AIM To assess the utility of NLR,PLR,IMT and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)aspredictive markers for monitoring inflammatory responses and the disease activity in cardiac involvementin Takayasu’s arteritis.METHODS...AIM To assess the utility of NLR,PLR,IMT and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)aspredictive markers for monitoring inflammatory responses and the disease activity in cardiac involvementin Takayasu’s arteritis.METHODS A cohort retrospective study encompassing 86 patients(43 withcardiac compromise and 43 without)was conducted.A comparative analysis of NLR,PLR,IMT,andCEUS between TA patients with and without cardiac compromise was undertaken.RESULTS The NLR and PLR of the heart damage group were significantly higher than those of the non heart damagegroup(2.9±1.0 vs.2.1±0.8,P<0.01;166±79 vs.117±51,P<0.01).The IMT and CEUS of the heartdamage group were significantly higher than those of the TA non heart damage group(2.6±0.6 vs.1.5±0.4,P<0.01;2.6±0.5 vs.1.6±0.6,P<0.01).The NLR level of the heart damage group was positivelycorrelated with CRP(r=0.42,P<0.01),and PLR was positively correlated with CRP and CEUS(r=0.34,P<0.05;r=0.35,P<0.05).The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that NLR,IMT,andCEUS were independent risk factors for TA and cardiac damage.The area under the ROC curve for NLRto determine cardiac damage is 0.865,with a cut-off value of 2.265,a sensitivity of 69.8%,and aspecificity of 90.7%.The area under the ROC curve for determining cardiac damage using PLR is 0.812,with a cut-off value of 111.275,a sensitivity of 76.7%,and a specificity of 79.1%.CONCLUSION NLR and PLR,in conjunction with contrast-enhanced ultrasound,can be employed to assessinflammatory response and the disease activity in cardiac involvement in Takayasu’s arteritis.展开更多
The global incidence of critical illness has been steadily increasing,resulting in higher mortality rates thereby presenting substantial challenges for clinical mana-gement.Among these conditions,sepsis stands out as ...The global incidence of critical illness has been steadily increasing,resulting in higher mortality rates thereby presenting substantial challenges for clinical mana-gement.Among these conditions,sepsis stands out as the leading cause of critical illness,underscoring the urgent need for continued research to enhance patient care and deepen our understanding of its complex pathophysiology.Lympho-cytes play a pivotal role in both innate and adaptive immune responses,acting as key regulators of the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflam-matory processes to preserve immune homeostasis.In the context of sepsis,an impaired immunity has been associated with disrupted lymphocytic metabolic activity,persistent pro-inflammatory state,and subsequent immunosuppression.These disruptions not only impair pathogen clearance but also predispose pati-ents to secondary infections and hinder recovery,highlighting the importance of targeting lymphocyte dysfunction in sepsis management.Moreover,studies have identified absolute lymphocyte counts and derived parameters as promising clinical biomarkers for prognostic assessment and therapeutic decision-making.In particular,neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,and lymphopenia have gained reco-gnition in the literature as a critical prognostic markers and therapeutic target in the management of sepsis.This review aims to elucidate the multifaceted role of lymphocytes in pathophysiology,with a focus on recent advancements in their use as biomarkers and key findings in this evolving field.展开更多
Introduction:Butyrophilins(BTNs)belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily;they play crucial roles in immune regulation,especially inγδ T cell activation.While their expression has been studied in solid tumours,their ...Introduction:Butyrophilins(BTNs)belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily;they play crucial roles in immune regulation,especially inγδ T cell activation.While their expression has been studied in solid tumours,their involvement in hematologic malignancies remains poorly understood.Objectives:We hypothesised that BTNs are dysregulated in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia(CLL),contributing toγδT cell dysfunction and potentially influencing disease progression.Methods:In this study,we analyzed publicly available microarray and RNA-seq datasets to investigate the expression patterns of BTN genes in CLL.Results:Our findings reveal significant dysregulation of BTN gene expression in CLL,with BTN2A1,BTN3A1,BTN3A2,and BTN3A3 being markedly downregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)and bone marrow samples from CLL patients compared to healthy volunteers,while BTN1A1 was upregulated.Furthermore,BTN2A2 was selectively downregulated in neoplastic B cells,whereas BTN3A1 was upregulated in T cells from CLL patients compared to healthy volunteers.Notably,lower BTN expression was associated with an unmutated IGVH status and male sex.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that higher expression of BTN2A1,BTN3A1,BTN3A2,and BTN3A3 correlated with a significantly longer overall survival.Conclusions:Given the established role of BTN2A1 and BTN3A1 in the phosphoantigen-mediated activation of Vδ2γδ T cells,their downregulation may contribute toγδ T cell dysfunction in CLL.These results highlight the potential prognostic value of BTN gene expression in CLL and underscore the need for further studies exploring its mechanistic role in disease progression and immune evasion.展开更多
BACKGROUND Depression is a significant psychiatric disorder with particularly high prevalence among adolescents.This mental health condition can have severe consequences,including academic failure,social withdrawal,an...BACKGROUND Depression is a significant psychiatric disorder with particularly high prevalence among adolescents.This mental health condition can have severe consequences,including academic failure,social withdrawal,and suicidal behavior.Given the increasing rate of depression in this age group,understanding the underlying biological mechanisms is essential for early detection and intervention.Recent studies have suggested that immune markers play a role in the pathophysiology of depression,prompting further investigation of their potential association with depressive symptoms in adolescents.AIM To investigate the relationship between immune markers(monocytes,lymphocytes,and direct bilirubin)and the incidence and severity of depression among adolescents.METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited 145 adolescent patients with depression[male(M)/female(F)=38/107]from Jiangbin Hospital in Guangxi,Zhuang and 163 healthy controls(M/F=77/86)from routine health check-ups.Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast.Depression severity was measured using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale.The inclusion criteria were age 12-24 years,diagnosis of depressive disorder(ICD-10),and no recent antidepressant use.The exclusion criteria included psychiatric comorbidities and serious somatic diseases.Key statistical methods included group comparisons and correlation analyses.RESULTS There was a higher prevalence of females in the depression group(P<0.001).Significant age differences were observed between the groups(Z=9.43,P<0.001).The depression group had higher monocyte(Z=3.43,P<0.001)and lymphocyte(t=2.29,P<0.05)counts,and higher serum direct bilirubin levels(Z=4.72,P<0.001).Monocyte count varied significantly according to depression severity,with lower counts in the mild group(Z=-2.90,P<0.05).A negative correlation between age and lymphocyte counts was observed(ρ=-0.22,P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that serum direct bilirubin levels significantly predicted depression.CONCLUSION The potential role of elevated levels of immune markers in the early detection of depression in adolescents has been highlighted.Therefore,it is necessary to explore further the relationships between these immune markers and depression.展开更多
