Unlike annual flowering plants that exhibit a single reproductive cycle encompassing vegetative growth,flowering,and senescence within a single year,perennial woody trees undergo a transition between vegetative and re...Unlike annual flowering plants that exhibit a single reproductive cycle encompassing vegetative growth,flowering,and senescence within a single year,perennial woody trees undergo a transition between vegetative and reproductive growth every year after a long juvenile phase.Most woody fruit trees bloom when it turns warm in spring,and the fruit ripens in summer or autumn.However,as a member of the Maloideae subfamily,the loquat tree blooms in the cold autumn and winter,and the fruit matures in the spring.To explore the regulatory mechanism of loquat flowering,we characterized two FLOWERING LOCUS T homologous genes in loquat,EjFT1 and EjFT2.qRT-PCR results revealed that EjFT1 and EjFT2 exhibited nearly opposite expression patterns in various tissues.EjFT1 was mainly expressed in young tissues;EjFT2 was mainly expressed in mature leaves,open flowers,and fruits.EjFT2 exhibited an obvious circadian rhythm and was regulated by EjCO.After the trees were exposed to short-day conditions or sprayed with exogenous GA_(3),the expression of EjFT2 was strongly inhibited,and the loquat tree did not produce floral buds.Furthermore,the yeast two-hybrid,bimolecular fluorescence complementation,and Dualluciferase assay experiments revealed that both EjFT1 and EjFT2 interacted with EjFD,with the EjFT2-EjFD protein complex enhancing the activity of EjAP1-1 and EjAP1-2 promoters,while EjFT1-EjFD inhibited the activity of the EjAP1-1 promoter.Protein structural analysis of EjFT1and EjFT2 suggested that differences in amino acid residues at Val_(123)/Leu_(123),Ser_(157)/Ala_(157),and Val_(158)/Ala_(158)may be the reason for their functional differences.Our results showed that EjFT1 and EjFT2 may cooperatively regulate the floral bud differentiation of loquat by competitively binding with EjFD.EjFT2 regulates the onset of loquat floral bud differentiation by responding to photoperiod and gibberellin signals,while EjFT1 is involved in the vegetative growth of loquat.These findings provide important clues for the investigation of the regulatory mechanism of loquat flowering and advance the exploration into the multiple roles of FT homologous genes in regulating the reproductive transformation and vegetative growth of flowering plants.展开更多
Loquat(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.),a rare fruit native to China,has a long history of cultivation in China.Low temperature is the key factor restricting loquat growth and severely affects yield.Low temperature induces...Loquat(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.),a rare fruit native to China,has a long history of cultivation in China.Low temperature is the key factor restricting loquat growth and severely affects yield.Low temperature induces the regeneration and metabolism of reduced glutathione(GSH)to alleviate stress damage via the participation of glu-tathione S-transferases(GSTs)in plants.In this study,16 GSTs were identified from the loquat genome according to their protein sequence similarity with Arabidopsis GSTs.On the basis of domain characteristics and phyloge-netic analysis of AtGSTs,these EjGSTs can be divided into 4 subclasses:Phi,Theta,Tau and Zeta.The basic prop-erties,subcellular localization,structures,motifs,chromosomal distribution and collinearity of the EjGST proteins or genes were further analyzed.Tandem and segmental gene duplications play pivotal roles in EjGST expansion.Cis-elements that respond to various hormones and stresses,especially those associated with low-temperature responsiveness,were predicted to be present in the promoters of EjGSTs.Moreover,analysis of gene expression profiles revealed that 9 of 16 EjGSTs may be involved in the low-temperature responsiveness of loquat leaves.In agriculture,5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA),a potential multifunctional plant growth regulator,can improve the stress response of plants.Among the 9 low-temperature-responsive EjGSTs,the expression of EjGSTU1 and EjGSTF1 significantly differed under cold stress in response to exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA)pretreat-ment.The remarkable increase in GST activity and GSH/GSSG ratio reflected the increase in the cold response ability of loquat plants caused by exogenous ALA,thereby alleviating H2O2 accumulation and membrane lipid preoxidation.Overall,this study provides an initial exploration of the cold tolerance function of GSTs in loquat,offering a theoretical foundation for the development of cold-resistant loquat cultivars and new antifreeze agents.展开更多
The taxonomic status of Daduhe loquat （E. prinoides var. dadunensis） was studied through analyzing genetic relationships among Oakleaf loquat （E. prinoides）, Daduhe loquat and Common loquat （E. japonica） using i...The taxonomic status of Daduhe loquat （E. prinoides var. dadunensis） was studied through analyzing genetic relationships among Oakleaf loquat （E. prinoides）, Daduhe loquat and Common loquat （E. japonica） using inter simple sequence repeats （ISSR） molecular marker and morphologic marker in this paper. Based on ISSR marker research, the similarity coefficient between Oakleaf loquat and Common loquat was lower than the similarity coefficient between Oakleaf loquat and Daduhe loquat while the similarity coefficient between Daduhe loquat and Common loquat was intermediate. The highest additivity was obtained when Daduhe loquat was regarded as the undetermined hybrid （45.8%）. The specific bands of Oakleaf loquat and Common loquat were present in Daduhe loquat. Based on morphologic traits research, Daduhe loquat was also between Oakleaf loquat and Common loquat but a little leaning to Oakleaf loquat. All the results support that Daduhe loquat was hybrid of Oakleaf loquat and Common loquat.展开更多
[Objective] This study was to explore the growth characteristics and fruit quality of a new bud mutant line, ＇Chuanzao Loquat＇. [Method] Paraffin section technique combined with field investigation method were adopt...[Objective] This study was to explore the growth characteristics and fruit quality of a new bud mutant line, ＇Chuanzao Loquat＇. [Method] Paraffin section technique combined with field investigation method were adopted to conduct com- parative analysis of shoot histomorphology and phenological phases between two Io- quat varieties, ＇Chuanzao Loquat＇ and ＇Zaozhong 6＇. [Result] ＇Chuanzao Loquat＇ branched out and unfolded leaves about half to a month earlier than ＇Zaozhong 6＇; both the flowering and fruiting phases of ＇Chuanzao Loquat＇ were three months earlier than a precocious variety, ＇Zaozhong 6＇; the proportions of epidermis, cortex parenchyma, vascular tissue and medulla were 3.7%, 14.5%, 15.9% and 65.9%, re- spectively, in spdng shoots of ＇Chuanzao Loquat＇, and 3.1%, 42.5%, 6.9% and 47.5%, respectively, in ＇Zaozhong 6＇. [Conclusion] In terms of phenological phases, ＇Chuanzao Loqua＇ is earlier than ＇Zaozhong 6＇, a currently widely planted precocious variety, and thus is an important germplasm resource of Ioquats.