BACKGROUND Although extensive research has investigated attentional biases based on the looming vulnerability model of anxiety,the characteristics of attentional biases in individuals with looming cognitive styles(LCS...BACKGROUND Although extensive research has investigated attentional biases based on the looming vulnerability model of anxiety,the characteristics of attentional biases in individuals with looming cognitive styles(LCS)remain incompletely elucidated.No prior eye-tracking studies have examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of their threat-related attentional preferences.AIM To investigate the nature and temporal pattern of attentional biases toward threat stimuli in individuals exhibiting different levels of LCS using eye-tracking technology.METHODS A total of 212 participants were stratified according to their Looming Maladaptive Style Questionnaire scores.From the high and low scoring subgroups,35 participants were randomly selected for an eye-tracking experiment using a classic dot-probe paradigm featuring threat and neutral images.Four eye-tracking metrics,including first fixation latency,first fixation duration,total fixation duration,and fixation count,were analyzed to assess detection speed,attentional orienting,initial maintenance/avoidance,and overall engagement.RESULTS Distinct attentional bias patterns were observed between high and low LCS groups.High LCS individuals exhibited a vigilance-avoidance pattern characterized by initial vigilance toward threat stimuli(evidenced by faster detection and preferential orienting),followed by attentional avoidance,alongside sustained attention maintenance to threat.CONCLUSION These findings reveal a temporal dissociation between early vigilance and later avoidance during threat processing in high LCS individuals,providing novel empirical evidence to refine models of cognitive vulnerability and attentional dynamics in threat perception.展开更多
The looming stimulus-evoked flight response to approaching predators is a defensive behavior in most animals. However, how looming stimuli are detected in the retina and transmitted to the brain remains unclear. Here,...The looming stimulus-evoked flight response to approaching predators is a defensive behavior in most animals. However, how looming stimuli are detected in the retina and transmitted to the brain remains unclear. Here, we report that a group of GABAergic retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) projecting to the superior colliculus (SC) transmit looming signals from the retina to the brain, mediating the looming-evoked flight behavior by releasing GABA. GAD2-Cre and vGAT-Cre transgenic mice were used in combination with Cre-activated anterograde or retrograde tracer viruses to map the inputs to specific GABAergic RGC circuits. Optogenetic technology was used to assess the function of SC-projecting GABAergic RGCs (scpgRGCs) in the SC. FDIO-DTA (Flp-dependent Double-Floxed Inverted Open reading frame-Diphtheria toxin) combined with the FLP (Florfenicol, Lincomycin & Prednisolone) approach was used to ablate or silence scpgRGCs. In the mouse retina, GABAergic RGCs project to different brain areas, including the SC. ScpgRGCs are monosynaptically connected to parvalbumin-positive SC neurons known to be required for the looming-evoked flight response. Optogenetic activation of scpgRGCs triggers GABA-mediated inhibition in SC neurons. Ablation or silencing of scpgRGCs compromises looming-evoked flight responses without affecting image-forming functions. Our study reveals that scpgRGCs control the looming-evoked flight response by regulating SC neurons via GABA, providing novel insight into the regulation of innate defensive behaviors.展开更多
Massive job losses are in the offing in the textile sector, says the theApparel Export Promotion Council (AEPC).The high prices of cotton have pushed up the cost of the fabric andthe end product. We are now in a situa...Massive job losses are in the offing in the textile sector, says the theApparel Export Promotion Council (AEPC).The high prices of cotton have pushed up the cost of the fabric andthe end product. We are now in a situation where we are forced to rejectrepeat orders as we can’t justify the high prices to our foreign buyers.展开更多
The large quantity of cheap labor resources has long been regarded as one of the important factors that make it possible for China's economy to maintain rapid growth. However, Cai Fang, Director of the Institute o...The large quantity of cheap labor resources has long been regarded as one of the important factors that make it possible for China's economy to maintain rapid growth. However, Cai Fang, Director of the Institute of Population and Labor Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, warned at a lecture in early May that China's surplus rural labor force is not as large as thought and that China will soon experience the transition from labor surplus to labor shortage. He predicted that the turning point would occur probably in 2009. In response, Hou Dongmin, Director of the Institute of Population, Resources and Environment of Renmin University of China, and Deng Yuwen, researcher at the China Society of Economic Reform, analyze the expected impacts of transition on China's future growth mode (in sequence).展开更多