BACKGROUND Although previous findings indicated that pathological assessment of tumor budding(TB),desmoplastic reaction(DR),and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)may play a role in determining tumor behavior in many...BACKGROUND Although previous findings indicated that pathological assessment of tumor budding(TB),desmoplastic reaction(DR),and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)may play a role in determining tumor behavior in many malignancies,the relationship between TB,DR,and TILs in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is still unknown.AIM To evaluate relationships of TB,DR,and TILs with histopathological parameters and determine their prognostic value in patients with PDAC.METHODS The study cohort comprised 100 patients diagnosed with PDAC.Peritumoral budding(PTB)and intratumoral budding(ITB)were assessed according to the International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference guidelines.DR was classified based on stromal maturation.TILs were evaluated semiquantitatively with a 5%cutoff.Additionally,cases were categorized into two groups according to lymphocyte density:No/Low lymphocytes and medium/high lymphocytes.RESULTS A significant correlation was observed between ITB and PTB(r=0.890).Higher PTB was associated with fewer TILs and immature stroma(P<0.001).PTB and TILs were significantly related to tumor dimension,lymphovascular invasion,lymph node metastasis(LNM),and stage(P<0.005).ITB was also associated with the presence of lymph node involvement.The results of the univariate analysis revealed a significant correlation between poor survival rates and the presence of lymphovascular invasion,LNM,PTB,ITB,and TILs according to scoring(P<0.001).The multivariate analysis revealed LNM,PTB,ITB,and TILs according to scoring as independent prognostic factors.CONCLUSION TB assessment stratified patients with PDAC.PTB-ITB correlation showed diagnostic relevance of ITB in biopsy specimens.The prognostic significance of DR and interplay with TIL subsets warrant further investigation.展开更多
Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is an autoimmune disease characterized by the selective destruction of intrahepatic small bile ducts,primarily by infiltrating lymphocytes,and has limited therapeutic options.A growing ...Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is an autoimmune disease characterized by the selective destruction of intrahepatic small bile ducts,primarily by infiltrating lymphocytes,and has limited therapeutic options.A growing body of evidence suggests that nanoparticles encapsulating rapamycin(ImmTOR)can suppress autoreactive lymphocytes and reduce inflammatory cytokine levels in various autoimmune diseases.In a recent study,Yang et al investigated the therapeutic effects of ImmTOR in a mouse model of PBC.ImmTOR treatment reduced the expression and number of CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells,and B cells isolated from the liver and spleen,improved liver inflammation and enzyme levels,and was associated with a concomitant decrease in anti-mitochondrial antibody levels.In this editorial,we highlight the significance of these findings,focusing on the potential mechanisms by which ImmTOR suppresses hepatic autoreactive T cells and reduces anti-mitochondrial antibody levels,ultimately improving liver pa-thology,through pathways such as mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition and autophagy restoration.We also offer a perspective on future research di-rections for PBC in both animal models and in vitro studies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis(OA)involves low-grade inflammation.The neutrophil-to-lym-phocyte ratio(NLR)may serve as a simple biomarker,but its role in OA remains unclear.AIM To review the existing scientific literature ...BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis(OA)involves low-grade inflammation.The neutrophil-to-lym-phocyte ratio(NLR)may serve as a simple biomarker,but its role in OA remains unclear.AIM To review the existing scientific literature on the role of NLR in OA,a classic age-related disorder,to perform a meta-analysis of the available data.METHODS The electronic databases PubMed,ProQuest,and Scopus were systematically searched from inception to March 1,2024.The inclusion criteria were retro-spective and prospective case-control studies involving human subjects with OA and healthy controls.The included studies needed to provide NLR levels for both OA patients and healthy controls and perform a comparative analysis of NLR levels between these groups.RESULTS According to the PRISMA guidelines,fifteen articles were included in the meta-analysis after multiple screenings.The pooled results demonstrated a significant overall elevation of NLR in OA patients compared to healthy controls.(standardized mean difference=0.39,95%confidence interval:0.03-0.75,P=0.03).However,the subgroup analysis shows no significant differences in NLR levels when considering study design(retrospective vs prospective)and OA severity(severe vs mild-moderate).This suggests variability and potential limitations in using NLR as a consistent marker across different study types and OA severity.CONCLUSION Our study found that OA patients have higher NLR than healthy individuals.However,NLR did not significantly differ by study type or disease severity,suggesting its limited use in indicating OA severity.展开更多
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is the most prevalent type of pan-creatic neoplasm.It is a highly aggressive lethal malignancy related to its delayed in diagnosis and limited response to treatments.The incidence...Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is the most prevalent type of pan-creatic neoplasm.It is a highly aggressive lethal malignancy related to its delayed in diagnosis and limited response to treatments.The incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer have been increasing over the years.Tumor budding is a proven independent,adverse prognostic factor in PDAC.It is helpful for improvement of prognosis in PDAC in early and precise diagnostic modalities.Tumor budding should be conveyed in pathology reports and taken into account by future onco-logic staging systems.展开更多
Background:Transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 3(KLF3)may be involved in regulating inflammation and lymphocyte function.Immune dysfunction in sepsis involves both hyper-inflammation and immunosuppression.Ho...Background:Transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 3(KLF3)may be involved in regulating inflammation and lymphocyte function.Immune dysfunction in sepsis involves both hyper-inflammation and immunosuppression.However,studies on T-lymphocyte KLF3 expression in sepsis are lacking.Methods:We induced sepsis in mice via cecal ligation and puncture(CLP),and their survival rate over 7 days was evaluated.To identify the immune status of these mice,we assessed their cytokine levels,organ damage scores,and splenic T-lymphocyte phenotype.Finally,T-lymphocyte KLF3 expression was detected through flow cytometry.Results:Over the 7 days of observation,septic mice demonstrated 64.7%mortality.In the early stages after CLP,the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels increased rapidly,multiple organ damage occurred,and splenic T lymphocytes became activated.However,the proportion of KLF3+T lymphocytes decreased.Subsequently,cytokine levels and lymphocyte activation decreased.An increase in cell apoptosis led to a substantial loss of T lymphocytes.Combined with the continual elevations in serum interleukin levels and worsening severe organ damage,septic mice may have entered a state of persistent inflammation and immunosuppression,with a simultaneous increase in KLF3 expression in T lymphocytes.Notably,KLF3 expression was negatively correlated with T-lymphocyte activation and apoptosis.Conclusions:In our septic mice,splenic T-lymphocyte KLF3 expression decreased in the early stage when the mice exhibited a systemic inflammatory response and T-lymphocyte activation.In contrast,it increased in the later stage,when persistent inflammation and immunosuppression occurred.Dynamic monitoring of KLF3 expression levels may provide aid in identifying the immune status of sepsis.展开更多