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to evaluate effects of peracetic acid （PAA） combined with calcium treatments on storage quality of Ioquat fruits, so as to pro- vide practical techniques to solve the problems of postharves...[Objective] The paper was to evaluate effects of peracetic acid （PAA） combined with calcium treatments on storage quality of Ioquat fruits, so as to pro- vide practical techniques to solve the problems of postharvest rot and quality deteri- oration for Ioquat fruits. [Method] With Ioquat fruits of Qingzhong variety as materi- als, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8% PAA combined with 0.8% CaCI2 was used to soak Ioquat fruits for 4 min, 0.8% CaCl2 and water treatments were set as two controls; the fruits were dried and packaged by 0.02 mm PE bags, then stored under non-chilling low temperature of （7±1） ℃. The indicators related to storage quality of Ioquat fruits were randomly tested once every 3 d, and their variation situations were analyzed. [Result] Compared with two control treatments and 0.2% PAA, 0.8% PAA combined with calcium treatments, the treatment of 0.4% PAA combined with 0.8% CaCl2 could significantly inhibit rot index, weight loss rate, firmness and cell membrane permeability of Ioquat fruits during storage period, which could also effectively delay the reduction of titratable acid, vitamin C, soluble solid content and juice yield, and maintain respiration intensity of fruits at a low level; the appearance and flavor qual- ity of fruits were good after stored for 25 d. [Conclusion] 0.4% PAA combined with 0.8% CaCl2 treatment is an efficient, safe and economical practice technology in an- ti-corrosion and quality preservation for postharvest Ioquat fruits .展开更多
ObjectiveThe study aimed to explore the factors regulating carotenoid accumulation in flesh color. MethodA loquat mutation （red-or orange-fleshed plant emerged a bud mutation of white-flesh in trunk） was used as mat...ObjectiveThe study aimed to explore the factors regulating carotenoid accumulation in flesh color. MethodA loquat mutation （red-or orange-fleshed plant emerged a bud mutation of white-flesh in trunk） was used as material; HPLC analysis of β-carotene content was conducted. ResultThe β-carotene concentration in the flesh of wild and mutant types was 60.9 and 4.6 μg/g fresh weight, respectively. According to the conserved regions of genes from rose family genome, carotenogenic gene fragments in wild and mutant types were obtained. No nucleotide variation of the carotenogenic gene fragments was observed between wild and mutant genome. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Q-PCR） was compared and one carotenogenic gene, β-ring hydroxylase （HYB） were considerably suppressed in mature mutant loquat fruits compared with that in wild. The other six carotenogenic genes were also expressed but the expression patterns appeared to be not correlated with the amount of β-carotene concentration in wild loquat flesh. ConclusionThe mutant whitish loquat lacks the ability to synthesize β-carotene because of the transcriptional down-regulation of carotenogenic gene HYB.展开更多
The planning and design of Qingzhong Loquat Sightseeing Park in Jinting Township, Wuzhong District, Suzhou City was taken for an example, industrial development, advantages and disadvantages of the study area were ana...The planning and design of Qingzhong Loquat Sightseeing Park in Jinting Township, Wuzhong District, Suzhou City was taken for an example, industrial development, advantages and disadvantages of the study area were analyzed. Design concepts and techniques of"One Brand for One Village"for Qingzhong Loquat Sightseeing Park were introduced from the perspectives of project orientation, planning concepts, functional division, scenic spot design, infrastructure planning and so on. Six ancient relics and three grotesque trees were introduced to expound the planning scheme of typical landscapes. Finally, the architectural control planning from the perspectives of height and style was stressed. The planning scheme broke common restraints of other similar parks, such as poor infrastructure and disordered garden constructions, proposed the planning concept of"building a modern eco-agricultural sightseeing fruit park mainly for production but also integrating functions of tourism, ecological picking, recreation and entertainment", providing a basis for building "One Brand for One Village" and realizing the high-efficiency scale-development of agriculture.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the Ioquat leaf mould disease in Mengzi City of Yunnan Province and lay the foundation for determination of effective prevention and control methods.[Method] Loquat leaf moul...[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the Ioquat leaf mould disease in Mengzi City of Yunnan Province and lay the foundation for determination of effective prevention and control methods.[Method] Loquat leaf mould pathogenic fungus was isolated by tissue separation method and inoculated with conidial suspension.The pathogenicity of Ioquat leaf mould pathogen was verified by Koch＇s postulate.Under a microscope,mycelial morphology and conidial fructification were observed,spore sizes were measured,and Ioquat leaf mould pathogen was identified according to the morphological characteristics.[Result] Velvet-like,olive green fungal colonies were generated on PDA medium.Conidiophores erect,apex curved,dark brown,smooth,with obvious spore marks and no diaphragm,（33.0-152.8） μm×（2.6-4.0）μm.Cladosporium was brown or pale olive with spore marks,monocelled or with one diaphragm,（7.1-19.0） μm × （1.9-5.9） μm.Conidia concatenate （2-4）,oval or spherical,with no spore mark,light olive,monocelled,smooth,（2.1-9.4） μm × （1.2-2.6） μm.[Conclusion] Loquat leaf mold disease began to occur in the germination period of spring shoots and summer shoots and became serious in the germination period of autumn shoots.Sooty mold-like layer grew on both front and back surfaces and densely covered the whole leaves,thus seriously affecting the photosynthesis of plants.The pathogen was preliminarily identified as Cladosporium eriobotryae Pass.＆ Beltrani.展开更多
Flowering is an important process for the reproduction of higher plants.Up to this point,the studies on flowering have mostly focused on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana,and the flowering mechanism of fruit trees ...Flowering is an important process for the reproduction of higher plants.Up to this point,the studies on flowering have mostly focused on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana,and the flowering mechanism of fruit trees remains mostly unknown.The diversity of the flowering time of loquat(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)makes it an ideal material to study the regulation of flowering.In this study,we first observed the inflorescence bud differentiation in two varieties of loquat that had different blooming times(cv.Dawuxing(E.japonica),that blooms in the fall and cv.Chunhua(E.japonica×Eriobotrya bengalensis Hook.f.)that blooms in the spring)and found that the starting time of inflorescence bud differentiation and the speed of inflorescence development were responsible for the difference in blooming times.The determination of endogenous phytohormones by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)indicated that abscisic acid(ABA),zeatin(ZT),and gibberellin(GA3)promoted flowering in loquat,while indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)was mainly involved in inflorescence bud differentiation in Chunhua.A transcription level analysis illustrated that multiple flowering-related genes could respond to different signals,integrate to the TFL1,AP1 and FT genes,and then synergistically regulate flowering in loquat.Thus,this study provides a new insight into flowering regulation mechanisms in loquat.展开更多
