhaustion. The aim of the present study was to document...Bredemeyera floribunda Wild (Polygalaceae), also known as pau-de-ovo is a medicinal plant used to treat snakebites, as tonic and fortifiers to treat fatigue and exhaustion. The aim of the present study was to document the knowledge of herbal sellers in the preparation of the so-called “B. floribunda fortifier” and to compare the plant root content with the recommended nutritional values and the permitted limit for medicinal plants. The study revealed that, unlike other regions of Brazil, in the Midwest region, the root of the plant is used as food to treat fatigue and exhaustion. The contents in B. floribunda root decreased in the following order: Ca > K > P > Na > Fe > Mg > Si > Mn > Zn > Cu. Daily intake of 30 grams of B. floribunda roots are considered as an excellent source of Cr, Cu, Mn and Se for people 19 to 50 years of age according to the RDA. In addition, Cu and Fe showed content above the established limit for medicinal plants stipulated by other countries. The root of the plant has low K, Mg, P, Na and Zn content. When the contents in roots of the plant are below the oral dose of reference, consumption of this plant can be considered safe and without risk to human health. On the other hand, concentration of elements such as Cu, Fe, Ni, Al, Cr and Se exceeding the allowable limit may cause serious health problems due to prolonged ingestion and large amounts consumed daily. The Brazilian legislation does not establish a permissible limit of macro- and micro-elements in medicinal plants;thus, the results presented in this study will contribute to the Brazilian public health policy on medicinal plants.展开更多
In this paper, the quadratic nonconforming brick element （MSLK element） intro- duced in [10] is used for the 3D Stokes equations. The instability for the mixed element pair MSLK-P1 is analyzed, where the vector-valu...In this paper, the quadratic nonconforming brick element （MSLK element） intro- duced in [10] is used for the 3D Stokes equations. The instability for the mixed element pair MSLK-P1 is analyzed, where the vector-valued MSLK element approximates the velocity and the piecewise P1 element approximates the pressure. As a cure, we adopt the piecewise P1 macroelement to discretize the pressure instead of the standard piecewise P1 element on cuboid meshes. This new pair is stable and the optimal error estimate is achieved. Numerical examples verify our theoretical analysis.展开更多
Seed mineral nutrition is essential for early seedling establishment,and varies under different environmental conditions.However,the intraspecific variation of multi-elements in seeds and the relative effects of clima...Seed mineral nutrition is essential for early seedling establishment,and varies under different environmental conditions.However,the intraspecific variation of multi-elements in seeds and the relative effects of climate and soil on seed elements remain unclear,even though understanding these factors is crucial for predicting plant reproductive responses to global changes.Here,we sampled seeds from Euptelea pleiospermum across 18 populations in China.We quantified the inter-population variation of 12 elements in the seeds and analysed their relationship with soil characteristics and climatic variables.We also explored the relationship of N and P concentrations between seeds and leaves.Results showed that seed elements were highly variable across different populations,with macroelements exhibiting lower variability than most of the microelements.Along the latitudinal gradient,the concentrations of K,Ca,Fe and Al in seeds increased,while the concentrations of C and Mn decreased.The stoichiometry of seed elements did not significantly correlate with latitude.Seed element concentrations were associated with both soil and climatic variables,and the influence of soil conditions on intraspecific variations is comparable to or even greater than climatic factors.However,seed stoichiometry was less related to environmental factors.Seeds had higher P but lower N than leaves,with no correlation between seed elements and leaf elements.Our findings suggest that mountain tree species respond to different local environments by adjusting seed element concentrations while maintaining relatively stable seed stoichiometry.We emphasize that,in addition to climate change,soil conditions should be considered when predicting the influence of environmental changes on the elemental composition of plant reproductive organs.展开更多
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?The Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2015–2017 reported that among adults aged 18–59 years,the average daily intake was 328.3 mg of calcium,251.8 mg of magnesium,5,681.4 mg of sodium,and 1,474.1 mg of potassium.For adults aged 60 years and above,the corresponding intakes were 333.2 mg,242.5 mg,5,412.1 mg,and 1,392.6 mg per day,respectively.
文摘By the method of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma, the content of macro and microelements in the blood plasma of 35 practically healthy people living in the Northern region of Azerbaijan and in the Nizhny Novgorod region of the Russian Federation was studied as well as of 23 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with different phases of the disease. The elemental homeostasis of the blood plasma did not significantly differ depending on the region of residence, except for the potassium level (by 1.3 times greater for Russians) and strontium (by 10 times higher among the inhabitants of the Northern region of Azerbaijan). In patients with focal pulmonary tuberculosis, there were no significant differences in the content of elements in the blood plasma. With pulmonary tuberculosis, accompanied by decomposition processes, the content of calcium, copper, zinc and iron in blood plasma significantly increases in comparison with healthy people. Analysis of the level of these macro- and microelements can be used to determine the transition of the early form of pulmonary tuberculosis to infiltrative and/or cavernous forms, in which the patient becomes epidemiologically dangerous to others.
