Epithermal deposits are characterized by complex low-temperature hydrothermal alterations, but the links between mineralization and superimposed alteration are obscure and require further elucidation. This study emplo...Epithermal deposits are characterized by complex low-temperature hydrothermal alterations, but the links between mineralization and superimposed alteration are obscure and require further elucidation. This study employs shortwave infrared(SWIR) spectral scalars for alteration mineral mapping and three-dimensional modeling of the Ulan Uzhur Ag polymetallic deposit, a newly discovered epithermal deposit in the Qimantagh. Alteration zoning transitions from illitemuscovite-carbonate-pyrite in the core(Zone Ⅰ), through muscovite ± illite-kaolinite-chlorite-carbonate(Zone Ⅱ), to muscovite-chlorite-biotite(Zone Ⅲ) at the periphery. The Zone Ⅰ with mineralization features long-wavelength white mica(wAlOH > 2207 nm) with a high Illite Crystallinity(IC)(mean > 2.0), suggesting a relatively high-temperature environment conducive to mineralization. Petrographic analyses with fluid inclusion and IC curve characteristics suggests that fluid boiling may be a pivotal mechanism for mineral precipitation. Furthermore, surface mapping and deep threedimensional modeling of spectral characteristics reveal a correlation between long-wavelength white mica, high IC and mineralization zones. These findings indicate that SWIR spectroscopy reveal the evolution of fluids and provide valuable guidance for future exploration efforts.展开更多
The major elements, rare earth elements （REE） and trace elements of four basalt samples from central and western Pacific ferro- manganese crust provinces have been analyzed using chemical methods and ICP - MS, respe...The major elements, rare earth elements （REE） and trace elements of four basalt samples from central and western Pacific ferro- manganese crust provinces have been analyzed using chemical methods and ICP - MS, respectively. The results indicate that the samples have been extensively altered and that the contents of their major elements have changed significantly. However, the similarity of REE partition patterns and trace element contents of basalt samples to those of fresh oceanic island basalts （OIB） indicate that the basalt samples originated as OIB. Because of low-temperature alteration, the contents of A1203 , Fe203 , MnO, K20 and P205 increased, while MgO and FeO decreased. Active components, such as magnesium and iron, were leached from OIB resulting in the relative enrichment of SiO2. The leaching of active components can cause the relative enrichment of REE, while the precipitation of LREE-rich ferromanganese oxides in vesicles and fissures not only causes an increase of REE contents, but also induces ＂fractionation＂ of LREE and HREE. Based on the enrichment mechanism of REE contents, the theoretical quantities of precipitated ferromanganese oxides and the depleted quantities of active components are calculated ： the depleted quantities of active components for the unit mass of fresh basalts vary in the range of 0.15 ～ 0. 657, and the precipitated quantities of ferromanganese oxides for the unit mass of fresh basahs vary in the range of 0. 006 ～ 0. 042. Of the major elements, the two most depleted are iron, and magnesium, with 18.28% ～ 70.95% of iron and 44.50% ～ 93.94% of magnesium in the fresh basalts was leached out. Theoretical calculation and geochemistry results both indicate that low-temperature alteration of basalts can supply abundant amount of metals to seawater, and may play an important role in ocean metal circulation.展开更多
The stream sediments of Wadi El Reddah(North Eastern Desert,Egypt)are geochemically and mineralogically investigated.Their content of radioactive and other heavy minerals is mainly represented by thorite,uranothorite,...The stream sediments of Wadi El Reddah(North Eastern Desert,Egypt)are geochemically and mineralogically investigated.Their content of radioactive and other heavy minerals is mainly represented by thorite,uranothorite,zircon,monazite,xenotime,columbite,fergusonite,and unknown rare earth elements(REEs)bearing minerals as well as cassiterite.Special emphasis on REE content of thorite,uranothorite,zircon and xenotime has been done to correlate them with the increase of uranium contents in these sediments.The key evidence for the presence lowtemperature alteration processes includes the presence of some zircon crystals as remnants after complete dissolution of the overgrowth zircon in severe acidic environment,the sulphur content,biogenic minerals,occurrence of unusual minerals as cassiterite pore filling in zircon,variation in the REEs content from the surrounding granites to the stream sediments and the abundance of monazite in the surrounding granites.Most minerals are partially and/or completely altered,which indicated by the pseudomorphism of zircon by xenotime,thorite,and uranothorite.展开更多
In order to explore the effects of CaO,lignite dust and sawdust on the drying characteristics ofmunicipal sludge at different concentrations,a three-factor three-level regression experiment was carried out based on th...In order to explore the effects of CaO,lignite dust and sawdust on the drying characteristics ofmunicipal sludge at different concentrations,a three-factor three-level regression experiment was carried out based on the results of thermogravimetric experiment and single factor experiment.By fitting three common mathematical models,the Page model with the highest fitting degree was selected to determine the most suitable mathematical model to describe the municipal sludge drying process.In addition,the Box-Behnken design principle in the response surface method was used to analyze the interaction of three factors on the drying characteristics of municipal sludge.The results of the study show that below 100℃is the optimal drying temperature range for municipal sludge.The results of single factor experiments showed that the order of influence of the three factors on sludge drying time was CaO concentration>sawdust concentration>lignite dust concentration.In the single factor experiment,the optimal process parameterswere CaOconcentration 3%,lignite powder concentration 7%,and sawdust concentration 7%.In themulti-factor interaction analysis,the interaction between CaO and sawdust had the most significant effect on the reduction of drying time,and the order of influence was as follows:CaO interaction with sawdust>lignite dust interaction with sawdust>CaO interaction with lignite powder.Further analysis showed that the optimal process ratio was 3%CaO concentration and 3%sawdust concentration.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),while dominant in energy storage due to high energy density and cycling stability,suffer from severe capacity decay,rate capability degradation,and lithium dendrite formation under low-temp...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),while dominant in energy storage due to high energy density and cycling stability,suffer from severe capacity decay,rate capability degradation,and lithium dendrite formation under low-temperature(LT)operation.Therefore,a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of LIB behavior at LT is urgently required.This review article comprehensively reviews recent advancements in electrolyte engineering strategies aimed at improving the low-temperature operational capabilities of LIBs.The study methodically examines critical performance-limiting mechanisms through fundamental analysis of four primary challenges:insufficient ionic conductivity under cryogenic conditions,kinetically hindered charge transfer processes,Li+transport limitations across the solidelectrolyte interphase(SEI),and uncontrolled lithium dendrite growth.The work elaborates on innovative optimization approaches encompassing lithium salt molecular design with tailored dissociation characteristics,solvent matrix optimization through dielectric constant and viscosity regulation,interfacial engineering additives for constructing low-impedance SEI layers,and gel-polymer composite electrolyte systems.Notably,particular emphasis is placed on emerging machine learning-guided electrolyte formulation strategies that enable high-throughput virtual screening of constituent combinations and prediction of structure-property relationships.These artificial intelligence-assisted rational design frameworks demonstrate significant potential for accelerating the development of next-generation LT electrolytes by establishing quantitative composition-performance correlations through advanced data-driven methodologies.展开更多
