Urban tree species provide various essential ecosystem services in cities,such as regulating urban temperatures,reducing noise,capturing carbon,and mitigating the urban heat island effect.The quality of these services...Urban tree species provide various essential ecosystem services in cities,such as regulating urban temperatures,reducing noise,capturing carbon,and mitigating the urban heat island effect.The quality of these services is influenced by species diversity,tree health,and the distribution and the composition of trees.Traditionally,data on urban trees has been collected through field surveys and manual interpretation of remote sensing images.In this study,we evaluated the effectiveness of multispectral airborne laser scanning(ALS)data in classifying 24 common urban roadside tree species in Espoo,Finland.Tree crown structure information,intensity features,and spectral data were used for classification.Eight different machine learning algorithms were tested,with the extra trees(ET)algorithm performing the best,achieving an overall accuracy of 71.7%using multispectral LiDAR data.This result highlights that integrating structural and spectral information within a single framework can improve the classification accuracy.Future research will focus on identifying the most important features for species classification and developing algorithms with greater efficiency and accuracy.展开更多
The cleanliness of seed cotton plays a critical role in the pre-treatment of cotton textiles,and the removal of impurity during the harvesting process directly determines the quality and market value of cotton textile...The cleanliness of seed cotton plays a critical role in the pre-treatment of cotton textiles,and the removal of impurity during the harvesting process directly determines the quality and market value of cotton textiles.By fusing band combination optimization with deep learning,this study aims to achieve more efficient and accurate detection of film impurities in seed cotton on the production line.By applying hyperspectral imaging and a one-dimensional deep learning algorithm,we detect and classify impurities in seed cotton after harvest.The main categories detected include pure cotton,conveyor belt,film covering seed cotton,and film adhered to the conveyor belt.The proposed method achieves an impurity detection rate of 99.698%.To further ensure the feasibility and practical application potential of this strategy,we compare our results against existing mainstream methods.In addition,the model shows excellent recognition performance on pseudo-color images of real samples.With a processing time of 11.764μs per pixel from experimental data,it shows a much improved speed requirement while maintaining the accuracy of real production lines.This strategy provides an accurate and efficient method for removing impurities during cotton processing.展开更多
Myocardial perfusion imaging(MPI),which uses single-photon emission computed tomography(SPECT),is a well-known estimating tool for medical diagnosis,employing the classification of images to show situations in coronar...Myocardial perfusion imaging(MPI),which uses single-photon emission computed tomography(SPECT),is a well-known estimating tool for medical diagnosis,employing the classification of images to show situations in coronary artery disease(CAD).The automatic classification of SPECT images for different techniques has achieved near-optimal accuracy when using convolutional neural networks(CNNs).This paper uses a SPECT classification framework with three steps:1)Image denoising,2)Attenuation correction,and 3)Image classification.Image denoising is done by a U-Net architecture that ensures effective image denoising.Attenuation correction is implemented by a convolution neural network model that can remove the attenuation that affects the feature extraction process of classification.Finally,a novel multi-scale diluted convolution(MSDC)network is proposed.It merges the features extracted in different scales and makes the model learn the features more efficiently.Three scales of filters with size 3×3 are used to extract features.All three steps are compared with state-of-the-art methods.The proposed denoising architecture ensures a high-quality image with the highest peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)value of 39.7.The proposed classification method is compared with the five different CNN models,and the proposed method ensures better classification with an accuracy of 96%,precision of 87%,sensitivity of 87%,specificity of 89%,and F1-score of 87%.To demonstrate the importance of preprocessing,the classification model was analyzed without denoising and attenuation correction.展开更多
Diagnosing cardiac diseases relies heavily on electrocardiogram(ECG)analysis,but detecting myocardial infarction-related arrhythmias remains challenging due to irregular heartbeats and signal variations.Despite advanc...Diagnosing cardiac diseases relies heavily on electrocardiogram(ECG)analysis,but detecting myocardial infarction-related arrhythmias remains challenging due to irregular heartbeats and signal variations.Despite advancements in machine learning,achieving both high accuracy and low computational cost for arrhythmia classification remains a critical issue.Computer-aided diagnosis systems can play a key role in early detection,reducing mortality rates associated with cardiac disorders.This study proposes a fully automated approach for ECG arrhythmia classification using deep learning and machine learning techniques to improve diagnostic accuracy while minimizing processing time.The methodology consists of three stages:1)preprocessing,where ECG signals undergo noise reduction and feature extraction;2)feature Identification,where deep convolutional neural network(CNN)blocks,combined with data augmentation and transfer learning,extract key parameters;3)classification,where a hybrid CNN-SVM model is employed for arrhythmia recognition.CNN-extracted features were fed into a binary support vector machine(SVM)classifier,and model performance was assessed using five-fold cross-validation.Experimental findings demonstrated that the CNN2 model achieved 85.52%accuracy,while the hybrid CNN2-SVM approach significantly improved accuracy to 97.33%,outperforming conventional methods.This model enhances classification efficiency while reducing computational complexity.The proposed approach bridges the gap between accuracy and processing speed in ECG arrhythmia classification,offering a promising solution for real-time clinical applications.Its superior performance compared to nonlinear classifiers highlights its potential for improving automated cardiac diagnosis.展开更多