Monilinia fructicola has been widely reported as the causal agent of brown rot disease on many Rosaceae family fruits worldwide.It has been reported on stone fruits,e.g.,peach,plum,cherry,apricot and mume;as well as p...Monilinia fructicola has been widely reported as the causal agent of brown rot disease on many Rosaceae family fruits worldwide.It has been reported on stone fruits,e.g.,peach,plum,cherry,apricot and mume;as well as pome fruits,e.g.,apple,pear and hawthorn.Loquat is a member of the Eriobotrya genus in subfamily Maloideae along with apple,pear and hawthorn.So far,loquat has not been reported as the host of any Monilia species.In June 2019,brown rot symptoms were observed on loquat fruits in an orchard in Wuhan,Hubei Province,China.Thirty single spore isolates were obtained and identified as M.fructicola based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis.This is the first report of loquat brown rot disease caused by Monilia species in the world.Furthermore,upon artificial inoculation,all three Monilia species from peach in China,i.e.,M.fructicola,M.mumecola and M.yunnanensis,could cause typical brown rot disease on loquat fruits.At the same time,M.fructicola isolates from loquat showed virulence similar to those isolates from peach when the pathogenicity test was conducted on peach fruits.These results suggested that loquat could be infected by other Monilia species and that isolates from loquat also have potential to damage other Rosaceae family fruits in practice.展开更多
The near infrared （NIR） spectroscopy technique has been applied in many fields because of its advantages of simple preparation, fast response, and non-destructiveness. We investigated the potential of NIR spectrosco...The near infrared （NIR） spectroscopy technique has been applied in many fields because of its advantages of simple preparation, fast response, and non-destructiveness. We investigated the potential of NIR spectroscopy in diffuse reflectance mode for determining the soluble solid content （SSC） and acidity （pH） of intact loquats. Two cultivars of loquats （Dahongpao and Jiajiaozhong） harvested from two orchards （Tangxi and Chun＇an, Zhejiang, China） were used for the measurement of NIR spectra between 800 and 2500 nm. A total of 400 loquats （100 samples of each cultivar from each orchard） were used in this study. Relationships between NIR spectra and SSC and acidity of loquats were evaluated using partial least square （PLS） method. Spectra preprocessing options included the first and second derivatives, multiple scatter correction （MSC）, and the standard normal variate （SNV）. Three separate spectral windows identified as full NIR （800-2500 nm）, short NIR （800-1100 rim）, and long NIR （1100-2500 nm） were studied in factorial combination with the preprocessing options. The models gave relatively good predictions of the SSC of loquats, with root mean square error of prediction （RMSEP） values of 1.21, 1.00, 0.965, and 1.16 °Brix for Tangxi-Dahongpao, Tangxi-Jiajiaozhong, Chun＇an-Dahongpao, and Chun＇an-Jiajiaozhong, respectively. The acidity prediction was not satisfactory, with the RMSEP of 0.382, 0.194, 0.388, and 0.361 for the above four loquats, respectively. The results indicate that NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy can be used to predict the SSC and acidity of loquat fruit.展开更多
supported by the Key Laboratory Program of the Ministry of Agriculture of China （2013JCYJ-004） and its supplementary items （2015JSCX-036, 2015LWJJ-010）;the Program of Modern Agriculture Technology Innovation and D...supported by the Key Laboratory Program of the Ministry of Agriculture of China （2013JCYJ-004） and its supplementary items （2015JSCX-036, 2015LWJJ-010）;the Program of Modern Agriculture Technology Innovation and Demonstration of Provincial Finance Department, China （2014CXSF-015）展开更多
The objective of this research was investigated the effect of polyphenol oxidase microwave treatment on phenolic composition, antioxidant activity and microstructure of loquat fruit. Phenolic profile of methanolic ext...The objective of this research was investigated the effect of polyphenol oxidase microwave treatment on phenolic composition, antioxidant activity and microstructure of loquat fruit. Phenolic profile of methanolic extracts prepared from fresh, and microwave-treated samples were analyzed. Antioxidant activity was also evaluated by 2,2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS?+) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH+) methods. In addition, polyphenol oxidase inactivation was carried out using a response surface methodology to establish the optimal conditions of treatment. The phenolic content of fresh mesocarp was 311 ± 0.60 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100g dry weight (DW) and that of microwave-treated mesocarp was 1230 ± 0.36 mg GAE/100g DW. Total phenolic content of water/ methanol extract significantly increases after microwave treatment rather than methanolic extract of fresh loquat. Five glycoside phenolics were identified by HPLC-DAD-MS as 3-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-p-coumaroylquinic acid, 5-caffeoylquinic acid and quercetin-3-O-sambubioside. Methanolic extract of microwave-treated mesocarp showed higher antioxidant activity than that of fresh mesocarp. Thus, polyphenol oxidase inactivation by microwave energy preserved the integrity of phenolic compounds as well as antioxidant activity in mesocarp extracts prepared from loquat fruit. It was also noted that phenolics were more abundant in the microwaved samples than in the fresh samples.展开更多
Loquat(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)is a subtropical evergreen fruit tree that produces fruits with abundant nutrients and medicinal components.Confirming suitable reference genes for a set of loquat samples before qRT-...Loquat(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)is a subtropical evergreen fruit tree that produces fruits with abundant nutrients and medicinal components.Confirming suitable reference genes for a set of loquat samples before qRT-PCR experiments is essential for the accurate quantification of gene expression.In this study,eight candidate reference genes were selected from our previously published RNA-seq data,and primers for each candidate reference gene were designed and evaluated.The Cq values of the candidate reference genes were calculated by RT-qPCR in 31 different loquat samples,including 12 subgroups of developing or abiotic-stressed tissues.Different combinations of stable reference genes were screened according to a comprehensive rank,which was synthesized from the results of four algorithms,including the geNorm,NormFinder,BestKeeper andΔCt methods.The screened reference genes were verified by normalizing EjLGA1 in each subgroup.The obtained suitable combinations of