Founded in 1995,Qingdao Haijia Machinery Group Co.,Ltd(hereinafter refered to as Haijia)has become a global leader in shuttleless looms.With sales in 30 countries,Haijia has sold over 170,000 shuttleless looms worldwi...Founded in 1995,Qingdao Haijia Machinery Group Co.,Ltd(hereinafter refered to as Haijia)has become a global leader in shuttleless looms.With sales in 30 countries,Haijia has sold over 170,000 shuttleless looms worldwide,and has maintained a leading market share in water-jet looms for many consecutive years.The Group boasts three manufacturing plants and over ten marketing and service centers worldwide,employs nearly 600 people,and holds over 170 proprietary intellectual property rights.Haijia is a comprehensive enterprise integrating R&D,design,manufacturing,marketing,and after-sales service.展开更多
Jiangsu Niupai Machinery&Elecronics Co,ltd.is National Specialized and New"Little Giant"Enterprise,National High&New Technological Enterprise,Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Loom Shedding Engin...Jiangsu Niupai Machinery&Elecronics Co,ltd.is National Specialized and New"Little Giant"Enterprise,National High&New Technological Enterprise,Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Loom Shedding Engineering Technology and Jiangsu Provincial Enterprise Technology Center.The company has obtained SGS-certified ISO9001 quality management system,a globally recognized standard.Niupai specializes in the R&D and manufacturing of cam shedding device,dobby shedding device,jacquard shedding device and heald frames for water-jet looms,air-jet looms as well as rapier looms.展开更多
Changshu Textile Machinery Works Co.,Ltd.was founded in 1958 and is a professional R&D and manufacturing enterprise of looms shedding device in China.The company's products cover three series of shedding devic...Changshu Textile Machinery Works Co.,Ltd.was founded in 1958 and is a professional R&D and manufacturing enterprise of looms shedding device in China.The company's products cover three series of shedding devices for looms(Dobby,Jacquard,Cam Motion),forming a series of products with electronic shedding devices as the main products,and mechanical shedding devices as the auxiliary products.D2876pro electronic dobby The D2876pro electronic dobby is a high-performance equipment designed for a maximum operating speed of 800rpm.It has 16 cams,and 12mm of pitch,with a high installation type.The shedding type is double lift and full clear open.Its maximum wefts is 12,800 and 100,000.It has a two-stage filtration lubrication with a gerotor pump oil recycle system,and it is suitable for water-jet looms.展开更多
In 2024,global shipments of new short-staple spindles and open-end rotors decreased by 40%and 39%,respectively(year-on-year).Deliveries of long-staple spindles increased by 62%.The number of draw texturing spindles im...In 2024,global shipments of new short-staple spindles and open-end rotors decreased by 40%and 39%,respectively(year-on-year).Deliveries of long-staple spindles increased by 62%.The number of draw texturing spindles improved by 77%and shipped shuttleless looms grew by 32%.Shipments of large circular knitting machines deteriorated by 15%and shipped flat knitting machines registered a 16%increase.The sum of all deliveries in the fin-ishing segment slightlyrose by 6%.展开更多
Defensive behaviors induced by innate fear or Pavlovian fear conditioning are crucial for animals to avoid threats and ensure survival.The zona incerta(ZI)has been demonstrated to play important roles in fear learning...Defensive behaviors induced by innate fear or Pavlovian fear conditioning are crucial for animals to avoid threats and ensure survival.The zona incerta(ZI)has been demonstrated to play important roles in fear learning and fear memory,as well as modulating auditory-induced innate defensive behavior.However,whether the neuronal subtypes in the ZI and specific circuits can mediate the innate fear response is largely unknown.Here,we found that somatostatin(SST)-positive neurons in the rostral ZI of mice were activated by a visual innate fear stimulus.Optogenetic inhibition of SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI resulted in reduced flight responses to an overhead looming stimulus.Optogenetic activation of SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI induced fear-like defensive behavior including increased immobility and bradycardia.In addition,we demonstrated that manipulation of the GABAergic projections from SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI to the downstream nucleus reuniens(Re)mediated fear-like defensive behavior.Retrograde trans-synaptic tracing also revealed looming stimulus-activated neurons in the superior colliculus(SC)that projected to the Re-projecting SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI(SC-ZIrSST-Re pathway).Together,our study elucidates the function of SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI and the SC-ZIrSST-Re tri-synaptic circuit in mediating the innate fear response.展开更多
