Lithium-ion batteries are widely recognized as prime candidates for energy storage devices.Ethylene carbonate(EC)has become a critical component in conventional commercial electrolytes due to its exceptional film-form...Lithium-ion batteries are widely recognized as prime candidates for energy storage devices.Ethylene carbonate(EC)has become a critical component in conventional commercial electrolytes due to its exceptional film-forming properties and high dielectric constant.However,the elevated freezing point,high viscosity,and strong solvation energy of EC significantly hinder the transport rate of Li^(+)and the desolvation process at low temperatures.This leads to substantial capacity loss and even lithium plating on graphite anodes.Herein,we have developed an efficient electrolyte system specifically designed for lowtemperature conditions,which consists of 1.0 M lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI)in isoxazole(IZ)with fluorobenzene(FB)as an uncoordinated solvent and fluoroethylene carbonate(FEC)as a filmforming co-solvent.This system effectively lowers the desolvation energy of Li^(+)through dipole-dipole interactions.The weak solvation capability allows more anions to enter the solvation sheath,promoting the formation of contact ion pairs(CIPs)and aggregates(AGGs)that enhance the transport rate of Li^(+)while maintaining high ionic conductivity across a broad temperature range.Moreover,the formation of inorganic-dominant interfacial phases on the graphite anode,induced by fluoroethylene carbonate,significantly enhances the kinetics of Li^(+)transport.At a low temperature of-20℃,this electrolyte system achieves an impressive reversible capacity of 200.9 mAh g^(-1)in graphite half-cell,which is nearly three times that observed with conventional EC-based electrolytes,demonstrating excellent stability throughout its operation.展开更多
ZnAl_(2)O_(4) and ZnAl_(2)O_(4)-based ceramics have attracted much attention from researchers due to their good microwave dielectric,thermal and mechanical properties.In this work,the influence of 5%(in mass)CuO-TiO_(...ZnAl_(2)O_(4) and ZnAl_(2)O_(4)-based ceramics have attracted much attention from researchers due to their good microwave dielectric,thermal and mechanical properties.In this work,the influence of 5%(in mass)CuO-TiO_(2)-Nb_(2)O_(5)(CTN)ternary composite oxide additives with different composition ratios on sintering behavior and properties of ZnAl_(2)O_(4) microwave dielectric ceramics was investigated.When the molar fraction ranges of Cu,Ti and Nb elements in 5%CTN additives are 0.625-0.875,0-0.250 and 0.125-0.625,respectively,sintering temperature of ZnAl_(2)O_(4) ceramics can be reduced from above 1400℃to below 1000℃.The sintering additives CN(Cu:Nb=1:1,molar ratio)and CTN(Cu:Ti:Nb=4:1:3,molar ratio)can reduce sintering temperature of ZnAl_(2)O_(4) ceramics to 975 and 1000℃,respectively,while maintaining good dielectric properties(dielectric constantε_(r)=11.36,quality factor Q׃=8245 GHz andε_(r)=9.52,Q׃=22249 GHz)and flexural strengths(200 and 161 MPa),which are expected to be applied in preparation of low temperature co-fired ceramic(LTCC)materials with copper electrodes.Low-temperature sintering of the ZnAl_(2)O_(4)+CTN system is characterized as activated sintering.Nanometer-level amorphous interfacial films containing Cu,Ti,and Nb elements are observed at the grain boundaries,which may provide fast diffusion pathways for mass transportation during the sintering process.Valence changes of Ti and Cu ions,along with changes of oxygen vacancies,are confirmed,which provides a potential mechanism for reduced sintering temperature of ZnAl_(2)O_(4) ceramics.In addition,a series of reactions occurring at the grain boundaries can activate these boundaries and further promote the sintering densification process.These results suggest a promising way to design a novel LTCC material with excellent properties based on the low temperature sintering of ceramics with the sintering aid of CuO-TiO_(2)-Nb_(2)O_(5) composite oxide.展开更多
Low-altitude economy opens up a completely new aerial space for economic growth by enabling brand new services such as fast logistics delivery,timely emergency rescue,and wide-area,high-definition environmental monito...Low-altitude economy opens up a completely new aerial space for economic growth by enabling brand new services such as fast logistics delivery,timely emergency rescue,and wide-area,high-definition environmental monitoring.This new space has many distinct features and therefore faces many new challenges compared with ground-and high-altitude-based information infrastructures.As a result,the rapid and mass development of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)in low-altitude space will inevitably necessitate research on providing ultra-reliable,low-latency,high-capacity.展开更多
Chronic lower back pain(LBP)is the leading cause of disability worldwide.Due to its close relationship with intervertebral disc(IVD)degeneration(IVDD),research has historically focused more on understanding the mechan...Chronic lower back pain(LBP)is the leading cause of disability worldwide.Due to its close relationship with intervertebral disc(IVD)degeneration(IVDD),research has historically focused more on understanding the mechanism behind IVDD while clinical efforts prioritize pain management.More recently,there has been a shift toward understanding LBP as a distinct pathological entity.This review synthesizes current knowledge on discogenic LBP,combining known pathophysiology,molecular mechanisms,risk factors,diagnostic challenges,and available experimental models.IVDD is a complex,multifactorial process involving biochemical,mechanical,and inflammatory changes within the disc,leading to structural breakdown and potential discogenic pain.Key mechanisms include extracellular matrix degradation,upregulation of inflammatory mediators,immune cell infiltration,and aberrant nerve and vascular ingrowth.However,not all cases of IVDD result in LBP,highlighting the need for further investigation into the cellular,molecular,and biomechanical factors contributing to symptom development.Current diagnostic tools and experimental models for studying discogenic LBP remain limited,impeding the development of targeted treatments.Existing therapies primarily focus on symptom management rather than addressing underlying disease mechanisms.展开更多
The Aleutian Low(AL)is a dominant feature of the mean circulation in the North Pacific during the winter season.The background stationary wave,air-sea interaction,and transient eddies over the North Pacific exert dist...The Aleutian Low(AL)is a dominant feature of the mean circulation in the North Pacific during the winter season.The background stationary wave,air-sea interaction,and transient eddies over the North Pacific exert distinct impacts on the interannual variations of the AL intensity and position.In this study,we adopt the quasi-geostrophic geopotential tendency equation to investigate the roles of various physical processes in the maintenance and interannual variations of this system.The results show that absolute vorticity advection plays the most important role in the formation and maintenance of AL intensity,while high-frequency transient eddies contribute most to the meridional and zonal shifts of the AL.The high-frequency transient eddy vorticity forcing affects the AL through the barotropic energy conversion process,and,in turn,the AL enhances the high-frequency transient eddies through the baroclinic energy conversion process,forming a positive feedback.The associated high-frequency eddy kinetic energy anomalies exhibit an eastward movement toward the east coast of North America in the years of an intensified AL,which explains why a strengthened AL is often accompanied by an eastward movement.Furthermore,the energy conversion terms of high-frequency transient eddies are mostly located over the extratropical eastern North Pacific,leading to asymmetric features in the zonal movement of the AL.展开更多
