A hierarchical control scheme is proposed for optimal power flow control to minimize loss in a hybrid multiterminal HVDC(hybrid-MTDC)transmission system.In this scheme,the lower level is the droop control,which enable...A hierarchical control scheme is proposed for optimal power flow control to minimize loss in a hybrid multiterminal HVDC(hybrid-MTDC)transmission system.In this scheme,the lower level is the droop control,which enables fast response to power fluctuation and ensures a stable DC voltage,and the upper level is power flow optimization control,which minimizes the losses during the operation of hybrid-MTDC and solves the contradiction between minimizing losses and preventing commutation failure.A 6-terminal hybrid-MTDC is also designed and simulated in PSCAD according to the potential demand of power transmission and wind farms integration in China to verify the proposed control strategy.First,the steady state analysis is conducted and then compared with simulation results.The analysis shows that the proposed control scheme achieves the desired minimum losses while at the same time satisfying system constraints.The proposed control scheme also guarantees that the hybrid-MTDC not only has a good dynamic response,but also remains stable during communication failure.展开更多
Focused on the challenges raised by the largescale integration of renewable energy resources and the urgent goal of energy saving,a novel control scheme for the unified power flow controller(UPFC)series converter is p...Focused on the challenges raised by the largescale integration of renewable energy resources and the urgent goal of energy saving,a novel control scheme for the unified power flow controller(UPFC)series converter is proposed to achieve line loss reduction and security enhancement in distribution systems with a high penetration of renewable energy.Firstly,the line loss minimum conditions of a general distribution system with loop configurations are deduced.Secondly,security constraints including the permissible voltage range,the line loading limits and the UPFC ratings are considered.System security enhancement with the least increase in line loss is tackled by solving a much reduced optimal power flow(OPF)problem.The computational task of the OPF problem is reduced by deducing the security-constrained line loss minimum conditions and removing the equality constraints.Thirdly,a hybrid control scheme is proposed.Line loss minimization is achieved through a dynamic controller,while an OPF calculator is integrated to generate corrective action for the dynamic controller when the security constraints are violated.The validity of the proposed control strategies is verified in a modified IEEE 33 bus test system.展开更多
The integration of distributed generations (DGs) into distribution systems (DSs) is increasingly becoming a solution for compensating for isolated local energy systems (ILESs). Additionally, distributed generations ar...The integration of distributed generations (DGs) into distribution systems (DSs) is increasingly becoming a solution for compensating for isolated local energy systems (ILESs). Additionally, distributed generations are used for self-consumption with excess energy injected into centralized grids (CGs). However, the improper sizing of renewable energy systems (RESs) exposes the entire system to power losses. This work presents an optimization of a system consisting of distributed generations. Firstly, PSO algorithms evaluate the size of the entire system on the IEEE bus 14 test standard. Secondly, the size of the system is allocated using improved Particles Swarm Optimization (IPSO). The convergence speed of the objective function enables a conjecture to be made about the robustness of the proposed system. The power and voltage profile on the IEEE 14-bus standard displays a decrease in power losses and an appropriate response to energy demands (EDs), validating the proposed method.展开更多
The research reported in this paper focuses on non-technical power loss reduction for power distribution systems. Such reduction of costs of energy not served (ENS.COST), is intelligently evaluated and optimized using...The research reported in this paper focuses on non-technical power loss reduction for power distribution systems. Such reduction of costs of energy not served (ENS.COST), is intelligently evaluated and optimized using a firefly algorithm, from where savings of 43.3% on energy not served are achieved.展开更多
This paper proposes a real-time optimization strategy,aimed at minimizing switching losses in a three-level neutral-point-clamped(3L-NPC)inverter.The proposed strategy consists of optimized clamping strategy and unifi...This paper proposes a real-time optimization strategy,aimed at minimizing switching losses in a three-level neutral-point-clamped(3L-NPC)inverter.The proposed strategy consists of optimized clamping strategy and unified triangular carrier based discontinuous pulse width modulation(DPWM)strategy.In each control period,the optimized clamping strategy determines optimal clamped phases and voltage levels to clamp the phase with absolute current as big as possible.Based on obtained optimal results,unified triangular carrier based DPWM strategy calculates the injected common mode voltage(CMV)and generates driving signals for semiconductor switching devices by comparing final modulation signals and two phase-deposited carriers.Analysis and experiment results show the proposed strategy not only can reduce switching losses up to 49.8%compared with conventional space vector PWM(SVPWM)but also has features of low computation burden and easy implementation.展开更多