This study focused on improving the cathode performance of Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.15)O_(3-δ)(BSCN)-based perovskite materials through molybdenum(Mo)doping.Pure BSCN and Mo-modified-BSCN—Ea_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0...This study focused on improving the cathode performance of Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.15)O_(3-δ)(BSCN)-based perovskite materials through molybdenum(Mo)doping.Pure BSCN and Mo-modified-BSCN—Ea_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.1)Mo_(0.05)O_(3-δ)(B S CNM_(0.05)),Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.05)Mo_(0.1)O_(3-δ)(BSCNM_(0.1)),and Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Mo_(0.15)O_(3-δ)(BSCM)—with Mo doping contents of 5mol%,10mol%,and15mol%,respectively,were successfully prepared using the sol-gel method.The effects of Mo doping on the crystal structure,conductivity,thermal expansion coefficient,oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity,and electrochemical performance were systematically evaluated using X-ray diffraction analysis,thermally induced characterization,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and single-cell performance tests.The results revealed that Mo doping could improve the conductivity of the materials,suppress their thermal expansion effects,and significantly improve the electrochemical performance.Surface chemical state analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that 5mol%Mo doping could facilitate a high adsorbed oxygen concentration leading to enhanced ORR activity in the materials.Density functional theory calculations confirmed that Mo doping promoted the ORR activity in the materials.At an operating temperature of 600℃,the BSCNM_(0.05)cathode material exhibited significantly enhanced electrochemical impedance characteristics,with a reduced area specific resistance of 0.048Ω·cm~2,which was lower than that of the undoped BSCN matrix material by 32.39%.At the same operating temperature,an anode-supported single cell using a BSCNM_(0.05)cathode achieved a peak power density of 1477 mW·cm^(-2),which was 30.71%,56.30%,and 171.50%higher than those of BSCN,BSCNM_(0.1),and B SCM,respectively.The improved ORR activity and electrochemical performance of BSCNM_(0.05)indicate that it can be used as a cathode material in low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells.展开更多
Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a metabolic disorder,recognised during 24-28 weeks of pregnancy.GDM is linked with adverse newborn outcomes such as macrosomia,premature delivery,metabolic disorder,cardiovascular,...Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a metabolic disorder,recognised during 24-28 weeks of pregnancy.GDM is linked with adverse newborn outcomes such as macrosomia,premature delivery,metabolic disorder,cardiovascular,and neurological disorders.Recent investigations have focused on the correlation of genetic factors such asβ-cell function and insulin secretary genes(transcription factor 7 like 2,potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily q member 1,adipo-nectin etc.)on maternal metabolism during gestation leading to GDM.Epigenetic alterations like DNA methylation,histone modification,and miRNA expression can influence gene expression and play a dominant role in feto-maternal meta-bolic pathways.Interactions between genes and environment,resulting in differ-ential gene expression patterns may lead to GDM.Researchers suggested that GDM women are more susceptible to insulin resistance,which alters intrauterine surroundings,resulting hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia.Epigenetic modi-fications in genes affecting neuroendocrine activities,and metabolism,increase the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in offspring.There is currently no treatment or effective preventive method for GDM,since the molecular processes of insulin resistance are not well understood.The present review was undertaken to un-derstand the pathophysiology of GDM and its effects on adverse neonatal out-comes.In addition,the study of genetic and epigenetic alterations will provide lead to researchers in the search for predictive molecular biomarkers.展开更多
Electrochemical metallurgy at low temperature(<473 K)shows promise for the extraction and refinement of metals and alloys in a green and sustainable manner.However,the kinetics of the electrodeposition process is g...Electrochemical metallurgy at low temperature(<473 K)shows promise for the extraction and refinement of metals and alloys in a green and sustainable manner.However,the kinetics of the electrodeposition process is generally slow at low temperature,resulting in large overpotential and low current efficiency.Thus,the application of external physical fields has emerged as an effective strategy for improving the mass and charge transfer processes during electrochemical reactions.This review highlights the challenges associated with low-temperature electrochemical processes and briefly discusses recent achievements in optimizing electrodeposition processes through the use of external physical fields.The regulating effects on the optimization of the electrodeposition process and the strategies for select-ing various external physical fields,including magnetic,supergravity,and ultrasonic fields are summarized from the perspectives of equipment and mechanisms.Finally,advanced methods for in-situ characterization of external physical field-assisted electrodeposition processes are reviewed to gain a deeper understanding of metallic electrodeposition.An in-depth exploration of the mechanism by which external physical fields affect the electrode process is essential for enhancing the efficiency of metal extraction at low temperatures.展开更多
Traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)is a devastating exogenous injury with long-lasting consequences and a leading cause of death and disability worldwide.Advances in assistive technology,rehabilitative interventions,and...Traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)is a devastating exogenous injury with long-lasting consequences and a leading cause of death and disability worldwide.Advances in assistive technology,rehabilitative interventions,and the ability to identify and intervene in secondary conditions have significantly increased the long-term survival rate of SCI patients,with some people even living well into their seventh or eighth decade.These survival changes have led neurotrauma researchers to examine how SCI interacts with brain aging.Public health and epidemiological data showed that patients with long-term SCI can have a lower life expectancy and quality of life,along with a higher risk of comorbidities and complications.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries are widely recognized as prime candidates for energy storage devices.Ethylene carbonate(EC)has become a critical component in conventional commercial electrolytes due to its exceptional film-form...Lithium-ion batteries are widely recognized as prime candidates for energy storage devices.Ethylene carbonate(EC)has become a critical component in conventional commercial electrolytes due to its exceptional film-forming properties and high dielectric constant.However,the elevated freezing point,high viscosity,and strong solvation energy of EC significantly hinder the transport rate of Li^(+)and the desolvation process at low temperatures.This leads to substantial capacity loss and even lithium plating on graphite anodes.Herein,we have developed an efficient electrolyte system specifically designed for lowtemperature conditions,which consists of 1.0 M lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI)in isoxazole(IZ)with fluorobenzene(FB)as an uncoordinated solvent and fluoroethylene carbonate(FEC)as a filmforming co-solvent.This system effectively lowers the desolvation energy of Li^(+)through dipole-dipole interactions.The weak solvation capability allows more anions to enter the solvation sheath,promoting the formation of contact ion pairs(CIPs)and aggregates(AGGs)that enhance the transport rate of Li^(+)while maintaining high ionic conductivity across a broad temperature range.Moreover,the formation of inorganic-dominant interfacial phases on the graphite anode,induced by fluoroethylene carbonate,significantly enhances the kinetics of Li^(+)transport.At a low temperature of-20℃,this electrolyte system achieves an impressive reversible capacity of 200.9 mAh g^(-1)in graphite half-cell,which is nearly three times that observed with conventional EC-based electrolytes,demonstrating excellent stability throughout its operation.展开更多
