Effect of application of K fertilizer and wheat straw to soil on crop yield and status of soil K in the plough layer under different planting systems was studied.The experiments on long-term application of K fertilize...Effect of application of K fertilizer and wheat straw to soil on crop yield and status of soil K in the plough layer under different planting systems was studied.The experiments on long-term application of K fertilizer and wheat straw to soil in Hebei fluvo aquic soil and Shanxi brown soil in northern China were begun in 1992.The results showed that K fertilizer and straw could improve the yields of wheat and maize with the order of NPK+St〉NPK〉NP+St〉NP,and treatment of K fertilizer made a significant difference to NP,and the efficiency of K fertilizer in maize was higher than in wheat under rotation system of Hebei.In contrast with Shanxi,the wastage of soil potassium was a more serious issue in the rotation system in Hebei,only treatment of NPK+St showed a surplus of potassium and the others showed a wane.K fertilizer and straw could improve the content of water-soluble K,nonspecifically adsorbed K,non-exchangeable K,mineral K,and total K in contrast to NP;however,K fertilizer and straw reduce the proportion of mineral K and improve proportion of other forms of potassium in the two locating sites.Compared with the beginning of orientation,temporal variability character of soil K content and proportion showed a difference between the two soil types;furthermore,there was a decrease in the content of mineral K and total K simultaneously in the two locating sites.As a whole,the effect of K fertilizer applied to soil directly excelled to wheat straw to soil.Wheat straw to soil was an effective measure to complement potassium to increase crop yield and retard the decrease of soil K.展开更多
Fertilization is an effective technique to improve soil fertility and increase crop yield.The long-term effects of different fertilizers on soil considerably vary.Over 38 consecutive years of different fertilization p...Fertilization is an effective technique to improve soil fertility and increase crop yield.The long-term effects of different fertilizers on soil considerably vary.Over 38 consecutive years of different fertilization positioning experiments in a double cropping rice field of Qiyang Red Soil Experimental Station,seven different fertilization treatments including CK(no fertilization),NPK(nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer),M(cow manure),NPKM(nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium with cow manure),NPM(nitrogen and phosphorus with cow manure),NKM(nitrogen and potassium with cow manure),and PKM(phosphorus and potassium with cow manure)were applied to study the effects on rice yield,soil fertility,and nutrient apparent balance in a paddy field.The results showed that the annual average yields of rice in NPKM,NPM,NKM,PKM,M,NPK and CK treatments ranged from 6214 to 11562 kg ha-1.Yields under long-term organic and inorganic treatments(NPKM,NPM,NKM and PKM)were 22.58,15.35,10.53 and 4.41%,respectively,greater than under the NPK treatment.Soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),available nitrogen(AN)and available potassium(AK)concentration with long-term organic and inorganic treatment(NPKM,NPM,NKM and PKM)were significantly higher than in inorganic fertilizer(NPK)treatments.Soil total phosphorus(TP)and available phosphorus(AP)contentration with organic fertilizer combined with inorganic N and P fertilizer treatment(NPKM,NPM and PKM)were significantly higher than with inorganic fertilizer alone(NPK treatments).The average annual rice yield(11562 kg ha-1),SOC(20.88 g kg-1),TN(2.30 g kg-1),TP(0.95 g kg-1),TK(22.50 g kg-1)and AP(38.94 mg kg-1)concentrations were the highest in the NPKM treatment.The soil AN concentration(152.40 mg kg-1)and AK contentration(151.00 mg kg-1)were the highest in the NKM treatment.N and P application led to a surplus of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil,but NPKM treatment effectively reduced the surplus compared with other treatments.Soils under all treatments were deficient in potassium.Correlation analysis showed that SOC,TN,AN,TP,and AP contentration was significantly correlated with rice yield;the correlation coefficients were 0.428,0.496,0.518,0.501,and 0.438,respectively.This study showed that the combined application of N,P,and K with cow manure had important effects on rice yield and soil fertility,but balanced application of N,P,and K with cow manure was required.展开更多
