Industrial ebullated-bed is an important device for promoting the cleaning and upgrading of oil products. The lumped kinetic model is a powerful tool for predicting the product yield of the ebullated-bed residue hydro...Industrial ebullated-bed is an important device for promoting the cleaning and upgrading of oil products. The lumped kinetic model is a powerful tool for predicting the product yield of the ebullated-bed residue hydrogenation (EBRH) unit, However, during the long-term operation of the device, there are phenomena such as low frequency of material property analysis leading to limited operating data and diverse operating modes at the same time scale, which poses a huge challenge to building an accurate product yield prediction model. To address these challenges, a data augmentation-based eleven lumped reaction kinetics mechanism model was constructed. This model combines generative adversarial networks, outlier elimination, and L2 norm data filtering to expand the dataset and utilizes kernel principal component analysis-fuzzy C-means for operating condition partitioning. Based on the hydrogenation reaction mechanism, a single and sub operating condition eleven lumped reaction kinetics model of an ebullated-bed residue hydrogenation unit, comprising 55 reaction paths and 110 parameters, was constructed before and after data augmentation. Compared to the single model before data enhancement, the average absolute error of the sub-models under data enhancement division was reduced by 23%. Thus, these findings can help guide the operation and optimization of the production process.展开更多
Design of a miniaturized lumped-element bandpass filter in multilayer liquid crystal polymer technology is proposed.Fractional bandwidth of the bandpass filter is 20%,operating at a center frequency of 500 MHz.In orde...Design of a miniaturized lumped-element bandpass filter in multilayer liquid crystal polymer technology is proposed.Fractional bandwidth of the bandpass filter is 20%,operating at a center frequency of 500 MHz.In order to further reduce the size and improve the performance of the proposed filter,defected ground structure(DGS)has been implemented in the filter.Based on this structure,the volume of the inductor is reduced by 60%eficiently compared with the inductor without DGS,and the Q-factor is increased up to 257%compared with the traditional multilayer spiral inductor.The measured results indicate that the designed filter has a very sharp stopband,an insertion loss of 2.3dB,and a return loss of 18.6dB in the passband.The whole volume of the fabricated filter is 0.032入_(g)×0.05入_(g)×0.00075入_(g),where Ag is the guided wavelength of the center frequency.The proposed filter is easily integrated into radio-frequency/microwave circuitry at a low manufacturing cost,especially wireless communication.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to simulate and study the early moments of the reactive ballistics of a large caliber projectile fired from a gun,combining 0D and 2D axisymmetric Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)approaches.F...The aim of this paper is to simulate and study the early moments of the reactive ballistics of a large caliber projectile fired from a gun,combining 0D and 2D axisymmetric Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)approaches.First,the methodology is introduced with the development of an interior ballistics(IB)lumped parameter code(LPC),integrating an original image processing method for calculating the specific regression of propellant grains that compose the gun propellant.The ONERA CFD code CEDRE,equipped with a Dynamic Mesh Technique(DMT),is then used in conjunction with the developed LPC to build a dedicated methodology to calculate IB.First results obtained on the AGARD gun and 40 mm gun test cases are in a good agreement with the existing literature.CEDRE is also used to calculate inter-mediate ballistics(first milliseconds of free flight of the projectile)with a multispecies and reactive approach either starting from the gun muzzle plane or directly following IB.In the latter case,an inverse problem involving a Latin hypercube sampling method is used to find a gun propellant configuration that allows the projectile to reach a given exit velocity and base pressure when IB ends.The methodology developed in this work makes it possible to study the flame front of the intermediate flash and depressurization that occurs in a base bleed(BB)channel at the gun muzzle.Average pressure variations in the BB channel during depressurization are in good agreement with literature.展开更多
