Purpose: To study the long-term efficacy of intravitreal ranibizumab injection combined with in-travenous compound salvia injection drip in the treatment of patients with macular edema sec-ondary to branch retinal vei...Purpose: To study the long-term efficacy of intravitreal ranibizumab injection combined with in-travenous compound salvia injection drip in the treatment of patients with macular edema sec-ondary to branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO). Methods: Sixty-five patients of branch retinal vein occlusion with macular edema were analyzed retrospectively. Thirty-seven patients in the treat-ment group were treated with ranibizumab injection combined with intravenous compound salvia injection drip, twenty-eight patients in the control group were treated with ranibizumab injection only. All patients were recorded and analyzed changes of clinical efficacy after 3 months, 6 months after a course of treatment of 6 months. Results: During 3 months after 6 months’ treatment, there were 5 patients having recurrence in the treatment group, while there were 9 in control group, the rate of recurrence between the two groups had significant difference (P < 0.05);during 3 - 6 months after a course of treatment, there were 2 patients having recurrence in the treatment group, while there were 4 in control group, the rate of recurrence between the two groups had significant difference (P < 0.05);however, the treatment group’s BCVA was better than control group, and the difference between the two groups had significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Ranibizumab injection combined with intravenous compound salvia injection drip could effectively reduce the impossibility of recurrence, improve the visual activity and bring better therapeutic efficacy in patients with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion. The treatment showed great potential in the clinical use.展开更多
Establishing satisfactory calculation methods of lake evaporation has been crucial for research and manage-ment of water resources and ecosystems. A 30 year dataset from Dickie Lake, south-central Ontario, Canada adde...Establishing satisfactory calculation methods of lake evaporation has been crucial for research and manage-ment of water resources and ecosystems. A 30 year dataset from Dickie Lake, south-central Ontario, Canada added to the limited long-term studies on lake evaporation. Evaporation during ice-free season was calcu-lated separately using seven evaporation methods, based on field meteorology, hydrology and lake water temperature data. Actual evaporation determined during a portion of a year was estimated using a lake en-ergy budget model, and the estimation was used as reference evaporation for evaluation of the seven methods. The deviation of method-induced evaporation from the reference evaporation was compared among the seven methods, and a performance rank was proposed based on the root mean squared deviation and coeffi-cient of efficiency. As for the whole ice-free season (roughly May to November), the water balance was the best method, followed by Makkink, DeBruin-Kejiman, Penman, Priestley-Taylor, Hamon, and Jensen-Haise methods. As for shorter duration (a week to a month), the DeBruin-Kejiman was the best method, followed by Penman, Priestley-Taylor, Makkink, Hamon, Jensen-Haise, and water balance method. Annual and sea-sonal changes of energy budget terms and the compensation function of lake heat storage in evaporation flux were also analyzed.展开更多
BACKGROUND The goal of therapy for traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula(TCCF)is the elimination of fistula while maintaining patency of the parent artery.The treatment for TCCF has evolved from surgery to endovascular ...BACKGROUND The goal of therapy for traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula(TCCF)is the elimination of fistula while maintaining patency of the parent artery.The treatment for TCCF has evolved from surgery to endovascular management using detachable balloons,coils,liquid embolic agents,covered stents,or flow-diverter stent through arterial or venous approaches.Despite the withdrawal of detachable balloons from the market in the United States since 2004,transarterial embolization with detachable balloons has currently remained the best initial treatment for TCCF in several countries.However,the pseudoaneurysm formation following transarterial detachable balloon embolization has rarely been observed in long-term follow-up.AIM To determine the occurrence and long-term follow-up of pseudoaneurysm after transarterial detachable balloon for TCCF.METHODS Between January 2009 and December 2019,79 patients diagnosed with TCCF were treated using detachable latex balloons(GOLDBAL)of four sizes.Pseudoaneurysm sizes were stratified into five grades for analysis.Initial and follow-up assessments involved computed tomography angiography at 1 month,6 month,1 year,and longer intervals for significant cases.Clinical follow-ups occurred semi-annually for 2 years,then annually.Factors analyzed included sex,age,fistula size and location,and balloon size.RESULTS In our cohort of 79 patients treated for TCCF,pseudoaneurysms formed in 67.1%,with classifications ranging from grade 0 to grade 3;no grade 4 or giant pseudoaneurysms were observed.The majority of pseudoaneurysms did not progress in size,and some regressed spontaneously.Calcifications developed in most large pseudoaneurysms over 5-10 years.Parent artery occlusion occurred in 7.6%and recurrent fistulas in 16.5%.The primary risk factors for pseudoaneurysm formation were identified as the use of specific balloon sizes,with balloon SP and No.6 significantly associated with its occurrence(P=0.005 and P=0.002,respectively),whereas sex,age,fistula size,location,and the number of balloons used were not significant predictors.CONCLUSION Pseudoaneurysm formation following detachable balloon embolization for TCCF is common,primarily influenced by the size of the balloon used.Despite this,all patients with pseudoaneurysms remained asymptomatic during long-term follow-up.展开更多
Objectives:With the rapid aging of populations worldwide,the long-term care(LTC)industry has become a critical arena for both social welfare and entrepreneurial development,particularly among women who play a leading ...Objectives:With the rapid aging of populations worldwide,the long-term care(LTC)industry has become a critical arena for both social welfare and entrepreneurial development,particularly among women who play a leading role in caregiving enterprises.However,female LTC entrepreneurs often face emotional strain and limited social resources that affect their professional well-being.This study investigates the effects of psychological resilience and social capital on the well-being of female entrepreneurs in the long-term care(LTC)industry and examines the mediating role of entrepreneurial competence.Methods:A mixed-methods design was employed.Quantitative data were collected from 73 female LTC entrepreneurs in Taiwan through structured questionnaires,and correlation,regression,and mediation analyses were conducted.Complementary qualitative interviews with eight entrepreneurs provided deeper insights into how resilience and social resources are mobilized in entrepreneurial practice.Results:Psychological resilience and social capital were positively associated with well-being(β=0.41,p<0.001;β=0.36,p=0.002),jointly explaining 47%of its variance.Entrepreneurial competence partially mediated the resilience–well-being relationship(indirect effect=0.18,95%CI[0.07,0.32]).These effects were statistically and practically meaningful.Conclusion:Psychological resilience and social capital jointly enhance the well-being of female LTC entrepreneurs,with entrepreneurial competence serving as a partial mediator.The results suggest that fostering both inner strength and social connectedness can promote sustainable well-being and professional growth in the long-term care sector.展开更多
