Pathogenic African swine fever virus(ASFV)remains a lethal causative agent in the domestic pig industry,which poses a burden on the swine market and causes substantial socioeconomic losses worldwide.Currently,there ar...Pathogenic African swine fever virus(ASFV)remains a lethal causative agent in the domestic pig industry,which poses a burden on the swine market and causes substantial socioeconomic losses worldwide.Currently,there are no commercially efcacious vaccines or specifc treatments available for ASF prevention and control.Unfortunately,little is known about the swine immune response upon ASFV infection.Here,we investigated the host immune response discrepancy induced by the feld moderately virulent strain ASFV HB-2208 among healthy,diseased and asymptomatic pigs.In the peripheral blood of diseased swine,lymphopenia is caused by the massive loss of bystander lymphocytes,such asγδT cells,B cells and CD4^(+)T cells.Conversely,ASFV has a strong tropism for the mononuclear phagocyte system(MPS)and partial dendritic cells(DCs),whose antigen-presenting ability is impeded by the downregulation of CD80 and MHC I.However,no signifcant diference in the number of CD8α^(high) T cells was detected,whereas the frequencies of NK cells,NKT cells,and regulatory T cells(Tregs)were signifcantly increased.Additionally,an in vitro model was established with a coculture of primary pulmonary alveolar macrophages(PAMs)and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs),which signifcantly reducedγδT cells,B cells and CD4^(+)T cells and increased Tregs.The diferentiated immune response might aid in enhancing the understanding of ASFV pathogenesis in suids and provide insights into the mechanism of ASFV-induced lymphopenia for further studies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Definitive chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment for unresectable,locally advanced esophageal cancer.However,radiotherapy(RT)often affects the immune system of patients.One of the possible mechanisms ...BACKGROUND Definitive chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment for unresectable,locally advanced esophageal cancer.However,radiotherapy(RT)often affects the immune system of patients.One of the possible mechanisms of lymphopenia after RT is that a large number of circulating lymphocytes in the systemic and pulmonary circulation will be killed by more sessions of low-dose radiation.The impact of dose-volume parameters of organs at risk(OARs)on absolute lymphocyte count(ALC)and the relationship between the extent of lymphocyte count reduction and survival prognosis in patients with middle and lower thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)both remain difficult to determine.AIM To determine the relationship between RT parameters,lymphocyte count and survival prognosis of esophageal cancer patients.METHODS The clinical data of 112 patients with stage I-III ESCC who received definitive RT were analyzed retrospectively.The ALC values before RT,weekly during RT,and within 1 month after RT were determined.Logistic regression was used to evaluate the correlation between the parameters of radiation OARs and the lowest point of the ALC.Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between the lowest point of the ALC and patient survival during RT.RESULTS The median value of the ALC before treatment was 1.57×10^(9)cells/L,and 32 patients(28.6%)showed grade 4 ALC reduction during RT.The reduction in G4 ALC during RT was significantly associated with poor overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival.Multivariate analysis showed that stage III tumors(P=0.003),high heart V_(10)(P=0.046),high lung V_(5)(P=0.048),and high lung V_(20)(P=0.031)were associated with G4 ALC reduction during RT.CONCLUSION The reduction in G4 ALC is related to OS.Joint evaluation of the tumor stage and dose volume parameters has predictive value for G4 ALC reduction and OS.展开更多
To the Editor:Following H7N9infection,the host lymphocyte immunity plays an antiviral role.[l] Furthermore,low frequencies of T-cells correlate with disease severity.[2]Herein,we present a H7N9-infected patient with l...To the Editor:Following H7N9infection,the host lymphocyte immunity plays an antiviral role.[l] Furthermore,low frequencies of T-cells correlate with disease severity.[2]Herein,we present a H7N9-infected patient with life-threatening lymphopenia (only 0.06× 10^9/L in the peripheral blood),which we have barely ever seen before.We also measured the proportidns of T-cell subpopulations in the blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).展开更多