Topological states realized in metamaterials have provided a versatile platform for exploring topological physics and enabling novel applications,with topolectrical circuits emerging as a prominent example.However,pre...Topological states realized in metamaterials have provided a versatile platform for exploring topological physics and enabling novel applications,with topolectrical circuits emerging as a prominent example.However,previous research in this feld has primarily focused on lumped-element implementations,while non-lumped microwave circuits remain relatively underexplored.In this work,we design and investigate a one-dimensional non-lumped Su–Schriefer–Heeger topolectrical circuit composed of copper parallel-plate transmission lines and inductors,ofering compatibility with integrated microwave applications.Full-wave microwave simulations in the 0–10 GHz range show excellent agreement with theoretical predictions.The impedance spectrum of a fveunit-cell system displays periodic resonant passbands and stopbands corresponding to bulk states,while distinct high-Q(on the order of 10^(2))topological boundary resonances(TBRs)emerge within the stopbands,indicating the presence of localized edge states.Furthermore,the TBRs vanish when the system is reconfgured into the trivial phase,providing direct evidence of its topological nature.These response characteristics make the proposed resonator a promising candidate for future microwave devices and topological circuit applications.展开更多
本文应用Hirota双线性方法探讨了(2 + 1)维Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli (BLMP)方程的解及其相互作用。该方法的一个特点是使用对数变换将方程转化为双线性形式,且我们在对数变换中引入了非零常数。本文分析了1-lump波分别与1-kink孤波...本文应用Hirota双线性方法探讨了(2 + 1)维Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli (BLMP)方程的解及其相互作用。该方法的一个特点是使用对数变换将方程转化为双线性形式,且我们在对数变换中引入了非零常数。本文分析了1-lump波分别与1-kink孤波和2-kink孤波之间的相互作用,揭示了它们的弹性和共振碰撞行为。为了进一步说明这些解的特征,我们利用Mathematica软件提供了详细的三维图示结果。In this study, we investigate the (2 + 1)-dimensional Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli equations using the Hirota bilinear method. A feature of our approach is the use of a logarithmic transformation to convert the equation into bilinear form with the introduction of a nonzero constant in the transformation. We analyze the interaction dynamics of lump solutions with one and two kink solitons, revealing their elastic and resonant collision behaviors. To further illustrate the characteristics of these solutions, we provide detailed 3D plots using the Mathematica software.展开更多
In this paper,we mainly focus on proving the existence of lump solutions to a generalized(3+1)-dimensional nonlinear differential equation.Hirota’s bilinear method and a quadratic function method are employed to deri...In this paper,we mainly focus on proving the existence of lump solutions to a generalized(3+1)-dimensional nonlinear differential equation.Hirota’s bilinear method and a quadratic function method are employed to derive the lump solutions localized in the whole plane for a(3+1)-dimensional nonlinear differential equation.Three examples of such a nonlinear equation are presented to investigate the exact expressions of the lump solutions.Moreover,the 3d plots and corresponding density plots of the solutions are given to show the space structures of the lump waves.In addition,the breath-wave solutions and several interaction solutions of the(3+1)-dimensional nonlinear differential equation are obtained and their dynamics are analyzed.展开更多
By employing the Hirota’s bilinear method and different test functions, the breather solutions of HSI equation with different structures are obtained based on symbolic calculation with perturbation parameters. Some n...By employing the Hirota’s bilinear method and different test functions, the breather solutions of HSI equation with different structures are obtained based on symbolic calculation with perturbation parameters. Some new lump solitons are found in the process of studying the degradation behavior of breather solutions. The interaction between lump solution and soliton solution is constructed in the form of lump solution, and the motion trajectory of lump is obtained. In addition, the theorem of lump solitons and N-solitons superposition is given and proved. The superposition formula of lump is derived from the theorem, and its spatial evolution behavior is given.展开更多
In this manuscript,a reduced(3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation is studied.We first construct the bilinear formalism of the equation by using the binary Bell polynomials theory,then explore a lump solution ...In this manuscript,a reduced(3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation is studied.We first construct the bilinear formalism of the equation by using the binary Bell polynomials theory,then explore a lump solution to the special case for z=x.Furthermore,a more general form of lump solution of the equation is found which possesses seven arbitrary parameters and four constraint conditions.By cutting the lump by the induced soliton(s),lumpoff and instanton/rogue wave solutions are also constructed by the more general form of lump solution.展开更多