BACKGROUNDThe impact of long-term dialysis (LTD) therapy on the survival benefit of kidneytransplantation compared to short-term dialysis (STD) remains unclear. Additionally,donor organ quality has been identified as ...BACKGROUNDThe impact of long-term dialysis (LTD) therapy on the survival benefit of kidneytransplantation compared to short-term dialysis (STD) remains unclear. Additionally,donor organ quality has been identified as a significant predictor ofpatient survival in deceased donor kidney transplantation.AIMTo investigate the effects of the best graft function within three months posttransplant,as well as dialysis duration, on transplant outcomes.METHODSA total of 255 patients were included in this retrospective cohort study. Patientswere divided into two groups: Those with LTD (≥ 15 years;Group LTD) and thosewith STD (< 15 years;Group STD). Clinical backgrounds and outcomes werecompared between the groups.RESULTSGroup LTD comprised 28 patients, while Group STD included 227 patients. Therewere no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age at transplant,donor age, lowest serum creatinine (best S-Cr) within three months posttransplant,or the frequency of cardiovascular events after transplantation. Multivariateanalysis identified age [hazard ratio (HR): 1.058;95%CI: 1.002-1.116;P =0.040], post-transplant incidence of cardiovascular disease (HR: 20.264;95%CI:6.052-67.850;P < 0.001), and best S-Cr (HR: 4.155;95%CI: 2.234-7.730;P < 0.001) asindependent predictors of mortality after transplantation. The pre-operative dialysisperiod was not statistically significant.CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that early graft dysfunction, rather than dialysis duration, may serve as a critical risk factorfor poor transplant outcomes.展开更多
Objective:Robotic gastrectomy(RG)is increasingly used in the treatment of gastric cancer.However,studies on patients with clinical serosa-invasive(cT4a)gastric cancer remain scarce.This study aimed to compare the shor...Objective:Robotic gastrectomy(RG)is increasingly used in the treatment of gastric cancer.However,studies on patients with clinical serosa-invasive(cT4a)gastric cancer remain scarce.This study aimed to compare the shortand long-term outcomes of RG and laparoscopic gastrectomy(LG)in the treatment of stage cT4a gastric cancer.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients with stage cT4a gastric cancer diagnosed and treated at eight high-volume tertiary teaching hospitals in China from 2016 to 2019.Propensity score matching(PSM)analysis and inverse probability of treatment weighting(IPTW)analysis was used to adjust for the imbalance in baseline characteristics.The primary research endpoint was the 3-year overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS).The secondary research endpoint was intraoperative outcomes and postoperative complications.Results:After IPTW and PSM adjustments,baseline characteristics between the RG and LG groups were comparable[standardized mean difference(SMD)<0.10].Post-PSM analysis revealed that the RG group exhibited longer operative time(P<0.001),lower postoperative complication rates(P<0.001),shorter postoperative hospital stays(P=0.037),and earlier initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy(P=0.041)compared with the LG group.Survival analysis demonstrated comparable 3-year OS(P=0.110)and DFS(P=0.088)in the PSM cohort,whereas the IPTW cohort showed superior OS(P=0.030)and DFS(P=0.046)for RG.No significant differences were observed in overall recurrence rates or recurrence sites between groups.Conclusions:For patients with stage cT4a gastric cancer,compared with the LG group,the RG group had shorter postoperative hospital stay,lower incidence of postoperative complications,earlier postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy,and no worse long-term efficacy.展开更多
Dear Editor,Psoriasis,a chronic inflammatory cutaneous condition,is characterized by the development of red plaques with silvery scales,significantly affecting patients'quality of life and mental health[1].This co...Dear Editor,Psoriasis,a chronic inflammatory cutaneous condition,is characterized by the development of red plaques with silvery scales,significantly affecting patients'quality of life and mental health[1].This condition is thought to affect approximately 2%of the Western population,with diagnosis peaking in early adulthood[2].Vitamin D,a fat-soluble vitamin,is essential for phospho-calcium metabolism,calcium homeostasis,and bone health.展开更多
Objective: Regular cancer screening must be monitored to improve gastric cancer(GC) survival rates and maximize participation. This study examined adherence to regular GC screening over a 10-year period and identified...Objective: Regular cancer screening must be monitored to improve gastric cancer(GC) survival rates and maximize participation. This study examined adherence to regular GC screening over a 10-year period and identified the factors influencing adherence.Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Korean National Cancer Screening Program(KNCSP) between 2011 and 2020. The total cohort comprised 400,113 adults aged 40 years who were newly eligible for and participated in GC screening in 2011. The participants were followed up for 10 years to assess their adherence to biennial screening recommendations. They were categorized into two groups: the nonregular screening(non-RS) group, which included individuals who did not participate in subsequent screenings, and the regular screening(RS) group, which included those who participated in at least one follow-up screening.Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with adherence to regular GC screening.Results: Over 10 years, 59% of the participants completed at least four of the five recommended screenings,while 10% did not participate after their initial screening. Male participants had higher odds of non-adherence than females [adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=1.429, 95% confidence interval(95% CI): 1.394-1.464;P<0.001]. Nonadherence was more prevalent among self-employed individuals(aOR=1.208, P<0.001). Among males, those in the lowest income group were 1.267 times more likely to not undergo regular screening than those in the highest income group.Conclusions: Long-term adherence to regular GC screening in South Korea remains suboptimal.Socioeconomic disparities persist, highlighting the need for tailored interventions to improve adherence and enhance public health.展开更多
BACKGROUND The persistent burden of cardiovascular(CV)disease in the United States requires innovative and cost-effective prognostic markers that can be relied upon.AIM To provide insights into how adiponectin can pre...BACKGROUND The persistent burden of cardiovascular(CV)disease in the United States requires innovative and cost-effective prognostic markers that can be relied upon.AIM To provide insights into how adiponectin can predict all-cause mortality and major adverse CV events(MACE)in patients with coronary artery disease(CAD)and to determine the prognostic value of adiponectin in predicting all-cause mortality and MACE in patients with stable CAD.METHODS We conducted a systematic search on PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar to find relevant studies published through June 2023 evaluating the long-term prognostic role of adiponectin in patients with stable CAD.Using a random effects model with 95%CI,we estimated the odds ratio(OR)while assessing heterogeneity through I^(2)statistics.To ensure robustness,we performed a sensitivity analysis using the leave-one-out approach.RESULTS After screening,we included five prospective studies involving 3225 patients who were followed up for a median duration of 3.8 years.Within the study population,prevalent risk factors included hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,and smoking.The commonly prescribed medications were angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,beta blockers,and statins.The combined adjusted OR for all-cause mortality was found to be 2.51(95%CI:1.36–4.62),showing heterogeneity(I^(2)=65.51%,P=0.03).On the other hand,the combined adjusted OR for MACE was determined to be 1.04(95%CI:1.02–1.06)with no significant heterogeneity observed(I^(2)=0%,P=0.68).Through a sensitivity analysis,it was discovered that none of the studies significantly impacted the overall results of the meta-analysis,thus indicating their robustness.CONCLUSION Higher levels of adiponectin were found to be associated with an increased risk of long-term mortality and MACE in patients with CAD,which highlights its potential as a cost-effective marker for risk assessment and guiding treatment strategies.Further research on the role of adiponectin could greatly influence decision-making and resource allocation in CV care.展开更多