In the era of precision medicine,the classification of diabetes mellitus has evolved beyond the traditional categories.Various classification methods now account for a multitude of factors,including variations in spec...In the era of precision medicine,the classification of diabetes mellitus has evolved beyond the traditional categories.Various classification methods now account for a multitude of factors,including variations in specific genes,type ofβ-cell impairment,degree of insulin resistance,and clinical characteristics of metabolic profiles.Improved classification methods enable healthcare providers to formulate blood glucose management strategies more precisely.Applying these updated classification systems,will assist clinicians in further optimising treatment plans,including targeted drug therapies,personalized dietary advice,and specific exercise plans.Ultimately,this will facilitate stricter blood glucose control,minimize the risks of hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia,and reduce long-term complications associated with diabetes.展开更多
In radiology,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is an essential diagnostic tool that provides detailed images of a patient’s anatomical and physiological structures.MRI is particularly effective for detecting soft tissue...In radiology,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is an essential diagnostic tool that provides detailed images of a patient’s anatomical and physiological structures.MRI is particularly effective for detecting soft tissue anomalies.Traditionally,radiologists manually interpret these images,which can be labor-intensive and time-consuming due to the vast amount of data.To address this challenge,machine learning,and deep learning approaches can be utilized to improve the accuracy and efficiency of anomaly detection in MRI scans.This manuscript presents the use of the Deep AlexNet50 model for MRI classification with discriminative learning methods.There are three stages for learning;in the first stage,the whole dataset is used to learn the features.In the second stage,some layers of AlexNet50 are frozen with an augmented dataset,and in the third stage,AlexNet50 with an augmented dataset with the augmented dataset.This method used three publicly available MRI classification datasets:Harvard whole brain atlas(HWBA-dataset),the School of Biomedical Engineering of Southern Medical University(SMU-dataset),and The National Institute of Neuroscience and Hospitals brain MRI dataset(NINS-dataset)for analysis.Various hyperparameter optimizers like Adam,stochastic gradient descent(SGD),Root mean square propagation(RMS prop),Adamax,and AdamW have been used to compare the performance of the learning process.HWBA-dataset registers maximum classification performance.We evaluated the performance of the proposed classification model using several quantitative metrics,achieving an average accuracy of 98%.展开更多
With the emphasis on user privacy and communication security, encrypted traffic has increased dramatically, which brings great challenges to traffic classification. The classification method of encrypted traffic based...With the emphasis on user privacy and communication security, encrypted traffic has increased dramatically, which brings great challenges to traffic classification. The classification method of encrypted traffic based on GNN can deal with encrypted traffic well. However, existing GNN-based approaches ignore the relationship between client or server packets. In this paper, we design a network traffic topology based on GCN, called Flow Mapping Graph (FMG). FMG establishes sequential edges between vertexes by the arrival order of packets and establishes jump-order edges between vertexes by connecting packets in different bursts with the same direction. It not only reflects the time characteristics of the packet but also strengthens the relationship between the client or server packets. According to FMG, a Traffic Mapping Classification model (TMC-GCN) is designed, which can automatically capture and learn the characteristics and structure information of the top vertex in FMG. The TMC-GCN model is used to classify the encrypted traffic. The encryption stream classification problem is transformed into a graph classification problem, which can effectively deal with data from different data sources and application scenarios. By comparing the performance of TMC-GCN with other classical models in four public datasets, including CICIOT2023, ISCXVPN2016, CICAAGM2017, and GraphDapp, the effectiveness of the FMG algorithm is verified. The experimental results show that the accuracy rate of the TMC-GCN model is 96.13%, the recall rate is 95.04%, and the F1 rate is 94.54%.展开更多