reference genes for accurate normalization were GAPDH,EF1αand ACT for floral development;GAPDH,UBCE and ACT for fruit setting;EF1α,GAPDH and eIF2B for fruit ripening;ACT,EF1αand UBCE for leaves under heat stress;eIF2B,UBCE and EF1αfor leaves under freezing stress;EF1α,TUA and UBCE for leaves under salt stress;ACT,EF1αand eIF2B for immature pulp under freezing stress;ACT,UBCE and eIF2B for immature seeds under freezing stress;EF1α,eIF2B and UBCE for both immature pulp and seeds under freezing stress;UBCE,TUB and TUA for red-fleshed fruits under cold-storage stress;eIF2B,RPS3 and TUB for white-fleshed fruits under coldstorage stress;and eIF2B,UBCE and RPS3 for both red-and white-fleshed fruits under cold-storage stress.This study obtained different combinations of stable reference genes for accurate normalization in twelve subgroups of developing or abiotic-stressed tissues in loquat.To our knowledge,this is the first report to obtain stable reference genes for normalizing gene expression of abiotic-stressed tissues in E.japonica.The use of the three most stable reference genes could increase the reliability of future quantification experiments.展开更多
A devastating trunk beetle has been found in Baisha loquat in Dongshan Town, Wuzhong District, Suzhou City in recent years. It is iden-tified as a new insect species, Cryphalus eriobotryae, belonging to Scolytinae, Cu...A devastating trunk beetle has been found in Baisha loquat in Dongshan Town, Wuzhong District, Suzhou City in recent years. It is iden-tified as a new insect species, Cryphalus eriobotryae, belonging to Scolytinae, Curculionidae, Coleoptera. So far, loquat is known as the unique host of C. eriobotryae, and trees of 20-30 years old or 3-4 years old are all attacked by the insect. Holes drilled by adults with the diameter of about0.8 mm and sores(ate by adults) with the diameter of 1 mm are found on bark and trunk of damaged trees. Three-dimensional channels in 3-4 layers are formed in cortex, which are filled with insect dung. The phloem turns black-brown in late stage, and loses transport function, resulting in plant death and a great impact on loquat production and industrial development. During the occurrence period of C. eriobotryae from April to November,the damaged trunks and branches should be sprayed with 48% chlorpyrifos EC or 5% imidacloprid EC 100 times dilution once every 10 d for con-tinuous 2-3 times, and various states of the insect could be killed. If the phloem is damaged in the early and middle stages and does not turn black and brown completely, the plant could grow new cortex to realize recovery.展开更多
In order to explore whether the endophytic Trichoderma strain P3.9 of loquat has an adverse effect on indigenous fungi in loquat rhizosphere soil, the quantitative change of aboriginal fungi is determined by dish dilu...In order to explore whether the endophytic Trichoderma strain P3.9 of loquat has an adverse effect on indigenous fungi in loquat rhizosphere soil, the quantitative change of aboriginal fungi is determined by dish dilution and plate colony-counting method with time changing in one season. The results showed that after the inoculation of endophytic Trichoderma strain P3.9, the total number of indigenous fungi in loquat rhizosphere soil had an obviously downward trend in contrast with the control which was without inoculation. For treatment groups, 5~60 d after inoculation, the number of indigenous fungi showed a cyclic upward-downward trend at a 10-d interval except for the insignificant changes from 35 to 40 d;60~90 d after inoculation, the upward-downward trend repeated at a 30-d interval. For the control group, the number of indigenous fungi first presented a downward-upward trend every 15 d during the period of 5~50 d, and then an upward-downward trend from the period of 50~70 d and the 75~85 d, and lastly continuous growth from 85 to 90 d;particularly, it did not vary greatly from 70 to 75 d. In general, the quantity of indigenous fungi is unstable in the control group which fluctuates more significantly than in the treatment group. The number of indigenous fungi in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group. The Trichoderma strain P3.9 can inhibit indigenous fungi in loquat rhizosphere soil effectively.展开更多
The effect of NdCl_3 on the rooting and nitrogen metabolism of loquat in vitro was studied when NdCl_3 was added to the rooted medium. The results show that 0.4 μmol·L^(-1) NdCl_3 in the rooted medium can obviou...The effect of NdCl_3 on the rooting and nitrogen metabolism of loquat in vitro was studied when NdCl_3 was added to the rooted medium. The results show that 0.4 μmol·L^(-1) NdCl_3 in the rooted medium can obviously increase the rooting rate, length of root and fresh weight of roots, and enhance the activities of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase in the root system and in the leaves. The transformation of NO_3^- to NH_4^+ in root system and leaves are promoted and the nitrogen metabolism is accelerated with 0.4 μmol·L^(-1) NdCl_3 treatment.展开更多
Fossil fuel exhaustion and overdevelopment usually lead to a recession,which is worsened by the environmental pollution.So it is of high priority to develop high-efficiency energy storage device.Here,agreen and enviro...Fossil fuel exhaustion and overdevelopment usually lead to a recession,which is worsened by the environmental pollution.So it is of high priority to develop high-efficiency energy storage device.Here,agreen and environment-friendly strategy is devised to fabricate carbon materials from biomass.By water extraction and alcohol precipitation,polysaccharide is extracted from loquat leaves.After calcining under high temperature,hierarchical porous carbon materials(HPCM)are obtained,possessing a variety of macropores,mesopores and micropores.Such ample and hierarchical pores enable the electrolyte infiltration and the buffering of the volume expansion of sulfur in repeated electrochemical reactions.The structure stability of the entire electrode can thus be well maintained.When evaluated as the scaffold for sulfur,the electrochemical performance of carbon/sulfur composite was tested.Even after 500 cycles,the reversible capacity is retained as high as 485.4 mA·h/g at the current density of 1.6 A/g.It also offers a notable rate capability,attaining the discharge capacity of 700.7 mA·h/g at 2 C.All the electrochemical performance results prove the feasibility of the proposed strategy.展开更多
[ Objective ] This study aimed to explore the ways of using SSR technology to construct the fingerprinting maps of the loquat. [ Method ] Fingerprinting patterns of the SSR markers for 33 loquat varieties in national ...[ Objective ] This study aimed to explore the ways of using SSR technology to construct the fingerprinting maps of the loquat. [ Method ] Fingerprinting patterns of the SSR markers for 33 loquat varieties in national loquat germplasm resource garden were constructed by specifically amplifying palymorphism from 7 pairs of primers screened from 51 pairs of primers of the relatives Mains and Pyrus. [ Result ] The results showed that the uses of 7 primers, namely, Hi01d05F, Hil2iO4F, CH02B10F, Hi03a03, Hi03e04, Hi04a05 and Hi02c07 could distinguish 33 loquat germplasms from one another completely. [ Conclusion] This study provides an essential criterion for classification and identification of the loquat resources.展开更多