Power loss and voltage uncertainty are the major issues prevalently faced in the design of distribution systems.But such issues can be resolved through effective usage of networking reconfiguration that has a combinat...Power loss and voltage uncertainty are the major issues prevalently faced in the design of distribution systems.But such issues can be resolved through effective usage of networking reconfiguration that has a combination of Distributed Generation(DG)units from distribution networks.In this point of view,optimal placement and sizing of DGs are effective ways to boost the performance of power systems.The optimum allocation of DGs resolves various problems namely,power loss,voltage profile improvement,enhanced reliability,system stability,and performance.Several research works have been conducted to address the distribution system problems in terms of power loss,energy loss,voltage profile,and voltage stability depending upon optimal DG distribution.With this motivation,the current study designs a Chaotic Artificial Flora Optimization based on Optimal Placement and Sizing of DGs(CAFO-OPSDG)to enhance the voltage profiles and mitigate the power loss.Besides,the CAFO algorithm is derived from the incorporation of chaos theory concept into conventional artificial flora optimization AFO algorithm with an aim to enhance the global optimization abilities.The fitness function of CAFO-OPSDG algorithm involves voltage regulation,power loss minimization,and penalty cost.To consider the actual power system scenario,the penalty factor acts as an important element not only to minimize the total power loss but to increase the voltage profiles as well.The experimental validation of the CAFO-OPSDG algorithm was conducted against IEEE 33 Bus system and IEEE 69 Bus system.The outcomes were examined under various test scenarios.The results of the experiment established that the presented CAFO-OPSDG model is effective in terms of reducing the power loss and voltage deviation and boost-up the voltage profile for the specified system.展开更多
The voltage generated by power plants is increased using step-up transformers and then transferred using high-voltage transmission lines. In a distribution system, the voltage is stepped down to certain levels and is ...The voltage generated by power plants is increased using step-up transformers and then transferred using high-voltage transmission lines. In a distribution system, the voltage is stepped down to certain levels and is utilized by consumers. The losses in distribution networks are very high compared with the transmission line losses because of the high value of the line resistance (R) compared with the reactance (X), high current, and low voltage. Distribution companies have an economic incentive to minimize network losses. Generally, the incentive is the difference between the actual losses and standard losses. Therefore, when the actual losses are greater than the standard losses, distribution companies are fined. If the actual losses are less than the standard losses, distribution companies earn profits. Consequently, the issue of power losses in distribution networks has attracted the attention of researchers. Numerous methods and techniques have been examined and implemented to reduce distribution system losses. These methods differ based on the selection of the loss reduction mechanism, formulation of the problem, technique utilized, and solution obtained. Many techniques are used to minimize losses, such as power factor correction, reconfiguration, distributed generation allocation, load balancing, voltage upgrades, and conductor upgrades. In this study, a literature review, general background on distribution loss minimization, and a comprehensive comparison of the main techniques are presented to examine the best methods for minimizing power losses.展开更多
This paper presents an application of GRADE Algorithm based approach along with PV analysis to solve multi objective optimization problem of minimizing real power losses, improving the voltage profile and hence enhanc...This paper presents an application of GRADE Algorithm based approach along with PV analysis to solve multi objective optimization problem of minimizing real power losses, improving the voltage profile and hence enhancing the performance of power system. GRADE Algorithm is a hybrid technique combining genetic and differential evolution algorithms. Control variables considered are Generator bus voltages, MVAR at capacitor banks, transformer tap settings and reactive power generation at generator buses. The optimal values of the control variables are obtained by solving the multi objective optimization problem using GRADE Algorithm programmed using M coding in MATLAB platform. With the optimal setting for the control variables, Newton Raphson based power flow is performed for two test systems, viz, IEEE 30 bus system and IEEE 57 bus system for three loading conditions. Minimization of Real power loss and improvement of voltage profile obtained are compared with the results obtained using firefly and particle swarm optimization (PSO) techniques. Improvement of Loadability margin is established through PV curve plotted using continuation power flow with the real power load at the most affected bus as the bifurcation parameter. The simulated output shows improved results when compared to that of firefly and PSO techniques, in term of convergence time, reduction of real power loss, improvement of voltage profile and enhancement of loadability margin.展开更多
The power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of inverted perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have been enhanced by optimizing molecule-based hole-selective contact components[1,2].These components consist of self-assembled monolaye...The power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of inverted perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have been enhanced by optimizing molecule-based hole-selective contact components[1,2].These components consist of self-assembled monolayers or multilayers featuring carbazole functional groups with phosphonic acid anchoring groups,which can be easily deposited over large areas of metal oxides,modify the work function of the substrate,and minimize optical and electrical losses while requiring less material[3].Despite their promise,achieving long-term stability in PSCs remains a critical challenge.In this context,extensive research has been directed toward the molecular design of these selective contact components[2].To date,hundreds of molecules based onπ-conjugated hydrocarbon structures have been developed,featuring conjugated cores containing heteroatoms such as nitrogen(N),sulfur(S),and oxygen(O).While these structures facilitate excellent electronic properties,maintaining the structural integrity of the hole-selective contact molecules beneath the perovskite layer under external stimuli remains difficult due to the inherent reactivity of the heteroatoms involved[4].展开更多