Many fields,such as neuroscience,are experiencing the vast prolife ration of cellular data,underscoring the need fo r organizing and interpreting large datasets.A popular approach partitions data into manageable subse...Many fields,such as neuroscience,are experiencing the vast prolife ration of cellular data,underscoring the need fo r organizing and interpreting large datasets.A popular approach partitions data into manageable subsets via hierarchical clustering,but objective methods to determine the appropriate classification granularity are missing.We recently introduced a technique to systematically identify when to stop subdividing clusters based on the fundamental principle that cells must differ more between than within clusters.Here we present the corresponding protocol to classify cellular datasets by combining datadriven unsupervised hierarchical clustering with statistical testing.These general-purpose functions are applicable to any cellular dataset that can be organized as two-dimensional matrices of numerical values,including molecula r,physiological,and anatomical datasets.We demonstrate the protocol using cellular data from the Janelia MouseLight project to chara cterize morphological aspects of neurons.展开更多
Machine learning(ML)is increasingly applied for medical image processing with appropriate learning paradigms.These applications include analyzing images of various organs,such as the brain,lung,eye,etc.,to identify sp...Machine learning(ML)is increasingly applied for medical image processing with appropriate learning paradigms.These applications include analyzing images of various organs,such as the brain,lung,eye,etc.,to identify specific flaws/diseases for diagnosis.The primary concern of ML applications is the precise selection of flexible image features for pattern detection and region classification.Most of the extracted image features are irrelevant and lead to an increase in computation time.Therefore,this article uses an analytical learning paradigm to design a Congruent Feature Selection Method to select the most relevant image features.This process trains the learning paradigm using similarity and correlation-based features over different textural intensities and pixel distributions.The similarity between the pixels over the various distribution patterns with high indexes is recommended for disease diagnosis.Later,the correlation based on intensity and distribution is analyzed to improve the feature selection congruency.Therefore,the more congruent pixels are sorted in the descending order of the selection,which identifies better regions than the distribution.Now,the learning paradigm is trained using intensity and region-based similarity to maximize the chances of selection.Therefore,the probability of feature selection,regardless of the textures and medical image patterns,is improved.This process enhances the performance of ML applications for different medical image processing.The proposed method improves the accuracy,precision,and training rate by 13.19%,10.69%,and 11.06%,respectively,compared to other models for the selected dataset.The mean error and selection time is also reduced by 12.56%and 13.56%,respectively,compared to the same models and dataset.展开更多
With the widespread use of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy,more and more gastric polyps(GPs)are being detected.Traditional management strategies often rely on histopathologic examination,which can be time-consuming a...With the widespread use of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy,more and more gastric polyps(GPs)are being detected.Traditional management strategies often rely on histopathologic examination,which can be time-consuming and may not guide immediate clinical decisions.This paper aims to introduce a novel classification system for GPs based on their potential risk of malignant transformation,categorizing them as"good","bad",and"ugly".A review of the literature and clinical case analysis were conducted to explore the clinical implications,management strategies,and the system's application in endoscopic practice.Good polyps,mainly including fundic gland polyps and inflammatory fibrous polyps,have a low risk of malignancy and typically require minimal or no intervention.Bad polyps,mainly including hyperplastic polyps and adenomas,pose an intermediate risk of malignancy,necessitating closer monitoring or removal.Ugly polyps,mainly including type 3 neuroendocrine tumors and early gastric cancer,indicate a high potential for malignancy and require urgent and comprehensive treatment.The new classification system provides a simplified and practical framework for diagnosing and managing GPs,improving diagnostic accuracy,guiding individualized treatment,and promoting advancements in endoscopic techniques.Despite some challenges,such as the risk of misclassification due to similar endoscopic appearances,this system is essential for the standardized management of GPs.It also lays the foundation for future research into biomarkers and the development of personalized medicine.展开更多
In response to the scarcity of infrared aircraft samples and the tendency of traditional deep learning to overfit,a few-shot infrared aircraft classification method based on cross-correlation networks is proposed.This...In response to the scarcity of infrared aircraft samples and the tendency of traditional deep learning to overfit,a few-shot infrared aircraft classification method based on cross-correlation networks is proposed.This method combines two core modules:a simple parameter-free self-attention and cross-attention.By analyzing the self-correlation and cross-correlation between support images and query images,it achieves effective classification of infrared aircraft under few-shot conditions.The proposed cross-correlation network integrates these two modules and is trained in an end-to-end manner.The simple parameter-free self-attention is responsible for extracting the internal structure of the image while the cross-attention can calculate the cross-correlation between images further extracting and fusing the features between images.Compared with existing few-shot infrared target classification models,this model focuses on the geometric structure and thermal texture information of infrared images by modeling the semantic relevance between the features of the support set and query set,thus better attending to the target objects.Experimental results show that this method outperforms existing infrared aircraft classification methods in various classification tasks,with the highest classification accuracy improvement exceeding 3%.In addition,ablation experiments and comparative experiments also prove the effectiveness of the method.展开更多