Evading or escaping from predators is one of the most crucial issues for survival across the animal kingdom.The timely detection of predators and the initiation of appropriate fight-or-flight responses are innate capa...Evading or escaping from predators is one of the most crucial issues for survival across the animal kingdom.The timely detection of predators and the initiation of appropriate fight-or-flight responses are innate capabilities of the nervous system.Here we review recent progress in our understanding of innate visually-triggered defensive behaviors and the underlying neural circuit mechanisms,and a comparison among vinegar flies,zebrafish,and mice is included.This overview covers the anatomical and functional aspects of the neural circuits involved in this process,including visual threat processing and identification,the selection of appropriate behavioral responses,and the initiation of these innate defensive behaviors.The emphasis of this review is on the early stages of this pathway,namely,threat identification from complex visual inputs and how behavioral choices are influenced by differences in visual threats.We also briefly cover how the innate defensive response is processed centrally.Based on these summaries,we discuss coding strategies for visual threats and propose a common prototypical pathway for rapid innate defensive responses.展开更多
Key requirements of successful animal behavior research in the laboratory are robustness,objectivity,and high throughput,which apply to both the recording and analysis of behavior.Many automatic methods of monitoring ...Key requirements of successful animal behavior research in the laboratory are robustness,objectivity,and high throughput,which apply to both the recording and analysis of behavior.Many automatic methods of monitoring animal behavior meet these requirements.However,they usually depend on high-performing hardware and sophisticated software,which may be expensive.Here,we describe an automatic infrared behavior-monitor(AIBM)system based on an infrared touchscreen frame.Using this,animal positions can be recorded and used for further behavioral analysis by any PC supporting touch events.This system detects animal behavior in real time and gives closed-loop feedback using relatively low computing resources and simple algorithms.The AIBM system automatically records and analyzes multiple types of animal behavior in a highly efficient,unbiased,and low-cost manner.展开更多
On the basis of the analysis of typical orthogonal crankrocking lever spatial mechanism for the weft insertion in rapier looms, the rules of the outputting lever motion and the mechanism pressure-angle variety are stu...On the basis of the analysis of typical orthogonal crankrocking lever spatial mechanism for the weft insertion in rapier looms, the rules of the outputting lever motion and the mechanism pressure-angle variety are studied when the maximum swing angle of rocking lever and the length of outputting lever have different values, and the optimum parameters suitable for motion transmission can be chosen. At the same time some existing shortpoints of the mechanism are also pointed out.展开更多
The airflow in the reed groove of the air jet loom for the weft insertion includes the jet stream from the relay nozzle, the back leak stream from the reed, and the diffusion stream from the open side. The air velocit...The airflow in the reed groove of the air jet loom for the weft insertion includes the jet stream from the relay nozzle, the back leak stream from the reed, and the diffusion stream from the open side. The air velocity in the reed groove can be measured to analyze the influence of process parameters during the weft insertion. The relation between the air velocity and the relay nozzle distance, the jet angle or the supply pressure of the relay nozzle can be studied. In this paper, the pitot tube is applied to measure the air velocity in reed groove by the instrument designed. And the results indicate that the air velocity fluctuation in the reed groove is strong, and can drop from 150 m·s-1 to 80 m·s-1 drastically.展开更多
A new type of rapier drive for flexible rapier loom through conjugate cams with five-bar linkage mechanism is raised and analyzed. Two designs suitable for the conversion of 1515-190.5 shuttle looms are given as examp...A new type of rapier drive for flexible rapier loom through conjugate cams with five-bar linkage mechanism is raised and analyzed. Two designs suitable for the conversion of 1515-190.5 shuttle looms are given as examples. This mechanism can be applied to traditional shuttle looms as well as to new flexible rapier loom design.展开更多
For the purpose of obtaining satisfactory performance of the non-circular gear & crank-rocker & gear trains (NCCRG) weft insertion mechanism which was proposed in this paper, the ideal kinematic curve of this ...For the purpose of obtaining satisfactory performance of the non-circular gear & crank-rocker & gear trains (NCCRG) weft insertion mechanism which was proposed in this paper, the ideal kinematic curve of this weft insertion mechanism was given, and the reverse solution models of this mechanism were established. A reverse design and simulation software was compiled based on Visual Basic 6.0 to obtain the mechanism parameters, including the pitch curves and tooth profiles of the non-circular gears. A test-bed of this mechanism was developed according to these parameters. The kinematic performance of this weft insertion mechanism was tested by high-speed video tape recorder with its corresponding video analytical software Blaster's MAS. And the test results were identical with the theoretical calculation. Compared with the conjugate cam weft insertion mechanism which is applied on TT96 rapier loom, under the condition of same weft insertion rate, the variation of acceleration of this mechanism is smaller. This novel weft insertion mechanism can meet the requirements of weft insertion on rapier looms with smooth and steady motion.展开更多