This paper presents a photonic crystal(PhC)line-defect slow-light waveguide modified by resonant rings.We introduce resonant rings into the line defect,constructing a slow-light waveguide with high normalized delay ba...This paper presents a photonic crystal(PhC)line-defect slow-light waveguide modified by resonant rings.We introduce resonant rings into the line defect,constructing a slow-light waveguide with high normalized delay bandwidth product(NDBP)and low group velocity dispersion(GVD).We simulate,analyze,and optimize the structural parameters of this slow-light waveguide using the finite difference time domain(FDTD)method,theoretically achieving a maximum group index of 3.7,maximum bandwidth of 15.6 nm,and maximum NDBP of 0.4416 for slow-light effect.The resonant ring-modified PhC slow-light waveguide designed in this paper exhibits GVD lower than the order of 10^(−20)s^(2)/m over a normalized frequency range from 0.3554 to 0.4175.This study is expected to provide theoretical references for the study of slow-light buffering devices based on PhCs with high NDBP values.展开更多
Electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials with superior shielding efficiency and low-reflection properties hold promising potential for utilization across electronic components,precision instruments,and fif...Electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials with superior shielding efficiency and low-reflection properties hold promising potential for utilization across electronic components,precision instruments,and fifth-generation communication equipment.In this study,multistage microcellular waterborne polyurethane(WPU)composites were constructed via gradient induction,layer-by-layer casting,and supercritical carbon dioxide foaming.The gradient-structured WPU/ironcobalt loaded reduced graphene oxide(FeCo@rGO)foam serves as an impedance-matched absorption layer,while the highly conductive WPU/silver loaded glass microspheres(Ag@GM)layer is employed as a reflection layer.Thanks to the incorporation of an asymmetric structure,as well as the introduction of gradient and porous configurations,the composite foam demonstrates excellent conductivity,outstanding EMI SE(74.9 dB),and minimal reflection characteristics(35.28%)in 8.2-12.4 GHz,implying that more than 99.99999%of electromagnetic(EM)waves were blocked and only 35.28%were reflected to the external environment.Interestingly,the reflectivity of the composite foam is reduced to 0.41%at 10.88 GHz due to the resonance for incident and reflected EM waves.Beyond that,the composite foam is characterized by low density(0.47 g/cm^(3))and great stability of EMI shielding properties.This work offers a viable approach for craft-ing lightweight,highly shielding,and minimally reflective EMI shielding composites.展开更多
Two anaerobic ammonia oxidation(anammox)systems,one with adding nano-scale zerovalent iron modified biochar(nZVI@BC)and the other with adding biochar,were constructed to explore the feasibility of nZVI@BC for enhancin...Two anaerobic ammonia oxidation(anammox)systems,one with adding nano-scale zerovalent iron modified biochar(nZVI@BC)and the other with adding biochar,were constructed to explore the feasibility of nZVI@BC for enhancing the resistance of low-nitrogen anammox processes to low temperatures.The results showed that the average nitrogen removal efficiency with nZVI@BC addition at lowtemperatureswas maintained at about 80%,while that with biochar addition gradually decreased to 69.49%.The heme-c content of biomass with nZVI@BC was significantly higher by 36.60%-91.45%.Additional,nZVI@BC addition resulted in more extracellular polymeric substances,better biomass granulation,and a higher abundance of anammox bacteria.In particularly,anammox genes hzsA/B/C,hzo and hdh played a pivotal role in maintaining nitrogen removal performance at 15℃.These findings suggest that nZVI@BC has the potential to enhance the resistance of low-nitrogen anammox processes to low temperatures,making it a valuable approach for practical applications in low-nitrogen and low-temperature wastewater treatment.展开更多
Low temperature(LT)in spring has become one of the principal abiotic stresses that restrict the growth and development of wheat.Diverse analyses were performed to investigate the mechanism underlying the response of w...Low temperature(LT)in spring has become one of the principal abiotic stresses that restrict the growth and development of wheat.Diverse analyses were performed to investigate the mechanism underlying the response of wheat grain development to LT stress during booting.These included morphological observation,measurements of starch synthase activity,and determination of amylose and amylopectin content of wheat grain after exposure to treatment with LT during booting.Additionally,proteomic analysis was performed using tandem mass tags(TMT).Results showed that the plumpness of wheat grains decreased after LT stress.Moreover,the activities of sucrose synthase(SuS,EC 2.4.1.13)and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase,EC 2.7.7.27)exhibited a significant reduction,leading to a significant reduction in the contents of amylose and amylopectin.A total of 509 differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)were identified by proteomics analysis.The Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis showed that the protein difference multiple in the nutritional repository activity was the largest among the molecular functions,and the up-regulated seed storage protein(ssP)played an active role in the response of grains to LT stress and subsequent damage.The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis showed that LT stress reduced the expression of DEPs such as sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS),glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase(glgC),andβ-fructofuranosidase(FFase)in sucrose and starch metabolic pathways,thus affecting the synthesis of grain starch.In addition,many heat shock proteins(HsPs)were found in the protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathways,which can resist some damage caused by LT stress.These findings provide a new theoretical foundation for elucidating the underlying mechanism governing wheat yield developmentafterexposuretoLTstress inspring.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)face significant limitations in low-temperature environments,with the slow interfacial de-solvation process and the hindered Li+transport through the interphase layer emerging as key obstacl...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)face significant limitations in low-temperature environments,with the slow interfacial de-solvation process and the hindered Li+transport through the interphase layer emerging as key obstacles beyond the issue of ionic conductivity.This investigation unveils a novel formulation that constructs an anion-rich solvation sheath within strong solvents,effectively addressing all three of these challenges to bolster low-temperature performance.The developed electrolyte,characterized by an enhanced concentration of contact ion pairs(CIPs)and aggregates(AGGs),facilitates the formation of an inorganic-rich interphase layer on the anode and cathode particles.This promotes de-solvation at low temperatures and stabilizes the electrode-electrolyte interphase.Full cells composed of LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)(NCM622)and graphite,when equipped with this electrolyte,showcase remarkable cycle stability and capacity retention,with 93.3% retention after 500 cycles at room temperature(RT)and 95.5%after 120 cycles at -20℃.This study validates the utility of the anion-rich solvation sheath in strong solvents as a strategy for the development of low-temperature electrolytes.展开更多