This editorial discusses Alpsoy et al’s significant study of prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC),which lacks histopathological markers.This study evaluated the synergistic prognolymphocytes.Peritumora...This editorial discusses Alpsoy et al’s significant study of prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC),which lacks histopathological markers.This study evaluated the synergistic prognolymphocytes.Peritumoral budding is significantly correlated with tumor volume,while intratumoral budding is closely related to lymph node metastasis.Peritumoral budding and intratumoral budding are confirmed as independent adverse prognostic factors,and their high levels of expression are associated with immature stromal phenotypes,suggesting the key role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.These breakthrough findings provide a new multidimensional biomarker system for the prognostic assessment of PDAC,and promote the clinical transformation process of incorporating tumor budding indicators into the pathological reporting process.However,the complexity and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment require us to go beyond traditional morphological analysis and move towards multiomics integration and dynamic monitoring.Through standardized pathological assessment,innovative treatment strategies and interdisciplinary collaboration,it is expected to transform tumor microenvironment-related markers into clinically applicable indicators,ultimately improving the treatment predicament of PDAC.This editorial intended to summarize relevant studies and share some of our views,in order to offer perspectives for future research.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)experience severe immune dysfunction.Liver transplantation(LT)significantly improves survival outcomes.However,the characteristics of peripheral blood lymph...BACKGROUND Patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)experience severe immune dysfunction.Liver transplantation(LT)significantly improves survival outcomes.However,the characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets(PBLSs)in this patient population are not well defined,and the dynamics of immune reconstitution post-LT are insufficiently understood.AIM To characterize PBLSs in patients with ACLF prior to LT and to evaluate PBLS reconstitution after LT.METHODS Clinical data from patients undergoing LT in the Transplantation Center,The Third Xiangya Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were analyzed retrospectively.Our cohort comprised 44 patients with ACLF,16 patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis,and 23 patients with compensated cirrhosis.Twenty healthy volunteers were included as controls.PBLSs were evaluated across all groups.The relationship between PBLSs and post-LT prognosis was assessed,and dynamic changes in PBLSs among patients with ACLF were analyzed at different time points.RESULTS Patients with ACLF exhibited a marked reduction in PBLSs compared with healthy volunteers.Natural killer(NK)cell counts were further reduced in patients with ACLF when compared with patients with compensated cirrhosis.PBLSs did not correlate with the etiology or severity of ACLF or with established liver failure scores.Following LT,a rapid restoration of NK cells and B cells was observed in patients with ACLF.However,the cluster of differentiation(CD)3+T cell and CD4+T cell counts decreased 14 days post-LT and subsequently returned to preoperative levels by day 21.CONCLUSION Patients with ACLF exhibited markedly reduced PBLSs,with decreased NK cells potentially linked to progression from compensated cirrhosis to liver failure.NK and B cell were rapidly restored after LT.展开更多
Objective:Xuebijing injection has been recommended as a therapeutic approach for individuals with severe and critical COVID-19.This study aims to explore the correlation of neutrophil to lymphocyte platelet ratio(NLPR...Objective:Xuebijing injection has been recommended as a therapeutic approach for individuals with severe and critical COVID-19.This study aims to explore the correlation of neutrophil to lymphocyte platelet ratio(NLPR)with the severity and prognosis of COVID-19,and the effect of XBJ on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 in different inflammatory states.Methods:This was a retrospective study conducted at Wuhan Union Hospital in China.COVID-19patients admitted between November 1,2022 and February 1,2023 were included.In predicting prognosis for individuals with COVID-19,new inflammatory indicators were used,and their prognostic value was assessed by using Cox regression models and receiver operating characteristic curves.Furthermore,a calculation was made to determine the cutoff value for NLPR.Relative risk and Cox regression models were used to examine the effects of Xuebijing injection on prognosis in patient cohorts that had been stratified by the NLPR cutoff.Results:This research included 455 participants with COVID-19,with a mean age of 72 years.Several inflammatory indicators were found to be strongly correlated with prognosis,and NLPR shows the greatest predictive power.Patients with NLPR>3.29 exhibited a mortality rate of 17.3%,which was 6.2 times higher than in patients with NLPR≤3.29.Importantly,providing Xuebijing injection to patients with NLPR>3.29 was associated with a lower risk of 60-day all-cause mortality.However,there was no discernible improvement in survival among patients with NLPR≤3.29 who received Xuebijing injection.Conclusion:NLPR is the most reliable inflammatory marker for predicting prognosis among individuals with COVID-19,and can accurately identify individuals who may benefit from Xuebijing injection.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio,which has not been studied sufficiently to determine the cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide.Methods:The prospective,observational ...Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio,which has not been studied sufficiently to determine the cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide.Methods:The prospective,observational study included patients diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis who were treated at DışkapıYıldırım Beyazıt Application and Research Center,Emergency Medicine Clinic between 1 September 2020 and 31 May 2021.Demographic characteristics,as well as neutrophil count,lymphocyte count,white blood cell count,and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,were compared across the viral,bacterial,and parasitic acute gastroenteritis groups.Results:A total of 168 acute gastroenteritis patients,31 of whom had parasitic,39 bacterial and 98 viral etiologies,were included in this study.Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was 2.73(4.03)in the viral acute gastroenteritis group,4.58(8.61)in the bacterial acute gastroenteritis group,and 4.52(5.49)in the parasite acute gastroenteritis group.A statistically significant difference was found among the groups regarding neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio(P=0.022).However,post-hoc analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio among the groups(P>0.05).Conclusions:Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio alone cannot distinguish etiological causes in patients admitted to the Emergency Medicine Clinic diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis.展开更多
Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a recognized global public health burden affecting over 15%of the general population[1].By 2040,CKD is expected to become the fifth-leading cause of death in the world[2].The neutrophil-t...Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a recognized global public health burden affecting over 15%of the general population[1].By 2040,CKD is expected to become the fifth-leading cause of death in the world[2].The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)indicates local or systemic inflammation status.The NLR has been demonstrated to exhibit predictive value in various pathological conditions,including—but not limited to—pancreatic cancer,as well as macrovascular and microvascular diseases,and sepsis[3,4].展开更多