Objective Observational studies have found associations between inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and the risk of dementia,including Alzheimer’s dementia(AD)and vascular dementia(VD);however,these findings are inconsist...Objective Observational studies have found associations between inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and the risk of dementia,including Alzheimer’s dementia(AD)and vascular dementia(VD);however,these findings are inconsistent.It remains unclear whether these associations are causal.Methods We conducted a meta-analysis by systematically searching for observational studies on the association between IBD and dementia.Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis based on summary genome-wide association studies(GWASs)was performed.Genetic correlation and Bayesian colocalization analyses were used to provide robust genetic evidence.Results Ten observational studies involving 80,565,688 participants were included in this metaanalysis.IBD was significantly associated with dementia(risk ratio[RR]=1.36,95%CI=1.04-1.78;I2=84.8%)and VD(RR=2.60,95%CI=1.18-5.70;only one study),but not with AD(RR=2.00,95%CI=0.96-4.13;I^(2)=99.8%).MR analyses did not supported significant causal associations of IBD with dementia(dementia:odds ratio[OR]=1.01,95%CI=0.98-1.03;AD:OR=0.98,95%CI=0.95-1.01;VD:OR=1.02,95%CI=0.97-1.07).In addition,genetic correlation and co-localization analyses did not reveal any genetic associations between IBD and dementia.Conclusion Our study did not provide genetic evidence for a causal association between IBD and dementia risk.The increased risk of dementia observed in observational studies may be attributed to unobserved confounding factors or detection bias.展开更多
This paper proposes an interdisciplinary talent training model that combines foreign language education with area studies.The model aims to cultivate international ocean affairs professionals with cross-cultural commu...This paper proposes an interdisciplinary talent training model that combines foreign language education with area studies.The model aims to cultivate international ocean affairs professionals with cross-cultural communication skills,in-depth regional and country knowledge,and practical expertise in ocean affairs.Additionally,the paper presents specific training pathways and policy recommendations for implementing this model.展开更多
In modern society,the globalization of literary works is evident,with exceptional literary pieces from various countries spreading worldwide.Among these,children’s literature,due to the specificity of its target audi...In modern society,the globalization of literary works is evident,with exceptional literary pieces from various countries spreading worldwide.Among these,children’s literature,due to the specificity of its target audience,imposes distinct requirements on children’s books,compelling translators to approach the text from a child’s perspective.“The Little Prince”has renowned both within and outside of China,and a careful reading of this work can provide us with much inspiration.To this end,the present study adopts the perspective of Gideon Toury’s Descriptive Translation Studies to conduct an in-depth analysis of the different English and Chinese translations in conjunction with the original French novel.This approach aims to better guide literary research and explores translation methods for children’s literature through the analysis of translation norms and rules.展开更多
Objective:The incidence and mortality of colorectal carcinoma(CRC)continue to rise globally,highlighting the need to identify modifiable risk factors for early detection and prevention.Previous studies have demonstrat...Objective:The incidence and mortality of colorectal carcinoma(CRC)continue to rise globally,highlighting the need to identify modifiable risk factors for early detection and prevention.Previous studies have demonstrated significant associations between CRC risk and various serum metabolites as well as inflammatory cytokines;however,due to limitations in study design and potential confounding factors,the causal relationships remain unclear.This study aims to investigate the causal relationships between inflammatory cytokines,serum metabolites,and CRC risk,providing a theoretical basis for the development of novel early diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Methods:A two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)design was applied using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies(GWAS).Instrumental variables(IVs)were derived from:1)metabolomics GWAS data of 1400 serum metabolites(n=8299);2)cytokine GWAS data of 91 inflammatory factors(n=14824);and 3)CRC risk data from the FinnGen consortium(6847 cases and 314193 controls).The primary analysis was conducted using the inverse-variance weighted(IVW)method,with sensitivity analyses performed using MR Egger regression and the weighted median method.Effect estimates including odds ratios(OR),95%confidence intervals(CI),and false discovery rates(FDR)were calculated.Results:MR analysis indicated that higher levels of axin-1(AXIN1)(OR=0.84195%CI 0.714 to 0.991)and Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand(Flt3L)(OR=0.916,95%CI 0.844 to 0.994)were associated with a reduced risk of CRC.In contrast,higher levels of Delta/Notchlike epidermal growth factor-related receptor(DNER)(OR=1.119,95%CI 1.009 to 1.241)and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGF-A)(OR=1.078,95%CI 1.011 to 1.150)were associated with an increased risk of CRC(all P<0.05).Metabolomics association analysis further identified 144 serum metabolites significantly correlated with these four key inflammatory cytokines(FDR<0.05),suggesting that they may regulate CRC risk through inflammatory pathways.Conclusion:Specific inflammatory cytokines and serum metabolites have causal relationships with the risk of CRC.These findings provide insights for further exploration of potential risk factors and the development of effective prevention strategies for CRC.展开更多
Investigations into the long-term creep behavior of Beishan granite in uniaxial compression were conducted.Four levels of axial stress(60,70,87,and 95 MPa)were applied to rock specimens.Contrasting with earlier resear...Investigations into the long-term creep behavior of Beishan granite in uniaxial compression were conducted.Four levels of axial stress(60,70,87,and 95 MPa)were applied to rock specimens.Contrasting with earlier research,the long-term creep data in this work present a substantial advancement in the time dimension.Except for the sample subjected to 60 MPa axial loading,which did not fail after a loading duration of 1650 d,the specimens under the other three stresses all failed after sustained constant loading durations of 1204,1023,and 839 d,respectively.A lower envelope of driving stress-ratio for crystalline rocks was obtained,tending towards approximately 0.45 over an infinite time scale.According to the experimental results,as axial stress increases,both the axial strain accumulated in the transient creep process and the strain rate associated with steady-state creep deformation increase exponentially;however,the share of steady-state creep strain remains nearly constant at about82.53%.A novel damage-based creep model was put forward.It provides an enhanced depiction of the comprehensive creep process in rocks,notably improving the accuracy in forecasting the accelerated creep phase,which significantly impacts the long-term stability of engineering structures.展开更多