We study a simplified(3+1)-dimensional model equation and construct a lump solution for the special case of z=y using the Hirota bilinear method.Then,a more general form of lump solution is constructed,which contains ...We study a simplified(3+1)-dimensional model equation and construct a lump solution for the special case of z=y using the Hirota bilinear method.Then,a more general form of lump solution is constructed,which contains more arbitrary autocephalous parameters.In addition,a lumpoff solution is also derived based on the general lump solutions and a stripe soliton.Furthermore,we figure out instanton/rogue wave solutions via introducing two stripe solitons.Finally,one can better illustrate these propagation phenomena of these solutions by analyzing images.展开更多
For a variable coefficient Kadomtsev-Petviashvili(KP)equation the Lax pair as well as conjugate Lax pair are derived from the Painleve analysis.The N-fold binary Darboux transformation is presented in a compact form.A...For a variable coefficient Kadomtsev-Petviashvili(KP)equation the Lax pair as well as conjugate Lax pair are derived from the Painleve analysis.The N-fold binary Darboux transformation is presented in a compact form.As an application,the multi-lump,higher-order lump and general lump-soliton interaction solutions for the variable coefficient KP equation are obtained.Typical lump structures with amplitudes exponentially decaying to zero as the time tends to infinity and interactions between one lump and one soliton are shown.展开更多
In this paper, we investigate a(2+1)-dimensional generalized Konopelchenko-Dubrovsky-Kaup-Kupershmidt equation. The lump waves, lumpoff waves, and rogue waves are presented based on the Hirota bilinear form of this eq...In this paper, we investigate a(2+1)-dimensional generalized Konopelchenko-Dubrovsky-Kaup-Kupershmidt equation. The lump waves, lumpoff waves, and rogue waves are presented based on the Hirota bilinear form of this equation. It is worth noting that the moving path as well as the appearance time and place of the lump waves are given. Moreover, the special rogue waves are considered when lump solution is swallowed by double solitons. Finally,the corresponding characteristics of the dynamical behavior are displayed.展开更多
The lump solution is one of the exact solutions of the nonlinear evolution equation.In this paper,we study the lump solution and lump-type solutions of(2+1)-dimensional dissipative Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segure(AKNS)equ...The lump solution is one of the exact solutions of the nonlinear evolution equation.In this paper,we study the lump solution and lump-type solutions of(2+1)-dimensional dissipative Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segure(AKNS)equation by the Hirota bilinear method and test function method.With the help of Maple,we draw three-dimensional plots of the lump solution and lump-type solutions,and by observing the plots,we analyze the dynamic behavior of the(2+1)-dimensional dissipative AKNS equation.We find that the interaction solutions come in a variety of interesting forms.展开更多
Objectives: To evaluate breast lumpectomy margins by frozen section in breast conservation surgery. Methods: A retrospective study of frozen section of lumpectomy margins of one hundred ten patients was done at King A...Objectives: To evaluate breast lumpectomy margins by frozen section in breast conservation surgery. Methods: A retrospective study of frozen section of lumpectomy margins of one hundred ten patients was done at King Abdulaziz University Hospital from June 2007 to June 2013. All patients underwent lumpectomy + Sentinel lymph node biopsy. Patient records were studied for location of mass in breast, size of mass, site of breast, pre or postmenopausal, frozen section margins, new frozen section margins, permanent margins, reoperation. Complications like skin necrosis, numbness, and wound infection were studied. Result: Majority were Saudis (64.5%). Left breast was involved in 60%. Upper outer quadrant was involved in majority (51.9%). Size of mass was less than 1 cm in 14.8% cases, 1 - 2.9 cm in 43.5%, 3 - 4 cm in 13%, more than 4 cm in 10.2%. Lumpectomy plus sentinel lymph node biopsy was done in 96.4% and lumpectomy and axillary lymph node dissection was done in 1.8% cases. Gross margins were positive in 17.3% and frozen margins were positive in 28.2%. New margin on frozen section were positive in 3.6% and negative in 79.1%. Permanent section histology showed positive margins in 5.5% and negative in 94.5% cases. Re-operation was done in 7.3%. Lympho-vascular margins were positive in 20.9%. Skin necrosis was found in 2.2%, numbness was found in 4.4%, wound infection was in 2.2%. Conclusion: Lumpectomy margins with frozen section reduce re-operation and recurrence.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Basic Science Center Program:61988101)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62394345,62373155,62173147)the Major Science and Technology Project of Xinjiang(No.2022A01006-4).