BACKGROUND Inflammatory cytokines are associated with cancer prognosis,but their specific role in cholangiocarcinoma remains poorly understood.The lymphocyte to C-reactive protein ratio(LCR),a novel inflammatory-nutri...BACKGROUND Inflammatory cytokines are associated with cancer prognosis,but their specific role in cholangiocarcinoma remains poorly understood.The lymphocyte to C-reactive protein ratio(LCR),a novel inflammatory-nutritional biomarker,has demonstrated predictive value in gastrointestinal cancers;however,its clinical relevance in cholangiocarcinoma has not been investigated.AIM To validate the LCR as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival(OS),surgical site infection(SSI),and length of hospital stay in patients with resectable cholangiocarcinoma.METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of 76 patients with cholangiocarcinoma who underwent radical surgery between 2008 and 2013.The preoperative LCR was calculated as the lymphocyte count divided by C-reactive protein level,using a cutoff value of 180.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate factors associated with SSI and hospitalization duration,while Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess predictors of OS.RESULTS Patients in the low LCR group was significantly associated with several adverse clinical outcomes:A shorter median OS(14.93 months vs 46.67 months;P=0.022);a 4.5-fold increased risk of prolonged hospitalization(P=0.007);and a higher incidence of SSI(odds ratio=4.41,P=0.045).Multivariate analysis confirmed that LCR was an independent predictor of OS[hazard ratio(HR)=3.204,P=0.002],SSI,and hospitalization duration.Additionally,R0 resection(HR=3.546,P=0.002)and advanced tumor-node-metastasis stage(HR=2.016,P=0.035)were identified as independent prognostic factors for OS.CONCLUSION In this retrospective study,preoperative LCR is a cost-effective and practical biomarker that independently predicts OS,postoperative complications,and hospitalization duration in patients with resectable cholangiocarcinoma,thereby facilitating more precise patient stratification.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatic manifestations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL)are common:Elevation of liver enzymes frequently occurs,and differential diagnosis is often challenging.Liver infiltration by leukemic cells,primar...BACKGROUND Hepatic manifestations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL)are common:Elevation of liver enzymes frequently occurs,and differential diagnosis is often challenging.Liver infiltration by leukemic cells,primary and secondary hepatic malignancies,drug-induced hepatotoxicity,immunological disorders,and infections have been reported.Nevertheless,syncytial giant cell hepatitis(GCH)as a manifestation of autoimmune hepatitis in patients with CLL is an extremely rare condition,currently reported only in anecdotal cases.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report the case of a 62-year-old Caucasian woman affected by CLL,who developed GCH with peculiar histopathological features.The patient was evaluated for abnormal liver test results.Liver histology revealed significant inflammatory lymphomononuclear infiltrates with a plasma cell component,widespread syncytial changes in the hepatocytes with gigantocellular features,hepatocyte rosettes,and the typical feature of emperipolesis,consistent with a diagnosis of GCH.The patient was treated with corticosteroids and mycophenolate mofetil,resulting in a complete biochemical response.CONCLUSION Early histological diagnosis of GCH is crucial in patients with CLL,with mycophenolate mofetil representing a promising treatment option.展开更多
To compare the effects of polysaccharide nucleic acid fraction of bacillus calmette guerin (BCG PSN) and thymopeptides on T lymphocytes of normal and immunosuppressed mice, CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocyte subsets of...To compare the effects of polysaccharide nucleic acid fraction of bacillus calmette guerin (BCG PSN) and thymopeptides on T lymphocytes of normal and immunosuppressed mice, CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocyte subsets of single nucleic cell in thymus, spleen and peripheral blood were detected successively by flow cytometry after application of BCG PSN and thymopeptides. Meanwhile, CD4 +/CD8 + ratio was also calculated. The results showed that both BCG PSN and thymopeptides could decrease the proportion of CD4 + CD8 + T lymphocyte subsets in the thymus, at the same time increase CD4 + T lymphocyte, CD8 +T lymphocyte proportion in the three tissues. The fluctuation in amplitude was greater in thymopeptides group than that in BCG PSN group. It is concluded that acting location of thymopeptides is in thymus, its stimulating action is stronger than that of BCG PSN, while BCG PSN not only accelerates the differentiation in thymus, but also has some direct stimulation to peripheral CD4 +T lymphocytes, and can maintain CD4 +/CD8 + ratio within normal range. So, BCG PSN is safer.展开更多
BACKGROUND Some studies investigated the prognostic role of several blood biomarkers,including the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet/lymphocyte ratio(PLR),lymphocyte/monocyte ratio(LMR)and Glasgow prognostic s...BACKGROUND Some studies investigated the prognostic role of several blood biomarkers,including the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet/lymphocyte ratio(PLR),lymphocyte/monocyte ratio(LMR)and Glasgow prognostic score(GPS),in osteosarcoma,but their results were inconsistent with each other.AIM To identify the prognostic value of NLR,PLR,LMR and GPS in osteosarcoma patients through reviewing relevant studies.METHODS The PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science and CNKI databases were searched up to October 2,2021.The primary and second outcomes were overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS),respectively.The hazard ratios(HRs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were combined to assess the association between these indicators and prognosis of osteosarcoma patients.RESULTS A total of 13 studies involving 2087 patients were eventually included.The pooled results demonstrated that higher NLR and GPS were significantly associated with poorer OS(HR=1.88,95%CI:1.38-2.55,P<0.001;HR=2.19,95%CI:1.64-2.94,P<0.001)and DFS(HR=1.67,95%CI:1.37-2.04,P<0.001;HR=2.50,95%CI:1.39-4.48,P<0.001).However,no significant relationship of PLR and LMR and OS(P=0.085;P=0.338)and DFS(P=0.396;P=0.124)was observed.CONCLUSION Higher NLR and GPS were related with worse prognosis and might serve as novel prognostic indicators for osteosarcoma patients.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to explore the combined prognostic value of pretreatment neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio(NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio(LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR) in newly diagnosed IE/II...Objective This study aimed to explore the combined prognostic value of pretreatment neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio(NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio(LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR) in newly diagnosed IE/IIE extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma(ENKTL) treated with a P-Gemox regimen combined with radiotherapy or radiotherapy alone.Methods A total of 132 patients from 2009 to 2017 at the Sichuan Cancer Hospital were enrolled in the study. The cutoff values of NLR, LMR, and PLR using overall survival(OS) rate as an endpoint were obtained by the receiver operating curve. Results The cutoff value of NLR was 3.5. Patients with high NLR had significantly shorter progressionfree survival(PFS)(P < 0.001) and OS(P < 0.001) than those with low NLR. Similarly, the cutoff value of LMR was 3.0. The high LMR group had significantly longer PFS(P=0.001) and OS(P < 0.001) than the low LMR group. Similarly, the cutoff value of PLR was 191.7. The high PLR group was significantly associated with poor PFS(P < 0.001) and OS(P < 0.001) than the low PLR group. Furthermore, combining NLR, LMR, and PLR to build a new model to stratify patients into low-, intermediate-, intermediate-high-, and high-risk groups, there were also significant differences in PFS(P < 0.001) and OS(P < 0.001). The univariate analysis showed that presenting B symptoms, stage IIE, local tumor invasion, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score ≥ 2, elevated lactate dehydrogenase level, elevated NLR, decreased LMR, and elevated PLR were significantly associated with poor survival. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that PLR was an independent prognostic factor for both PFS(hazard ratio [HR]= 2.073, 95% confidence interval [CI]= 1.080–3.981, P = 0.028) and OS(HR = 2.127, 95% CI = 1.102–4.107, P = 0.025).Conclusion Elevated pretreatment PLR was a novel simple predictor of poor survival in patients with stage IE/IIE ENKTL. Combining NLR, LMR, and PLR could provide additional stratification.展开更多