In molybdenum chemistry,the oxidative addition of o-quinone or 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds to molybdenum has been widely used in Mo-catalyzed C—C bond construction.The carbonyl oxidative addition to Mo(0)or Mo(Ⅱ)is the...In molybdenum chemistry,the oxidative addition of o-quinone or 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds to molybdenum has been widely used in Mo-catalyzed C—C bond construction.The carbonyl oxidative addition to Mo(0)or Mo(Ⅱ)is the critical elementary reaction of molybdenum catalysis.However,the relevant density functional theory(DFT)studies are relatively scarce,especially regarding the rational selection of functionals.In this work,14 functionals were employed to investigate the Mo-catalyzed carbonyl oxidative addition step.A benchmark study was carried out to evaluate their performance in structure optimization and energy calculation.Analyses of mean absolute error(MAE)and mean squared error(MSE)indicated that the B3LYP-D3(BJ),TPSSh,and ωB97X-D functionals exhibited superior performance in structure optimization.Using the DLPNO-CCSD(T)functional as the reference,the M06,M06-L,and MN15-L functionals exhibited good performance for energy calculation based on the structures optimized using the B3LYP-D3(BJ)functional.In particular,MN15-L provided the best performance with the smallest MAE and MSE.展开更多
Background It remains unclear whether sleep duration and physical activity(PA)trajectories in middle-aged and older adults are associated with different risks of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs).This study aimed to explo...Background It remains unclear whether sleep duration and physical activity(PA)trajectories in middle-aged and older adults are associated with different risks of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs).This study aimed to explore the trajectories of total sleep duration and PA among middle-aged and older Chinese adults and their impact on CVD risk.Methods This study was based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.12009 adults aged 45 years and older from five waves were included.CVD events were measured by self-reports of heart disease and stroke.We first used groupbased trajectory modeling to identify total sleep duration and PA trajectories from 2011 to 2020,and then employed logistic regression models to analyze their risk for CVD.Results We identified three sleep duration and PA trajectories.The risk of heart disease increased by 33%(OR=1.31,95%CI:1.12-1.53)for the short sleep duration trajectory(vs.moderate sleep duration trajectory),by 40%(OR=1.40,95%CI:1.06-1.84)for the high decreasing PA trajectory,and by 20%(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.01-1.42)for the low stable PA trajectory(vs.high stable PA trajectory),respectively.Similar results for stroke and CVD as the outcomes were also observed,but the higher risk of stroke in the high decreasing PA trajectory group was not statistically significant.The joint effects of sleep and PA showed lower risks of heart disease and stroke in trajectories with moderate or long sleep duration and high stable PA compared with short sleep duration and a low stable PA trajectory.Conclusions Short total sleep duration,high decreasing PA,and low stable PA trajectories could increase the risk of CVDs among middle-aged and older adults.Long-term moderate to long total sleep durations and high stable PA trajectories might be optimal for preventing CVDs.展开更多
While oceanic and coastal acidification has gained increased attention,long-term pH trends and their drivers in large freshwater systems remain poorly understood.The Laurentian Great Lakes are the world’s largest fre...While oceanic and coastal acidification has gained increased attention,long-term pH trends and their drivers in large freshwater systems remain poorly understood.The Laurentian Great Lakes are the world’s largest freshwater system,and in many ways resemble marine ecosystems.However,unlike the open ocean and coastal waters where pH has declined due to rising atmospheric CO_(2),no significant pH trends have been observed in the Laurentian Great Lakes,despite significant ecosystem changes driven partly by the invasion of dreissenid mussels.This study examined 41 years of field observations from Lake Michigan to investigate the long-term carbonate chemistry dynamics.Observational results revealed substantial declines in both total alkalinity(TA)and dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC)over the four decades.Mussel shell calcification emerged as the primary mechanism behind these declines,accounting for 97%and 47%of the observed changes in TA and DIC,respectively,lowering water column pH by 0.24 units.Elevated carbon accumulation in soft mussel tissues,coupled with long-term changes in the air-water pCO_(2)gradient during summer,significantly contributed to long-term DIC variations,explaining 18%and 28%of the lake-wide DIC loss.These two mechanisms also resulted in an overall pH increase of 0.09 and 0.12 units,largely offsetting the calcification-driven pH decrease.These findings bridge a gap in acidification research for large freshwater systems and provide valuable insights for comprehensive lake-wide management strategies.展开更多
Objective:To identify the root causes of typical adverse drug events through the lens of patient experiences proposing novel strategies to mitigate preventable harm.Methods:A qualitative case study leveraging in-depth...Objective:To identify the root causes of typical adverse drug events through the lens of patient experiences proposing novel strategies to mitigate preventable harm.Methods:A qualitative case study leveraging in-depth interviews with patients and families,anchored by Interactive Patient Par ticipation Theory,to analyze 4 high-severity adverse drug events(ADE)cases.Cases were purposively sampled from 8 communities in China's National Adverse Event Monitor Center(2018-2023).Semi-structured interviews explored patient perspectives,with data analyzed via thematic coding and triangulation against clinical records.Results:Five interconnected themes emerged:(1)erosion of trust,(2)communication breakdowns,(3)information asymmetry,(4)environmental inadequacies,and(5)technological alienation.Notably,75% of participants had≤high school education,and 50% used≥7 medications daily,compounding ADE risks.Conclusions:We considered elements mentioned by theory,exploring trust,communication,information,and suppor t as the root causes.In addition,we added“adaptability to new technology”as an impor tant and necessary component.It is impor tant and necessary to analyze typical adverse drug events from the perspectives of patients.展开更多
China ranked first worldwide in the production and export of electric bicycles.As an emerging market for electric bicycles,Malaysia holds significant potential for trade collabor ation with China in this sector.This s...China ranked first worldwide in the production and export of electric bicycles.As an emerging market for electric bicycles,Malaysia holds significant potential for trade collabor ation with China in this sector.This study presents a compar ative analysis of the national electric bicycle standards in China and Malaysia,offering technical insights from a standardization perspective.These insights aim to support Chinese enterprises in strategically positioning their technologies in the Malaysian market.The findings reveal significant differences in technical parameters,safety requirements,and testing methods,highlighting the need for tailored product adapt ation.展开更多