文摘Industrial ebullated-bed is an important device for promoting the cleaning and upgrading of oil products. The lumped kinetic model is a powerful tool for predicting the product yield of the ebullated-bed residue hydrogenation (EBRH) unit, However, during the long-term operation of the device, there are phenomena such as low frequency of material property analysis leading to limited operating data and diverse operating modes at the same time scale, which poses a huge challenge to building an accurate product yield prediction model. To address these challenges, a data augmentation-based eleven lumped reaction kinetics mechanism model was constructed. This model combines generative adversarial networks, outlier elimination, and L2 norm data filtering to expand the dataset and utilizes kernel principal component analysis-fuzzy C-means for operating condition partitioning. Based on the hydrogenation reaction mechanism, a single and sub operating condition eleven lumped reaction kinetics model of an ebullated-bed residue hydrogenation unit, comprising 55 reaction paths and 110 parameters, was constructed before and after data augmentation. Compared to the single model before data enhancement, the average absolute error of the sub-models under data enhancement division was reduced by 23%. Thus, these findings can help guide the operation and optimization of the production process.
基金the Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program(No.2020GY-040)。
文摘Design of a miniaturized lumped-element bandpass filter in multilayer liquid crystal polymer technology is proposed.Fractional bandwidth of the bandpass filter is 20%,operating at a center frequency of 500 MHz.In order to further reduce the size and improve the performance of the proposed filter,defected ground structure(DGS)has been implemented in the filter.Based on this structure,the volume of the inductor is reduced by 60%eficiently compared with the inductor without DGS,and the Q-factor is increased up to 257%compared with the traditional multilayer spiral inductor.The measured results indicate that the designed filter has a very sharp stopband,an insertion loss of 2.3dB,and a return loss of 18.6dB in the passband.The whole volume of the fabricated filter is 0.032入_(g)×0.05入_(g)×0.00075入_(g),where Ag is the guided wavelength of the center frequency.The proposed filter is easily integrated into radio-frequency/microwave circuitry at a low manufacturing cost,especially wireless communication.