Aim To investigate the chemical constituents from the twigs and leaves of Pithecellobium clypearia Benth and their immunomodulatory effects. Methods The constituents were separated and purified by various chromatograp...Aim To investigate the chemical constituents from the twigs and leaves of Pithecellobium clypearia Benth and their immunomodulatory effects. Methods The constituents were separated and purified by various chromatographic methods and their structures were identified on the basis of spectral analysis. The immufiomodulatory effects of all the compounds were examined by a Con A-induced T lymphocytes proliferation assay. Results Eight compounds were isolated and identified as （-）- epigallocatechin （1）, （-）-5, 7, 3′, 4′, 5′-pentahydroxyflavan （2）, （-）-epigallocatechin-7-gallate （3）, （-）-5, 3′, 4′, 5′-tetrahydroxyfiavan- 7-gallate （4）, quercitin-3-O-α-L-rhamnpyranoside （5）, myricitin-3-O-α-L-rhamnpyranoside （6）, gallic acid （7）, and ethyl gallate （8）, respectively. Conclusion Compounds 3 and 8 were isolated from this genus for the first time, and compound 1 was isolated from this species for the first time. Compound 3 exhibited a strong inhibition on the T lymphocytes proliferation induced by Con A with an IC50 of 4.4 μmol·L^-1.展开更多
文摘AIM To assess the utility of NLR,PLR,IMT and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)aspredictive markers for monitoring inflammatory responses and the disease activity in cardiac involvementin Takayasu’s arteritis.METHODS A cohort retrospective study encompassing 86 patients(43 withcardiac compromise and 43 without)was conducted.A comparative analysis of NLR,PLR,IMT,andCEUS between TA patients with and without cardiac compromise was undertaken.RESULTS The NLR and PLR of the heart damage group were significantly higher than those of the non heart damagegroup(2.9±1.0 vs.2.1±0.8,P<0.01;166±79 vs.117±51,P<0.01).The IMT and CEUS of the heartdamage group were significantly higher than those of the TA non heart damage group(2.6±0.6 vs.1.5±0.4,P<0.01;2.6±0.5 vs.1.6±0.6,P<0.01).The NLR level of the heart damage group was positivelycorrelated with CRP(r=0.42,P<0.01),and PLR was positively correlated with CRP and CEUS(r=0.34,P<0.05;r=0.35,P<0.05).The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that NLR,IMT,andCEUS were independent risk factors for TA and cardiac damage.The area under the ROC curve for NLRto determine cardiac damage is 0.865,with a cut-off value of 2.265,a sensitivity of 69.8%,and aspecificity of 90.7%.The area under the ROC curve for determining cardiac damage using PLR is 0.812,with a cut-off value of 111.275,a sensitivity of 76.7%,and a specificity of 79.1%.CONCLUSION NLR and PLR,in conjunction with contrast-enhanced ultrasound,can be employed to assessinflammatory response and the disease activity in cardiac involvement in Takayasu’s arteritis.
文摘The global incidence of critical illness has been steadily increasing,resulting in higher mortality rates thereby presenting substantial challenges for clinical mana-gement.Among these conditions,sepsis stands out as the leading cause of critical illness,underscoring the urgent need for continued research to enhance patient care and deepen our understanding of its complex pathophysiology.Lympho-cytes play a pivotal role in both innate and adaptive immune responses,acting as key regulators of the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflam-matory processes to preserve immune homeostasis.In the context of sepsis,an impaired immunity has been associated with disrupted lymphocytic metabolic activity,persistent pro-inflammatory state,and subsequent immunosuppression.These disruptions not only impair pathogen clearance but also predispose pati-ents to secondary infections and hinder recovery,highlighting the importance of targeting lymphocyte dysfunction in sepsis management.Moreover,studies have identified absolute lymphocyte counts and derived parameters as promising clinical biomarkers for prognostic assessment and therapeutic decision-making.In particular,neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,and lymphopenia have gained reco-gnition in the literature as a critical prognostic markers and therapeutic target in the management of sepsis.This review aims to elucidate the multifaceted role of lymphocytes in pathophysiology,with a focus on recent advancements in their use as biomarkers and key findings in this evolving field.
基金funded by the National Science Center in Poland,Preludium grant number 2019/35/N/NZ6/02973.
文摘Introduction:Butyrophilins(BTNs)belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily;they play crucial roles in immune regulation,especially inγδ T cell activation.While their expression has been studied in solid tumours,their involvement in hematologic malignancies remains poorly understood.Objectives:We hypothesised that BTNs are dysregulated in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia(CLL),contributing toγδT cell dysfunction and potentially influencing disease progression.Methods:In this study,we analyzed publicly available microarray and RNA-seq datasets to investigate the expression patterns of BTN genes in CLL.Results:Our findings reveal significant dysregulation of BTN gene expression in CLL,with BTN2A1,BTN3A1,BTN3A2,and BTN3A3 being markedly downregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)and bone marrow samples from CLL patients compared to healthy volunteers,while BTN1A1 was upregulated.Furthermore,BTN2A2 was selectively downregulated in neoplastic B cells,whereas BTN3A1 was upregulated in T cells from CLL patients compared to healthy volunteers.Notably,lower BTN expression was associated with an unmutated IGVH status and male sex.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that higher expression of BTN2A1,BTN3A1,BTN3A2,and BTN3A3 correlated with a significantly longer overall survival.Conclusions:Given the established role of BTN2A1 and BTN3A1 in the phosphoantigen-mediated activation of Vδ2γδ T cells,their downregulation may contribute toγδ T cell dysfunction in CLL.These results highlight the potential prognostic value of BTN gene expression in CLL and underscore the need for further studies exploring its mechanistic role in disease progression and immune evasion.
基金Supported by the Medical Discipline Construction Project of Pudong Health Committee of Shanghai,No.PWZzb2022-09Nanning City Science Research and Technology Development Program,No.ZC20233017and Guangxi Medical and Health Appropriate Technology Development and Promotion Project,No.S2021061.
文摘BACKGROUND Depression is a significant psychiatric disorder with particularly high prevalence among adolescents.This mental health condition can have severe consequences,including academic failure,social withdrawal,and suicidal behavior.Given the increasing rate of depression in this age group,understanding the underlying biological mechanisms is essential for early detection and intervention.Recent studies have suggested that immune markers play a role in the pathophysiology of depression,prompting further investigation of their potential association with depressive symptoms in adolescents.AIM To investigate the relationship between immune markers(monocytes,lymphocytes,and direct bilirubin)and the incidence and severity of depression among adolescents.METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited 145 adolescent patients with depression[male(M)/female(F)=38/107]from Jiangbin Hospital in Guangxi,Zhuang and 163 healthy controls(M/F=77/86)from routine health check-ups.Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast.Depression severity was measured using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale.The inclusion criteria were age 12-24 years,diagnosis of depressive disorder(ICD-10),and no recent antidepressant use.The exclusion criteria included psychiatric comorbidities and serious somatic diseases.Key statistical methods included group comparisons and correlation analyses.RESULTS There was a higher prevalence of females in the depression group(P<0.001).Significant age differences were observed between the groups(Z=9.43,P<0.001).The depression group had higher monocyte(Z=3.43,P<0.001)and lymphocyte(t=2.29,P<0.05)counts,and higher serum direct bilirubin levels(Z=4.72,P<0.001).Monocyte count varied significantly according to depression severity,with lower counts in the mild group(Z=-2.90,P<0.05).A negative correlation between age and lymphocyte counts was observed(ρ=-0.22,P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that serum direct bilirubin levels significantly predicted depression.CONCLUSION The potential role of elevated levels of immune markers in the early detection of depression in adolescents has been highlighted.Therefore,it is necessary to explore further the relationships between these immune markers and depression.