To completely recover valuable elements and reduce the amount of waste,the impact of phosphoric acid on the decomposition of rare earth,fluorine and phosphorus during cyclic leaching was studied based on the character...To completely recover valuable elements and reduce the amount of waste,the impact of phosphoric acid on the decomposition of rare earth,fluorine and phosphorus during cyclic leaching was studied based on the characteristics of low-tempe rature sulfuric acid deco mposition.When a single monazite was leached using 75 wt% H_(2)SO_(4) solution with phosphoric acid,the size and number of monazite particles in the washing slag gradually decrease with the increase in phosphoric acid content in the leaching solution.The monazite phase can hardly be found in the slag when the phosphoric acid content reaches 70 g/L,which indicates that phosphoric acid is favorable for monazite decomposition.The mixed rare earth concentrate was leached by 75 wt% H_(2)SO_(4) containing 70 g/L phosphoric acid,the mineral compositions of the washing slag are only gypsum and unwashed rare earth sulfuric acid.After cyclic leaching of75 wt% H_(2)SO_(4),the mineral compositions of the primary leaching washing slag are mainly undecomposed monazite,rare earth sulfate and calcium sulfate.However,monazite is not found in the mineral phase of the second and third leaching washing slag.The leaching rates of rare earth and phosphorus gradually increase with the increase in cyclic leaching times.In addition,the phosphoric acid content in the leaching solution increases with the increase in the number of cyclic leaching time.However,the rising trend decreases when the phosphoric acid content reaches 50 g/L by adsorption and crystallization of phosphoric acid.A small amount of water can be used to clean the leaching residue before washing to recover the more soluble phosphorus acid according to the difference of dissolution between phosphoric acid and rare earth sulfuric acid.展开更多
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle alterations(SMAs)are being increasingly recognized in patients with metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)and appear to be associated with deleterious outcomes in the...BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle alterations(SMAs)are being increasingly recognized in patients with metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)and appear to be associated with deleterious outcomes in these patients.However,their actual prevalence and pathophysiology remain to be elucidated.AIM To determine the prevalence of SMAs and to assess the significance of circulating myokines as biomarkers in patients with MASLD.METHODS Skeletal muscle strength and muscle mass were measured in a cross-sectional study in a cohort of 62 patients fulfilling MASLD criteria,recruited from the outpatient clinics of a tertiary level hospital.The degree of fibrosis and liver steatosis was studied using abdominal ultrasound and transitional elastography.Anthropometric and metabolic characteristics as well as serum levels of different myokines were also determined in the MASLD cohort.Statistical analysis was performed comparing results according to liver fibrosis and steatosis.RESULTS No significant differences were found in both skeletal muscle strength and skeletal muscle mass in patients with MASLD between different stages of liver fibrosis.Interestingly,serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-21(FGF21)were significantly higher in patients with MASLD with advanced hepatic fibrosis(F3-F4)than in those with lower fibrosis stages(F0-F2)(197.49±198.27 pg/mL vs 95.62±83.67 pg/mL;P=0.049).In addition,patients with MASLD with severe hepatosteatosis(S3)exhibited significantly higher serum levels of irisin(1116.87±1161.86 pg/mL)than those with lower grades(S1-S2)(385.21±375.98 pg/mL;P=0.001).CONCLUSION SMAs were uncommon in the patients with MASLD studied.Higher serum levels of irisin and FGF21 were detected in patients with advanced liver steatosis and fibrosis,respectively,with potential implications as biomarkers.展开更多
Because of their excellent low-temperature(−15 to−40℃)tolerance,sodium-ion batteries are emerging as a complement to lithium-ion batteries for use in extremely cold environments(e.g.high-latitude areas).Hard carbon h...Because of their excellent low-temperature(−15 to−40℃)tolerance,sodium-ion batteries are emerging as a complement to lithium-ion batteries for use in extremely cold environments(e.g.high-latitude areas).Hard carbon has a high low-voltage sodium storage capacity and a good initial efficiency,making it one of the most promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries.It has a complex structure,featuring closed pores,nano graphitic domains,and surface functional groups.The sodium storage sites in hard carbon are reviewed as are the widely accepted sodium storage mechanisms.The main factors contributing to the degradation of the good low-temperature performance in hard carbon anodes are considered,including sodium dendrite formation,low ion diffusion rates,and surface-side reactions.Finally,strategies to increase the low-temperature sodium storage performance of hard carbon anodes are summarized,including bulk structure design,and improvements in interfaces and cut-off voltage.Guidance is provided for improving the low-temperature performance of hard carbon anodes to accelerate the development of these batteries.展开更多
Aqueous zinc metal batteries(ZMBs)which are environmentally benign and cheap can be used for grid-scale energy storage,but have a short cycling life mainly due to the poor reversibility of zinc metal anodes in mild aq...Aqueous zinc metal batteries(ZMBs)which are environmentally benign and cheap can be used for grid-scale energy storage,but have a short cycling life mainly due to the poor reversibility of zinc metal anodes in mild aqueous electrolytes.A zincophilic carbon(ZC)layer was deposited on a Zn metal foil at 450°C by the up-stream pyrolysis of a hydrogen-bonded supramolecular substance framework,as-sembled from melamine(ME)and cyanuric acid(CA).The zincophilic groups(C=O and C=N)in the ZC layer guide uniform zinc plating/stripping and eliminate dendrites and side reactions.so that assembled symmetrical batteries(ZC@Zn//ZC@Zn)have a long-term service life of 2500 h at 1 mA cm^(−2) and 1 mAh cm^(−2),which is much longer than that of bare Zn anodes(180 h).In addition,ZC@Zn//V2O5 full batteries have a higher capacity of 174 mAh g^(−1) after 1200 cycles at 2 A g^(−1) than a Zn//V_(2)O_(5) counterpart(100 mAh g^(−1)).The strategy developed for the low-temperat-ure deposition of the ZC layer is a new way to construct advanced zinc metal anodes for ZMBs.展开更多
Altered rock,often encountered in major engineering projects,can seriously affect the stability of rocks and slopes surrounding deeply buried tunnels.This study addressed the alteration mechanism,alteration degree cla...Altered rock,often encountered in major engineering projects,can seriously affect the stability of rocks and slopes surrounding deeply buried tunnels.This study addressed the alteration mechanism,alteration degree classification,and mechanical parameters of altered rock in engineering project areas using field testing,thin slice identification,X-ray diffraction,and major element testing.Results showed that the altered rock types in the areas of the Pingjiang Pumped Storage Power Station,Hunan Province,and a diversion tunnel in northern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region include biotite granodiorite,biotite monzogranite,and cataclastic granite,and that the main alteration mechanisms are chloritization of biotite and clayization of feldspar minerals.The altered rocks were classified as slightly,moderately,or strongly altered according to their apparent characteristics,rebound value,longitudinal wave velocity,metamorphic mineral content,and porosity.The bulk density,elastic modulus,cohesion,and internal friction angle(Poisson’s ratio)of the altered rocks decreased(increased)with increase in the degree of alteration.Numerical simulations showed that in altered rock slope areas,the zone of strong rock alteration and the moderate-strong alteration contact zone exhibit locally large deformations that represent a certain hazard to engineering projects.These results provide valuable guidance and support for major projects in altered rock areas.展开更多