Rationally regulating the porosity of hard carbon(HC),especially the closed pores matching the low potential plateau and the ultra-microporous structure suitable for Na+embedding,has been shown to be the key to improv...Rationally regulating the porosity of hard carbon(HC),especially the closed pores matching the low potential plateau and the ultra-microporous structure suitable for Na+embedding,has been shown to be the key to improving the sodium storage performance and initial coulombic efficiency(ICE).However,the preparation of such HC materials with specific pore structures still faces great challenges.Herein,a simple pre-oxidation strategy is employed to construct abundant closed ultra-microporous structures in soy protein powder-derived HC material,achieving a significant improvement in its ICE and platform capacity.The pre-oxidation process promotes the cross-linking degree of the soy protein,thereby hindering the directional growth of graphite domains during the carbonization process.The optimized HC exhibits ultra-high platform capacity(329 mAh g^(-1))and considerable energy density(148.5 Wh kg^(-1)).Based on the ex-situ Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization results,the excellent sodium storage capacity of the HC material is attributed to the synergistic effect of adsorption-intercalation/filling.The presented work provides novel insights into the synthesis of other biomass-derived HC materials with abundant closed ultra-micro pores.展开更多
We are intrigued by the issues of shock instability,with a particular emphasis on numerical schemes that address the carbuncle phenomenon by reducing dissipation rather than increasing it.For a specific class of plana...We are intrigued by the issues of shock instability,with a particular emphasis on numerical schemes that address the carbuncle phenomenon by reducing dissipation rather than increasing it.For a specific class of planar flow fields where the transverse direction exhibits vanishing but non-zero velocity components,such as a disturbed onedimensional(1D)steady shock wave,we conduct a formal asymptotic analysis for the Euler system and associated numerical methods.This analysis aims to illustrate the discrepancies among various low-dissipative numerical algorithms.Furthermore,a numerical stability analysis of steady shock is undertaken to identify the key factors underlying shock-stable algorithms.To verify the stability mechanism,a consistent,low-dissipation,and shock-stable HLLC-type Riemann solver is presented.展开更多
This paper presents a design method to implement an antenna array characterized by ultra-wide beam coverage,low profile,and low Sidelobe Level(SLL)for the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)air-to-ground commu...This paper presents a design method to implement an antenna array characterized by ultra-wide beam coverage,low profile,and low Sidelobe Level(SLL)for the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)air-to-ground communication.The array consists of ten broadside-radiating,ultrawide-beamwidth elements that are cascaded by a central-symmetry series-fed network with tapered currents following Dolph-Chebyshev distribution to provide low SLL.First,an innovative design of end-fire Huygens source antenna that is compatible with metal ground is presented.A low-profile,half-mode Microstrip Patch Antenna(MPA)is utilized to serve as the magnetic dipole and a monopole is utilized to serves as the electric dipole,constructing the compact,end-fire,grounded Huygens source antenna.Then,two opposite-oriented end-fire Huygens source antennas are seamlessly integrated into a single antenna element in the form of monopole-loaded MPA to accomplish the ultrawide,broadside-radiating beam.Particular consideration has been applied into the design of series-fed network as well as antenna element to compensate the adverse coupling effects between elements on the radiation performance.Experiment indicates an ultrawide Half-Power Beamwidth(HPBW)of 161°and a low SLL of-25 dB with a high gain of 12 d Bi under a single-layer configuration.The concurrent ultrawide beamwidth and low SLL make it particularly attractive for applications of UAV air-to-ground communication.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) with organic electrodes are an emerging research direction due to the sustainability of organic materials based on elements like C,H,O,and sodium ions.Currently,organic electrode materials ...Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) with organic electrodes are an emerging research direction due to the sustainability of organic materials based on elements like C,H,O,and sodium ions.Currently,organic electrode materials for SIBs are mainly used as cathodes because of their relatively high redox potentials(>1 V).Organic electrodes with low redox potential that can be used as anode are rare.Herein,a novel organic anode material (tetrasodium 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylate,Na_(4)TDC) has been developed with low redox potential (<0.7 V) and excellent cyclic stability.Its three-sodium storage mechanism was demonstrated with various in-situ/ex-situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations,showing a high capacity of 208 mAh/g and an average decay rate of merely 0.022%per cycle.Moreover,the Na_(4)TDC-hard carbon composite can further acquire improved capacity and cycling stability for 1200 cycles even with a high mass loading of up to 20 mg cm^(-2).By pairing with a thick Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)cathode (20.6 mg cm^(-2)),the as-fabricated full cell exhibited high operating voltage (2.8 V),excellent rate performance and cycling stability with a high capacity retention of 88.7% after 200 cycles,well highlighting the Na_(4)TDC anode material for SIBs.展开更多
Tectonic activities significantly impact deep reservoir properties via sedimentary and diagenetic processes,and this is particularly true for lacustrine rift basins.The tectonic-sedimentary-diageneticreservoir system ...Tectonic activities significantly impact deep reservoir properties via sedimentary and diagenetic processes,and this is particularly true for lacustrine rift basins.The tectonic-sedimentary-diageneticreservoir system is crucial in deep reservoir exploration.This study examined the first member and upper submember of the second member of the Dongying Formation in the Bodong Low Uplift in the Bohai Bay Basin(East China),documenting the petrologic features and physical properties of reservoirs in different tectonic sub-units through integrated analysis of log and rock data,along with core observation.A mechanism for deep reservoir formation in lacustrine rift basins was developed to elucidate the sedimentary and diagenetic processes in complex tectonic settings.The results show that tectonic activities result in the occurrence of provenances in multiple directions and the existence of reservoirs at varying burial depths,as well as the significant diversity in sedimentary and diagenetic processes.The grain sizes of the sandstones,influenced by transport pathways rather than the topography of the sedimentary area,exhibit spatial complexity due to tectonic frameworks,which determine the initial pore content of reservoirs.However,the burial depth,influenced by subsequent tectonic subsidence,significantly impacts pore evolution during diagenesis.Based on the significant differences of reservoirs in slope zone,low uplift and depression zone,we establish different tectonic-diagenetic models in deep complex tectonic units of lacustrine rift basins.展开更多
Zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)are inexpensive and safe,but side reactions on the Zn anode and Zn dendrite growth hinder their practical applications.In this study,1,3,5-triformylphloroglycerol(Tp)and various diamine monomer...Zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)are inexpensive and safe,but side reactions on the Zn anode and Zn dendrite growth hinder their practical applications.In this study,1,3,5-triformylphloroglycerol(Tp)and various diamine monomers(p-phenylenediamine(Pa),benzidine(BD),and 4,4"-diamino-p-terphenyl(DATP))were used to synthesize a series of two-dimensional covalent-organic frameworks(COFs).The resulting COFs were named TpPa,TpBD,and TpDATP,respectively,and they showed uniform zincophilic sites,different pore sizes,and high Young's moduli on the Zn anode.Among them,TpPa and TpBD showed lower surface work functions and higher ion transfer numbers,which were conducive to uniform galvanizing/stripping zinc and inhibited dendrite growth.Theoretical calculations showed that TpPa and TpBD had wider negative potential region and greater adsorption capacity for Zn2+than TpDATP,providing more electron donor sites to coordinate with Zn^(2+).Symmetric cells protected by TpPa and TpBD stably cycled for more than 2300 h,whereas TpDATP@Zn and the bare zinc symmetric cells failed after around 150 and200 h.The full cells containing TpPa and TpBD modification layers also showed excellent cycling capacity at 1 A/g.This study provides comprehensive insights into the construction of highly reversible Zn anodes via COF modification layers for advanced rechargeable ZIBs.展开更多
Ultra-low emission of nitrogen oxide(NO_(x))is an irreversible trend for the development of waste-to-energy industry.But traditional approaches to remove NO_(x) face significant challenge s,such as low denitration eff...Ultra-low emission of nitrogen oxide(NO_(x))is an irreversible trend for the development of waste-to-energy industry.But traditional approaches to remove NO_(x) face significant challenge s,such as low denitration efficiency,complex denitration system,and high investment and operating cost.Here we put forward a novel polymer non-catalytic reduction(PNCR)technology that utilized a new type of polymer agent to remove NO_(x),and the proposed PNCR technology was applied to the existing waste-to-energy plant to test the denitration performance.The PNCR technology demonstrated excellent denitration performance with a NO_(x) emission concentration of<100 mg/Nm^(3) and high denitration efficiency of>75%at the temperature range of 800-900℃,which showed the application feasibility even on the complex and unstable industrial operating conditions.In addition,PNCR and hybrid polymer/selective non-catalytic reduction(PNCR/SNCR)technology possessed remarkable economic advantages including low investment fee and low operating cost of<10 CNY per ton of municipal solid waste(MSW)compared with selective catalytic reduction(SCR)technology.The excellent denitration performance of PNCR technology forebodes a broad industrial application prospect in the field of flue gas cleaning for waste-to-energy plants.展开更多
Understanding the storage mechanisms in CO_(2)flooding is crucial,as many carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)projects are related to enhanced oil recovery(EOR).CO_(2)storage in reservoirs across large timesca...Understanding the storage mechanisms in CO_(2)flooding is crucial,as many carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)projects are related to enhanced oil recovery(EOR).CO_(2)storage in reservoirs across large timescales undergoes the two storage stages of oil displacement and well shut-in,which cover mul-tiple replacement processes of injection-production synchronization,injection only with no production,and injection-production stoppage.Because the controlling mechanism of CO_(2)storage in different stages is unknown,the evolution of CO_(2)storage mechanisms over large timescales is not understood.A math-ematical model for the evaluation of CO_(2)storage,including stratigraphic,residual,solubility,and mineral trapping in low-permeability tight sandstone reservoirs,was established using experimental and theoret-ical analyses.Based on a detailed geological model of the Huaziping Oilfield,calibrated with reservoir permeability and fracture characteristic parameters obtained from well test results,a dynamic simulation of CO_(2)storage for the entire reservoir life cycle under two scenarios of continuous injection and water-gas alternation were considered.The results show that CO_(2)storage exhibits the significant stage charac-teristics of complete storage,dynamic storage,and stable storage.The CO_(2)storage capacity and storage rate under the continuous gas injection scenario(scenario 1)were 6.34×10^(4)t and 61%,while those under the water-gas alternation scenario(scenario 2)were 4.62×10^(4)t and 46%.The proportions of stor-age capacity under scenarios 1 and 2 for structural or stratigraphic,residual,solubility,and mineral trap-ping were 33.36%,33.96%,32.43%,and 0.25%;and 15.09%,38.65%,45.77%,and 0.49%,respectively.The evolution of the CO_(2)storage mechanism showed an overall trend:stratigraphic and residual trapping first increased and then decreased,whereas solubility trapping gradually decreased,and mineral trapping continuously increased.Based on these results,an evolution diagram of the CO_(2)storage mechanism of low-permeability tight sandstone reservoirs across large timescales was established.展开更多
This study investigates the influence of major climatic modes on the interannual variability of the annual minimum extent of Antarctic sea ice.It shows that the Southern Annular Mode(SAM),the Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD),...This study investigates the influence of major climatic modes on the interannual variability of the annual minimum extent of Antarctic sea ice.It shows that the Southern Annular Mode(SAM),the Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD),and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO),along with the total sea ice condition during the preceding spring,serve as precursor signals of February sea ice extent(SIE).These climate modes interact,energizing the Pacific-South American pattern(PSA),which deepens and shifts the Amundsen Sea Low(ASL)westward in spring.This pattern generates a dipole sea ice anomaly characterized by an increase in sea ice in the northern Ross Sea but a decrease in ice in the Bellingshausen and northern Weddell Seas.However,as the season transitions into summer,the ASL exerts a pronounced delayed effect,contributing to widespread sea ice loss across West Antarctica.Strong southerly winds on the western flank of the ASL push sea ice away from the inner Ross Sea,exposing coastal waters that absorb solar radiation,thereby accelerating ice melt through positive ice-albedo feedback.Simultaneously,northwesterly winds on the eastern flank transport warm air toward the Bellingshausen and northern Weddell Seas,intensifying ice loss in these regions.Furthermore,the active PSA is accompanied by a tripole sea surface temperature pattern characterized by warming in the Weddell Sea,which promotes continued ice melt.The co-occurrence of an exceptionally positive SAM,a La Niña,and a strong negative IOD during spring 2022,combined with lower-than-normal total spring SIE,ultimately contributed to the record-low Antarctic SIE observed in February 2023.展开更多