基金the French Defense Innovation Agency (AID)the French Procurement Agency for Armament (DGA)ONERA's scientific direction for funding and supporting the present work
文摘The aim of this paper is to simulate and study the early moments of the reactive ballistics of a large caliber projectile fired from a gun,combining 0D and 2D axisymmetric Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)approaches.First,the methodology is introduced with the development of an interior ballistics(IB)lumped parameter code(LPC),integrating an original image processing method for calculating the specific regression of propellant grains that compose the gun propellant.The ONERA CFD code CEDRE,equipped with a Dynamic Mesh Technique(DMT),is then used in conjunction with the developed LPC to build a dedicated methodology to calculate IB.First results obtained on the AGARD gun and 40 mm gun test cases are in a good agreement with the existing literature.CEDRE is also used to calculate inter-mediate ballistics(first milliseconds of free flight of the projectile)with a multispecies and reactive approach either starting from the gun muzzle plane or directly following IB.In the latter case,an inverse problem involving a Latin hypercube sampling method is used to find a gun propellant configuration that allows the projectile to reach a given exit velocity and base pressure when IB ends.The methodology developed in this work makes it possible to study the flame front of the intermediate flash and depressurization that occurs in a base bleed(BB)channel at the gun muzzle.Average pressure variations in the BB channel during depressurization are in good agreement with literature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11874431)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0306800)。
文摘Topological states realized in metamaterials have provided a versatile platform for exploring topological physics and enabling novel applications,with topolectrical circuits emerging as a prominent example.However,previous research in this feld has primarily focused on lumped-element implementations,while non-lumped microwave circuits remain relatively underexplored.In this work,we design and investigate a one-dimensional non-lumped Su–Schriefer–Heeger topolectrical circuit composed of copper parallel-plate transmission lines and inductors,ofering compatibility with integrated microwave applications.Full-wave microwave simulations in the 0–10 GHz range show excellent agreement with theoretical predictions.The impedance spectrum of a fveunit-cell system displays periodic resonant passbands and stopbands corresponding to bulk states,while distinct high-Q(on the order of 10^(2))topological boundary resonances(TBRs)emerge within the stopbands,indicating the presence of localized edge states.Furthermore,the TBRs vanish when the system is reconfgured into the trivial phase,providing direct evidence of its topological nature.These response characteristics make the proposed resonator a promising candidate for future microwave devices and topological circuit applications.
文摘本文应用Hirota双线性方法探讨了(2 + 1)维Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli (BLMP)方程的解及其相互作用。该方法的一个特点是使用对数变换将方程转化为双线性形式,且我们在对数变换中引入了非零常数。本文分析了1-lump波分别与1-kink孤波和2-kink孤波之间的相互作用,揭示了它们的弹性和共振碰撞行为。为了进一步说明这些解的特征,我们利用Mathematica软件提供了详细的三维图示结果。In this study, we investigate the (2 + 1)-dimensional Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli equations using the Hirota bilinear method. A feature of our approach is the use of a logarithmic transformation to convert the equation into bilinear form with the introduction of a nonzero constant in the transformation. We analyze the interaction dynamics of lump solutions with one and two kink solitons, revealing their elastic and resonant collision behaviors. To further illustrate the characteristics of these solutions, we provide detailed 3D plots using the Mathematica software.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12101572,12371256)2023 Shanxi Province Graduate Innovation Project(No.2023KY614)the 19th Graduate Science and Technology Project of North University of China(No.20231943)。
文摘In this paper,we mainly focus on proving the existence of lump solutions to a generalized(3+1)-dimensional nonlinear differential equation.Hirota’s bilinear method and a quadratic function method are employed to derive the lump solutions localized in the whole plane for a(3+1)-dimensional nonlinear differential equation.Three examples of such a nonlinear equation are presented to investigate the exact expressions of the lump solutions.Moreover,the 3d plots and corresponding density plots of the solutions are given to show the space structures of the lump waves.In addition,the breath-wave solutions and several interaction solutions of the(3+1)-dimensional nonlinear differential equation are obtained and their dynamics are analyzed.