Maize(Zea mays L.),a globally significant cereal crop,is produced in vast quantities worldwide.However,its growth is severely constrained by low temperatures,particularly during seed germination,which significantly im...Maize(Zea mays L.),a globally significant cereal crop,is produced in vast quantities worldwide.However,its growth is severely constrained by low temperatures,particularly during seed germination,which significantly impairs seedling emergence.In this study,genetic diversity across six germination-associated phenotypic traits(RGR,RSL,RTL,RRSA,RRV,and RSVI)of 304 inbred lines was analyzed,to evaluate the capacity of these lines for low-temperature tolerance.Genome-wide association study(GWAS)was carried out by combining six germination-associated phenotypic traits and genotypic data from 30-fold resequencing.The gene ZmBARK1 was identified through integrated GWAS and RNA-seq analyses,and its association with low-temperature tolerance during maize germination was validated by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR).ZmBARK1,encoding BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-associated receptor kinase 1,was located on the bin 4.09 region of maize chromosome 4.Amino acid comparison and subcellular localization analyses revealed that ZmBARK1 is highly homologous to AtBAK1 and is localized to the plasma membrane of the cell,which may be involved in regulating brassinosteroid(BR)signaling.In addition,we revealed the role of ZmBARK1 in low-temperature tolerance during maize germination.Compared with wild-type(WT),the ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)mutant zmbark1 was characterized by substantially enhanced low-temperature tolerance.Overall,these findings provide promising candidate genes,improve low-temperature tolerance in maize,and advance the understanding of regulatory mechanisms underlying maize's response to low-temperature stress.展开更多
The patterns of metal distribution and alteration zonation in magmatic-hydrothermal systems primarily focus on porphyry deposit and other closely associated types,such as skarn,epithermal and distal vein deposits(e.g....The patterns of metal distribution and alteration zonation in magmatic-hydrothermal systems primarily focus on porphyry deposit and other closely associated types,such as skarn,epithermal and distal vein deposits(e.g.,Zheng,2022;Hutchison et al.,2020;Cooke et al.,2011;Hedenquist et al.,1998).展开更多
Magnesium alloys are widely used in aerospace and automotive industries due to their lightweight.However,their poor fatigue performance limits the broader application,especially in dynamic stress environments.This stu...Magnesium alloys are widely used in aerospace and automotive industries due to their lightweight.However,their poor fatigue performance limits the broader application,especially in dynamic stress environments.This study explores novel coupled pretreatments of free-end largeangle pre-torsion and low-temperature aging to improve the fatigue resistance of rolled ZK60 magnesium alloy.STA(pre-torsion followed by low-temperature aging)and SAT(low-temperature aging followed by pre-torsion)samples were prepared to investigate the influences of pretreatment coupling sequences.The results of microstructure characterization reveal that pre-torsion significantly enhances the formation of tensile twins and introduces a gradient microstructure with increased dislocation density from the center to the edges.STA process resulted in the highest twinning area fraction of 35.2% and a kernel average misorientation of 0.94 at the edge.Mechanical testing demonstrated that the coupled pre-treatment obtained a better combination of strength and plasticity,significantly improved the yield strength in the compression stage,and increased the tensile-compressive yield ratio to>0.9.In the low-cycle fatigue test,the STA samples exhibited lower cyclic mean stress,a smaller cyclic hardening trend,and better hysteretic symmetry,leading to an improvement in fatigue life of up to 256%.The findings suggest that the combined pre-torsion and low-temperature aging treatments offer a promising approach to enhance the mechanical properties and fatigue resistance of ZK60 magnesium alloy,making it suitable for structural applications in demanding environments.展开更多
Abscisic acid(ABA)plays a key role in promoting the growth and development of plants,as well as mediating the responses of plants to adverse environmental conditions.Here,we measured the photosynthetic capacity of wil...Abscisic acid(ABA)plays a key role in promoting the growth and development of plants,as well as mediating the responses of plants to adverse environmental conditions.Here,we measured the photosynthetic capacity of wild-type RR,mutant sitiens(sit),and ABA-pretreated sit tomato seedlings following exposure to low-temperature(LT)stress.We found that the net photosynthetic rate,intercellular carbon dioxide concentration,transpiration rate,and stomatal conductance of sit seedlings were lower than those of RR seedlings under LT stress.The chloroplast width,area,and number of osmiophilic granules were significantly larger in sit seedlings than in RR seedlings,while the chloroplast length/width ratio was significantly lower in sit seedlings than in RR seedlings.The photochemical activity of sit seedlings was lower,and the expression of photosynthesis-related genes in sit seedlings was altered following exposure to LT stress.ABA pretreatment significantly alleviated the above phenomenon.We also conducted an RNA sequencing analysis and characterized the expression patterns of genes in tomato seedlings following exposure to LT stress.We constructed 15 cDNA libraries and identified several differentially expressed genes involved in photosynthesis,plant hormone signaling transduction,and primary and secondary metabolism.Additional analyses of genes encoding transcription factors and proteins involved in photosynthesis-related processes showed pronounced changes in expression under LT stress.Luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that WRKY22 regulates the expression of PsbA.The PSII of WRKY22 and PsbA-silenced plants was inhibited.Our findings indicate that ABA plays a role in regulating the process of photosynthesis and protecting PSII in tomato under LT stress through the WRKY22-PsbA complex.展开更多
The low-temperature spray drying technology was developed to process instant berry powder with high efficiency and higher anthocyanin retention.The maltodextrin,whey protein and inulin were selected as additives for i...The low-temperature spray drying technology was developed to process instant berry powder with high efficiency and higher anthocyanin retention.The maltodextrin,whey protein and inulin were selected as additives for instant properties formation in berry powder.The effects of inlet air temperature(40℃–80℃),vacuum degree(0.02–0.06 MPa)and additive amount on the physicochemical properties of berry powder were analyzed through solubility,anthocyanin retention and powder yield,based on moisture content and microstructure.The findings indicated that adding maltodextrin to berry enhanced the powder yield and instant solubility.Whey protein,as an additive,provided effective protection for the anthocyanins of berry powder,and the addition less than 10 g·100^(-1) g improved the powder yield.Inulin,as an additive,reduced moisture content of berry powder,which was conducive to the higher anthocyanin retention and solubility.Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)analysis was conducted to optimize the spray drying parameters for anthocyanin protection and solubility.The addition of 100%maltodextrin enhanced anthocyanin protection and solubility,while maintaining the desired moisture content and powder yield.This approach was used to evaluate the comprehensive quality of berry powder.This research can provide technical guidance for producing berry powder under low-temperature spray drying.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42372346,41802080,42030809,41873043).