In this paper,we propose hierarchical attention dual network(DNet)for fine-grained image classification.The DNet can randomly select pairs of inputs from the dataset and compare the differences between them through hi...In this paper,we propose hierarchical attention dual network(DNet)for fine-grained image classification.The DNet can randomly select pairs of inputs from the dataset and compare the differences between them through hierarchical attention feature learning,which are used simultaneously to remove noise and retain salient features.In the loss function,it considers the losses of difference in paired images according to the intra-variance and inter-variance.In addition,we also collect the disaster scene dataset from remote sensing images and apply the proposed method to disaster scene classification,which contains complex scenes and multiple types of disasters.Compared to other methods,experimental results show that the DNet with hierarchical attention is robust to different datasets and performs better.展开更多
The World Wide Web provides a wealth of information about everything, including contemporary audio and visual art events, which are discussed on media outlets, blogs, and specialized websites alike. This information m...The World Wide Web provides a wealth of information about everything, including contemporary audio and visual art events, which are discussed on media outlets, blogs, and specialized websites alike. This information may become a robust source of real-world data, which may form the basis of an objective data-driven analysis. In this study, a methodology for collecting information about audio and visual art events in an automated manner from a large array of websites is presented in detail. This process uses cutting edge Semantic Web, Web Search and Generative AI technologies to convert website documents into a collection of structured data. The value of the methodology is demonstrated by creating a large dataset concerning audiovisual events in Greece. The collected information includes event characteristics, estimated metrics based on their text descriptions, outreach metrics based on the media that reported them, and a multi-layered classification of these events based on their type, subjects and methods used. This dataset is openly provided to the general and academic public through a Web application. Moreover, each event’s outreach is evaluated using these quantitative metrics, the results are analyzed with an emphasis on classification popularity and useful conclusions are drawn concerning the importance of artistic subjects, methods, and media.展开更多
Disease identification for fruits and leaves in the field of agriculture is important for estimating production,crop yield,and earnings for farmers.In the specific case of pomegranates,this is challenging because of t...Disease identification for fruits and leaves in the field of agriculture is important for estimating production,crop yield,and earnings for farmers.In the specific case of pomegranates,this is challenging because of the wide range of possible diseases and their effects on the plant and the crop.This study presents an adaptive histogram-based method for solving this problem.Our method describe is domain independent in the sense that it can be easily and efficiently adapted to other similar smart agriculture tasks.The approach explores colour spaces,namely,Red,Green,and Blue along with Grey.The histograms of colour spaces and grey space are analysed based on the notion that as the disease changes,the colour also changes.The proximity between the histograms of grey images with individual colour spaces is estimated to find the closeness of images.Since the grey image is the average of colour spaces(R,G,and B),it can be considered a reference image.For estimating the distance between grey and colour spaces,the proposed approach uses a Chi-Square distance measure.Further,the method uses an Artificial Neural Network for classification.The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated by testing on a dataset of fruit and leaf images affected by different diseases.The results show that the method outperforms existing techniques in terms of average classification rate.展开更多
In this study,eight different varieties of maize seeds were used as the research objects.Conduct 81 types of combined preprocessing on the original spectra.Through comparison,Savitzky-Golay(SG)-multivariate scattering...In this study,eight different varieties of maize seeds were used as the research objects.Conduct 81 types of combined preprocessing on the original spectra.Through comparison,Savitzky-Golay(SG)-multivariate scattering correction(MSC)-maximum-minimum normalization(MN)was identified as the optimal preprocessing technique.The competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS),successive projections algorithm(SPA),and their combined methods were employed to extract feature wavelengths.Classification models based on back propagation(BP),support vector machine(SVM),random forest(RF),and partial least squares(PLS)were established using full-band data and feature wavelengths.Among all models,the(CARS-SPA)-BP model achieved the highest accuracy rate of 98.44%.This study offers novel insights and methodologies for the rapid and accurate identification of corn seeds as well as other crop seeds.展开更多