文摘By employing the Hirota’s bilinear method and different test functions, the breather solutions of HSI equation with different structures are obtained based on symbolic calculation with perturbation parameters. Some new lump solitons are found in the process of studying the degradation behavior of breather solutions. The interaction between lump solution and soliton solution is constructed in the form of lump solution, and the motion trajectory of lump is obtained. In addition, the theorem of lump solitons and N-solitons superposition is given and proved. The superposition formula of lump is derived from the theorem, and its spatial evolution behavior is given.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11675084 and 11435005)the Fund from the Educational Commission of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.Y201737177)+1 种基金Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2015A610159)the K C Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘In this manuscript,a reduced(3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation is studied.We first construct the bilinear formalism of the equation by using the binary Bell polynomials theory,then explore a lump solution to the special case for z=x.Furthermore,a more general form of lump solution of the equation is found which possesses seven arbitrary parameters and four constraint conditions.By cutting the lump by the induced soliton(s),lumpoff and instanton/rogue wave solutions are also constructed by the more general form of lump solution.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11971475)。
文摘We study a simplified(3+1)-dimensional model equation and construct a lump solution for the special case of z=y using the Hirota bilinear method.Then,a more general form of lump solution is constructed,which contains more arbitrary autocephalous parameters.In addition,a lumpoff solution is also derived based on the general lump solutions and a stripe soliton.Furthermore,we figure out instanton/rogue wave solutions via introducing two stripe solitons.Finally,one can better illustrate these propagation phenomena of these solutions by analyzing images.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant(11705290,11901538,11875126)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded sixty-fourth batch(2018M640678)+1 种基金the Young Scholar Foundation of ZUT(2018XQG16)Training Plan for Key Young Teachers of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province(2019GGJS143)。
文摘For a variable coefficient Kadomtsev-Petviashvili(KP)equation the Lax pair as well as conjugate Lax pair are derived from the Painleve analysis.The N-fold binary Darboux transformation is presented in a compact form.As an application,the multi-lump,higher-order lump and general lump-soliton interaction solutions for the variable coefficient KP equation are obtained.Typical lump structures with amplitudes exponentially decaying to zero as the time tends to infinity and interactions between one lump and one soliton are shown.
基金Supported by the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiansu Province under Grant No.SJKY19 1877the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University under Grant No.2017XKZD11
文摘In this paper, we investigate a(2+1)-dimensional generalized Konopelchenko-Dubrovsky-Kaup-Kupershmidt equation. The lump waves, lumpoff waves, and rogue waves are presented based on the Hirota bilinear form of this equation. It is worth noting that the moving path as well as the appearance time and place of the lump waves are given. Moreover, the special rogue waves are considered when lump solution is swallowed by double solitons. Finally,the corresponding characteristics of the dynamical behavior are displayed.
文摘The lump solution is one of the exact solutions of the nonlinear evolution equation.In this paper,we study the lump solution and lump-type solutions of(2+1)-dimensional dissipative Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segure(AKNS)equation by the Hirota bilinear method and test function method.With the help of Maple,we draw three-dimensional plots of the lump solution and lump-type solutions,and by observing the plots,we analyze the dynamic behavior of the(2+1)-dimensional dissipative AKNS equation.We find that the interaction solutions come in a variety of interesting forms.
文摘Objectives: To evaluate breast lumpectomy margins by frozen section in breast conservation surgery. Methods: A retrospective study of frozen section of lumpectomy margins of one hundred ten patients was done at King Abdulaziz University Hospital from June 2007 to June 2013. All patients underwent lumpectomy + Sentinel lymph node biopsy. Patient records were studied for location of mass in breast, size of mass, site of breast, pre or postmenopausal, frozen section margins, new frozen section margins, permanent margins, reoperation. Complications like skin necrosis, numbness, and wound infection were studied. Result: Majority were Saudis (64.5%). Left breast was involved in 60%. Upper outer quadrant was involved in majority (51.9%). Size of mass was less than 1 cm in 14.8% cases, 1 - 2.9 cm in 43.5%, 3 - 4 cm in 13%, more than 4 cm in 10.2%. Lumpectomy plus sentinel lymph node biopsy was done in 96.4% and lumpectomy and axillary lymph node dissection was done in 1.8% cases. Gross margins were positive in 17.3% and frozen margins were positive in 28.2%. New margin on frozen section were positive in 3.6% and negative in 79.1%. Permanent section histology showed positive margins in 5.5% and negative in 94.5% cases. Re-operation was done in 7.3%. Lympho-vascular margins were positive in 20.9%. Skin necrosis was found in 2.2%, numbness was found in 4.4%, wound infection was in 2.2%. Conclusion: Lumpectomy margins with frozen section reduce re-operation and recurrence.