文摘Epithermal deposits are characterized by complex low-temperature hydrothermal alterations, but the links between mineralization and superimposed alteration are obscure and require further elucidation. This study employs shortwave infrared(SWIR) spectral scalars for alteration mineral mapping and three-dimensional modeling of the Ulan Uzhur Ag polymetallic deposit, a newly discovered epithermal deposit in the Qimantagh. Alteration zoning transitions from illitemuscovite-carbonate-pyrite in the core(Zone Ⅰ), through muscovite ± illite-kaolinite-chlorite-carbonate(Zone Ⅱ), to muscovite-chlorite-biotite(Zone Ⅲ) at the periphery. The Zone Ⅰ with mineralization features long-wavelength white mica(wAlOH > 2207 nm) with a high Illite Crystallinity(IC)(mean > 2.0), suggesting a relatively high-temperature environment conducive to mineralization. Petrographic analyses with fluid inclusion and IC curve characteristics suggests that fluid boiling may be a pivotal mechanism for mineral precipitation. Furthermore, surface mapping and deep threedimensional modeling of spectral characteristics reveal a correlation between long-wavelength white mica, high IC and mineralization zones. These findings indicate that SWIR spectroscopy reveal the evolution of fluids and provide valuable guidance for future exploration efforts.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under contract No 40706028the China Oceanic Mineral Resources Re-search and Development Association (COMRA) under contract No DYXM115-01-2-01
文摘The major elements, rare earth elements （REE） and trace elements of four basalt samples from central and western Pacific ferro- manganese crust provinces have been analyzed using chemical methods and ICP - MS, respectively. The results indicate that the samples have been extensively altered and that the contents of their major elements have changed significantly. However, the similarity of REE partition patterns and trace element contents of basalt samples to those of fresh oceanic island basalts （OIB） indicate that the basalt samples originated as OIB. Because of low-temperature alteration, the contents of A1203 , Fe203 , MnO, K20 and P205 increased, while MgO and FeO decreased. Active components, such as magnesium and iron, were leached from OIB resulting in the relative enrichment of SiO2. The leaching of active components can cause the relative enrichment of REE, while the precipitation of LREE-rich ferromanganese oxides in vesicles and fissures not only causes an increase of REE contents, but also induces ＂fractionation＂ of LREE and HREE. Based on the enrichment mechanism of REE contents, the theoretical quantities of precipitated ferromanganese oxides and the depleted quantities of active components are calculated ： the depleted quantities of active components for the unit mass of fresh basalts vary in the range of 0.15 ～ 0. 657, and the precipitated quantities of ferromanganese oxides for the unit mass of fresh basahs vary in the range of 0. 006 ～ 0. 042. Of the major elements, the two most depleted are iron, and magnesium, with 18.28% ～ 70.95% of iron and 44.50% ～ 93.94% of magnesium in the fresh basalts was leached out. Theoretical calculation and geochemistry results both indicate that low-temperature alteration of basalts can supply abundant amount of metals to seawater, and may play an important role in ocean metal circulation.
文摘The stream sediments of Wadi El Reddah(North Eastern Desert,Egypt)are geochemically and mineralogically investigated.Their content of radioactive and other heavy minerals is mainly represented by thorite,uranothorite,zircon,monazite,xenotime,columbite,fergusonite,and unknown rare earth elements(REEs)bearing minerals as well as cassiterite.Special emphasis on REE content of thorite,uranothorite,zircon and xenotime has been done to correlate them with the increase of uranium contents in these sediments.The key evidence for the presence lowtemperature alteration processes includes the presence of some zircon crystals as remnants after complete dissolution of the overgrowth zircon in severe acidic environment,the sulphur content,biogenic minerals,occurrence of unusual minerals as cassiterite pore filling in zircon,variation in the REEs content from the surrounding granites to the stream sediments and the abundance of monazite in the surrounding granites.Most minerals are partially and/or completely altered,which indicated by the pseudomorphism of zircon by xenotime,thorite,and uranothorite.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number 52406074the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant Number 2025T180171+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2025A1515011270)the China Southern Power Grid Technology Project(GDKJXM20231415/030100KC23120104).
文摘In order to explore the effects of CaO,lignite dust and sawdust on the drying characteristics ofmunicipal sludge at different concentrations,a three-factor three-level regression experiment was carried out based on the results of thermogravimetric experiment and single factor experiment.By fitting three common mathematical models,the Page model with the highest fitting degree was selected to determine the most suitable mathematical model to describe the municipal sludge drying process.In addition,the Box-Behnken design principle in the response surface method was used to analyze the interaction of three factors on the drying characteristics of municipal sludge.The results of the study show that below 100℃is the optimal drying temperature range for municipal sludge.The results of single factor experiments showed that the order of influence of the three factors on sludge drying time was CaO concentration>sawdust concentration>lignite dust concentration.In the single factor experiment,the optimal process parameterswere CaOconcentration 3%,lignite powder concentration 7%,and sawdust concentration 7%.In themulti-factor interaction analysis,the interaction between CaO and sawdust had the most significant effect on the reduction of drying time,and the order of influence was as follows:CaO interaction with sawdust>lignite dust interaction with sawdust>CaO interaction with lignite powder.Further analysis showed that the optimal process ratio was 3%CaO concentration and 3%sawdust concentration.