A modified trapezoid acceleration pattern with a constant speed part is introduced for loomrapier motion driven by cam.The pattern can meet the time requirement of rapier on entering andleaving the shed,and can satisf...A modified trapezoid acceleration pattern with a constant speed part is introduced for loomrapier motion driven by cam.The pattern can meet the time requirement of rapier on entering andleaving the shed,and can satisfy the condition when the period duration of inserting is not equal tothat of withdrawing.Meanwhile,the pattern can also reduce the maximum acceleration of rapierand make the derivatives of rapier acceleration change continuously without any abruptness ofjerks.展开更多
The axle-treadle mechanism of Han loom consists of a set of components, including two pedals controlling one shaft via a central axle. Based on the new archaeological finds, especially the pottery loom model, the coll...The axle-treadle mechanism of Han loom consists of a set of components, including two pedals controlling one shaft via a central axle. Based on the new archaeological finds, especially the pottery loom model, the collection of Krishna Riboud, and the historical document, a kind of axle treadle loom with oblique warp frame was reconstructed by author. It might be applied in the central China at that time, especially in Shandong and Jiangsu areas, and it was not later than the Warring State period for the oblique axle treadle loom to come into being and reach a peak in the Han Dynasty. After that time, it was used with the vertical frame but lost the importance gradually.展开更多
In this paper,the effects of loom speed fluctuation on the mean speed and on the power ofdriving motor were investigated and the expressions for these effects were derived.Based on theenergy relationships,a new index ...In this paper,the effects of loom speed fluctuation on the mean speed and on the power ofdriving motor were investigated and the expressions for these effects were derived.Based on theenergy relationships,a new index of equivalent fluctuation was introduced,the connection be-tween this equivalent fluctuation and the energy of speed function on frequency domain was thenfound.In addition to the above theme,the residual kinetic energy of the shuttle and pickingmechanism,taken as a considerable part in the potentiality of loom energy-saving was also ana-lysed.According to the results of theoretical analyses,the ways of energy-saving in looms weresuggested.Finally,taking the loom of 1511 type as a practical example,the potentiality ofenergy-saving was calculated.展开更多
For Toyoda looms with air-jet weft insertion,the beat-ing-up mechanisms together with those of Tsudakomawater-jet looms are analyzed.Then by changing thecrank length of the four-bar-linkage for the air-jetlooms to get...For Toyoda looms with air-jet weft insertion,the beat-ing-up mechanisms together with those of Tsudakomawater-jet looms are analyzed.Then by changing thecrank length of the four-bar-linkage for the air-jetlooms to get four specifications of reed travel correspond-ing to the series of Tsudakoma water-jet looms,it canbe proved by comparisons of displacements,velocities,accelerations and transmission pressure angles that thosetwo series of mechanisms have very similar kinematicproperties.So the possibility of developing a series of wa-ter-jet looms modified from Toyoda air-jet looms isproved.It is beneficial to save the machine cost andbroaden the machine types.展开更多
基金Supported by the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission,China,No.GWV-10.2-YQ46.
文摘BACKGROUND Although extensive research has investigated attentional biases based on the looming vulnerability model of anxiety,the characteristics of attentional biases in individuals with looming cognitive styles(LCS)remain incompletely elucidated.No prior eye-tracking studies have examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of their threat-related attentional preferences.AIM To investigate the nature and temporal pattern of attentional biases toward threat stimuli in individuals exhibiting different levels of LCS using eye-tracking technology.METHODS A total of 212 participants were stratified according to their Looming Maladaptive Style Questionnaire scores.From the high and low scoring subgroups,35 participants were randomly selected for an eye-tracking experiment using a classic dot-probe paradigm featuring threat and neutral images.Four eye-tracking metrics,including first fixation latency,first fixation duration,total fixation duration,and fixation count,were analyzed to assess detection speed,attentional orienting,initial maintenance/avoidance,and overall engagement.RESULTS Distinct attentional bias patterns were observed between high and low LCS groups.High LCS individuals exhibited a vigilance-avoidance pattern characterized by initial vigilance toward threat stimuli(evidenced by faster detection and preferential orienting),followed by attentional avoidance,alongside sustained attention maintenance to threat.CONCLUSION These findings reveal a temporal dissociation between early vigilance and later avoidance during threat processing in high LCS individuals,providing novel empirical evidence to refine models of cognitive vulnerability and attentional dynamics in threat perception.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFE0103400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81470628 and 82471086).