This paper investigates the teaching reform of the Program Comprehension and Analysis course in the context of industry-education integration and AI empowerment.To align with the evolving needs of the software industr...This paper investigates the teaching reform of the Program Comprehension and Analysis course in the context of industry-education integration and AI empowerment.To align with the evolving needs of the software industry,the course content has been updated to incorporate AI techniques such as large language models and deep learning.The reform enriches educational resources and introduces innovative instructional approaches.In addition,high-quality practical teaching cases have been developed,and immersive,hands-on learning experiences have been designed based on industrial platforms and real-world applications.These initiatives aim to enhance the practical skills and innovative thinking of professional degree graduate students,fostering high-caliber talent that aligns with industry demands.A survey of 90 graduate students revealed high levels of satisfaction regarding course content,teaching methodology,and skill development.The reform has proven effective in cultivating interdisciplinary professionals with solid foundations in software engineering and AI-driven innovation.展开更多
文摘Purpose: To study the long-term efficacy of intravitreal ranibizumab injection combined with in-travenous compound salvia injection drip in the treatment of patients with macular edema sec-ondary to branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO). Methods: Sixty-five patients of branch retinal vein occlusion with macular edema were analyzed retrospectively. Thirty-seven patients in the treat-ment group were treated with ranibizumab injection combined with intravenous compound salvia injection drip, twenty-eight patients in the control group were treated with ranibizumab injection only. All patients were recorded and analyzed changes of clinical efficacy after 3 months, 6 months after a course of treatment of 6 months. Results: During 3 months after 6 months’ treatment, there were 5 patients having recurrence in the treatment group, while there were 9 in control group, the rate of recurrence between the two groups had significant difference (P < 0.05);during 3 - 6 months after a course of treatment, there were 2 patients having recurrence in the treatment group, while there were 4 in control group, the rate of recurrence between the two groups had significant difference (P < 0.05);however, the treatment group’s BCVA was better than control group, and the difference between the two groups had significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Ranibizumab injection combined with intravenous compound salvia injection drip could effectively reduce the impossibility of recurrence, improve the visual activity and bring better therapeutic efficacy in patients with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion. The treatment showed great potential in the clinical use.
文摘Establishing satisfactory calculation methods of lake evaporation has been crucial for research and manage-ment of water resources and ecosystems. A 30 year dataset from Dickie Lake, south-central Ontario, Canada added to the limited long-term studies on lake evaporation. Evaporation during ice-free season was calcu-lated separately using seven evaporation methods, based on field meteorology, hydrology and lake water temperature data. Actual evaporation determined during a portion of a year was estimated using a lake en-ergy budget model, and the estimation was used as reference evaporation for evaluation of the seven methods. The deviation of method-induced evaporation from the reference evaporation was compared among the seven methods, and a performance rank was proposed based on the root mean squared deviation and coeffi-cient of efficiency. As for the whole ice-free season (roughly May to November), the water balance was the best method, followed by Makkink, DeBruin-Kejiman, Penman, Priestley-Taylor, Hamon, and Jensen-Haise methods. As for shorter duration (a week to a month), the DeBruin-Kejiman was the best method, followed by Penman, Priestley-Taylor, Makkink, Hamon, Jensen-Haise, and water balance method. Annual and sea-sonal changes of energy budget terms and the compensation function of lake heat storage in evaporation flux were also analyzed.
文摘BACKGROUND The goal of therapy for traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula(TCCF)is the elimination of fistula while maintaining patency of the parent artery.The treatment for TCCF has evolved from surgery to endovascular management using detachable balloons,coils,liquid embolic agents,covered stents,or flow-diverter stent through arterial or venous approaches.Despite the withdrawal of detachable balloons from the market in the United States since 2004,transarterial embolization with detachable balloons has currently remained the best initial treatment for TCCF in several countries.However,the pseudoaneurysm formation following transarterial detachable balloon embolization has rarely been observed in long-term follow-up.AIM To determine the occurrence and long-term follow-up of pseudoaneurysm after transarterial detachable balloon for TCCF.METHODS Between January 2009 and December 2019,79 patients diagnosed with TCCF were treated using detachable latex balloons(GOLDBAL)of four sizes.Pseudoaneurysm sizes were stratified into five grades for analysis.Initial and follow-up assessments involved computed tomography angiography at 1 month,6 month,1 year,and longer intervals for significant cases.Clinical follow-ups occurred semi-annually for 2 years,then annually.Factors analyzed included sex,age,fistula size and location,and balloon size.RESULTS In our cohort of 79 patients treated for TCCF,pseudoaneurysms formed in 67.1%,with classifications ranging from grade 0 to grade 3;no grade 4 or giant pseudoaneurysms were observed.The majority of pseudoaneurysms did not progress in size,and some regressed spontaneously.Calcifications developed in most large pseudoaneurysms over 5-10 years.Parent artery occlusion occurred in 7.6%and recurrent fistulas in 16.5%.The primary risk factors for pseudoaneurysm formation were identified as the use of specific balloon sizes,with balloon SP and No.6 significantly associated with its occurrence(P=0.005 and P=0.002,respectively),whereas sex,age,fistula size,location,and the number of balloons used were not significant predictors.CONCLUSION Pseudoaneurysm formation following detachable balloon embolization for TCCF is common,primarily influenced by the size of the balloon used.Despite this,all patients with pseudoaneurysms remained asymptomatic during long-term follow-up.
文摘Objectives:With the rapid aging of populations worldwide,the long-term care(LTC)industry has become a critical arena for both social welfare and entrepreneurial development,particularly among women who play a leading role in caregiving enterprises.However,female LTC entrepreneurs often face emotional strain and limited social resources that affect their professional well-being.This study investigates the effects of psychological resilience and social capital on the well-being of female entrepreneurs in the long-term care(LTC)industry and examines the mediating role of entrepreneurial competence.Methods:A mixed-methods design was employed.Quantitative data were collected from 73 female LTC entrepreneurs in Taiwan through structured questionnaires,and correlation,regression,and mediation analyses were conducted.Complementary qualitative interviews with eight entrepreneurs provided deeper insights into how resilience and social resources are mobilized in entrepreneurial practice.Results:Psychological resilience and social capital were positively associated with well-being(β=0.41,p<0.001;β=0.36,p=0.002),jointly explaining 47%of its variance.Entrepreneurial competence partially mediated the resilience–well-being relationship(indirect effect=0.18,95%CI[0.07,0.32]).These effects were statistically and practically meaningful.Conclusion:Psychological resilience and social capital jointly enhance the well-being of female LTC entrepreneurs,with entrepreneurial competence serving as a partial mediator.The results suggest that fostering both inner strength and social connectedness can promote sustainable well-being and professional growth in the long-term care sector.