基金the financial support from the Key Project of Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation-Key Project of Laboratory(2025SYS-SYSZD-117)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2025JCYBQN-125)+8 种基金Young Talent Fund of Xi'an Association for Science and Technology(0959202513002)the Key Industrial Chain Technology Research Program of Xi'an(24ZDCYJSGG0048)the Key Research and Development Program of Xianyang(L2023-ZDYF-SF-077)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20241442)Shaanxi Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024BSHSDZZ070)Research Funds for the Interdisciplinary Projects,CHU(300104240913)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,CHU(300102385739,300102384201,300102384103)the Scientific Innovation Practice Project of Postgraduate of Chang'an University(300103725063)the financial support from the Australian Research Council。
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),while dominant in energy storage due to high energy density and cycling stability,suffer from severe capacity decay,rate capability degradation,and lithium dendrite formation under low-temperature(LT)operation.Therefore,a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of LIB behavior at LT is urgently required.This review article comprehensively reviews recent advancements in electrolyte engineering strategies aimed at improving the low-temperature operational capabilities of LIBs.The study methodically examines critical performance-limiting mechanisms through fundamental analysis of four primary challenges:insufficient ionic conductivity under cryogenic conditions,kinetically hindered charge transfer processes,Li+transport limitations across the solidelectrolyte interphase(SEI),and uncontrolled lithium dendrite growth.The work elaborates on innovative optimization approaches encompassing lithium salt molecular design with tailored dissociation characteristics,solvent matrix optimization through dielectric constant and viscosity regulation,interfacial engineering additives for constructing low-impedance SEI layers,and gel-polymer composite electrolyte systems.Notably,particular emphasis is placed on emerging machine learning-guided electrolyte formulation strategies that enable high-throughput virtual screening of constituent combinations and prediction of structure-property relationships.These artificial intelligence-assisted rational design frameworks demonstrate significant potential for accelerating the development of next-generation LT electrolytes by establishing quantitative composition-performance correlations through advanced data-driven methodologies.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22309067)the Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering,China(No.KL21-05)the Marine Equipment and Technology Institute,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,China(No.XTCX202404)。
文摘This study focused on improving the cathode performance of Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.15)O_(3-δ)(BSCN)-based perovskite materials through molybdenum(Mo)doping.Pure BSCN and Mo-modified-BSCN—Ea_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.1)Mo_(0.05)O_(3-δ)(B S CNM_(0.05)),Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.05)Mo_(0.1)O_(3-δ)(BSCNM_(0.1)),and Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Mo_(0.15)O_(3-δ)(BSCM)—with Mo doping contents of 5mol%,10mol%,and15mol%,respectively,were successfully prepared using the sol-gel method.The effects of Mo doping on the crystal structure,conductivity,thermal expansion coefficient,oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity,and electrochemical performance were systematically evaluated using X-ray diffraction analysis,thermally induced characterization,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and single-cell performance tests.The results revealed that Mo doping could improve the conductivity of the materials,suppress their thermal expansion effects,and significantly improve the electrochemical performance.Surface chemical state analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that 5mol%Mo doping could facilitate a high adsorbed oxygen concentration leading to enhanced ORR activity in the materials.Density functional theory calculations confirmed that Mo doping promoted the ORR activity in the materials.At an operating temperature of 600℃,the BSCNM_(0.05)cathode material exhibited significantly enhanced electrochemical impedance characteristics,with a reduced area specific resistance of 0.048Ω·cm~2,which was lower than that of the undoped BSCN matrix material by 32.39%.At the same operating temperature,an anode-supported single cell using a BSCNM_(0.05)cathode achieved a peak power density of 1477 mW·cm^(-2),which was 30.71%,56.30%,and 171.50%higher than those of BSCN,BSCNM_(0.1),and B SCM,respectively.The improved ORR activity and electrochemical performance of BSCNM_(0.05)indicate that it can be used as a cathode material in low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells.
基金Supported by Maulana Azad National Fellowship,University Grants Commission,New Delhi,and Department of Biotechnology,New Delhi,No.AS[82-27/2019(SA III)]DBT-BUILDER-University of Lucknow Interdisciplinary Life Science Programme for Advance Research and Education(Level II),No.TG(BT/INF/22/SP47623/2022).
文摘Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a metabolic disorder,recognised during 24-28 weeks of pregnancy.GDM is linked with adverse newborn outcomes such as macrosomia,premature delivery,metabolic disorder,cardiovascular,and neurological disorders.Recent investigations have focused on the correlation of genetic factors such asβ-cell function and insulin secretary genes(transcription factor 7 like 2,potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily q member 1,adipo-nectin etc.)on maternal metabolism during gestation leading to GDM.Epigenetic alterations like DNA methylation,histone modification,and miRNA expression can influence gene expression and play a dominant role in feto-maternal meta-bolic pathways.Interactions between genes and environment,resulting in differ-ential gene expression patterns may lead to GDM.Researchers suggested that GDM women are more susceptible to insulin resistance,which alters intrauterine surroundings,resulting hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia.Epigenetic modi-fications in genes affecting neuroendocrine activities,and metabolism,increase the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in offspring.There is currently no treatment or effective preventive method for GDM,since the molecular processes of insulin resistance are not well understood.The present review was undertaken to un-derstand the pathophysiology of GDM and its effects on adverse neonatal out-comes.In addition,the study of genetic and epigenetic alterations will provide lead to researchers in the search for predictive molecular biomarkers.
基金supported by Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(No.SML2023SP243)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2906100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92475202)are acknowledged.
文摘Electrochemical metallurgy at low temperature(<473 K)shows promise for the extraction and refinement of metals and alloys in a green and sustainable manner.However,the kinetics of the electrodeposition process is generally slow at low temperature,resulting in large overpotential and low current efficiency.Thus,the application of external physical fields has emerged as an effective strategy for improving the mass and charge transfer processes during electrochemical reactions.This review highlights the challenges associated with low-temperature electrochemical processes and briefly discusses recent achievements in optimizing electrodeposition processes through the use of external physical fields.The regulating effects on the optimization of the electrodeposition process and the strategies for select-ing various external physical fields,including magnetic,supergravity,and ultrasonic fields are summarized from the perspectives of equipment and mechanisms.Finally,advanced methods for in-situ characterization of external physical field-assisted electrodeposition processes are reviewed to gain a deeper understanding of metallic electrodeposition.An in-depth exploration of the mechanism by which external physical fields affect the electrode process is essential for enhancing the efficiency of metal extraction at low temperatures.
基金supported by NIH funding(RF1NS110637,2RF1NS094527,R01NS110635)to JW.
文摘Traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)is a devastating exogenous injury with long-lasting consequences and a leading cause of death and disability worldwide.Advances in assistive technology,rehabilitative interventions,and the ability to identify and intervene in secondary conditions have significantly increased the long-term survival rate of SCI patients,with some people even living well into their seventh or eighth decade.These survival changes have led neurotrauma researchers to examine how SCI interacts with brain aging.Public health and epidemiological data showed that patients with long-term SCI can have a lower life expectancy and quality of life,along with a higher risk of comorbidities and complications.