文摘The looming stimulus-evoked flight response to approaching predators is a defensive behavior in most animals. However, how looming stimuli are detected in the retina and transmitted to the brain remains unclear. Here, we report that a group of GABAergic retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) projecting to the superior colliculus (SC) transmit looming signals from the retina to the brain, mediating the looming-evoked flight behavior by releasing GABA. GAD2-Cre and vGAT-Cre transgenic mice were used in combination with Cre-activated anterograde or retrograde tracer viruses to map the inputs to specific GABAergic RGC circuits. Optogenetic technology was used to assess the function of SC-projecting GABAergic RGCs (scpgRGCs) in the SC. FDIO-DTA (Flp-dependent Double-Floxed Inverted Open reading frame-Diphtheria toxin) combined with the FLP (Florfenicol, Lincomycin & Prednisolone) approach was used to ablate or silence scpgRGCs. In the mouse retina, GABAergic RGCs project to different brain areas, including the SC. ScpgRGCs are monosynaptically connected to parvalbumin-positive SC neurons known to be required for the looming-evoked flight response. Optogenetic activation of scpgRGCs triggers GABA-mediated inhibition in SC neurons. Ablation or silencing of scpgRGCs compromises looming-evoked flight responses without affecting image-forming functions. Our study reveals that scpgRGCs control the looming-evoked flight response by regulating SC neurons via GABA, providing novel insight into the regulation of innate defensive behaviors.
文摘Massive job losses are in the offing in the textile sector, says the theApparel Export Promotion Council (AEPC).The high prices of cotton have pushed up the cost of the fabric andthe end product. We are now in a situation where we are forced to rejectrepeat orders as we can’t justify the high prices to our foreign buyers.
文摘The large quantity of cheap labor resources has long been regarded as one of the important factors that make it possible for China's economy to maintain rapid growth. However, Cai Fang, Director of the Institute of Population and Labor Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, warned at a lecture in early May that China's surplus rural labor force is not as large as thought and that China will soon experience the transition from labor surplus to labor shortage. He predicted that the turning point would occur probably in 2009. In response, Hou Dongmin, Director of the Institute of Population, Resources and Environment of Renmin University of China, and Deng Yuwen, researcher at the China Society of Economic Reform, analyze the expected impacts of transition on China's future growth mode (in sequence).
文摘Founded in 1995,Qingdao Haijia Machinery Group Co.,Ltd(hereinafter refered to as Haijia)has become a global leader in shuttleless looms.With sales in 30 countries,Haijia has sold over 170,000 shuttleless looms worldwide,and has maintained a leading market share in water-jet looms for many consecutive years.The Group boasts three manufacturing plants and over ten marketing and service centers worldwide,employs nearly 600 people,and holds over 170 proprietary intellectual property rights.Haijia is a comprehensive enterprise integrating R&D,design,manufacturing,marketing,and after-sales service.
文摘Jiangsu Niupai Machinery&Elecronics Co,ltd.is National Specialized and New"Little Giant"Enterprise,National High&New Technological Enterprise,Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Loom Shedding Engineering Technology and Jiangsu Provincial Enterprise Technology Center.The company has obtained SGS-certified ISO9001 quality management system,a globally recognized standard.Niupai specializes in the R&D and manufacturing of cam shedding device,dobby shedding device,jacquard shedding device and heald frames for water-jet looms,air-jet looms as well as rapier looms.