基金financial support from the Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(20240304104SF,20240304103SF)the Research and Innovation Fund of the Beihua University for the Graduate Student(Major Project 2023012)。
文摘Lithium-ion batteries are widely recognized as prime candidates for energy storage devices.Ethylene carbonate(EC)has become a critical component in conventional commercial electrolytes due to its exceptional film-forming properties and high dielectric constant.However,the elevated freezing point,high viscosity,and strong solvation energy of EC significantly hinder the transport rate of Li^(+)and the desolvation process at low temperatures.This leads to substantial capacity loss and even lithium plating on graphite anodes.Herein,we have developed an efficient electrolyte system specifically designed for lowtemperature conditions,which consists of 1.0 M lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI)in isoxazole(IZ)with fluorobenzene(FB)as an uncoordinated solvent and fluoroethylene carbonate(FEC)as a filmforming co-solvent.This system effectively lowers the desolvation energy of Li^(+)through dipole-dipole interactions.The weak solvation capability allows more anions to enter the solvation sheath,promoting the formation of contact ion pairs(CIPs)and aggregates(AGGs)that enhance the transport rate of Li^(+)while maintaining high ionic conductivity across a broad temperature range.Moreover,the formation of inorganic-dominant interfacial phases on the graphite anode,induced by fluoroethylene carbonate,significantly enhances the kinetics of Li^(+)transport.At a low temperature of-20℃,this electrolyte system achieves an impressive reversible capacity of 200.9 mAh g^(-1)in graphite half-cell,which is nearly three times that observed with conventional EC-based electrolytes,demonstrating excellent stability throughout its operation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (U24A2052)Shanghai Eastern Talent Plan。
文摘ZnAl_(2)O_(4) and ZnAl_(2)O_(4)-based ceramics have attracted much attention from researchers due to their good microwave dielectric,thermal and mechanical properties.In this work,the influence of 5%(in mass)CuO-TiO_(2)-Nb_(2)O_(5)(CTN)ternary composite oxide additives with different composition ratios on sintering behavior and properties of ZnAl_(2)O_(4) microwave dielectric ceramics was investigated.When the molar fraction ranges of Cu,Ti and Nb elements in 5%CTN additives are 0.625-0.875,0-0.250 and 0.125-0.625,respectively,sintering temperature of ZnAl_(2)O_(4) ceramics can be reduced from above 1400℃to below 1000℃.The sintering additives CN(Cu:Nb=1:1,molar ratio)and CTN(Cu:Ti:Nb=4:1:3,molar ratio)can reduce sintering temperature of ZnAl_(2)O_(4) ceramics to 975 and 1000℃,respectively,while maintaining good dielectric properties(dielectric constantε_(r)=11.36,quality factor Q׃=8245 GHz andε_(r)=9.52,Q׃=22249 GHz)and flexural strengths(200 and 161 MPa),which are expected to be applied in preparation of low temperature co-fired ceramic(LTCC)materials with copper electrodes.Low-temperature sintering of the ZnAl_(2)O_(4)+CTN system is characterized as activated sintering.Nanometer-level amorphous interfacial films containing Cu,Ti,and Nb elements are observed at the grain boundaries,which may provide fast diffusion pathways for mass transportation during the sintering process.Valence changes of Ti and Cu ions,along with changes of oxygen vacancies,are confirmed,which provides a potential mechanism for reduced sintering temperature of ZnAl_(2)O_(4) ceramics.In addition,a series of reactions occurring at the grain boundaries can activate these boundaries and further promote the sintering densification process.These results suggest a promising way to design a novel LTCC material with excellent properties based on the low temperature sintering of ceramics with the sintering aid of CuO-TiO_(2)-Nb_(2)O_(5) composite oxide.
文摘Low-altitude economy opens up a completely new aerial space for economic growth by enabling brand new services such as fast logistics delivery,timely emergency rescue,and wide-area,high-definition environmental monitoring.This new space has many distinct features and therefore faces many new challenges compared with ground-and high-altitude-based information infrastructures.As a result,the rapid and mass development of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)in low-altitude space will inevitably necessitate research on providing ultra-reliable,low-latency,high-capacity.
基金supported by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine under EDUC4-12751(Giselle Kaneda)DISC2-14049(Dmitriy Sheyn)+1 种基金Additional support was provided by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under award numbers R01AR066517(Debiao Li)R01AR082041(Dmitriy Sheyn).
文摘Chronic lower back pain(LBP)is the leading cause of disability worldwide.Due to its close relationship with intervertebral disc(IVD)degeneration(IVDD),research has historically focused more on understanding the mechanism behind IVDD while clinical efforts prioritize pain management.More recently,there has been a shift toward understanding LBP as a distinct pathological entity.This review synthesizes current knowledge on discogenic LBP,combining known pathophysiology,molecular mechanisms,risk factors,diagnostic challenges,and available experimental models.IVDD is a complex,multifactorial process involving biochemical,mechanical,and inflammatory changes within the disc,leading to structural breakdown and potential discogenic pain.Key mechanisms include extracellular matrix degradation,upregulation of inflammatory mediators,immune cell infiltration,and aberrant nerve and vascular ingrowth.However,not all cases of IVDD result in LBP,highlighting the need for further investigation into the cellular,molecular,and biomechanical factors contributing to symptom development.Current diagnostic tools and experimental models for studying discogenic LBP remain limited,impeding the development of targeted treatments.Existing therapies primarily focus on symptom management rather than addressing underlying disease mechanisms.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42088101 and 42175023)the Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(Grant No.316323005)the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies(Grant No.2020B1212060025)。
文摘The Aleutian Low(AL)is a dominant feature of the mean circulation in the North Pacific during the winter season.The background stationary wave,air-sea interaction,and transient eddies over the North Pacific exert distinct impacts on the interannual variations of the AL intensity and position.In this study,we adopt the quasi-geostrophic geopotential tendency equation to investigate the roles of various physical processes in the maintenance and interannual variations of this system.The results show that absolute vorticity advection plays the most important role in the formation and maintenance of AL intensity,while high-frequency transient eddies contribute most to the meridional and zonal shifts of the AL.The high-frequency transient eddy vorticity forcing affects the AL through the barotropic energy conversion process,and,in turn,the AL enhances the high-frequency transient eddies through the baroclinic energy conversion process,forming a positive feedback.The associated high-frequency eddy kinetic energy anomalies exhibit an eastward movement toward the east coast of North America in the years of an intensified AL,which explains why a strengthened AL is often accompanied by an eastward movement.Furthermore,the energy conversion terms of high-frequency transient eddies are mostly located over the extratropical eastern North Pacific,leading to asymmetric features in the zonal movement of the AL.