基金financial support from the Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(20240304104SF,20240304103SF)the Research and Innovation Fund of the Beihua University for the Graduate Student(Major Project 2023012)。
文摘Lithium-ion batteries are widely recognized as prime candidates for energy storage devices.Ethylene carbonate(EC)has become a critical component in conventional commercial electrolytes due to its exceptional film-forming properties and high dielectric constant.However,the elevated freezing point,high viscosity,and strong solvation energy of EC significantly hinder the transport rate of Li^(+)and the desolvation process at low temperatures.This leads to substantial capacity loss and even lithium plating on graphite anodes.Herein,we have developed an efficient electrolyte system specifically designed for lowtemperature conditions,which consists of 1.0 M lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI)in isoxazole(IZ)with fluorobenzene(FB)as an uncoordinated solvent and fluoroethylene carbonate(FEC)as a filmforming co-solvent.This system effectively lowers the desolvation energy of Li^(+)through dipole-dipole interactions.The weak solvation capability allows more anions to enter the solvation sheath,promoting the formation of contact ion pairs(CIPs)and aggregates(AGGs)that enhance the transport rate of Li^(+)while maintaining high ionic conductivity across a broad temperature range.Moreover,the formation of inorganic-dominant interfacial phases on the graphite anode,induced by fluoroethylene carbonate,significantly enhances the kinetics of Li^(+)transport.At a low temperature of-20℃,this electrolyte system achieves an impressive reversible capacity of 200.9 mAh g^(-1)in graphite half-cell,which is nearly three times that observed with conventional EC-based electrolytes,demonstrating excellent stability throughout its operation.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia (2022SHZR1885)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei province (E2022402101,E2022402105)。
文摘To completely recover valuable elements and reduce the amount of waste,the impact of phosphoric acid on the decomposition of rare earth,fluorine and phosphorus during cyclic leaching was studied based on the characteristics of low-tempe rature sulfuric acid deco mposition.When a single monazite was leached using 75 wt% H_(2)SO_(4) solution with phosphoric acid,the size and number of monazite particles in the washing slag gradually decrease with the increase in phosphoric acid content in the leaching solution.The monazite phase can hardly be found in the slag when the phosphoric acid content reaches 70 g/L,which indicates that phosphoric acid is favorable for monazite decomposition.The mixed rare earth concentrate was leached by 75 wt% H_(2)SO_(4) containing 70 g/L phosphoric acid,the mineral compositions of the washing slag are only gypsum and unwashed rare earth sulfuric acid.After cyclic leaching of75 wt% H_(2)SO_(4),the mineral compositions of the primary leaching washing slag are mainly undecomposed monazite,rare earth sulfate and calcium sulfate.However,monazite is not found in the mineral phase of the second and third leaching washing slag.The leaching rates of rare earth and phosphorus gradually increase with the increase in cyclic leaching times.In addition,the phosphoric acid content in the leaching solution increases with the increase in the number of cyclic leaching time.However,the rising trend decreases when the phosphoric acid content reaches 50 g/L by adsorption and crystallization of phosphoric acid.A small amount of water can be used to clean the leaching residue before washing to recover the more soluble phosphorus acid according to the difference of dissolution between phosphoric acid and rare earth sulfuric acid.
文摘BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle alterations(SMAs)are being increasingly recognized in patients with metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)and appear to be associated with deleterious outcomes in these patients.However,their actual prevalence and pathophysiology remain to be elucidated.AIM To determine the prevalence of SMAs and to assess the significance of circulating myokines as biomarkers in patients with MASLD.METHODS Skeletal muscle strength and muscle mass were measured in a cross-sectional study in a cohort of 62 patients fulfilling MASLD criteria,recruited from the outpatient clinics of a tertiary level hospital.The degree of fibrosis and liver steatosis was studied using abdominal ultrasound and transitional elastography.Anthropometric and metabolic characteristics as well as serum levels of different myokines were also determined in the MASLD cohort.Statistical analysis was performed comparing results according to liver fibrosis and steatosis.RESULTS No significant differences were found in both skeletal muscle strength and skeletal muscle mass in patients with MASLD between different stages of liver fibrosis.Interestingly,serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-21(FGF21)were significantly higher in patients with MASLD with advanced hepatic fibrosis(F3-F4)than in those with lower fibrosis stages(F0-F2)(197.49±198.27 pg/mL vs 95.62±83.67 pg/mL;P=0.049).In addition,patients with MASLD with severe hepatosteatosis(S3)exhibited significantly higher serum levels of irisin(1116.87±1161.86 pg/mL)than those with lower grades(S1-S2)(385.21±375.98 pg/mL;P=0.001).CONCLUSION SMAs were uncommon in the patients with MASLD studied.Higher serum levels of irisin and FGF21 were detected in patients with advanced liver steatosis and fibrosis,respectively,with potential implications as biomarkers.
文摘Because of their excellent low-temperature(−15 to−40℃)tolerance,sodium-ion batteries are emerging as a complement to lithium-ion batteries for use in extremely cold environments(e.g.high-latitude areas).Hard carbon has a high low-voltage sodium storage capacity and a good initial efficiency,making it one of the most promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries.It has a complex structure,featuring closed pores,nano graphitic domains,and surface functional groups.The sodium storage sites in hard carbon are reviewed as are the widely accepted sodium storage mechanisms.The main factors contributing to the degradation of the good low-temperature performance in hard carbon anodes are considered,including sodium dendrite formation,low ion diffusion rates,and surface-side reactions.Finally,strategies to increase the low-temperature sodium storage performance of hard carbon anodes are summarized,including bulk structure design,and improvements in interfaces and cut-off voltage.Guidance is provided for improving the low-temperature performance of hard carbon anodes to accelerate the development of these batteries.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22479022)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC2007129)。
文摘Aqueous zinc metal batteries(ZMBs)which are environmentally benign and cheap can be used for grid-scale energy storage,but have a short cycling life mainly due to the poor reversibility of zinc metal anodes in mild aqueous electrolytes.A zincophilic carbon(ZC)layer was deposited on a Zn metal foil at 450°C by the up-stream pyrolysis of a hydrogen-bonded supramolecular substance framework,as-sembled from melamine(ME)and cyanuric acid(CA).The zincophilic groups(C=O and C=N)in the ZC layer guide uniform zinc plating/stripping and eliminate dendrites and side reactions.so that assembled symmetrical batteries(ZC@Zn//ZC@Zn)have a long-term service life of 2500 h at 1 mA cm^(−2) and 1 mAh cm^(−2),which is much longer than that of bare Zn anodes(180 h).In addition,ZC@Zn//V2O5 full batteries have a higher capacity of 174 mAh g^(−1) after 1200 cycles at 2 A g^(−1) than a Zn//V_(2)O_(5) counterpart(100 mAh g^(−1)).The strategy developed for the low-temperat-ure deposition of the ZC layer is a new way to construct advanced zinc metal anodes for ZMBs.
基金the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2019YFC1509704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1704243,41741019,41977249 and 42090052)+2 种基金the Henan Province Science and Technology Research Project(Nos.192102310006,232102320035)the Innovation Fund for Doctoral Students of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power(No.NCWUBC202313)the Key Research Project Plan for Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province(No.24A410003).