文摘BACKGROUNDThe impact of long-term dialysis (LTD) therapy on the survival benefit of kidneytransplantation compared to short-term dialysis (STD) remains unclear. Additionally,donor organ quality has been identified as a significant predictor ofpatient survival in deceased donor kidney transplantation.AIMTo investigate the effects of the best graft function within three months posttransplant,as well as dialysis duration, on transplant outcomes.METHODSA total of 255 patients were included in this retrospective cohort study. Patientswere divided into two groups: Those with LTD (≥ 15 years;Group LTD) and thosewith STD (< 15 years;Group STD). Clinical backgrounds and outcomes werecompared between the groups.RESULTSGroup LTD comprised 28 patients, while Group STD included 227 patients. Therewere no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age at transplant,donor age, lowest serum creatinine (best S-Cr) within three months posttransplant,or the frequency of cardiovascular events after transplantation. Multivariateanalysis identified age [hazard ratio (HR): 1.058;95%CI: 1.002-1.116;P =0.040], post-transplant incidence of cardiovascular disease (HR: 20.264;95%CI:6.052-67.850;P < 0.001), and best S-Cr (HR: 4.155;95%CI: 2.234-7.730;P < 0.001) asindependent predictors of mortality after transplantation. The pre-operative dialysisperiod was not statistically significant.CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that early graft dysfunction, rather than dialysis duration, may serve as a critical risk factorfor poor transplant outcomes.
基金supported by Fujian Provincial Medical“Building High-level Hospitals,High-level Clinical Medical Centers and Key Clinical Specialty Projects”([2021]No.76)Fujian Research and Training Grants for Young and Middle-aged Leaders in Healthcare(No.[2022]954)。
文摘Objective:Robotic gastrectomy(RG)is increasingly used in the treatment of gastric cancer.However,studies on patients with clinical serosa-invasive(cT4a)gastric cancer remain scarce.This study aimed to compare the shortand long-term outcomes of RG and laparoscopic gastrectomy(LG)in the treatment of stage cT4a gastric cancer.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients with stage cT4a gastric cancer diagnosed and treated at eight high-volume tertiary teaching hospitals in China from 2016 to 2019.Propensity score matching(PSM)analysis and inverse probability of treatment weighting(IPTW)analysis was used to adjust for the imbalance in baseline characteristics.The primary research endpoint was the 3-year overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS).The secondary research endpoint was intraoperative outcomes and postoperative complications.Results:After IPTW and PSM adjustments,baseline characteristics between the RG and LG groups were comparable[standardized mean difference(SMD)<0.10].Post-PSM analysis revealed that the RG group exhibited longer operative time(P<0.001),lower postoperative complication rates(P<0.001),shorter postoperative hospital stays(P=0.037),and earlier initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy(P=0.041)compared with the LG group.Survival analysis demonstrated comparable 3-year OS(P=0.110)and DFS(P=0.088)in the PSM cohort,whereas the IPTW cohort showed superior OS(P=0.030)and DFS(P=0.046)for RG.No significant differences were observed in overall recurrence rates or recurrence sites between groups.Conclusions:For patients with stage cT4a gastric cancer,compared with the LG group,the RG group had shorter postoperative hospital stay,lower incidence of postoperative complications,earlier postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy,and no worse long-term efficacy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82573974 and 82373475)to Z.Y.
文摘Dear Editor,Psoriasis,a chronic inflammatory cutaneous condition,is characterized by the development of red plaques with silvery scales,significantly affecting patients'quality of life and mental health[1].This condition is thought to affect approximately 2%of the Western population,with diagnosis peaking in early adulthood[2].Vitamin D,a fat-soluble vitamin,is essential for phospho-calcium metabolism,calcium homeostasis,and bone health.
基金supported by the National R&D Program for Cancer Control through the National Cancer Center funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (No. HA21C0225)。
文摘Objective: Regular cancer screening must be monitored to improve gastric cancer(GC) survival rates and maximize participation. This study examined adherence to regular GC screening over a 10-year period and identified the factors influencing adherence.Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Korean National Cancer Screening Program(KNCSP) between 2011 and 2020. The total cohort comprised 400,113 adults aged 40 years who were newly eligible for and participated in GC screening in 2011. The participants were followed up for 10 years to assess their adherence to biennial screening recommendations. They were categorized into two groups: the nonregular screening(non-RS) group, which included individuals who did not participate in subsequent screenings, and the regular screening(RS) group, which included those who participated in at least one follow-up screening.Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with adherence to regular GC screening.Results: Over 10 years, 59% of the participants completed at least four of the five recommended screenings,while 10% did not participate after their initial screening. Male participants had higher odds of non-adherence than females [adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=1.429, 95% confidence interval(95% CI): 1.394-1.464;P<0.001]. Nonadherence was more prevalent among self-employed individuals(aOR=1.208, P<0.001). Among males, those in the lowest income group were 1.267 times more likely to not undergo regular screening than those in the highest income group.Conclusions: Long-term adherence to regular GC screening in South Korea remains suboptimal.Socioeconomic disparities persist, highlighting the need for tailored interventions to improve adherence and enhance public health.
文摘BACKGROUND The persistent burden of cardiovascular(CV)disease in the United States requires innovative and cost-effective prognostic markers that can be relied upon.AIM To provide insights into how adiponectin can predict all-cause mortality and major adverse CV events(MACE)in patients with coronary artery disease(CAD)and to determine the prognostic value of adiponectin in predicting all-cause mortality and MACE in patients with stable CAD.METHODS We conducted a systematic search on PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar to find relevant studies published through June 2023 evaluating the long-term prognostic role of adiponectin in patients with stable CAD.Using a random effects model with 95%CI,we estimated the odds ratio(OR)while assessing heterogeneity through I^(2)statistics.To ensure robustness,we performed a sensitivity analysis using the leave-one-out approach.RESULTS After screening,we included five prospective studies involving 3225 patients who were followed up for a median duration of 3.8 years.Within the study population,prevalent risk factors included hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,and smoking.The commonly prescribed medications were angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,beta blockers,and statins.The combined adjusted OR for all-cause mortality was found to be 2.51(95%CI:1.36–4.62),showing heterogeneity(I^(2)=65.51%,P=0.03).On the other hand,the combined adjusted OR for MACE was determined to be 1.04(95%CI:1.02–1.06)with no significant heterogeneity observed(I^(2)=0%,P=0.68).Through a sensitivity analysis,it was discovered that none of the studies significantly impacted the overall results of the meta-analysis,thus indicating their robustness.CONCLUSION Higher levels of adiponectin were found to be associated with an increased risk of long-term mortality and MACE in patients with CAD,which highlights its potential as a cost-effective marker for risk assessment and guiding treatment strategies.Further research on the role of adiponectin could greatly influence decision-making and resource allocation in CV care.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M703366)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.KQTD20190929172835662).