Objective To provide a theoretical basis for the adjustment of the registration classification of China’s biological products,and to establish a continuously improved registration classification system.Methods Based ...Objective To provide a theoretical basis for the adjustment of the registration classification of China’s biological products,and to establish a continuously improved registration classification system.Methods Based on literature research,the specific classification methods,classification principles and considerations of biological registration in China,the United States and the European Union were studied to form a complete comparative analysis.Results and Conclusion It is recommended that the division between therapeutic and preventive use should be removed from the registration classification of biologics.The therapeutic,preventive and diagnostic use of the product should be limited as part of the product specification,and the registration should be classified according to the development of biotechnology,innovation,modification and bio-similar drugs.In addition,the supervision of registration of advanced therapeutic products should be different from that of traditional biologics.展开更多
In the context of the rapid development of digital education,the security of educational data has become an increasing concern.This paper explores strategies for the classification and grading of educational data,and ...In the context of the rapid development of digital education,the security of educational data has become an increasing concern.This paper explores strategies for the classification and grading of educational data,and constructs a higher educational data security management and control model centered on the integration of medical and educational data.By implementing a multi-dimensional strategy of dynamic classification,real-time authorization,and secure execution through educational data security levels,dynamic access control is applied to effectively enhance the security and controllability of educational data,providing a secure foundation for data sharing and openness.展开更多
文摘Urban tree species provide various essential ecosystem services in cities,such as regulating urban temperatures,reducing noise,capturing carbon,and mitigating the urban heat island effect.The quality of these services is influenced by species diversity,tree health,and the distribution and the composition of trees.Traditionally,data on urban trees has been collected through field surveys and manual interpretation of remote sensing images.In this study,we evaluated the effectiveness of multispectral airborne laser scanning(ALS)data in classifying 24 common urban roadside tree species in Espoo,Finland.Tree crown structure information,intensity features,and spectral data were used for classification.Eight different machine learning algorithms were tested,with the extra trees(ET)algorithm performing the best,achieving an overall accuracy of 71.7%using multispectral LiDAR data.This result highlights that integrating structural and spectral information within a single framework can improve the classification accuracy.Future research will focus on identifying the most important features for species classification and developing algorithms with greater efficiency and accuracy.
基金supported in part by the Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province under Grant 013040315in part by the China Textile Industry Federation Science and Technology Guidance Project under Grant 2017107+1 种基金in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 31570714in part by the China Scholarship Council under Grant 202108320290。
文摘The cleanliness of seed cotton plays a critical role in the pre-treatment of cotton textiles,and the removal of impurity during the harvesting process directly determines the quality and market value of cotton textiles.By fusing band combination optimization with deep learning,this study aims to achieve more efficient and accurate detection of film impurities in seed cotton on the production line.By applying hyperspectral imaging and a one-dimensional deep learning algorithm,we detect and classify impurities in seed cotton after harvest.The main categories detected include pure cotton,conveyor belt,film covering seed cotton,and film adhered to the conveyor belt.The proposed method achieves an impurity detection rate of 99.698%.To further ensure the feasibility and practical application potential of this strategy,we compare our results against existing mainstream methods.In addition,the model shows excellent recognition performance on pseudo-color images of real samples.With a processing time of 11.764μs per pixel from experimental data,it shows a much improved speed requirement while maintaining the accuracy of real production lines.This strategy provides an accurate and efficient method for removing impurities during cotton processing.
基金the Research Grant of Kwangwoon University in 2024.
文摘Myocardial perfusion imaging(MPI),which uses single-photon emission computed tomography(SPECT),is a well-known estimating tool for medical diagnosis,employing the classification of images to show situations in coronary artery disease(CAD).The automatic classification of SPECT images for different techniques has achieved near-optimal accuracy when using convolutional neural networks(CNNs).This paper uses a SPECT classification framework with three steps:1)Image denoising,2)Attenuation correction,and 3)Image classification.Image denoising is done by a U-Net architecture that ensures effective image denoising.Attenuation correction is implemented by a convolution neural network model that can remove the attenuation that affects the feature extraction process of classification.Finally,a novel multi-scale diluted convolution(MSDC)network is proposed.It merges the features extracted in different scales and makes the model learn the features more efficiently.Three scales of filters with size 3×3 are used to extract features.All three steps are compared with state-of-the-art methods.The proposed denoising architecture ensures a high-quality image with the highest peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)value of 39.7.The proposed classification method is compared with the five different CNN models,and the proposed method ensures better classification with an accuracy of 96%,precision of 87%,sensitivity of 87%,specificity of 89%,and F1-score of 87%.To demonstrate the importance of preprocessing,the classification model was analyzed without denoising and attenuation correction.