With the rapidly increasing bandwidth requirements of optical communication networks, compact and low-cost large-scale optical switches become necessary. Silicon pbotonics is a promising technology due to its small fo...With the rapidly increasing bandwidth requirements of optical communication networks, compact and low-cost large-scale optical switches become necessary. Silicon pbotonics is a promising technology due to its small footprint, cost competitiveness, and high bandwidth density. In this paper, we demonstrate a 12 × 12 silicon wavelength routing switch employing cascaded arrayed waveguide interconnection network on a the switch＇s footprint. We single chip. We optimize develop an algorithm based gratings （AWGs） connected by a silicon waveguide the connecting strategy of the crossing structure to reduce on minimum standard deviation to minimize the port-to- port insertion loss （IL） fluctuation of the switch globally. The simulated port-to-port IL fluctuation decreases by about 3 dB compared with that of the conventional one. The average measured port-to-port IL is 13.03 dB, with a standard deviation of 0.78 dB and a fluctuation of 2.39 dB. The device can be used for wide applications in core networks and data centers.展开更多
The electric distribution system(EDS)is prone to faults leading to power interruptions.The present energy market demands that electricity utilities invest more in different measures to improve the performance of the E...The electric distribution system(EDS)is prone to faults leading to power interruptions.The present energy market demands that electricity utilities invest more in different measures to improve the performance of the EDS.The approach proposed here details a composite dual-phased methodology to improve the reliability and efficiency of the power delivered by the EDS.In the first phase,the optimal allocation of auto-reclosers(AR)is undertaken by employing a newly formulated algorithm.The determination of the total number and location for AR placement is based on the economic analysis of two factors,i.e.,AR investment-maintenance cost and total benefit earned in terms of reliability improvement due to AR placement.The analysis also takes into account the impact of power outages on different load types,the load growth rate,and the inflation rate.Further,to enhance the efficiency of the AR-incorpo-rated EDS,the technique of Radial Distribution System Remodelling is employed in the second phase.This method searches for a radial configuration that delivers power at minimum line losses.These phases comprising complex combinatorial operations are aided by a fresh hybrid of the Sine Cosine Algorithm,Krill Herd Algorithm,and a genetic operator of Differential Evolution.The results obtained from its application on the IEEE 69-bus distribution test system prove the credibility of the suggested formulation.展开更多
In this paper,the hybridization of standard particle swarm optimisation(PSO)with the analytical method(2/3 rd rule)is proposed,which is called as analytical hybrid PSO(AHPSO)algorithm used for the optimal siting and s...In this paper,the hybridization of standard particle swarm optimisation(PSO)with the analytical method(2/3 rd rule)is proposed,which is called as analytical hybrid PSO(AHPSO)algorithm used for the optimal siting and sizing of distribution generation.The proposed AHPSO algorithm is implemented to cater for uniformly distributed,increasingly distributed,centrally distributed,and randomly distributed loads in conventional power systems.To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm,the convergence speed and optimization performances of standard PSO and the proposed AHPSO algorithms are compared for two cases.In the first case,the performances of both the algorithms are compared for four different load distributions via an IEEE 10-bus system.In the second case,the performances of both the algorithms are compared for IEEE 10-bus,IEEE 33-bus,IEEE 69-bus systems,and a real distribution system of Korea.Simulation results show that the proposed AHPSO algorithm converges significantly faster than the standard PSO.The results of the proposed algorithm are compared with those of an analytical algorithm,and the results of them are similar.展开更多
The reactive power dispatch （RPD） problem is a very critical optimization problem of power system which minimizes the real power loss of the transmission system. While solving the said problem, generator bus voltage...The reactive power dispatch （RPD） problem is a very critical optimization problem of power system which minimizes the real power loss of the transmission system. While solving the said problem, generator bus voltages and transformer tap settings are kept within a stable operating limit. In connection with the RPD problem, solving reactive power is compensated by incorporating shunt capacitors. The particle swarm optimization （PSO） technique is a swarm intelligence based fast working optimization method which is chosen in this paper as an optimization tool. Additionally, the constriction factor is included with the conventional PSO technique to accelerate the convergence property of the applied optimization tool. In this paper, the RPD problem is solved in the case of the two higher bus systems, i.e., the IEEE 57-bus system and the IEEE ll8-bus system. Furthermore, the result of the present paper is compared with a few optimization technique based results to substantiate the effectiveness of the proposed study.展开更多
基金supported in part by the 111 Project of China under Grant B08013State Grid Corporation of China under Grant XT71-14-042.