文摘BACKGROUND Although previous findings indicated that pathological assessment of tumor budding(TB),desmoplastic reaction(DR),and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)may play a role in determining tumor behavior in many malignancies,the relationship between TB,DR,and TILs in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is still unknown.AIM To evaluate relationships of TB,DR,and TILs with histopathological parameters and determine their prognostic value in patients with PDAC.METHODS The study cohort comprised 100 patients diagnosed with PDAC.Peritumoral budding(PTB)and intratumoral budding(ITB)were assessed according to the International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference guidelines.DR was classified based on stromal maturation.TILs were evaluated semiquantitatively with a 5%cutoff.Additionally,cases were categorized into two groups according to lymphocyte density:No/Low lymphocytes and medium/high lymphocytes.RESULTS A significant correlation was observed between ITB and PTB(r=0.890).Higher PTB was associated with fewer TILs and immature stroma(P<0.001).PTB and TILs were significantly related to tumor dimension,lymphovascular invasion,lymph node metastasis(LNM),and stage(P<0.005).ITB was also associated with the presence of lymph node involvement.The results of the univariate analysis revealed a significant correlation between poor survival rates and the presence of lymphovascular invasion,LNM,PTB,ITB,and TILs according to scoring(P<0.001).The multivariate analysis revealed LNM,PTB,ITB,and TILs according to scoring as independent prognostic factors.CONCLUSION TB assessment stratified patients with PDAC.PTB-ITB correlation showed diagnostic relevance of ITB in biopsy specimens.The prognostic significance of DR and interplay with TIL subsets warrant further investigation.
文摘Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is an autoimmune disease characterized by the selective destruction of intrahepatic small bile ducts,primarily by infiltrating lymphocytes,and has limited therapeutic options.A growing body of evidence suggests that nanoparticles encapsulating rapamycin(ImmTOR)can suppress autoreactive lymphocytes and reduce inflammatory cytokine levels in various autoimmune diseases.In a recent study,Yang et al investigated the therapeutic effects of ImmTOR in a mouse model of PBC.ImmTOR treatment reduced the expression and number of CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells,and B cells isolated from the liver and spleen,improved liver inflammation and enzyme levels,and was associated with a concomitant decrease in anti-mitochondrial antibody levels.In this editorial,we highlight the significance of these findings,focusing on the potential mechanisms by which ImmTOR suppresses hepatic autoreactive T cells and reduces anti-mitochondrial antibody levels,ultimately improving liver pa-thology,through pathways such as mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition and autophagy restoration.We also offer a perspective on future research di-rections for PBC in both animal models and in vitro studies.
文摘BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis(OA)involves low-grade inflammation.The neutrophil-to-lym-phocyte ratio(NLR)may serve as a simple biomarker,but its role in OA remains unclear.AIM To review the existing scientific literature on the role of NLR in OA,a classic age-related disorder,to perform a meta-analysis of the available data.METHODS The electronic databases PubMed,ProQuest,and Scopus were systematically searched from inception to March 1,2024.The inclusion criteria were retro-spective and prospective case-control studies involving human subjects with OA and healthy controls.The included studies needed to provide NLR levels for both OA patients and healthy controls and perform a comparative analysis of NLR levels between these groups.RESULTS According to the PRISMA guidelines,fifteen articles were included in the meta-analysis after multiple screenings.The pooled results demonstrated a significant overall elevation of NLR in OA patients compared to healthy controls.(standardized mean difference=0.39,95%confidence interval:0.03-0.75,P=0.03).However,the subgroup analysis shows no significant differences in NLR levels when considering study design(retrospective vs prospective)and OA severity(severe vs mild-moderate).This suggests variability and potential limitations in using NLR as a consistent marker across different study types and OA severity.CONCLUSION Our study found that OA patients have higher NLR than healthy individuals.However,NLR did not significantly differ by study type or disease severity,suggesting its limited use in indicating OA severity.
文摘Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is the most prevalent type of pan-creatic neoplasm.It is a highly aggressive lethal malignancy related to its delayed in diagnosis and limited response to treatments.The incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer have been increasing over the years.Tumor budding is a proven independent,adverse prognostic factor in PDAC.It is helpful for improvement of prognosis in PDAC in early and precise diagnostic modalities.Tumor budding should be conveyed in pathology reports and taken into account by future onco-logic staging systems.
基金supported by grants from theNational Key Specialty Construction Project of China[grant number 2023-141]the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(Scientific Research Feed Fund of Peking University First Hospital)[grant number 2022SF23].
文摘Background:Transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 3(KLF3)may be involved in regulating inflammation and lymphocyte function.Immune dysfunction in sepsis involves both hyper-inflammation and immunosuppression.However,studies on T-lymphocyte KLF3 expression in sepsis are lacking.Methods:We induced sepsis in mice via cecal ligation and puncture(CLP),and their survival rate over 7 days was evaluated.To identify the immune status of these mice,we assessed their cytokine levels,organ damage scores,and splenic T-lymphocyte phenotype.Finally,T-lymphocyte KLF3 expression was detected through flow cytometry.Results:Over the 7 days of observation,septic mice demonstrated 64.7%mortality.In the early stages after CLP,the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels increased rapidly,multiple organ damage occurred,and splenic T lymphocytes became activated.However,the proportion of KLF3+T lymphocytes decreased.Subsequently,cytokine levels and lymphocyte activation decreased.An increase in cell apoptosis led to a substantial loss of T lymphocytes.Combined with the continual elevations in serum interleukin levels and worsening severe organ damage,septic mice may have entered a state of persistent inflammation and immunosuppression,with a simultaneous increase in KLF3 expression in T lymphocytes.Notably,KLF3 expression was negatively correlated with T-lymphocyte activation and apoptosis.Conclusions:In our septic mice,splenic T-lymphocyte KLF3 expression decreased in the early stage when the mice exhibited a systemic inflammatory response and T-lymphocyte activation.In contrast,it increased in the later stage,when persistent inflammation and immunosuppression occurred.Dynamic monitoring of KLF3 expression levels may provide aid in identifying the immune status of sepsis.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82404058Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning,No.2024ZZ2049Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation,No.Y-HS202401-0011.