In vitro cultures of loquat cultivar Mardan were established using shoot apices after treating with NaOCl (5%,7%,10%,12%,14% (v/v)) for 12 min and HgCl2 (0.01%,0.05%,0.10%,0.20%,0.25% (w/v)) for 2 min.A maximum surviv...In vitro cultures of loquat cultivar Mardan were established using shoot apices after treating with NaOCl (5%,7%,10%,12%,14% (v/v)) for 12 min and HgCl2 (0.01%,0.05%,0.10%,0.20%,0.25% (w/v)) for 2 min.A maximum survival rate of 70% was recorded after surface sterilization with 10% NaOCl.Caulogenic response was assessed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with assorted combinations of the cytokinins,benzylaminopurine (BAP),kinetin,and N6-(2-isopentyl)adenine (2iP).Treatment of BAP 1.5 mg/L combined with 2iP 9.0 mg/L and kinetin 1.5 mg/L was found to be optimum for shoot morphogenesis in terms of the number and subsequent growth of shoots,while the highest shoot length was yielded by the combination of BAP 0.5 mg/L,kinetin 0.5 mg/L,and 2iP 3 mg/L.Higher levels of cytokinins induced callogenesis,vitrification and stunted growth to some extent.For rhizogenesis,uniform sized micro-shoots were excised and transferred to half-strength MS medium containing auxins.The best rooting expression was observed with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 1 mg/L combined with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) 2 mg/L and paclobutrazol (PBZ) 1 mg/L.展开更多
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2024A1515013095,2021A1515011048)the Open Fund of the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region(Grant No.SY-KFFMR2022009Z)Shaoguan City Science and Technology Planning Project(Social Development Direction-Supporting Scientific Research Workers Project)(Grant No.200811094530739)。
文摘Unlike annual flowering plants that exhibit a single reproductive cycle encompassing vegetative growth,flowering,and senescence within a single year,perennial woody trees undergo a transition between vegetative and reproductive growth every year after a long juvenile phase.Most woody fruit trees bloom when it turns warm in spring,and the fruit ripens in summer or autumn.However,as a member of the Maloideae subfamily,the loquat tree blooms in the cold autumn and winter,and the fruit matures in the spring.To explore the regulatory mechanism of loquat flowering,we characterized two FLOWERING LOCUS T homologous genes in loquat,EjFT1 and EjFT2.qRT-PCR results revealed that EjFT1 and EjFT2 exhibited nearly opposite expression patterns in various tissues.EjFT1 was mainly expressed in young tissues;EjFT2 was mainly expressed in mature leaves,open flowers,and fruits.EjFT2 exhibited an obvious circadian rhythm and was regulated by EjCO.After the trees were exposed to short-day conditions or sprayed with exogenous GA_(3),the expression of EjFT2 was strongly inhibited,and the loquat tree did not produce floral buds.Furthermore,the yeast two-hybrid,bimolecular fluorescence complementation,and Dualluciferase assay experiments revealed that both EjFT1 and EjFT2 interacted with EjFD,with the EjFT2-EjFD protein complex enhancing the activity of EjAP1-1 and EjAP1-2 promoters,while EjFT1-EjFD inhibited the activity of the EjAP1-1 promoter.Protein structural analysis of EjFT1and EjFT2 suggested that differences in amino acid residues at Val_(123)/Leu_(123),Ser_(157)/Ala_(157),and Val_(158)/Ala_(158)may be the reason for their functional differences.Our results showed that EjFT1 and EjFT2 may cooperatively regulate the floral bud differentiation of loquat by competitively binding with EjFD.EjFT2 regulates the onset of loquat floral bud differentiation by responding to photoperiod and gibberellin signals,while EjFT1 is involved in the vegetative growth of loquat.These findings provide important clues for the investigation of the regulatory mechanism of loquat flowering and advance the exploration into the multiple roles of FT homologous genes in regulating the reproductive transformation and vegetative growth of flowering plants.
基金This research was funded by grants from the Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Project(2021N5014,2022N5006)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Putian(2023GJGZ001).
文摘Loquat(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.),a rare fruit native to China,has a long history of cultivation in China.Low temperature is the key factor restricting loquat growth and severely affects yield.Low temperature induces the regeneration and metabolism of reduced glutathione(GSH)to alleviate stress damage via the participation of glu-tathione S-transferases(GSTs)in plants.In this study,16 GSTs were identified from the loquat genome according to their protein sequence similarity with Arabidopsis GSTs.On the basis of domain characteristics and phyloge-netic analysis of AtGSTs,these EjGSTs can be divided into 4 subclasses:Phi,Theta,Tau and Zeta.The basic prop-erties,subcellular localization,structures,motifs,chromosomal distribution and collinearity of the EjGST proteins or genes were further analyzed.Tandem and segmental gene duplications play pivotal roles in EjGST expansion.Cis-elements that respond to various hormones and stresses,especially those associated with low-temperature responsiveness,were predicted to be present in the promoters of EjGSTs.Moreover,analysis of gene expression profiles revealed that 9 of 16 EjGSTs may be involved in the low-temperature responsiveness of loquat leaves.In agriculture,5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA),a potential multifunctional plant growth regulator,can improve the stress response of plants.Among the 9 low-temperature-responsive EjGSTs,the expression of EjGSTU1 and EjGSTF1 significantly differed under cold stress in response to exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA)pretreat-ment.The remarkable increase in GST activity and GSH/GSSG ratio reflected the increase in the cold response ability of loquat plants caused by exogenous ALA,thereby alleviating H2O2 accumulation and membrane lipid preoxidation.Overall,this study provides an initial exploration of the cold tolerance function of GSTs in loquat,offering a theoretical foundation for the development of cold-resistant loquat cultivars and new antifreeze agents.
文摘The taxonomic status of Daduhe loquat （E. prinoides var. dadunensis） was studied through analyzing genetic relationships among Oakleaf loquat （E. prinoides）, Daduhe loquat and Common loquat （E. japonica） using inter simple sequence repeats （ISSR） molecular marker and morphologic marker in this paper. Based on ISSR marker research, the similarity coefficient between Oakleaf loquat and Common loquat was lower than the similarity coefficient between Oakleaf loquat and Daduhe loquat while the similarity coefficient between Daduhe loquat and Common loquat was intermediate. The highest additivity was obtained when Daduhe loquat was regarded as the undetermined hybrid （45.8%）. The specific bands of Oakleaf loquat and Common loquat were present in Daduhe loquat. Based on morphologic traits research, Daduhe loquat was also between Oakleaf loquat and Common loquat but a little leaning to Oakleaf loquat. All the results support that Daduhe loquat was hybrid of Oakleaf loquat and Common loquat.