文摘Changshu Textile Machinery Works Co.,Ltd.was founded in 1958 and is a professional R&D and manufacturing enterprise of looms shedding device in China.The company's products cover three series of shedding devices for looms(Dobby,Jacquard,Cam Motion),forming a series of products with electronic shedding devices as the main products,and mechanical shedding devices as the auxiliary products.D2876pro electronic dobby The D2876pro electronic dobby is a high-performance equipment designed for a maximum operating speed of 800rpm.It has 16 cams,and 12mm of pitch,with a high installation type.The shedding type is double lift and full clear open.Its maximum wefts is 12,800 and 100,000.It has a two-stage filtration lubrication with a gerotor pump oil recycle system,and it is suitable for water-jet looms.
文摘In 2024,global shipments of new short-staple spindles and open-end rotors decreased by 40%and 39%,respectively(year-on-year).Deliveries of long-staple spindles increased by 62%.The number of draw texturing spindles improved by 77%and shipped shuttleless looms grew by 32%.Shipments of large circular knitting machines deteriorated by 15%and shipped flat knitting machines registered a 16%increase.The sum of all deliveries in the fin-ishing segment slightlyrose by 6%.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation 2030-Major Project of Brain Science and Brain-like Research(2021ZD0202700,2021ZD0202702)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2019B030335001,2018B030334001)+6 种基金the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82090030,82090031)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-12M-5-057)the Ministry of Science and Technology(2019YFA0110103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81870898)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021FZZX001-37)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LR18H090002)the Young Scientist Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82001135).
文摘Defensive behaviors induced by innate fear or Pavlovian fear conditioning are crucial for animals to avoid threats and ensure survival.The zona incerta(ZI)has been demonstrated to play important roles in fear learning and fear memory,as well as modulating auditory-induced innate defensive behavior.However,whether the neuronal subtypes in the ZI and specific circuits can mediate the innate fear response is largely unknown.Here,we found that somatostatin(SST)-positive neurons in the rostral ZI of mice were activated by a visual innate fear stimulus.Optogenetic inhibition of SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI resulted in reduced flight responses to an overhead looming stimulus.Optogenetic activation of SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI induced fear-like defensive behavior including increased immobility and bradycardia.In addition,we demonstrated that manipulation of the GABAergic projections from SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI to the downstream nucleus reuniens(Re)mediated fear-like defensive behavior.Retrograde trans-synaptic tracing also revealed looming stimulus-activated neurons in the superior colliculus(SC)that projected to the Re-projecting SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI(SC-ZIrSST-Re pathway).Together,our study elucidates the function of SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI and the SC-ZIrSST-Re tri-synaptic circuit in mediating the innate fear response.
基金supported by a general project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871052).
文摘Evading or escaping from predators is one of the most crucial issues for survival across the animal kingdom.The timely detection of predators and the initiation of appropriate fight-or-flight responses are innate capabilities of the nervous system.Here we review recent progress in our understanding of innate visually-triggered defensive behaviors and the underlying neural circuit mechanisms,and a comparison among vinegar flies,zebrafish,and mice is included.This overview covers the anatomical and functional aspects of the neural circuits involved in this process,including visual threat processing and identification,the selection of appropriate behavioral responses,and the initiation of these innate defensive behaviors.The emphasis of this review is on the early stages of this pathway,namely,threat identification from complex visual inputs and how behavioral choices are influenced by differences in visual threats.We also briefly cover how the innate defensive response is processed centrally.Based on these summaries,we discuss coding strategies for visual threats and propose a common prototypical pathway for rapid innate defensive responses.
基金This work was supported by a Shenzhen Governmental Grant(JCYJ20180302145710934)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31700907 and 31700908)+6 种基金the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2018B030331001)the International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(172644KYS820170004)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Science(XDB32030100)Guangdong Special Support Program([2018]9)Ten Thousand Talent ProgramKey Laboratory of SIAT(2019DP173024)the Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Key requirements of successful animal behavior research in the laboratory are robustness,objectivity,and high throughput,which apply to both the recording and analysis of behavior.Many automatic methods of monitoring animal behavior meet these requirements.However,they usually depend on high-performing hardware and sophisticated software,which may be expensive.Here,we describe an automatic infrared behavior-monitor(AIBM)system based on an infrared touchscreen frame.Using this,animal positions can be recorded and used for further behavioral analysis by any PC supporting touch events.This system detects animal behavior in real time and gives closed-loop feedback using relatively low computing resources and simple algorithms.The AIBM system automatically records and analyzes multiple types of animal behavior in a highly efficient,unbiased,and low-cost manner.