文摘Diagnosing cardiac diseases relies heavily on electrocardiogram(ECG)analysis,but detecting myocardial infarction-related arrhythmias remains challenging due to irregular heartbeats and signal variations.Despite advancements in machine learning,achieving both high accuracy and low computational cost for arrhythmia classification remains a critical issue.Computer-aided diagnosis systems can play a key role in early detection,reducing mortality rates associated with cardiac disorders.This study proposes a fully automated approach for ECG arrhythmia classification using deep learning and machine learning techniques to improve diagnostic accuracy while minimizing processing time.The methodology consists of three stages:1)preprocessing,where ECG signals undergo noise reduction and feature extraction;2)feature Identification,where deep convolutional neural network(CNN)blocks,combined with data augmentation and transfer learning,extract key parameters;3)classification,where a hybrid CNN-SVM model is employed for arrhythmia recognition.CNN-extracted features were fed into a binary support vector machine(SVM)classifier,and model performance was assessed using five-fold cross-validation.Experimental findings demonstrated that the CNN2 model achieved 85.52%accuracy,while the hybrid CNN2-SVM approach significantly improved accuracy to 97.33%,outperforming conventional methods.This model enhances classification efficiency while reducing computational complexity.The proposed approach bridges the gap between accuracy and processing speed in ECG arrhythmia classification,offering a promising solution for real-time clinical applications.Its superior performance compared to nonlinear classifiers highlights its potential for improving automated cardiac diagnosis.
文摘In the era of precision medicine,the classification of diabetes mellitus has evolved beyond the traditional categories.Various classification methods now account for a multitude of factors,including variations in specific genes,type ofβ-cell impairment,degree of insulin resistance,and clinical characteristics of metabolic profiles.Improved classification methods enable healthcare providers to formulate blood glucose management strategies more precisely.Applying these updated classification systems,will assist clinicians in further optimising treatment plans,including targeted drug therapies,personalized dietary advice,and specific exercise plans.Ultimately,this will facilitate stricter blood glucose control,minimize the risks of hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia,and reduce long-term complications associated with diabetes.
文摘In radiology,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is an essential diagnostic tool that provides detailed images of a patient’s anatomical and physiological structures.MRI is particularly effective for detecting soft tissue anomalies.Traditionally,radiologists manually interpret these images,which can be labor-intensive and time-consuming due to the vast amount of data.To address this challenge,machine learning,and deep learning approaches can be utilized to improve the accuracy and efficiency of anomaly detection in MRI scans.This manuscript presents the use of the Deep AlexNet50 model for MRI classification with discriminative learning methods.There are three stages for learning;in the first stage,the whole dataset is used to learn the features.In the second stage,some layers of AlexNet50 are frozen with an augmented dataset,and in the third stage,AlexNet50 with an augmented dataset with the augmented dataset.This method used three publicly available MRI classification datasets:Harvard whole brain atlas(HWBA-dataset),the School of Biomedical Engineering of Southern Medical University(SMU-dataset),and The National Institute of Neuroscience and Hospitals brain MRI dataset(NINS-dataset)for analysis.Various hyperparameter optimizers like Adam,stochastic gradient descent(SGD),Root mean square propagation(RMS prop),Adamax,and AdamW have been used to compare the performance of the learning process.HWBA-dataset registers maximum classification performance.We evaluated the performance of the proposed classification model using several quantitative metrics,achieving an average accuracy of 98%.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China No.2023YFA1009500.
文摘With the emphasis on user privacy and communication security, encrypted traffic has increased dramatically, which brings great challenges to traffic classification. The classification method of encrypted traffic based on GNN can deal with encrypted traffic well. However, existing GNN-based approaches ignore the relationship between client or server packets. In this paper, we design a network traffic topology based on GCN, called Flow Mapping Graph (FMG). FMG establishes sequential edges between vertexes by the arrival order of packets and establishes jump-order edges between vertexes by connecting packets in different bursts with the same direction. It not only reflects the time characteristics of the packet but also strengthens the relationship between the client or server packets. According to FMG, a Traffic Mapping Classification model (TMC-GCN) is designed, which can automatically capture and learn the characteristics and structure information of the top vertex in FMG. The TMC-GCN model is used to classify the encrypted traffic. The encryption stream classification problem is transformed into a graph classification problem, which can effectively deal with data from different data sources and application scenarios. By comparing the performance of TMC-GCN with other classical models in four public datasets, including CICIOT2023, ISCXVPN2016, CICAAGM2017, and GraphDapp, the effectiveness of the FMG algorithm is verified. The experimental results show that the accuracy rate of the TMC-GCN model is 96.13%, the recall rate is 95.04%, and the F1 rate is 94.54%.
基金supported in part by NIH grants R01NS39600,U01MH114829RF1MH128693(to GAA)。
文摘Many fields,such as neuroscience,are experiencing the vast prolife ration of cellular data,underscoring the need fo r organizing and interpreting large datasets.A popular approach partitions data into manageable subsets via hierarchical clustering,but objective methods to determine the appropriate classification granularity are missing.We recently introduced a technique to systematically identify when to stop subdividing clusters based on the fundamental principle that cells must differ more between than within clusters.Here we present the corresponding protocol to classify cellular datasets by combining datadriven unsupervised hierarchical clustering with statistical testing.These general-purpose functions are applicable to any cellular dataset that can be organized as two-dimensional matrices of numerical values,including molecula r,physiological,and anatomical datasets.We demonstrate the protocol using cellular data from the Janelia MouseLight project to chara cterize morphological aspects of neurons.