文摘[Objective] This study was to explore the growth characteristics and fruit quality of a new bud mutant line, ＇Chuanzao Loquat＇. [Method] Paraffin section technique combined with field investigation method were adopted to conduct com- parative analysis of shoot histomorphology and phenological phases between two Io- quat varieties, ＇Chuanzao Loquat＇ and ＇Zaozhong 6＇. [Result] ＇Chuanzao Loquat＇ branched out and unfolded leaves about half to a month earlier than ＇Zaozhong 6＇; both the flowering and fruiting phases of ＇Chuanzao Loquat＇ were three months earlier than a precocious variety, ＇Zaozhong 6＇; the proportions of epidermis, cortex parenchyma, vascular tissue and medulla were 3.7%, 14.5%, 15.9% and 65.9%, re- spectively, in spdng shoots of ＇Chuanzao Loquat＇, and 3.1%, 42.5%, 6.9% and 47.5%, respectively, in ＇Zaozhong 6＇. [Conclusion] In terms of phenological phases, ＇Chuanzao Loqua＇ is earlier than ＇Zaozhong 6＇, a currently widely planted precocious variety, and thus is an important germplasm resource of Ioquats.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest "Tec-hnology Research and Experimental Demonstration of Loquat Industry"(201003073)~~
文摘[Objective] The paper was to evaluate effects of peracetic acid （PAA） combined with calcium treatments on storage quality of Ioquat fruits, so as to pro- vide practical techniques to solve the problems of postharvest rot and quality deteri- oration for Ioquat fruits. [Method] With Ioquat fruits of Qingzhong variety as materi- als, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8% PAA combined with 0.8% CaCI2 was used to soak Ioquat fruits for 4 min, 0.8% CaCl2 and water treatments were set as two controls; the fruits were dried and packaged by 0.02 mm PE bags, then stored under non-chilling low temperature of （7±1） ℃. The indicators related to storage quality of Ioquat fruits were randomly tested once every 3 d, and their variation situations were analyzed. [Result] Compared with two control treatments and 0.2% PAA, 0.8% PAA combined with calcium treatments, the treatment of 0.4% PAA combined with 0.8% CaCl2 could significantly inhibit rot index, weight loss rate, firmness and cell membrane permeability of Ioquat fruits during storage period, which could also effectively delay the reduction of titratable acid, vitamin C, soluble solid content and juice yield, and maintain respiration intensity of fruits at a low level; the appearance and flavor qual- ity of fruits were good after stored for 25 d. [Conclusion] 0.4% PAA combined with 0.8% CaCl2 treatment is an efficient, safe and economical practice technology in an- ti-corrosion and quality preservation for postharvest Ioquat fruits .
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(201003073)Key Laboratory Program of Agriculture Ministry of China(2013JCYJ-004)+1 种基金Applied Basic Research Program of Chengdu City Science and Technology Bureau(11DXYB039NC)Youth Foundation of Sichuan Province(2011QNJJ-010)~~
文摘ObjectiveThe study aimed to explore the factors regulating carotenoid accumulation in flesh color. MethodA loquat mutation （red-or orange-fleshed plant emerged a bud mutation of white-flesh in trunk） was used as material; HPLC analysis of β-carotene content was conducted. ResultThe β-carotene concentration in the flesh of wild and mutant types was 60.9 and 4.6 μg/g fresh weight, respectively. According to the conserved regions of genes from rose family genome, carotenogenic gene fragments in wild and mutant types were obtained. No nucleotide variation of the carotenogenic gene fragments was observed between wild and mutant genome. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Q-PCR） was compared and one carotenogenic gene, β-ring hydroxylase （HYB） were considerably suppressed in mature mutant loquat fruits compared with that in wild. The other six carotenogenic genes were also expressed but the expression patterns appeared to be not correlated with the amount of β-carotene concentration in wild loquat flesh. ConclusionThe mutant whitish loquat lacks the ability to synthesize β-carotene because of the transcriptional down-regulation of carotenogenic gene HYB.
基金Supported by Innovative Practice Training Foundation for Students of Jiangsu Universities and Colleges~~
文摘The planning and design of Qingzhong Loquat Sightseeing Park in Jinting Township, Wuzhong District, Suzhou City was taken for an example, industrial development, advantages and disadvantages of the study area were analyzed. Design concepts and techniques of"One Brand for One Village"for Qingzhong Loquat Sightseeing Park were introduced from the perspectives of project orientation, planning concepts, functional division, scenic spot design, infrastructure planning and so on. Six ancient relics and three grotesque trees were introduced to expound the planning scheme of typical landscapes. Finally, the architectural control planning from the perspectives of height and style was stressed. The planning scheme broke common restraints of other similar parks, such as poor infrastructure and disordered garden constructions, proposed the planning concept of"building a modern eco-agricultural sightseeing fruit park mainly for production but also integrating functions of tourism, ecological picking, recreation and entertainment", providing a basis for building "One Brand for One Village" and realizing the high-efficiency scale-development of agriculture.
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the Ioquat leaf mould disease in Mengzi City of Yunnan Province and lay the foundation for determination of effective prevention and control methods.[Method] Loquat leaf mould pathogenic fungus was isolated by tissue separation method and inoculated with conidial suspension.The pathogenicity of Ioquat leaf mould pathogen was verified by Koch＇s postulate.Under a microscope,mycelial morphology and conidial fructification were observed,spore sizes were measured,and Ioquat leaf mould pathogen was identified according to the morphological characteristics.[Result] Velvet-like,olive green fungal colonies were generated on PDA medium.Conidiophores erect,apex curved,dark brown,smooth,with obvious spore marks and no diaphragm,（33.0-152.8） μm×（2.6-4.0）μm.Cladosporium was brown or pale olive with spore marks,monocelled or with one diaphragm,（7.1-19.0） μm × （1.9-5.9） μm.Conidia concatenate （2-4）,oval or spherical,with no spore mark,light olive,monocelled,smooth,（2.1-9.4） μm × （1.2-2.6） μm.[Conclusion] Loquat leaf mold disease began to occur in the germination period of spring shoots and summer shoots and became serious in the germination period of autumn shoots.Sooty mold-like layer grew on both front and back surfaces and densely covered the whole leaves,thus seriously affecting the photosynthesis of plants.The pathogen was preliminarily identified as Cladosporium eriobotryae Pass.＆ Beltrani.
基金This work was financially supported by the Key Research Project of Scie nee and Technology,Sichuan,China(2016NYZ0034).
文摘Flowering is an important process for the reproduction of higher plants.Up to this point,the studies on flowering have mostly focused on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana,and the flowering mechanism of fruit trees remains mostly unknown.The diversity of the flowering time of loquat(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)makes it an ideal material to study the regulation of flowering.In this study,we first observed the inflorescence bud differentiation in two varieties of loquat that had different blooming times(cv.Dawuxing(E.japonica),that blooms in the fall and cv.Chunhua(E.japonica×Eriobotrya bengalensis Hook.f.)that blooms in the spring)and found that the starting time of inflorescence bud differentiation and the speed of inflorescence development were responsible for the difference in blooming times.The determination of endogenous phytohormones by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)indicated that abscisic acid(ABA),zeatin(ZT),and gibberellin(GA3)promoted flowering in loquat,while indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)was mainly involved in inflorescence bud differentiation in Chunhua.A transcription level analysis illustrated that multiple flowering-related genes could respond to different signals,integrate to the TFL1,AP1 and FT genes,and then synergistically regulate flowering in loquat.Thus,this study provides a new insight into flowering regulation mechanisms in loquat.