文摘A hierarchical control scheme is proposed for optimal power flow control to minimize loss in a hybrid multiterminal HVDC(hybrid-MTDC)transmission system.In this scheme,the lower level is the droop control,which enables fast response to power fluctuation and ensures a stable DC voltage,and the upper level is power flow optimization control,which minimizes the losses during the operation of hybrid-MTDC and solves the contradiction between minimizing losses and preventing commutation failure.A 6-terminal hybrid-MTDC is also designed and simulated in PSCAD according to the potential demand of power transmission and wind farms integration in China to verify the proposed control strategy.First,the steady state analysis is conducted and then compared with simulation results.The analysis shows that the proposed control scheme achieves the desired minimum losses while at the same time satisfying system constraints.The proposed control scheme also guarantees that the hybrid-MTDC not only has a good dynamic response,but also remains stable during communication failure.
文摘Focused on the challenges raised by the largescale integration of renewable energy resources and the urgent goal of energy saving,a novel control scheme for the unified power flow controller(UPFC)series converter is proposed to achieve line loss reduction and security enhancement in distribution systems with a high penetration of renewable energy.Firstly,the line loss minimum conditions of a general distribution system with loop configurations are deduced.Secondly,security constraints including the permissible voltage range,the line loading limits and the UPFC ratings are considered.System security enhancement with the least increase in line loss is tackled by solving a much reduced optimal power flow(OPF)problem.The computational task of the OPF problem is reduced by deducing the security-constrained line loss minimum conditions and removing the equality constraints.Thirdly,a hybrid control scheme is proposed.Line loss minimization is achieved through a dynamic controller,while an OPF calculator is integrated to generate corrective action for the dynamic controller when the security constraints are violated.The validity of the proposed control strategies is verified in a modified IEEE 33 bus test system.
文摘The integration of distributed generations (DGs) into distribution systems (DSs) is increasingly becoming a solution for compensating for isolated local energy systems (ILESs). Additionally, distributed generations are used for self-consumption with excess energy injected into centralized grids (CGs). However, the improper sizing of renewable energy systems (RESs) exposes the entire system to power losses. This work presents an optimization of a system consisting of distributed generations. Firstly, PSO algorithms evaluate the size of the entire system on the IEEE bus 14 test standard. Secondly, the size of the system is allocated using improved Particles Swarm Optimization (IPSO). The convergence speed of the objective function enables a conjecture to be made about the robustness of the proposed system. The power and voltage profile on the IEEE 14-bus standard displays a decrease in power losses and an appropriate response to energy demands (EDs), validating the proposed method.
文摘The research reported in this paper focuses on non-technical power loss reduction for power distribution systems. Such reduction of costs of energy not served (ENS.COST), is intelligently evaluated and optimized using a firefly algorithm, from where savings of 43.3% on energy not served are achieved.
文摘This paper proposes a real-time optimization strategy,aimed at minimizing switching losses in a three-level neutral-point-clamped(3L-NPC)inverter.The proposed strategy consists of optimized clamping strategy and unified triangular carrier based discontinuous pulse width modulation(DPWM)strategy.In each control period,the optimized clamping strategy determines optimal clamped phases and voltage levels to clamp the phase with absolute current as big as possible.Based on obtained optimal results,unified triangular carrier based DPWM strategy calculates the injected common mode voltage(CMV)and generates driving signals for semiconductor switching devices by comparing final modulation signals and two phase-deposited carriers.Analysis and experiment results show the proposed strategy not only can reduce switching losses up to 49.8%compared with conventional space vector PWM(SVPWM)but also has features of low computation burden and easy implementation.