基金the Deanship of Scientifc Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through large group Research Project under grant number RGP2/421/45supported via funding from Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University project number(PSAU/2024/R/1446)+1 种基金supported by theResearchers Supporting Project Number(UM-DSR-IG-2023-07)Almaarefa University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(No.2021R1F1A1055408).
文摘Machine learning(ML)is increasingly applied for medical image processing with appropriate learning paradigms.These applications include analyzing images of various organs,such as the brain,lung,eye,etc.,to identify specific flaws/diseases for diagnosis.The primary concern of ML applications is the precise selection of flexible image features for pattern detection and region classification.Most of the extracted image features are irrelevant and lead to an increase in computation time.Therefore,this article uses an analytical learning paradigm to design a Congruent Feature Selection Method to select the most relevant image features.This process trains the learning paradigm using similarity and correlation-based features over different textural intensities and pixel distributions.The similarity between the pixels over the various distribution patterns with high indexes is recommended for disease diagnosis.Later,the correlation based on intensity and distribution is analyzed to improve the feature selection congruency.Therefore,the more congruent pixels are sorted in the descending order of the selection,which identifies better regions than the distribution.Now,the learning paradigm is trained using intensity and region-based similarity to maximize the chances of selection.Therefore,the probability of feature selection,regardless of the textures and medical image patterns,is improved.This process enhances the performance of ML applications for different medical image processing.The proposed method improves the accuracy,precision,and training rate by 13.19%,10.69%,and 11.06%,respectively,compared to other models for the selected dataset.The mean error and selection time is also reduced by 12.56%and 13.56%,respectively,compared to the same models and dataset.
文摘With the widespread use of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy,more and more gastric polyps(GPs)are being detected.Traditional management strategies often rely on histopathologic examination,which can be time-consuming and may not guide immediate clinical decisions.This paper aims to introduce a novel classification system for GPs based on their potential risk of malignant transformation,categorizing them as"good","bad",and"ugly".A review of the literature and clinical case analysis were conducted to explore the clinical implications,management strategies,and the system's application in endoscopic practice.Good polyps,mainly including fundic gland polyps and inflammatory fibrous polyps,have a low risk of malignancy and typically require minimal or no intervention.Bad polyps,mainly including hyperplastic polyps and adenomas,pose an intermediate risk of malignancy,necessitating closer monitoring or removal.Ugly polyps,mainly including type 3 neuroendocrine tumors and early gastric cancer,indicate a high potential for malignancy and require urgent and comprehensive treatment.The new classification system provides a simplified and practical framework for diagnosing and managing GPs,improving diagnostic accuracy,guiding individualized treatment,and promoting advancements in endoscopic techniques.Despite some challenges,such as the risk of misclassification due to similar endoscopic appearances,this system is essential for the standardized management of GPs.It also lays the foundation for future research into biomarkers and the development of personalized medicine.
基金Supported by the National Pre-research Program during the 14th Five-Year Plan(514010405)。
文摘In response to the scarcity of infrared aircraft samples and the tendency of traditional deep learning to overfit,a few-shot infrared aircraft classification method based on cross-correlation networks is proposed.This method combines two core modules:a simple parameter-free self-attention and cross-attention.By analyzing the self-correlation and cross-correlation between support images and query images,it achieves effective classification of infrared aircraft under few-shot conditions.The proposed cross-correlation network integrates these two modules and is trained in an end-to-end manner.The simple parameter-free self-attention is responsible for extracting the internal structure of the image while the cross-attention can calculate the cross-correlation between images further extracting and fusing the features between images.Compared with existing few-shot infrared target classification models,this model focuses on the geometric structure and thermal texture information of infrared images by modeling the semantic relevance between the features of the support set and query set,thus better attending to the target objects.Experimental results show that this method outperforms existing infrared aircraft classification methods in various classification tasks,with the highest classification accuracy improvement exceeding 3%.In addition,ablation experiments and comparative experiments also prove the effectiveness of the method.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61601176)。
文摘In this paper,we propose hierarchical attention dual network(DNet)for fine-grained image classification.The DNet can randomly select pairs of inputs from the dataset and compare the differences between them through hierarchical attention feature learning,which are used simultaneously to remove noise and retain salient features.In the loss function,it considers the losses of difference in paired images according to the intra-variance and inter-variance.In addition,we also collect the disaster scene dataset from remote sensing images and apply the proposed method to disaster scene classification,which contains complex scenes and multiple types of disasters.Compared to other methods,experimental results show that the DNet with hierarchical attention is robust to different datasets and performs better.