基金supported by the Graduate Student Innovation Fund of Xi’an Shiyou University(No.YCS21211087).
文摘This paper presents a photonic crystal(PhC)line-defect slow-light waveguide modified by resonant rings.We introduce resonant rings into the line defect,constructing a slow-light waveguide with high normalized delay bandwidth product(NDBP)and low group velocity dispersion(GVD).We simulate,analyze,and optimize the structural parameters of this slow-light waveguide using the finite difference time domain(FDTD)method,theoretically achieving a maximum group index of 3.7,maximum bandwidth of 15.6 nm,and maximum NDBP of 0.4416 for slow-light effect.The resonant ring-modified PhC slow-light waveguide designed in this paper exhibits GVD lower than the order of 10^(−20)s^(2)/m over a normalized frequency range from 0.3554 to 0.4175.This study is expected to provide theoretical references for the study of slow-light buffering devices based on PhCs with high NDBP values.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.2308085QE146 and 2208085ME116)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52173039)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20210894)the Anhui Provincial Universities Outstanding Youth Research Project(No.2023AH020018).
文摘Electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials with superior shielding efficiency and low-reflection properties hold promising potential for utilization across electronic components,precision instruments,and fifth-generation communication equipment.In this study,multistage microcellular waterborne polyurethane(WPU)composites were constructed via gradient induction,layer-by-layer casting,and supercritical carbon dioxide foaming.The gradient-structured WPU/ironcobalt loaded reduced graphene oxide(FeCo@rGO)foam serves as an impedance-matched absorption layer,while the highly conductive WPU/silver loaded glass microspheres(Ag@GM)layer is employed as a reflection layer.Thanks to the incorporation of an asymmetric structure,as well as the introduction of gradient and porous configurations,the composite foam demonstrates excellent conductivity,outstanding EMI SE(74.9 dB),and minimal reflection characteristics(35.28%)in 8.2-12.4 GHz,implying that more than 99.99999%of electromagnetic(EM)waves were blocked and only 35.28%were reflected to the external environment.Interestingly,the reflectivity of the composite foam is reduced to 0.41%at 10.88 GHz due to the resonance for incident and reflected EM waves.Beyond that,the composite foam is characterized by low density(0.47 g/cm^(3))and great stability of EMI shielding properties.This work offers a viable approach for craft-ing lightweight,highly shielding,and minimally reflective EMI shielding composites.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M671624)the State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse(No.PCRRF20011).
文摘Two anaerobic ammonia oxidation(anammox)systems,one with adding nano-scale zerovalent iron modified biochar(nZVI@BC)and the other with adding biochar,were constructed to explore the feasibility of nZVI@BC for enhancing the resistance of low-nitrogen anammox processes to low temperatures.The results showed that the average nitrogen removal efficiency with nZVI@BC addition at lowtemperatureswas maintained at about 80%,while that with biochar addition gradually decreased to 69.49%.The heme-c content of biomass with nZVI@BC was significantly higher by 36.60%-91.45%.Additional,nZVI@BC addition resulted in more extracellular polymeric substances,better biomass granulation,and a higher abundance of anammox bacteria.In particularly,anammox genes hzsA/B/C,hzo and hdh played a pivotal role in maintaining nitrogen removal performance at 15℃.These findings suggest that nZVI@BC has the potential to enhance the resistance of low-nitrogen anammox processes to low temperatures,making it a valuable approach for practical applications in low-nitrogen and low-temperature wastewater treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372223)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2301404)+1 种基金the College Students'Innovationand Entrepreneurship Training Program of Anhui Province,China(S202210364136)the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee,China(2023AH040133).
文摘Low temperature(LT)in spring has become one of the principal abiotic stresses that restrict the growth and development of wheat.Diverse analyses were performed to investigate the mechanism underlying the response of wheat grain development to LT stress during booting.These included morphological observation,measurements of starch synthase activity,and determination of amylose and amylopectin content of wheat grain after exposure to treatment with LT during booting.Additionally,proteomic analysis was performed using tandem mass tags(TMT).Results showed that the plumpness of wheat grains decreased after LT stress.Moreover,the activities of sucrose synthase(SuS,EC 2.4.1.13)and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase,EC 2.7.7.27)exhibited a significant reduction,leading to a significant reduction in the contents of amylose and amylopectin.A total of 509 differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)were identified by proteomics analysis.The Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis showed that the protein difference multiple in the nutritional repository activity was the largest among the molecular functions,and the up-regulated seed storage protein(ssP)played an active role in the response of grains to LT stress and subsequent damage.The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis showed that LT stress reduced the expression of DEPs such as sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS),glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase(glgC),andβ-fructofuranosidase(FFase)in sucrose and starch metabolic pathways,thus affecting the synthesis of grain starch.In addition,many heat shock proteins(HsPs)were found in the protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathways,which can resist some damage caused by LT stress.These findings provide a new theoretical foundation for elucidating the underlying mechanism governing wheat yield developmentafterexposuretoLTstress inspring.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22279070[L.Wang]and U21A20170[X.He])the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2019YFA0705703[L.Wang])。