文摘Power loss and voltage uncertainty are the major issues prevalently faced in the design of distribution systems.But such issues can be resolved through effective usage of networking reconfiguration that has a combination of Distributed Generation(DG)units from distribution networks.In this point of view,optimal placement and sizing of DGs are effective ways to boost the performance of power systems.The optimum allocation of DGs resolves various problems namely,power loss,voltage profile improvement,enhanced reliability,system stability,and performance.Several research works have been conducted to address the distribution system problems in terms of power loss,energy loss,voltage profile,and voltage stability depending upon optimal DG distribution.With this motivation,the current study designs a Chaotic Artificial Flora Optimization based on Optimal Placement and Sizing of DGs(CAFO-OPSDG)to enhance the voltage profiles and mitigate the power loss.Besides,the CAFO algorithm is derived from the incorporation of chaos theory concept into conventional artificial flora optimization AFO algorithm with an aim to enhance the global optimization abilities.The fitness function of CAFO-OPSDG algorithm involves voltage regulation,power loss minimization,and penalty cost.To consider the actual power system scenario,the penalty factor acts as an important element not only to minimize the total power loss but to increase the voltage profiles as well.The experimental validation of the CAFO-OPSDG algorithm was conducted against IEEE 33 Bus system and IEEE 69 Bus system.The outcomes were examined under various test scenarios.The results of the experiment established that the presented CAFO-OPSDG model is effective in terms of reducing the power loss and voltage deviation and boost-up the voltage profile for the specified system.
文摘The voltage generated by power plants is increased using step-up transformers and then transferred using high-voltage transmission lines. In a distribution system, the voltage is stepped down to certain levels and is utilized by consumers. The losses in distribution networks are very high compared with the transmission line losses because of the high value of the line resistance (R) compared with the reactance (X), high current, and low voltage. Distribution companies have an economic incentive to minimize network losses. Generally, the incentive is the difference between the actual losses and standard losses. Therefore, when the actual losses are greater than the standard losses, distribution companies are fined. If the actual losses are less than the standard losses, distribution companies earn profits. Consequently, the issue of power losses in distribution networks has attracted the attention of researchers. Numerous methods and techniques have been examined and implemented to reduce distribution system losses. These methods differ based on the selection of the loss reduction mechanism, formulation of the problem, technique utilized, and solution obtained. Many techniques are used to minimize losses, such as power factor correction, reconfiguration, distributed generation allocation, load balancing, voltage upgrades, and conductor upgrades. In this study, a literature review, general background on distribution loss minimization, and a comprehensive comparison of the main techniques are presented to examine the best methods for minimizing power losses.
文摘This paper presents an application of GRADE Algorithm based approach along with PV analysis to solve multi objective optimization problem of minimizing real power losses, improving the voltage profile and hence enhancing the performance of power system. GRADE Algorithm is a hybrid technique combining genetic and differential evolution algorithms. Control variables considered are Generator bus voltages, MVAR at capacitor banks, transformer tap settings and reactive power generation at generator buses. The optimal values of the control variables are obtained by solving the multi objective optimization problem using GRADE Algorithm programmed using M coding in MATLAB platform. With the optimal setting for the control variables, Newton Raphson based power flow is performed for two test systems, viz, IEEE 30 bus system and IEEE 57 bus system for three loading conditions. Minimization of Real power loss and improvement of voltage profile obtained are compared with the results obtained using firefly and particle swarm optimization (PSO) techniques. Improvement of Loadability margin is established through PV curve plotted using continuation power flow with the real power load at the most affected bus as the bifurcation parameter. The simulated output shows improved results when compared to that of firefly and PSO techniques, in term of convergence time, reduction of real power loss, improvement of voltage profile and enhancement of loadability margin.