基金support provided by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32172873 and 31941005)the National Programme on Key Research Project of China(2021YFD1800105-2)National Natural Sciences Foundation of China,32172873,Min Cui,31941005,Min Cui,National Programme on Key Research Project of China,2021YFD1800105-2,Min Cui。
文摘Pathogenic African swine fever virus(ASFV)remains a lethal causative agent in the domestic pig industry,which poses a burden on the swine market and causes substantial socioeconomic losses worldwide.Currently,there are no commercially efcacious vaccines or specifc treatments available for ASF prevention and control.Unfortunately,little is known about the swine immune response upon ASFV infection.Here,we investigated the host immune response discrepancy induced by the feld moderately virulent strain ASFV HB-2208 among healthy,diseased and asymptomatic pigs.In the peripheral blood of diseased swine,lymphopenia is caused by the massive loss of bystander lymphocytes,such asγδT cells,B cells and CD4^(+)T cells.Conversely,ASFV has a strong tropism for the mononuclear phagocyte system(MPS)and partial dendritic cells(DCs),whose antigen-presenting ability is impeded by the downregulation of CD80 and MHC I.However,no signifcant diference in the number of CD8α^(high) T cells was detected,whereas the frequencies of NK cells,NKT cells,and regulatory T cells(Tregs)were signifcantly increased.Additionally,an in vitro model was established with a coculture of primary pulmonary alveolar macrophages(PAMs)and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs),which signifcantly reducedγδT cells,B cells and CD4^(+)T cells and increased Tregs.The diferentiated immune response might aid in enhancing the understanding of ASFV pathogenesis in suids and provide insights into the mechanism of ASFV-induced lymphopenia for further studies.
文摘BACKGROUND Definitive chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment for unresectable,locally advanced esophageal cancer.However,radiotherapy(RT)often affects the immune system of patients.One of the possible mechanisms of lymphopenia after RT is that a large number of circulating lymphocytes in the systemic and pulmonary circulation will be killed by more sessions of low-dose radiation.The impact of dose-volume parameters of organs at risk(OARs)on absolute lymphocyte count(ALC)and the relationship between the extent of lymphocyte count reduction and survival prognosis in patients with middle and lower thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)both remain difficult to determine.AIM To determine the relationship between RT parameters,lymphocyte count and survival prognosis of esophageal cancer patients.METHODS The clinical data of 112 patients with stage I-III ESCC who received definitive RT were analyzed retrospectively.The ALC values before RT,weekly during RT,and within 1 month after RT were determined.Logistic regression was used to evaluate the correlation between the parameters of radiation OARs and the lowest point of the ALC.Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between the lowest point of the ALC and patient survival during RT.RESULTS The median value of the ALC before treatment was 1.57×10^(9)cells/L,and 32 patients(28.6%)showed grade 4 ALC reduction during RT.The reduction in G4 ALC during RT was significantly associated with poor overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival.Multivariate analysis showed that stage III tumors(P=0.003),high heart V_(10)(P=0.046),high lung V_(5)(P=0.048),and high lung V_(20)(P=0.031)were associated with G4 ALC reduction during RT.CONCLUSION The reduction in G4 ALC is related to OS.Joint evaluation of the tumor stage and dose volume parameters has predictive value for G4 ALC reduction and OS.
基金the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.1470270and 81401629) the National Key Research and Development Program ofChina (No.2016YFC1304300)the Capital Clinical Features Applied Research and Achievement Promotion Project of Beijing, China (No.Z 161100000516116).
文摘To the Editor:Following H7N9infection,the host lymphocyte immunity plays an antiviral role.[l] Furthermore,low frequencies of T-cells correlate with disease severity.[2]Herein,we present a H7N9-infected patient with life-threatening lymphopenia (only 0.06× 10^9/L in the peripheral blood),which we have barely ever seen before.We also measured the proportidns of T-cell subpopulations in the blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).