文摘Changes of various mineral elements (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Na) contents in roots and leaves of S. sagittifolia were studied with treatment of different Cu2+ concentrations (5 μM, 10 μM, 20 μM and 40 μM) after 15 days. The results showed that: 1) Cu accumulated in roots of S. sagittifolia in large quantities, while Cu content in leaves showed no significant change;2) It can be seen from the changes of macroelements that Cu2+ treatments had inhibited the absorption of P, K, Ca, Mg in roots of S. sagittifolia, but the contents of P, K and Mg in leaves were higher than those in the roots in all Cu2+ treatment groups;3) It can be seen from the changes of microelements that Cu2+ treatment promoted the absorption of Fe, inhibited absorption of Mn, Zn and Na in roots of S. sagittifolia, and hindered the transport of various micro-elements from roots to leaves. In all the Cu2+ treatment groups, contents of Fe, Mn, Zn and Na in leaves were lower than those in the roots;4) The critical concentration of Cu2+ to S. sagittifolia was 5 μM. It could be seen from the above results that exogenous added Cu2+ of different concentrations broke the balance of various mineral elements in S. sagittifolia, which would exert a significant impact on numerous metabolic pathways and physiological processes.
基金partially supported by the Brazilian Research Council(CNPq)(CNPq:Process No 311336/2017-5)financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-Brasil(CAPES)-Finance Code 001.
文摘Bredemeyera floribunda Wild (Polygalaceae), also known as pau-de-ovo is a medicinal plant used to treat snakebites, as tonic and fortifiers to treat fatigue and exhaustion. The aim of the present study was to document the knowledge of herbal sellers in the preparation of the so-called “B. floribunda fortifier” and to compare the plant root content with the recommended nutritional values and the permitted limit for medicinal plants. The study revealed that, unlike other regions of Brazil, in the Midwest region, the root of the plant is used as food to treat fatigue and exhaustion. The contents in B. floribunda root decreased in the following order: Ca > K > P > Na > Fe > Mg > Si > Mn > Zn > Cu. Daily intake of 30 grams of B. floribunda roots are considered as an excellent source of Cr, Cu, Mn and Se for people 19 to 50 years of age according to the RDA. In addition, Cu and Fe showed content above the established limit for medicinal plants stipulated by other countries. The root of the plant has low K, Mg, P, Na and Zn content. When the contents in roots of the plant are below the oral dose of reference, consumption of this plant can be considered safe and without risk to human health. On the other hand, concentration of elements such as Cu, Fe, Ni, Al, Cr and Se exceeding the allowable limit may cause serious health problems due to prolonged ingestion and large amounts consumed daily. The Brazilian legislation does not establish a permissible limit of macro- and micro-elements in medicinal plants;thus, the results presented in this study will contribute to the Brazilian public health policy on medicinal plants.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11171052,11301053,61328206 and 61272371)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘In this paper, the quadratic nonconforming brick element （MSLK element） intro- duced in [10] is used for the 3D Stokes equations. The instability for the mixed element pair MSLK-P1 is analyzed, where the vector-valued MSLK element approximates the velocity and the piecewise P1 element approximates the pressure. As a cure, we adopt the piecewise P1 macroelement to discretize the pressure instead of the standard piecewise P1 element on cuboid meshes. This new pair is stable and the optimal error estimate is achieved. Numerical examples verify our theoretical analysis.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371653,32001225,and 31770572)State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change(LVEC-2021kf01).
文摘Seed mineral nutrition is essential for early seedling establishment,and varies under different environmental conditions.However,the intraspecific variation of multi-elements in seeds and the relative effects of climate and soil on seed elements remain unclear,even though understanding these factors is crucial for predicting plant reproductive responses to global changes.Here,we sampled seeds from Euptelea pleiospermum across 18 populations in China.We quantified the inter-population variation of 12 elements in the seeds and analysed their relationship with soil characteristics and climatic variables.We also explored the relationship of N and P concentrations between seeds and leaves.Results showed that seed elements were highly variable across different populations,with macroelements exhibiting lower variability than most of the microelements.Along the latitudinal gradient,the concentrations of K,Ca,Fe and Al in seeds increased,while the concentrations of C and Mn decreased.The stoichiometry of seed elements did not significantly correlate with latitude.Seed element concentrations were associated with both soil and climatic variables,and the influence of soil conditions on intraspecific variations is comparable to or even greater than climatic factors.However,seed stoichiometry was less related to environmental factors.Seeds had higher P but lower N than leaves,with no correlation between seed elements and leaf elements.Our findings suggest that mountain tree species respond to different local environments by adjusting seed element concentrations while maintaining relatively stable seed stoichiometry.We emphasize that,in addition to climate change,soil conditions should be considered when predicting the influence of environmental changes on the elemental composition of plant reproductive organs.