文摘On the basis of the analysis of typical orthogonal crankrocking lever spatial mechanism for the weft insertion in rapier looms, the rules of the outputting lever motion and the mechanism pressure-angle variety are studied when the maximum swing angle of rocking lever and the length of outputting lever have different values, and the optimum parameters suitable for motion transmission can be chosen. At the same time some existing shortpoints of the mechanism are also pointed out.
文摘The airflow in the reed groove of the air jet loom for the weft insertion includes the jet stream from the relay nozzle, the back leak stream from the reed, and the diffusion stream from the open side. The air velocity in the reed groove can be measured to analyze the influence of process parameters during the weft insertion. The relation between the air velocity and the relay nozzle distance, the jet angle or the supply pressure of the relay nozzle can be studied. In this paper, the pitot tube is applied to measure the air velocity in reed groove by the instrument designed. And the results indicate that the air velocity fluctuation in the reed groove is strong, and can drop from 150 m·s-1 to 80 m·s-1 drastically.
文摘A new type of rapier drive for flexible rapier loom through conjugate cams with five-bar linkage mechanism is raised and analyzed. Two designs suitable for the conversion of 1515-190.5 shuttle looms are given as examples. This mechanism can be applied to traditional shuttle looms as well as to new flexible rapier loom design.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50875243)
文摘For the purpose of obtaining satisfactory performance of the non-circular gear & crank-rocker & gear trains (NCCRG) weft insertion mechanism which was proposed in this paper, the ideal kinematic curve of this weft insertion mechanism was given, and the reverse solution models of this mechanism were established. A reverse design and simulation software was compiled based on Visual Basic 6.0 to obtain the mechanism parameters, including the pitch curves and tooth profiles of the non-circular gears. A test-bed of this mechanism was developed according to these parameters. The kinematic performance of this weft insertion mechanism was tested by high-speed video tape recorder with its corresponding video analytical software Blaster's MAS. And the test results were identical with the theoretical calculation. Compared with the conjugate cam weft insertion mechanism which is applied on TT96 rapier loom, under the condition of same weft insertion rate, the variation of acceleration of this mechanism is smaller. This novel weft insertion mechanism can meet the requirements of weft insertion on rapier looms with smooth and steady motion.
文摘A modified trapezoid acceleration pattern with a constant speed part is introduced for loomrapier motion driven by cam.The pattern can meet the time requirement of rapier on entering andleaving the shed,and can satisfy the condition when the period duration of inserting is not equal tothat of withdrawing.Meanwhile,the pattern can also reduce the maximum acceleration of rapierand make the derivatives of rapier acceleration change continuously without any abruptness ofjerks.
文摘The axle-treadle mechanism of Han loom consists of a set of components, including two pedals controlling one shaft via a central axle. Based on the new archaeological finds, especially the pottery loom model, the collection of Krishna Riboud, and the historical document, a kind of axle treadle loom with oblique warp frame was reconstructed by author. It might be applied in the central China at that time, especially in Shandong and Jiangsu areas, and it was not later than the Warring State period for the oblique axle treadle loom to come into being and reach a peak in the Han Dynasty. After that time, it was used with the vertical frame but lost the importance gradually.
文摘In this paper,the effects of loom speed fluctuation on the mean speed and on the power ofdriving motor were investigated and the expressions for these effects were derived.Based on theenergy relationships,a new index of equivalent fluctuation was introduced,the connection be-tween this equivalent fluctuation and the energy of speed function on frequency domain was thenfound.In addition to the above theme,the residual kinetic energy of the shuttle and pickingmechanism,taken as a considerable part in the potentiality of loom energy-saving was also ana-lysed.According to the results of theoretical analyses,the ways of energy-saving in looms weresuggested.Finally,taking the loom of 1511 type as a practical example,the potentiality ofenergy-saving was calculated.
文摘For Toyoda looms with air-jet weft insertion,the beat-ing-up mechanisms together with those of Tsudakomawater-jet looms are analyzed.Then by changing thecrank length of the four-bar-linkage for the air-jetlooms to get four specifications of reed travel correspond-ing to the series of Tsudakoma water-jet looms,it canbe proved by comparisons of displacements,velocities,accelerations and transmission pressure angles that thosetwo series of mechanisms have very similar kinematicproperties.So the possibility of developing a series of wa-ter-jet looms modified from Toyoda air-jet looms isproved.It is beneficial to save the machine cost andbroaden the machine types.