文摘This editorial discusses Alpsoy et al’s significant study of prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC),which lacks histopathological markers.This study evaluated the synergistic prognolymphocytes.Peritumoral budding is significantly correlated with tumor volume,while intratumoral budding is closely related to lymph node metastasis.Peritumoral budding and intratumoral budding are confirmed as independent adverse prognostic factors,and their high levels of expression are associated with immature stromal phenotypes,suggesting the key role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.These breakthrough findings provide a new multidimensional biomarker system for the prognostic assessment of PDAC,and promote the clinical transformation process of incorporating tumor budding indicators into the pathological reporting process.However,the complexity and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment require us to go beyond traditional morphological analysis and move towards multiomics integration and dynamic monitoring.Through standardized pathological assessment,innovative treatment strategies and interdisciplinary collaboration,it is expected to transform tumor microenvironment-related markers into clinically applicable indicators,ultimately improving the treatment predicament of PDAC.This editorial intended to summarize relevant studies and share some of our views,in order to offer perspectives for future research.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82300857.
文摘BACKGROUND Patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)experience severe immune dysfunction.Liver transplantation(LT)significantly improves survival outcomes.However,the characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets(PBLSs)in this patient population are not well defined,and the dynamics of immune reconstitution post-LT are insufficiently understood.AIM To characterize PBLSs in patients with ACLF prior to LT and to evaluate PBLS reconstitution after LT.METHODS Clinical data from patients undergoing LT in the Transplantation Center,The Third Xiangya Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were analyzed retrospectively.Our cohort comprised 44 patients with ACLF,16 patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis,and 23 patients with compensated cirrhosis.Twenty healthy volunteers were included as controls.PBLSs were evaluated across all groups.The relationship between PBLSs and post-LT prognosis was assessed,and dynamic changes in PBLSs among patients with ACLF were analyzed at different time points.RESULTS Patients with ACLF exhibited a marked reduction in PBLSs compared with healthy volunteers.Natural killer(NK)cell counts were further reduced in patients with ACLF when compared with patients with compensated cirrhosis.PBLSs did not correlate with the etiology or severity of ACLF or with established liver failure scores.Following LT,a rapid restoration of NK cells and B cells was observed in patients with ACLF.However,the cluster of differentiation(CD)3+T cell and CD4+T cell counts decreased 14 days post-LT and subsequently returned to preoperative levels by day 21.CONCLUSION Patients with ACLF exhibited markedly reduced PBLSs,with decreased NK cells potentially linked to progression from compensated cirrhosis to liver failure.NK and B cell were rapidly restored after LT.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81571373,No.81601217 and No.82001491)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(No.2017CFB627)+1 种基金Health Commission of Hubei Province Scientific Research Project(No.WJ2021M247)Scientific Research Fund of Wuhan Union Hospital(No.2019)。
文摘Objective:Xuebijing injection has been recommended as a therapeutic approach for individuals with severe and critical COVID-19.This study aims to explore the correlation of neutrophil to lymphocyte platelet ratio(NLPR)with the severity and prognosis of COVID-19,and the effect of XBJ on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 in different inflammatory states.Methods:This was a retrospective study conducted at Wuhan Union Hospital in China.COVID-19patients admitted between November 1,2022 and February 1,2023 were included.In predicting prognosis for individuals with COVID-19,new inflammatory indicators were used,and their prognostic value was assessed by using Cox regression models and receiver operating characteristic curves.Furthermore,a calculation was made to determine the cutoff value for NLPR.Relative risk and Cox regression models were used to examine the effects of Xuebijing injection on prognosis in patient cohorts that had been stratified by the NLPR cutoff.Results:This research included 455 participants with COVID-19,with a mean age of 72 years.Several inflammatory indicators were found to be strongly correlated with prognosis,and NLPR shows the greatest predictive power.Patients with NLPR>3.29 exhibited a mortality rate of 17.3%,which was 6.2 times higher than in patients with NLPR≤3.29.Importantly,providing Xuebijing injection to patients with NLPR>3.29 was associated with a lower risk of 60-day all-cause mortality.However,there was no discernible improvement in survival among patients with NLPR≤3.29 who received Xuebijing injection.Conclusion:NLPR is the most reliable inflammatory marker for predicting prognosis among individuals with COVID-19,and can accurately identify individuals who may benefit from Xuebijing injection.
文摘Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio,which has not been studied sufficiently to determine the cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide.Methods:The prospective,observational study included patients diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis who were treated at DışkapıYıldırım Beyazıt Application and Research Center,Emergency Medicine Clinic between 1 September 2020 and 31 May 2021.Demographic characteristics,as well as neutrophil count,lymphocyte count,white blood cell count,and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,were compared across the viral,bacterial,and parasitic acute gastroenteritis groups.Results:A total of 168 acute gastroenteritis patients,31 of whom had parasitic,39 bacterial and 98 viral etiologies,were included in this study.Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was 2.73(4.03)in the viral acute gastroenteritis group,4.58(8.61)in the bacterial acute gastroenteritis group,and 4.52(5.49)in the parasite acute gastroenteritis group.A statistically significant difference was found among the groups regarding neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio(P=0.022).However,post-hoc analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio among the groups(P>0.05).Conclusions:Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio alone cannot distinguish etiological causes in patients admitted to the Emergency Medicine Clinic diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis.
基金supported by the Hunan Province Key Field R&D Program(Grant no.2020SK2097)Key Research and Development Project of Hunan Province(Grant no.2020SK2089)+1 种基金the Wisdom Accumulation and Talent Cultivation Project of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University(Grant no.YX202212)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University(Grant No.2023ZZTS0839).
文摘Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a recognized global public health burden affecting over 15%of the general population[1].By 2040,CKD is expected to become the fifth-leading cause of death in the world[2].The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)indicates local or systemic inflammation status.The NLR has been demonstrated to exhibit predictive value in various pathological conditions,including—but not limited to—pancreatic cancer,as well as macrovascular and microvascular diseases,and sepsis[3,4].
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82170412.