文摘Objective Observational studies have found associations between inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and the risk of dementia,including Alzheimer’s dementia(AD)and vascular dementia(VD);however,these findings are inconsistent.It remains unclear whether these associations are causal.Methods We conducted a meta-analysis by systematically searching for observational studies on the association between IBD and dementia.Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis based on summary genome-wide association studies(GWASs)was performed.Genetic correlation and Bayesian colocalization analyses were used to provide robust genetic evidence.Results Ten observational studies involving 80,565,688 participants were included in this metaanalysis.IBD was significantly associated with dementia(risk ratio[RR]=1.36,95%CI=1.04-1.78;I2=84.8%)and VD(RR=2.60,95%CI=1.18-5.70;only one study),but not with AD(RR=2.00,95%CI=0.96-4.13;I^(2)=99.8%).MR analyses did not supported significant causal associations of IBD with dementia(dementia:odds ratio[OR]=1.01,95%CI=0.98-1.03;AD:OR=0.98,95%CI=0.95-1.01;VD:OR=1.02,95%CI=0.97-1.07).In addition,genetic correlation and co-localization analyses did not reveal any genetic associations between IBD and dementia.Conclusion Our study did not provide genetic evidence for a causal association between IBD and dementia risk.The increased risk of dementia observed in observational studies may be attributed to unobserved confounding factors or detection bias.
基金supported by“Dalian Maritime University Teaching Reform Research Fund 2022 Annual Project”(Fund No.XJG2022-96).
文摘This paper proposes an interdisciplinary talent training model that combines foreign language education with area studies.The model aims to cultivate international ocean affairs professionals with cross-cultural communication skills,in-depth regional and country knowledge,and practical expertise in ocean affairs.Additionally,the paper presents specific training pathways and policy recommendations for implementing this model.
文摘In modern society,the globalization of literary works is evident,with exceptional literary pieces from various countries spreading worldwide.Among these,children’s literature,due to the specificity of its target audience,imposes distinct requirements on children’s books,compelling translators to approach the text from a child’s perspective.“The Little Prince”has renowned both within and outside of China,and a careful reading of this work can provide us with much inspiration.To this end,the present study adopts the perspective of Gideon Toury’s Descriptive Translation Studies to conduct an in-depth analysis of the different English and Chinese translations in conjunction with the original French novel.This approach aims to better guide literary research and explores translation methods for children’s literature through the analysis of translation norms and rules.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2022JJ30987)the Key Research and Development Project of Hunan Province (2024JK2107),China。
文摘Objective:The incidence and mortality of colorectal carcinoma(CRC)continue to rise globally,highlighting the need to identify modifiable risk factors for early detection and prevention.Previous studies have demonstrated significant associations between CRC risk and various serum metabolites as well as inflammatory cytokines;however,due to limitations in study design and potential confounding factors,the causal relationships remain unclear.This study aims to investigate the causal relationships between inflammatory cytokines,serum metabolites,and CRC risk,providing a theoretical basis for the development of novel early diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Methods:A two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)design was applied using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies(GWAS).Instrumental variables(IVs)were derived from:1)metabolomics GWAS data of 1400 serum metabolites(n=8299);2)cytokine GWAS data of 91 inflammatory factors(n=14824);and 3)CRC risk data from the FinnGen consortium(6847 cases and 314193 controls).The primary analysis was conducted using the inverse-variance weighted(IVW)method,with sensitivity analyses performed using MR Egger regression and the weighted median method.Effect estimates including odds ratios(OR),95%confidence intervals(CI),and false discovery rates(FDR)were calculated.Results:MR analysis indicated that higher levels of axin-1(AXIN1)(OR=0.84195%CI 0.714 to 0.991)and Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand(Flt3L)(OR=0.916,95%CI 0.844 to 0.994)were associated with a reduced risk of CRC.In contrast,higher levels of Delta/Notchlike epidermal growth factor-related receptor(DNER)(OR=1.119,95%CI 1.009 to 1.241)and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGF-A)(OR=1.078,95%CI 1.011 to 1.150)were associated with an increased risk of CRC(all P<0.05).Metabolomics association analysis further identified 144 serum metabolites significantly correlated with these four key inflammatory cytokines(FDR<0.05),suggesting that they may regulate CRC risk through inflammatory pathways.Conclusion:Specific inflammatory cytokines and serum metabolites have causal relationships with the risk of CRC.These findings provide insights for further exploration of potential risk factors and the development of effective prevention strategies for CRC.
基金financially supported by the China Atomic Energy Authority(CAEA)through the Geological Disposal Programthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42307258)the China National Nuclear Corporation Fundamental Research Project(No.CNNC-JCYJ-202307)。
文摘Investigations into the long-term creep behavior of Beishan granite in uniaxial compression were conducted.Four levels of axial stress(60,70,87,and 95 MPa)were applied to rock specimens.Contrasting with earlier research,the long-term creep data in this work present a substantial advancement in the time dimension.Except for the sample subjected to 60 MPa axial loading,which did not fail after a loading duration of 1650 d,the specimens under the other three stresses all failed after sustained constant loading durations of 1204,1023,and 839 d,respectively.A lower envelope of driving stress-ratio for crystalline rocks was obtained,tending towards approximately 0.45 over an infinite time scale.According to the experimental results,as axial stress increases,both the axial strain accumulated in the transient creep process and the strain rate associated with steady-state creep deformation increase exponentially;however,the share of steady-state creep strain remains nearly constant at about82.53%.A novel damage-based creep model was put forward.It provides an enhanced depiction of the comprehensive creep process in rocks,notably improving the accuracy in forecasting the accelerated creep phase,which significantly impacts the long-term stability of engineering structures.