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)face significant limitations in low-temperature environments,with the slow interfacial de-solvation process and the hindered Li+transport through the interphase layer emerging as key obstacles beyond the issue of ionic conductivity.This investigation unveils a novel formulation that constructs an anion-rich solvation sheath within strong solvents,effectively addressing all three of these challenges to bolster low-temperature performance.The developed electrolyte,characterized by an enhanced concentration of contact ion pairs(CIPs)and aggregates(AGGs),facilitates the formation of an inorganic-rich interphase layer on the anode and cathode particles.This promotes de-solvation at low temperatures and stabilizes the electrode-electrolyte interphase.Full cells composed of LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)(NCM622)and graphite,when equipped with this electrolyte,showcase remarkable cycle stability and capacity retention,with 93.3% retention after 500 cycles at room temperature(RT)and 95.5%after 120 cycles at -20℃.This study validates the utility of the anion-rich solvation sheath in strong solvents as a strategy for the development of low-temperature electrolytes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42167068,22269020)the Gansu Province Higher Education Industry Support Plan Project(2023CYZC-68)the Central Guidance for Local Science and Technology Development Funds Project(YDZX20216200001007)。
文摘Rationally regulating the porosity of hard carbon(HC),especially the closed pores matching the low potential plateau and the ultra-microporous structure suitable for Na+embedding,has been shown to be the key to improving the sodium storage performance and initial coulombic efficiency(ICE).However,the preparation of such HC materials with specific pore structures still faces great challenges.Herein,a simple pre-oxidation strategy is employed to construct abundant closed ultra-microporous structures in soy protein powder-derived HC material,achieving a significant improvement in its ICE and platform capacity.The pre-oxidation process promotes the cross-linking degree of the soy protein,thereby hindering the directional growth of graphite domains during the carbonization process.The optimized HC exhibits ultra-high platform capacity(329 mAh g^(-1))and considerable energy density(148.5 Wh kg^(-1)).Based on the ex-situ Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization results,the excellent sodium storage capacity of the HC material is attributed to the synergistic effect of adsorption-intercalation/filling.The presented work provides novel insights into the synthesis of other biomass-derived HC materials with abundant closed ultra-micro pores.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12471367 and12361076)the Research Program of Science and Technology at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Nos.NJZY19186,NJZY22036,and NJZY23003)。
文摘We are intrigued by the issues of shock instability,with a particular emphasis on numerical schemes that address the carbuncle phenomenon by reducing dissipation rather than increasing it.For a specific class of planar flow fields where the transverse direction exhibits vanishing but non-zero velocity components,such as a disturbed onedimensional(1D)steady shock wave,we conduct a formal asymptotic analysis for the Euler system and associated numerical methods.This analysis aims to illustrate the discrepancies among various low-dissipative numerical algorithms.Furthermore,a numerical stability analysis of steady shock is undertaken to identify the key factors underlying shock-stable algorithms.To verify the stability mechanism,a consistent,low-dissipation,and shock-stable HLLC-type Riemann solver is presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62371080 and 62031006)the National Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0597)the Venture&Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees,China(No.cx2022063)。
文摘This paper presents a design method to implement an antenna array characterized by ultra-wide beam coverage,low profile,and low Sidelobe Level(SLL)for the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)air-to-ground communication.The array consists of ten broadside-radiating,ultrawide-beamwidth elements that are cascaded by a central-symmetry series-fed network with tapered currents following Dolph-Chebyshev distribution to provide low SLL.First,an innovative design of end-fire Huygens source antenna that is compatible with metal ground is presented.A low-profile,half-mode Microstrip Patch Antenna(MPA)is utilized to serve as the magnetic dipole and a monopole is utilized to serves as the electric dipole,constructing the compact,end-fire,grounded Huygens source antenna.Then,two opposite-oriented end-fire Huygens source antennas are seamlessly integrated into a single antenna element in the form of monopole-loaded MPA to accomplish the ultrawide,broadside-radiating beam.Particular consideration has been applied into the design of series-fed network as well as antenna element to compensate the adverse coupling effects between elements on the radiation performance.Experiment indicates an ultrawide Half-Power Beamwidth(HPBW)of 161°and a low SLL of-25 dB with a high gain of 12 d Bi under a single-layer configuration.The concurrent ultrawide beamwidth and low SLL make it particularly attractive for applications of UAV air-to-ground communication.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB2402200)National Natural Science Foundation of China (22225201,22379028)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (20720220010)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research–Fudan University 21TQ1400100 (21TQ009)Key Basic Research Program of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (23520750400)。
文摘Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) with organic electrodes are an emerging research direction due to the sustainability of organic materials based on elements like C,H,O,and sodium ions.Currently,organic electrode materials for SIBs are mainly used as cathodes because of their relatively high redox potentials(>1 V).Organic electrodes with low redox potential that can be used as anode are rare.Herein,a novel organic anode material (tetrasodium 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylate,Na_(4)TDC) has been developed with low redox potential (<0.7 V) and excellent cyclic stability.Its three-sodium storage mechanism was demonstrated with various in-situ/ex-situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations,showing a high capacity of 208 mAh/g and an average decay rate of merely 0.022%per cycle.Moreover,the Na_(4)TDC-hard carbon composite can further acquire improved capacity and cycling stability for 1200 cycles even with a high mass loading of up to 20 mg cm^(-2).By pairing with a thick Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)cathode (20.6 mg cm^(-2)),the as-fabricated full cell exhibited high operating voltage (2.8 V),excellent rate performance and cycling stability with a high capacity retention of 88.7% after 200 cycles,well highlighting the Na_(4)TDC anode material for SIBs.