文摘Altered rock,often encountered in major engineering projects,can seriously affect the stability of rocks and slopes surrounding deeply buried tunnels.This study addressed the alteration mechanism,alteration degree classification,and mechanical parameters of altered rock in engineering project areas using field testing,thin slice identification,X-ray diffraction,and major element testing.Results showed that the altered rock types in the areas of the Pingjiang Pumped Storage Power Station,Hunan Province,and a diversion tunnel in northern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region include biotite granodiorite,biotite monzogranite,and cataclastic granite,and that the main alteration mechanisms are chloritization of biotite and clayization of feldspar minerals.The altered rocks were classified as slightly,moderately,or strongly altered according to their apparent characteristics,rebound value,longitudinal wave velocity,metamorphic mineral content,and porosity.The bulk density,elastic modulus,cohesion,and internal friction angle(Poisson’s ratio)of the altered rocks decreased(increased)with increase in the degree of alteration.Numerical simulations showed that in altered rock slope areas,the zone of strong rock alteration and the moderate-strong alteration contact zone exhibit locally large deformations that represent a certain hazard to engineering projects.These results provide valuable guidance and support for major projects in altered rock areas.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Project of Heilongjiang Province(2022ZX02B01)the Natural Science Foundation Project of Heilongjiang Province(YQ2022C009)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(K22LB56)。
文摘Maize(Zea mays L.),a globally significant cereal crop,is produced in vast quantities worldwide.However,its growth is severely constrained by low temperatures,particularly during seed germination,which significantly impairs seedling emergence.In this study,genetic diversity across six germination-associated phenotypic traits(RGR,RSL,RTL,RRSA,RRV,and RSVI)of 304 inbred lines was analyzed,to evaluate the capacity of these lines for low-temperature tolerance.Genome-wide association study(GWAS)was carried out by combining six germination-associated phenotypic traits and genotypic data from 30-fold resequencing.The gene ZmBARK1 was identified through integrated GWAS and RNA-seq analyses,and its association with low-temperature tolerance during maize germination was validated by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR).ZmBARK1,encoding BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-associated receptor kinase 1,was located on the bin 4.09 region of maize chromosome 4.Amino acid comparison and subcellular localization analyses revealed that ZmBARK1 is highly homologous to AtBAK1 and is localized to the plasma membrane of the cell,which may be involved in regulating brassinosteroid(BR)signaling.In addition,we revealed the role of ZmBARK1 in low-temperature tolerance during maize germination.Compared with wild-type(WT),the ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)mutant zmbark1 was characterized by substantially enhanced low-temperature tolerance.Overall,these findings provide promising candidate genes,improve low-temperature tolerance in maize,and advance the understanding of regulatory mechanisms underlying maize's response to low-temperature stress.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42122012,U2444208)the Inner Mongolia Academician Project(No.2022-TZH03)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2652023001)。
文摘The patterns of metal distribution and alteration zonation in magmatic-hydrothermal systems primarily focus on porphyry deposit and other closely associated types,such as skarn,epithermal and distal vein deposits(e.g.,Zheng,2022;Hutchison et al.,2020;Cooke et al.,2011;Hedenquist et al.,1998).
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52175143,and 51571150).
文摘Magnesium alloys are widely used in aerospace and automotive industries due to their lightweight.However,their poor fatigue performance limits the broader application,especially in dynamic stress environments.This study explores novel coupled pretreatments of free-end largeangle pre-torsion and low-temperature aging to improve the fatigue resistance of rolled ZK60 magnesium alloy.STA(pre-torsion followed by low-temperature aging)and SAT(low-temperature aging followed by pre-torsion)samples were prepared to investigate the influences of pretreatment coupling sequences.The results of microstructure characterization reveal that pre-torsion significantly enhances the formation of tensile twins and introduces a gradient microstructure with increased dislocation density from the center to the edges.STA process resulted in the highest twinning area fraction of 35.2% and a kernel average misorientation of 0.94 at the edge.Mechanical testing demonstrated that the coupled pre-treatment obtained a better combination of strength and plasticity,significantly improved the yield strength in the compression stage,and increased the tensile-compressive yield ratio to>0.9.In the low-cycle fatigue test,the STA samples exhibited lower cyclic mean stress,a smaller cyclic hardening trend,and better hysteretic symmetry,leading to an improvement in fatigue life of up to 256%.The findings suggest that the combined pre-torsion and low-temperature aging treatments offer a promising approach to enhance the mechanical properties and fatigue resistance of ZK60 magnesium alloy,making it suitable for structural applications in demanding environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272791 and 32072651)the earmarked fund for CARS(CARS-23)+1 种基金the Joint Fund for Innovation Enhancement of Liaoning Province,China(2021-NLTS-11-01)the support program for Young and Middle-aged Scientific and Technological Innovation Talents,China(RC210293)。
文摘Abscisic acid(ABA)plays a key role in promoting the growth and development of plants,as well as mediating the responses of plants to adverse environmental conditions.Here,we measured the photosynthetic capacity of wild-type RR,mutant sitiens(sit),and ABA-pretreated sit tomato seedlings following exposure to low-temperature(LT)stress.We found that the net photosynthetic rate,intercellular carbon dioxide concentration,transpiration rate,and stomatal conductance of sit seedlings were lower than those of RR seedlings under LT stress.The chloroplast width,area,and number of osmiophilic granules were significantly larger in sit seedlings than in RR seedlings,while the chloroplast length/width ratio was significantly lower in sit seedlings than in RR seedlings.The photochemical activity of sit seedlings was lower,and the expression of photosynthesis-related genes in sit seedlings was altered following exposure to LT stress.ABA pretreatment significantly alleviated the above phenomenon.We also conducted an RNA sequencing analysis and characterized the expression patterns of genes in tomato seedlings following exposure to LT stress.We constructed 15 cDNA libraries and identified several differentially expressed genes involved in photosynthesis,plant hormone signaling transduction,and primary and secondary metabolism.Additional analyses of genes encoding transcription factors and proteins involved in photosynthesis-related processes showed pronounced changes in expression under LT stress.Luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that WRKY22 regulates the expression of PsbA.The PSII of WRKY22 and PsbA-silenced plants was inhibited.Our findings indicate that ABA plays a role in regulating the process of photosynthesis and protecting PSII in tomato under LT stress through the WRKY22-PsbA complex.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072352)。
文摘The low-temperature spray drying technology was developed to process instant berry powder with high efficiency and higher anthocyanin retention.The maltodextrin,whey protein and inulin were selected as additives for instant properties formation in berry powder.The effects of inlet air temperature(40℃–80℃),vacuum degree(0.02–0.06 MPa)and additive amount on the physicochemical properties of berry powder were analyzed through solubility,anthocyanin retention and powder yield,based on moisture content and microstructure.The findings indicated that adding maltodextrin to berry enhanced the powder yield and instant solubility.Whey protein,as an additive,provided effective protection for the anthocyanins of berry powder,and the addition less than 10 g·100^(-1) g improved the powder yield.Inulin,as an additive,reduced moisture content of berry powder,which was conducive to the higher anthocyanin retention and solubility.Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)analysis was conducted to optimize the spray drying parameters for anthocyanin protection and solubility.The addition of 100%maltodextrin enhanced anthocyanin protection and solubility,while maintaining the desired moisture content and powder yield.This approach was used to evaluate the comprehensive quality of berry powder.This research can provide technical guidance for producing berry powder under low-temperature spray drying.