文摘BACKGROUND Inflammatory cytokines are associated with cancer prognosis,but their specific role in cholangiocarcinoma remains poorly understood.The lymphocyte to C-reactive protein ratio(LCR),a novel inflammatory-nutritional biomarker,has demonstrated predictive value in gastrointestinal cancers;however,its clinical relevance in cholangiocarcinoma has not been investigated.AIM To validate the LCR as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival(OS),surgical site infection(SSI),and length of hospital stay in patients with resectable cholangiocarcinoma.METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of 76 patients with cholangiocarcinoma who underwent radical surgery between 2008 and 2013.The preoperative LCR was calculated as the lymphocyte count divided by C-reactive protein level,using a cutoff value of 180.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate factors associated with SSI and hospitalization duration,while Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess predictors of OS.RESULTS Patients in the low LCR group was significantly associated with several adverse clinical outcomes:A shorter median OS(14.93 months vs 46.67 months;P=0.022);a 4.5-fold increased risk of prolonged hospitalization(P=0.007);and a higher incidence of SSI(odds ratio=4.41,P=0.045).Multivariate analysis confirmed that LCR was an independent predictor of OS[hazard ratio(HR)=3.204,P=0.002],SSI,and hospitalization duration.Additionally,R0 resection(HR=3.546,P=0.002)and advanced tumor-node-metastasis stage(HR=2.016,P=0.035)were identified as independent prognostic factors for OS.CONCLUSION In this retrospective study,preoperative LCR is a cost-effective and practical biomarker that independently predicts OS,postoperative complications,and hospitalization duration in patients with resectable cholangiocarcinoma,thereby facilitating more precise patient stratification.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatic manifestations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL)are common:Elevation of liver enzymes frequently occurs,and differential diagnosis is often challenging.Liver infiltration by leukemic cells,primary and secondary hepatic malignancies,drug-induced hepatotoxicity,immunological disorders,and infections have been reported.Nevertheless,syncytial giant cell hepatitis(GCH)as a manifestation of autoimmune hepatitis in patients with CLL is an extremely rare condition,currently reported only in anecdotal cases.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report the case of a 62-year-old Caucasian woman affected by CLL,who developed GCH with peculiar histopathological features.The patient was evaluated for abnormal liver test results.Liver histology revealed significant inflammatory lymphomononuclear infiltrates with a plasma cell component,widespread syncytial changes in the hepatocytes with gigantocellular features,hepatocyte rosettes,and the typical feature of emperipolesis,consistent with a diagnosis of GCH.The patient was treated with corticosteroids and mycophenolate mofetil,resulting in a complete biochemical response.CONCLUSION Early histological diagnosis of GCH is crucial in patients with CLL,with mycophenolate mofetil representing a promising treatment option.
文摘To compare the effects of polysaccharide nucleic acid fraction of bacillus calmette guerin (BCG PSN) and thymopeptides on T lymphocytes of normal and immunosuppressed mice, CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocyte subsets of single nucleic cell in thymus, spleen and peripheral blood were detected successively by flow cytometry after application of BCG PSN and thymopeptides. Meanwhile, CD4 +/CD8 + ratio was also calculated. The results showed that both BCG PSN and thymopeptides could decrease the proportion of CD4 + CD8 + T lymphocyte subsets in the thymus, at the same time increase CD4 + T lymphocyte, CD8 +T lymphocyte proportion in the three tissues. The fluctuation in amplitude was greater in thymopeptides group than that in BCG PSN group. It is concluded that acting location of thymopeptides is in thymus, its stimulating action is stronger than that of BCG PSN, while BCG PSN not only accelerates the differentiation in thymus, but also has some direct stimulation to peripheral CD4 +T lymphocytes, and can maintain CD4 +/CD8 + ratio within normal range. So, BCG PSN is safer.
文摘BACKGROUND Some studies investigated the prognostic role of several blood biomarkers,including the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet/lymphocyte ratio(PLR),lymphocyte/monocyte ratio(LMR)and Glasgow prognostic score(GPS),in osteosarcoma,but their results were inconsistent with each other.AIM To identify the prognostic value of NLR,PLR,LMR and GPS in osteosarcoma patients through reviewing relevant studies.METHODS The PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science and CNKI databases were searched up to October 2,2021.The primary and second outcomes were overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS),respectively.The hazard ratios(HRs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were combined to assess the association between these indicators and prognosis of osteosarcoma patients.RESULTS A total of 13 studies involving 2087 patients were eventually included.The pooled results demonstrated that higher NLR and GPS were significantly associated with poorer OS(HR=1.88,95%CI:1.38-2.55,P<0.001;HR=2.19,95%CI:1.64-2.94,P<0.001)and DFS(HR=1.67,95%CI:1.37-2.04,P<0.001;HR=2.50,95%CI:1.39-4.48,P<0.001).However,no significant relationship of PLR and LMR and OS(P=0.085;P=0.338)and DFS(P=0.396;P=0.124)was observed.CONCLUSION Higher NLR and GPS were related with worse prognosis and might serve as novel prognostic indicators for osteosarcoma patients.
文摘Objective This study aimed to explore the combined prognostic value of pretreatment neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio(NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio(LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR) in newly diagnosed IE/IIE extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma(ENKTL) treated with a P-Gemox regimen combined with radiotherapy or radiotherapy alone.Methods A total of 132 patients from 2009 to 2017 at the Sichuan Cancer Hospital were enrolled in the study. The cutoff values of NLR, LMR, and PLR using overall survival(OS) rate as an endpoint were obtained by the receiver operating curve. Results The cutoff value of NLR was 3.5. Patients with high NLR had significantly shorter progressionfree survival(PFS)(P < 0.001) and OS(P < 0.001) than those with low NLR. Similarly, the cutoff value of LMR was 3.0. The high LMR group had significantly longer PFS(P=0.001) and OS(P < 0.001) than the low LMR group. Similarly, the cutoff value of PLR was 191.7. The high PLR group was significantly associated with poor PFS(P < 0.001) and OS(P < 0.001) than the low PLR group. Furthermore, combining NLR, LMR, and PLR to build a new model to stratify patients into low-, intermediate-, intermediate-high-, and high-risk groups, there were also significant differences in PFS(P < 0.001) and OS(P < 0.001). The univariate analysis showed that presenting B symptoms, stage IIE, local tumor invasion, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score ≥ 2, elevated lactate dehydrogenase level, elevated NLR, decreased LMR, and elevated PLR were significantly associated with poor survival. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that PLR was an independent prognostic factor for both PFS(hazard ratio [HR]= 2.073, 95% confidence interval [CI]= 1.080–3.981, P = 0.028) and OS(HR = 2.127, 95% CI = 1.102–4.107, P = 0.025).Conclusion Elevated pretreatment PLR was a novel simple predictor of poor survival in patients with stage IE/IIE ENKTL. Combining NLR, LMR, and PLR could provide additional stratification.
文摘Aim To investigate the chemical constituents from the twigs and leaves of Pithecellobium clypearia Benth and their immunomodulatory effects. Methods The constituents were separated and purified by various chromatographic methods and their structures were identified on the basis of spectral analysis. The immufiomodulatory effects of all the compounds were examined by a Con A-induced T lymphocytes proliferation assay. Results Eight compounds were isolated and identified as （-）- epigallocatechin （1）, （-）-5, 7, 3′, 4′, 5′-pentahydroxyflavan （2）, （-）-epigallocatechin-7-gallate （3）, （-）-5, 3′, 4′, 5′-tetrahydroxyfiavan- 7-gallate （4）, quercitin-3-O-α-L-rhamnpyranoside （5）, myricitin-3-O-α-L-rhamnpyranoside （6）, gallic acid （7）, and ethyl gallate （8）, respectively. Conclusion Compounds 3 and 8 were isolated from this genus for the first time, and compound 1 was isolated from this species for the first time. Compound 3 exhibited a strong inhibition on the T lymphocytes proliferation induced by Con A with an IC50 of 4.4 μmol·L^-1.