基金funded by the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.MGE2020KG10)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences,Ministry of Natural Resources(Grant No.KLSG 2208)+2 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(Grant No.2024JC-YBMS-227,2023-JC-QN-0287)the Postgraduate Innovation and Practice Ability Development Fund of Xi'an Shiyou University(No.YCS23113046)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41802128,42076219)。
文摘Tectonic activities significantly impact deep reservoir properties via sedimentary and diagenetic processes,and this is particularly true for lacustrine rift basins.The tectonic-sedimentary-diageneticreservoir system is crucial in deep reservoir exploration.This study examined the first member and upper submember of the second member of the Dongying Formation in the Bodong Low Uplift in the Bohai Bay Basin(East China),documenting the petrologic features and physical properties of reservoirs in different tectonic sub-units through integrated analysis of log and rock data,along with core observation.A mechanism for deep reservoir formation in lacustrine rift basins was developed to elucidate the sedimentary and diagenetic processes in complex tectonic settings.The results show that tectonic activities result in the occurrence of provenances in multiple directions and the existence of reservoirs at varying burial depths,as well as the significant diversity in sedimentary and diagenetic processes.The grain sizes of the sandstones,influenced by transport pathways rather than the topography of the sedimentary area,exhibit spatial complexity due to tectonic frameworks,which determine the initial pore content of reservoirs.However,the burial depth,influenced by subsequent tectonic subsidence,significantly impacts pore evolution during diagenesis.Based on the significant differences of reservoirs in slope zone,low uplift and depression zone,we establish different tectonic-diagenetic models in deep complex tectonic units of lacustrine rift basins.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62464010)Spring City Plan-Special Program for Young Talents(K202005007)+3 种基金Yunnan Talents Support Plan for Yong Talents(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0482)Yunnan Local Colleges Applied Basic Research Projects(202101BA070001-138)Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructures in Yunnan Higher EducationFrontier Research Team of Kunming University 2023。
文摘Zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)are inexpensive and safe,but side reactions on the Zn anode and Zn dendrite growth hinder their practical applications.In this study,1,3,5-triformylphloroglycerol(Tp)and various diamine monomers(p-phenylenediamine(Pa),benzidine(BD),and 4,4"-diamino-p-terphenyl(DATP))were used to synthesize a series of two-dimensional covalent-organic frameworks(COFs).The resulting COFs were named TpPa,TpBD,and TpDATP,respectively,and they showed uniform zincophilic sites,different pore sizes,and high Young's moduli on the Zn anode.Among them,TpPa and TpBD showed lower surface work functions and higher ion transfer numbers,which were conducive to uniform galvanizing/stripping zinc and inhibited dendrite growth.Theoretical calculations showed that TpPa and TpBD had wider negative potential region and greater adsorption capacity for Zn2+than TpDATP,providing more electron donor sites to coordinate with Zn^(2+).Symmetric cells protected by TpPa and TpBD stably cycled for more than 2300 h,whereas TpDATP@Zn and the bare zinc symmetric cells failed after around 150 and200 h.The full cells containing TpPa and TpBD modification layers also showed excellent cycling capacity at 1 A/g.This study provides comprehensive insights into the construction of highly reversible Zn anodes via COF modification layers for advanced rechargeable ZIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92367107)。
文摘Ultra-low emission of nitrogen oxide(NO_(x))is an irreversible trend for the development of waste-to-energy industry.But traditional approaches to remove NO_(x) face significant challenge s,such as low denitration efficiency,complex denitration system,and high investment and operating cost.Here we put forward a novel polymer non-catalytic reduction(PNCR)technology that utilized a new type of polymer agent to remove NO_(x),and the proposed PNCR technology was applied to the existing waste-to-energy plant to test the denitration performance.The PNCR technology demonstrated excellent denitration performance with a NO_(x) emission concentration of<100 mg/Nm^(3) and high denitration efficiency of>75%at the temperature range of 800-900℃,which showed the application feasibility even on the complex and unstable industrial operating conditions.In addition,PNCR and hybrid polymer/selective non-catalytic reduction(PNCR/SNCR)technology possessed remarkable economic advantages including low investment fee and low operating cost of<10 CNY per ton of municipal solid waste(MSW)compared with selective catalytic reduction(SCR)technology.The excellent denitration performance of PNCR technology forebodes a broad industrial application prospect in the field of flue gas cleaning for waste-to-energy plants.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0206700).
文摘Understanding the storage mechanisms in CO_(2)flooding is crucial,as many carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)projects are related to enhanced oil recovery(EOR).CO_(2)storage in reservoirs across large timescales undergoes the two storage stages of oil displacement and well shut-in,which cover mul-tiple replacement processes of injection-production synchronization,injection only with no production,and injection-production stoppage.Because the controlling mechanism of CO_(2)storage in different stages is unknown,the evolution of CO_(2)storage mechanisms over large timescales is not understood.A math-ematical model for the evaluation of CO_(2)storage,including stratigraphic,residual,solubility,and mineral trapping in low-permeability tight sandstone reservoirs,was established using experimental and theoret-ical analyses.Based on a detailed geological model of the Huaziping Oilfield,calibrated with reservoir permeability and fracture characteristic parameters obtained from well test results,a dynamic simulation of CO_(2)storage for the entire reservoir life cycle under two scenarios of continuous injection and water-gas alternation were considered.The results show that CO_(2)storage exhibits the significant stage charac-teristics of complete storage,dynamic storage,and stable storage.The CO_(2)storage capacity and storage rate under the continuous gas injection scenario(scenario 1)were 6.34×10^(4)t and 61%,while those under the water-gas alternation scenario(scenario 2)were 4.62×10^(4)t and 46%.The proportions of stor-age capacity under scenarios 1 and 2 for structural or stratigraphic,residual,solubility,and mineral trap-ping were 33.36%,33.96%,32.43%,and 0.25%;and 15.09%,38.65%,45.77%,and 0.49%,respectively.The evolution of the CO_(2)storage mechanism showed an overall trend:stratigraphic and residual trapping first increased and then decreased,whereas solubility trapping gradually decreased,and mineral trapping continuously increased.Based on these results,an evolution diagram of the CO_(2)storage mechanism of low-permeability tight sandstone reservoirs across large timescales was established.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.42288101 and 42375045)
文摘This study investigates the influence of major climatic modes on the interannual variability of the annual minimum extent of Antarctic sea ice.It shows that the Southern Annular Mode(SAM),the Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD),and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO),along with the total sea ice condition during the preceding spring,serve as precursor signals of February sea ice extent(SIE).These climate modes interact,energizing the Pacific-South American pattern(PSA),which deepens and shifts the Amundsen Sea Low(ASL)westward in spring.This pattern generates a dipole sea ice anomaly characterized by an increase in sea ice in the northern Ross Sea but a decrease in ice in the Bellingshausen and northern Weddell Seas.However,as the season transitions into summer,the ASL exerts a pronounced delayed effect,contributing to widespread sea ice loss across West Antarctica.Strong southerly winds on the western flank of the ASL push sea ice away from the inner Ross Sea,exposing coastal waters that absorb solar radiation,thereby accelerating ice melt through positive ice-albedo feedback.Simultaneously,northwesterly winds on the eastern flank transport warm air toward the Bellingshausen and northern Weddell Seas,intensifying ice loss in these regions.Furthermore,the active PSA is accompanied by a tripole sea surface temperature pattern characterized by warming in the Weddell Sea,which promotes continued ice melt.The co-occurrence of an exceptionally positive SAM,a La Niña,and a strong negative IOD during spring 2022,combined with lower-than-normal total spring SIE,ultimately contributed to the record-low Antarctic SIE observed in February 2023.