基金financially supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-30)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31401686 and 31872934)。
文摘Monilinia fructicola has been widely reported as the causal agent of brown rot disease on many Rosaceae family fruits worldwide.It has been reported on stone fruits,e.g.,peach,plum,cherry,apricot and mume;as well as pome fruits,e.g.,apple,pear and hawthorn.Loquat is a member of the Eriobotrya genus in subfamily Maloideae along with apple,pear and hawthorn.So far,loquat has not been reported as the host of any Monilia species.In June 2019,brown rot symptoms were observed on loquat fruits in an orchard in Wuhan,Hubei Province,China.Thirty single spore isolates were obtained and identified as M.fructicola based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis.This is the first report of loquat brown rot disease caused by Monilia species in the world.Furthermore,upon artificial inoculation,all three Monilia species from peach in China,i.e.,M.fructicola,M.mumecola and M.yunnanensis,could cause typical brown rot disease on loquat fruits.At the same time,M.fructicola isolates from loquat showed virulence similar to those isolates from peach when the pathogenicity test was conducted on peach fruits.These results suggested that loquat could be infected by other Monilia species and that isolates from loquat also have potential to damage other Rosaceae family fruits in practice.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30825027)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(No.2006BAD11A12)
文摘The near infrared （NIR） spectroscopy technique has been applied in many fields because of its advantages of simple preparation, fast response, and non-destructiveness. We investigated the potential of NIR spectroscopy in diffuse reflectance mode for determining the soluble solid content （SSC） and acidity （pH） of intact loquats. Two cultivars of loquats （Dahongpao and Jiajiaozhong） harvested from two orchards （Tangxi and Chun＇an, Zhejiang, China） were used for the measurement of NIR spectra between 800 and 2500 nm. A total of 400 loquats （100 samples of each cultivar from each orchard） were used in this study. Relationships between NIR spectra and SSC and acidity of loquats were evaluated using partial least square （PLS） method. Spectra preprocessing options included the first and second derivatives, multiple scatter correction （MSC）, and the standard normal variate （SNV）. Three separate spectral windows identified as full NIR （800-2500 nm）, short NIR （800-1100 rim）, and long NIR （1100-2500 nm） were studied in factorial combination with the preprocessing options. The models gave relatively good predictions of the SSC of loquats, with root mean square error of prediction （RMSEP） values of 1.21, 1.00, 0.965, and 1.16 °Brix for Tangxi-Dahongpao, Tangxi-Jiajiaozhong, Chun＇an-Dahongpao, and Chun＇an-Jiajiaozhong, respectively. The acidity prediction was not satisfactory, with the RMSEP of 0.382, 0.194, 0.388, and 0.361 for the above four loquats, respectively. The results indicate that NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy can be used to predict the SSC and acidity of loquat fruit.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory Program of the Ministry of Agriculture of China (2013JCYJ-004) and its supplementary items (2015JSCX-036, 2015LWJJ-010)the Program of Modern Agriculture Technology Innovation and Demonstration of Provincial Finance Department, China (2014CXSF-015)
文摘supported by the Key Laboratory Program of the Ministry of Agriculture of China （2013JCYJ-004） and its supplementary items （2015JSCX-036, 2015LWJJ-010）;the Program of Modern Agriculture Technology Innovation and Demonstration of Provincial Finance Department, China （2014CXSF-015）
文摘The objective of this research was investigated the effect of polyphenol oxidase microwave treatment on phenolic composition, antioxidant activity and microstructure of loquat fruit. Phenolic profile of methanolic extracts prepared from fresh, and microwave-treated samples were analyzed. Antioxidant activity was also evaluated by 2,2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS?+) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH+) methods. In addition, polyphenol oxidase inactivation was carried out using a response surface methodology to establish the optimal conditions of treatment. The phenolic content of fresh mesocarp was 311 ± 0.60 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100g dry weight (DW) and that of microwave-treated mesocarp was 1230 ± 0.36 mg GAE/100g DW. Total phenolic content of water/ methanol extract significantly increases after microwave treatment rather than methanolic extract of fresh loquat. Five glycoside phenolics were identified by HPLC-DAD-MS as 3-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-p-coumaroylquinic acid, 5-caffeoylquinic acid and quercetin-3-O-sambubioside. Methanolic extract of microwave-treated mesocarp showed higher antioxidant activity than that of fresh mesocarp. Thus, polyphenol oxidase inactivation by microwave energy preserved the integrity of phenolic compounds as well as antioxidant activity in mesocarp extracts prepared from loquat fruit. It was also noted that phenolics were more abundant in the microwaved samples than in the fresh samples.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2021J05240)Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Project(2021N5014,2022N5006)+1 种基金Research Project of Putian Science and Technology Bureau(2021ZP08,2021ZP09,2021ZP10,2021ZP11)Scientific Research Project of Putian University(2018064).
文摘Loquat(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)is a subtropical evergreen fruit tree that produces fruits with abundant nutrients and medicinal components.Confirming suitable reference genes for a set of loquat samples before qRT-PCR experiments is essential for the accurate quantification of gene expression.In this study,eight candidate reference genes were selected from our previously published RNA-seq data,and primers for each candidate reference gene were designed and evaluated.The Cq values of the candidate reference genes were calculated by RT-qPCR in 31 different loquat samples,including 12 subgroups of developing or abiotic-stressed tissues.Different combinations of stable reference genes were screened according to a comprehensive rank,which was synthesized from the results of four algorithms,including the geNorm,NormFinder,BestKeeper andΔCt methods.The screened reference genes were verified by normalizing EjLGA1 in each subgroup.The obtained suitable combinations of reference genes for accurate normalization were GAPDH,EF1αand ACT for floral development;GAPDH,UBCE and ACT for fruit setting;EF1α,GAPDH and eIF2B for fruit ripening;ACT,EF1αand UBCE for leaves under heat stress;eIF2B,UBCE and EF1αfor leaves under freezing stress;EF1α,TUA and UBCE for leaves under salt stress;ACT,EF1αand eIF2B for immature pulp under freezing stress;ACT,UBCE and eIF2B for immature seeds under freezing stress;EF1α,eIF2B and UBCE for both immature pulp and seeds under freezing stress;UBCE,TUB and TUA for red-fleshed fruits under cold-storage stress;eIF2B,RPS3 and TUB for white-fleshed fruits under coldstorage stress;and eIF2B,UBCE and RPS3 for both red-and white-fleshed fruits under cold-storage stress.This study obtained different combinations of stable reference genes for accurate normalization in twelve subgroups of developing or abiotic-stressed tissues in loquat.To our knowledge,this is the first report to obtain stable reference genes for normalizing gene expression of abiotic-stressed tissues in E.japonica.The use of the three most stable reference genes could increase the reliability of future quantification experiments.