基金Project supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2042025kf0052)。
文摘In molybdenum chemistry,the oxidative addition of o-quinone or 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds to molybdenum has been widely used in Mo-catalyzed C—C bond construction.The carbonyl oxidative addition to Mo(0)or Mo(Ⅱ)is the critical elementary reaction of molybdenum catalysis.However,the relevant density functional theory(DFT)studies are relatively scarce,especially regarding the rational selection of functionals.In this work,14 functionals were employed to investigate the Mo-catalyzed carbonyl oxidative addition step.A benchmark study was carried out to evaluate their performance in structure optimization and energy calculation.Analyses of mean absolute error(MAE)and mean squared error(MSE)indicated that the B3LYP-D3(BJ),TPSSh,and ωB97X-D functionals exhibited superior performance in structure optimization.Using the DLPNO-CCSD(T)functional as the reference,the M06,M06-L,and MN15-L functionals exhibited good performance for energy calculation based on the structures optimized using the B3LYP-D3(BJ)functional.In particular,MN15-L provided the best performance with the smallest MAE and MSE.
基金supported by Peking University,the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the National Institute on Aging and the World Bank。
文摘Background It remains unclear whether sleep duration and physical activity(PA)trajectories in middle-aged and older adults are associated with different risks of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs).This study aimed to explore the trajectories of total sleep duration and PA among middle-aged and older Chinese adults and their impact on CVD risk.Methods This study was based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.12009 adults aged 45 years and older from five waves were included.CVD events were measured by self-reports of heart disease and stroke.We first used groupbased trajectory modeling to identify total sleep duration and PA trajectories from 2011 to 2020,and then employed logistic regression models to analyze their risk for CVD.Results We identified three sleep duration and PA trajectories.The risk of heart disease increased by 33%(OR=1.31,95%CI:1.12-1.53)for the short sleep duration trajectory(vs.moderate sleep duration trajectory),by 40%(OR=1.40,95%CI:1.06-1.84)for the high decreasing PA trajectory,and by 20%(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.01-1.42)for the low stable PA trajectory(vs.high stable PA trajectory),respectively.Similar results for stroke and CVD as the outcomes were also observed,but the higher risk of stroke in the high decreasing PA trajectory group was not statistically significant.The joint effects of sleep and PA showed lower risks of heart disease and stroke in trajectories with moderate or long sleep duration and high stable PA compared with short sleep duration and a low stable PA trajectory.Conclusions Short total sleep duration,high decreasing PA,and low stable PA trajectories could increase the risk of CVDs among middle-aged and older adults.Long-term moderate to long total sleep durations and high stable PA trajectories might be optimal for preventing CVDs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.43277051)the Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education(No.B230203006).
文摘While oceanic and coastal acidification has gained increased attention,long-term pH trends and their drivers in large freshwater systems remain poorly understood.The Laurentian Great Lakes are the world’s largest freshwater system,and in many ways resemble marine ecosystems.However,unlike the open ocean and coastal waters where pH has declined due to rising atmospheric CO_(2),no significant pH trends have been observed in the Laurentian Great Lakes,despite significant ecosystem changes driven partly by the invasion of dreissenid mussels.This study examined 41 years of field observations from Lake Michigan to investigate the long-term carbonate chemistry dynamics.Observational results revealed substantial declines in both total alkalinity(TA)and dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC)over the four decades.Mussel shell calcification emerged as the primary mechanism behind these declines,accounting for 97%and 47%of the observed changes in TA and DIC,respectively,lowering water column pH by 0.24 units.Elevated carbon accumulation in soft mussel tissues,coupled with long-term changes in the air-water pCO_(2)gradient during summer,significantly contributed to long-term DIC variations,explaining 18%and 28%of the lake-wide DIC loss.These two mechanisms also resulted in an overall pH increase of 0.09 and 0.12 units,largely offsetting the calcification-driven pH decrease.These findings bridge a gap in acidification research for large freshwater systems and provide valuable insights for comprehensive lake-wide management strategies.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Fund Project of Guizhou Health Commission(gzwkj2025-163)。
文摘Objective:To identify the root causes of typical adverse drug events through the lens of patient experiences proposing novel strategies to mitigate preventable harm.Methods:A qualitative case study leveraging in-depth interviews with patients and families,anchored by Interactive Patient Par ticipation Theory,to analyze 4 high-severity adverse drug events(ADE)cases.Cases were purposively sampled from 8 communities in China's National Adverse Event Monitor Center(2018-2023).Semi-structured interviews explored patient perspectives,with data analyzed via thematic coding and triangulation against clinical records.Results:Five interconnected themes emerged:(1)erosion of trust,(2)communication breakdowns,(3)information asymmetry,(4)environmental inadequacies,and(5)technological alienation.Notably,75% of participants had≤high school education,and 50% used≥7 medications daily,compounding ADE risks.Conclusions:We considered elements mentioned by theory,exploring trust,communication,information,and suppor t as the root causes.In addition,we added“adaptability to new technology”as an impor tant and necessary component.It is impor tant and necessary to analyze typical adverse drug events from the perspectives of patients.
文摘China ranked first worldwide in the production and export of electric bicycles.As an emerging market for electric bicycles,Malaysia holds significant potential for trade collabor ation with China in this sector.This study presents a compar ative analysis of the national electric bicycle standards in China and Malaysia,offering technical insights from a standardization perspective.These insights aim to support Chinese enterprises in strategically positioning their technologies in the Malaysian market.The findings reveal significant differences in technical parameters,safety requirements,and testing methods,highlighting the need for tailored product adapt ation.
基金supported by Project of Higher Education Teaching Reform Research in Heilongjiang Province(Graduate Education)(Grant No.SJGYY2024030).
文摘This paper investigates the teaching reform of the Program Comprehension and Analysis course in the context of industry-education integration and AI empowerment.To align with the evolving needs of the software industry,the course content has been updated to incorporate AI techniques such as large language models and deep learning.The reform enriches educational resources and introduces innovative instructional approaches.In addition,high-quality practical teaching cases have been developed,and immersive,hands-on learning experiences have been designed based on industrial platforms and real-world applications.These initiatives aim to enhance the practical skills and innovative thinking of professional degree graduate students,fostering high-caliber talent that aligns with industry demands.A survey of 90 graduate students revealed high levels of satisfaction regarding course content,teaching methodology,and skill development.The reform has proven effective in cultivating interdisciplinary professionals with solid foundations in software engineering and AI-driven innovation.