文摘The power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of inverted perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have been enhanced by optimizing molecule-based hole-selective contact components[1,2].These components consist of self-assembled monolayers or multilayers featuring carbazole functional groups with phosphonic acid anchoring groups,which can be easily deposited over large areas of metal oxides,modify the work function of the substrate,and minimize optical and electrical losses while requiring less material[3].Despite their promise,achieving long-term stability in PSCs remains a critical challenge.In this context,extensive research has been directed toward the molecular design of these selective contact components[2].To date,hundreds of molecules based onπ-conjugated hydrocarbon structures have been developed,featuring conjugated cores containing heteroatoms such as nitrogen(N),sulfur(S),and oxygen(O).While these structures facilitate excellent electronic properties,maintaining the structural integrity of the hole-selective contact molecules beneath the perovskite layer under external stimuli remains difficult due to the inherent reactivity of the heteroatoms involved[4].
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(61775069,61635004)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China,863 Program(2015AA015504)
文摘With the rapidly increasing bandwidth requirements of optical communication networks, compact and low-cost large-scale optical switches become necessary. Silicon pbotonics is a promising technology due to its small footprint, cost competitiveness, and high bandwidth density. In this paper, we demonstrate a 12 × 12 silicon wavelength routing switch employing cascaded arrayed waveguide interconnection network on a the switch＇s footprint. We single chip. We optimize develop an algorithm based gratings （AWGs） connected by a silicon waveguide the connecting strategy of the crossing structure to reduce on minimum standard deviation to minimize the port-to- port insertion loss （IL） fluctuation of the switch globally. The simulated port-to-port IL fluctuation decreases by about 3 dB compared with that of the conventional one. The average measured port-to-port IL is 13.03 dB, with a standard deviation of 0.78 dB and a fluctuation of 2.39 dB. The device can be used for wide applications in core networks and data centers.
文摘The electric distribution system(EDS)is prone to faults leading to power interruptions.The present energy market demands that electricity utilities invest more in different measures to improve the performance of the EDS.The approach proposed here details a composite dual-phased methodology to improve the reliability and efficiency of the power delivered by the EDS.In the first phase,the optimal allocation of auto-reclosers(AR)is undertaken by employing a newly formulated algorithm.The determination of the total number and location for AR placement is based on the economic analysis of two factors,i.e.,AR investment-maintenance cost and total benefit earned in terms of reliability improvement due to AR placement.The analysis also takes into account the impact of power outages on different load types,the load growth rate,and the inflation rate.Further,to enhance the efficiency of the AR-incorpo-rated EDS,the technique of Radial Distribution System Remodelling is employed in the second phase.This method searches for a radial configuration that delivers power at minimum line losses.These phases comprising complex combinatorial operations are aided by a fresh hybrid of the Sine Cosine Algorithm,Krill Herd Algorithm,and a genetic operator of Differential Evolution.The results obtained from its application on the IEEE 69-bus distribution test system prove the credibility of the suggested formulation.
文摘In this paper,the hybridization of standard particle swarm optimisation(PSO)with the analytical method(2/3 rd rule)is proposed,which is called as analytical hybrid PSO(AHPSO)algorithm used for the optimal siting and sizing of distribution generation.The proposed AHPSO algorithm is implemented to cater for uniformly distributed,increasingly distributed,centrally distributed,and randomly distributed loads in conventional power systems.To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm,the convergence speed and optimization performances of standard PSO and the proposed AHPSO algorithms are compared for two cases.In the first case,the performances of both the algorithms are compared for four different load distributions via an IEEE 10-bus system.In the second case,the performances of both the algorithms are compared for IEEE 10-bus,IEEE 33-bus,IEEE 69-bus systems,and a real distribution system of Korea.Simulation results show that the proposed AHPSO algorithm converges significantly faster than the standard PSO.The results of the proposed algorithm are compared with those of an analytical algorithm,and the results of them are similar.
文摘The reactive power dispatch （RPD） problem is a very critical optimization problem of power system which minimizes the real power loss of the transmission system. While solving the said problem, generator bus voltages and transformer tap settings are kept within a stable operating limit. In connection with the RPD problem, solving reactive power is compensated by incorporating shunt capacitors. The particle swarm optimization （PSO） technique is a swarm intelligence based fast working optimization method which is chosen in this paper as an optimization tool. Additionally, the constriction factor is included with the conventional PSO technique to accelerate the convergence property of the applied optimization tool. In this paper, the RPD problem is solved in the case of the two higher bus systems, i.e., the IEEE 57-bus system and the IEEE ll8-bus system. Furthermore, the result of the present paper is compared with a few optimization technique based results to substantiate the effectiveness of the proposed study.