文摘A devastating trunk beetle has been found in Baisha loquat in Dongshan Town, Wuzhong District, Suzhou City in recent years. It is iden-tified as a new insect species, Cryphalus eriobotryae, belonging to Scolytinae, Curculionidae, Coleoptera. So far, loquat is known as the unique host of C. eriobotryae, and trees of 20-30 years old or 3-4 years old are all attacked by the insect. Holes drilled by adults with the diameter of about0.8 mm and sores(ate by adults) with the diameter of 1 mm are found on bark and trunk of damaged trees. Three-dimensional channels in 3-4 layers are formed in cortex, which are filled with insect dung. The phloem turns black-brown in late stage, and loses transport function, resulting in plant death and a great impact on loquat production and industrial development. During the occurrence period of C. eriobotryae from April to November,the damaged trunks and branches should be sprayed with 48% chlorpyrifos EC or 5% imidacloprid EC 100 times dilution once every 10 d for con-tinuous 2-3 times, and various states of the insect could be killed. If the phloem is damaged in the early and middle stages and does not turn black and brown completely, the plant could grow new cortex to realize recovery.
文摘In order to explore whether the endophytic Trichoderma strain P3.9 of loquat has an adverse effect on indigenous fungi in loquat rhizosphere soil, the quantitative change of aboriginal fungi is determined by dish dilution and plate colony-counting method with time changing in one season. The results showed that after the inoculation of endophytic Trichoderma strain P3.9, the total number of indigenous fungi in loquat rhizosphere soil had an obviously downward trend in contrast with the control which was without inoculation. For treatment groups, 5~60 d after inoculation, the number of indigenous fungi showed a cyclic upward-downward trend at a 10-d interval except for the insignificant changes from 35 to 40 d;60~90 d after inoculation, the upward-downward trend repeated at a 30-d interval. For the control group, the number of indigenous fungi first presented a downward-upward trend every 15 d during the period of 5~50 d, and then an upward-downward trend from the period of 50~70 d and the 75~85 d, and lastly continuous growth from 85 to 90 d;particularly, it did not vary greatly from 70 to 75 d. In general, the quantity of indigenous fungi is unstable in the control group which fluctuates more significantly than in the treatment group. The number of indigenous fungi in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group. The Trichoderma strain P3.9 can inhibit indigenous fungi in loquat rhizosphere soil effectively.
文摘The effect of NdCl_3 on the rooting and nitrogen metabolism of loquat in vitro was studied when NdCl_3 was added to the rooted medium. The results show that 0.4 μmol·L^(-1) NdCl_3 in the rooted medium can obviously increase the rooting rate, length of root and fresh weight of roots, and enhance the activities of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase in the root system and in the leaves. The transformation of NO_3^- to NH_4^+ in root system and leaves are promoted and the nitrogen metabolism is accelerated with 0.4 μmol·L^(-1) NdCl_3 treatment.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University(No.2016JC033)the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province (No. ts201511004)
文摘Fossil fuel exhaustion and overdevelopment usually lead to a recession,which is worsened by the environmental pollution.So it is of high priority to develop high-efficiency energy storage device.Here,agreen and environment-friendly strategy is devised to fabricate carbon materials from biomass.By water extraction and alcohol precipitation,polysaccharide is extracted from loquat leaves.After calcining under high temperature,hierarchical porous carbon materials(HPCM)are obtained,possessing a variety of macropores,mesopores and micropores.Such ample and hierarchical pores enable the electrolyte infiltration and the buffering of the volume expansion of sulfur in repeated electrochemical reactions.The structure stability of the entire electrode can thus be well maintained.When evaluated as the scaffold for sulfur,the electrochemical performance of carbon/sulfur composite was tested.Even after 500 cycles,the reversible capacity is retained as high as 485.4 mA·h/g at the current density of 1.6 A/g.It also offers a notable rate capability,attaining the discharge capacity of 700.7 mA·h/g at 2 C.All the electrochemical performance results prove the feasibility of the proposed strategy.
基金Supported by the High-technology Program of Jiangsu Province(BG2007312)
文摘[ Objective ] This study aimed to explore the ways of using SSR technology to construct the fingerprinting maps of the loquat. [ Method ] Fingerprinting patterns of the SSR markers for 33 loquat varieties in national loquat germplasm resource garden were constructed by specifically amplifying palymorphism from 7 pairs of primers screened from 51 pairs of primers of the relatives Mains and Pyrus. [ Result ] The results showed that the uses of 7 primers, namely, Hi01d05F, Hil2iO4F, CH02B10F, Hi03a03, Hi03e04, Hi04a05 and Hi02c07 could distinguish 33 loquat germplasms from one another completely. [ Conclusion] This study provides an essential criterion for classification and identification of the loquat resources.
基金Project(No.20-1540/R&D/09)supported by the Higher Education Commission(HEC)of Pakistan
文摘In vitro cultures of loquat cultivar Mardan were established using shoot apices after treating with NaOCl (5%,7%,10%,12%,14% (v/v)) for 12 min and HgCl2 (0.01%,0.05%,0.10%,0.20%,0.25% (w/v)) for 2 min.A maximum survival rate of 70% was recorded after surface sterilization with 10% NaOCl.Caulogenic response was assessed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with assorted combinations of the cytokinins,benzylaminopurine (BAP),kinetin,and N6-(2-isopentyl)adenine (2iP).Treatment of BAP 1.5 mg/L combined with 2iP 9.0 mg/L and kinetin 1.5 mg/L was found to be optimum for shoot morphogenesis in terms of the number and subsequent growth of shoots,while the highest shoot length was yielded by the combination of BAP 0.5 mg/L,kinetin 0.5 mg/L,and 2iP 3 mg/L.Higher levels of cytokinins induced callogenesis,vitrification and stunted growth to some extent.For rhizogenesis,uniform sized micro-shoots were excised and transferred to half-strength MS medium containing auxins.The best rooting expression was observed with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 1 mg/L combined with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) 2 mg/L and paclobutrazol (PBZ) 1 mg/L.