文摘The World Wide Web provides a wealth of information about everything, including contemporary audio and visual art events, which are discussed on media outlets, blogs, and specialized websites alike. This information may become a robust source of real-world data, which may form the basis of an objective data-driven analysis. In this study, a methodology for collecting information about audio and visual art events in an automated manner from a large array of websites is presented in detail. This process uses cutting edge Semantic Web, Web Search and Generative AI technologies to convert website documents into a collection of structured data. The value of the methodology is demonstrated by creating a large dataset concerning audiovisual events in Greece. The collected information includes event characteristics, estimated metrics based on their text descriptions, outreach metrics based on the media that reported them, and a multi-layered classification of these events based on their type, subjects and methods used. This dataset is openly provided to the general and academic public through a Web application. Moreover, each event’s outreach is evaluated using these quantitative metrics, the results are analyzed with an emphasis on classification popularity and useful conclusions are drawn concerning the importance of artistic subjects, methods, and media.
文摘Disease identification for fruits and leaves in the field of agriculture is important for estimating production,crop yield,and earnings for farmers.In the specific case of pomegranates,this is challenging because of the wide range of possible diseases and their effects on the plant and the crop.This study presents an adaptive histogram-based method for solving this problem.Our method describe is domain independent in the sense that it can be easily and efficiently adapted to other similar smart agriculture tasks.The approach explores colour spaces,namely,Red,Green,and Blue along with Grey.The histograms of colour spaces and grey space are analysed based on the notion that as the disease changes,the colour also changes.The proximity between the histograms of grey images with individual colour spaces is estimated to find the closeness of images.Since the grey image is the average of colour spaces(R,G,and B),it can be considered a reference image.For estimating the distance between grey and colour spaces,the proposed approach uses a Chi-Square distance measure.Further,the method uses an Artificial Neural Network for classification.The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated by testing on a dataset of fruit and leaf images affected by different diseases.The results show that the method outperforms existing techniques in terms of average classification rate.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology (No.20220203112S)the Jilin Provincial Department of Education Science and Technology Research Project (No.JJKH20210039KJ)。
文摘In this study,eight different varieties of maize seeds were used as the research objects.Conduct 81 types of combined preprocessing on the original spectra.Through comparison,Savitzky-Golay(SG)-multivariate scattering correction(MSC)-maximum-minimum normalization(MN)was identified as the optimal preprocessing technique.The competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS),successive projections algorithm(SPA),and their combined methods were employed to extract feature wavelengths.Classification models based on back propagation(BP),support vector machine(SVM),random forest(RF),and partial least squares(PLS)were established using full-band data and feature wavelengths.Among all models,the(CARS-SPA)-BP model achieved the highest accuracy rate of 98.44%.This study offers novel insights and methodologies for the rapid and accurate identification of corn seeds as well as other crop seeds.
文摘Objective To provide a theoretical basis for the adjustment of the registration classification of China’s biological products,and to establish a continuously improved registration classification system.Methods Based on literature research,the specific classification methods,classification principles and considerations of biological registration in China,the United States and the European Union were studied to form a complete comparative analysis.Results and Conclusion It is recommended that the division between therapeutic and preventive use should be removed from the registration classification of biologics.The therapeutic,preventive and diagnostic use of the product should be limited as part of the product specification,and the registration should be classified according to the development of biotechnology,innovation,modification and bio-similar drugs.In addition,the supervision of registration of advanced therapeutic products should be different from that of traditional biologics.
基金supported by:the 2023 Basic Public Welfare Research Project of the Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau“Research on Multi-Source Data Classification and Grading Standards and Intelligent Algorithms for Higher Education Institutions”(Project No.G2023094)Major Humanities and Social Sciences Research Projects in Zhejiang higher education institutions(Grant/Award Number:2024QN061)2023 Basic Public Welfare Research Project of Wenzhou(No.:S2023014).
文摘In the context of the rapid development of digital education,the security of educational data has become an increasing concern.This paper explores strategies for the classification and grading of educational data,and constructs a higher educational data security management and control model centered on the integration of medical and educational data.By implementing a multi-dimensional strategy of dynamic classification,real-time authorization,and secure execution through educational data security levels,dynamic access control is applied to effectively enhance the security and controllability of educational data,providing a secure foundation for data sharing and openness.