This study was carried out to understand the long-term effect of organic waste treatment on the fate of heavy metals originated from the organic wastes, together with examination of changes in soil properties. For thi...This study was carried out to understand the long-term effect of organic waste treatment on the fate of heavy metals originated from the organic wastes, together with examination of changes in soil properties. For this, the soils received three different organic wastes (municipal sewage sludge, alcohol fermentation processing sludge, pig manure compost) in three different rates (12.5, 25, 50 ton/ha/yr) for 7 years (1994 - 2000) were used. To see the long-term effect, plant growth study and soil examination were conducted twice in 2000 and 2010, respectively. There was no additional treatment of organic wastes for post ten years after ceasing organic waste treatment for seven years. Soil examination conducted in 2010 showed decreases in soil pH, EC, total nitrogen, organic matter, available phosphorus, exchangeable cations and heavy metal contents in all soils received organic wastes compared to the results obtained in 2000. Speciation of heavy metals in soil through sequential extraction showed that organically bound Cu was the dominant species in all treatment and exchangeable Cu was increased in the plots treated with municipal sewage sludge and alcohol fermentation processing sludge. organically bound Ni increased from 25% - 30% to 32% - 45% in 2010 inall treatment while Pb showed increase in carbonate form in all treatments. Zn existed mainly as sulfide and residual forms, showing increases in organically bound form in all treatment during post ten years.展开更多
Impacts of 33-yr of application of S-containing and Cl-containing chemical fertilizers on rice （Oryza sativa L.） yield and its components were investigated in a red paddy field experiment,south China.The treatments ...Impacts of 33-yr of application of S-containing and Cl-containing chemical fertilizers on rice （Oryza sativa L.） yield and its components were investigated in a red paddy field experiment,south China.The treatments included：1） adding 302 kg SO42--S ha-1 yr-1 with application of （NH4）2SO4-,K2SO4,and calcium superphosphate （SO42-）;2） adding 56 kg SO42--S and 176 kg Cl ha-1 yr-1 with application of urea,calcium superphosphate,and KCl （Cl-＋SO42-）;3） adding 516 kg Cl ha-1 yr-1 with application of NH4Cl,KCl,and KH2PO4 （Cl-）.Under each treatment,the applied N,P,and K nutrients were controlled at conventional rates of 150 kg N ha-1 yr-1,75 kg P2O5 ha-1 yr-1,225 kg K2O ha-1 yr-1,respectively.Under the S-containing fertilizer application,soil SO42--S content showed a first increasing then decreasing trend with years,and was significantly negatively correlated with annual rice yield.Average annual yield significantly declined in an order of Cl-,Cl-＋SO42-,and SO42-.Under the Cl-treatment,soil SO42--S content was maintained at about 26.5 mg kg-1,not showing deficiency.From 1990 to 2000,rice yield declined rapidly under the SO42- treatment,and was significantly lower than that under the Cltreatment.After then,there was no significant difference in yield among the treatments.Our results demonstrated that long-term application of S- containing fertilizer could result in excessive accumulation of SO42--S in the red paddy soils of south China,therefore producing a certain threat to rice growth.The Cl- containing fertilizer could be relatively safe.展开更多
Metal halides have attracted worldwide attention as exceptional optoelectronic materials.Over the past decade,research on metal halides has yielded remarkable progress,and their color-conversion applications have show...Metal halides have attracted worldwide attention as exceptional optoelectronic materials.Over the past decade,research on metal halides has yielded remarkable progress,and their color-conversion applications have shown considerable promise for commercialization.With the reporting of self-trapped exciton(STE)emission in perovskites,the application of metal halides as broadband emitting materials in the lighting field has gained increas-ing interest.Herein,we provide a comprehensive review of metal halide STE emitters,especially for lighting applications.We begin with highlighting the ideal spectral characteristics and corresponding performance metrics for lighting.This is followed by a systematic summary of the mechanisms,optimization strategies,and recent advances of STE emission in metal halides.Finally,we outline the major challenges and prospective trends for metal halide STE emitters.This review aims to offer valuable insights into metal halide STE emitters and their lighting applications for facilitating the future commercialization.展开更多
Whole Slide Imaging (WSI) technology, as a revolutionary digital technology in the field of pathology, is gradually changing the traditional clinical pathological diagnosis model. By converting traditional glass patho...Whole Slide Imaging (WSI) technology, as a revolutionary digital technology in the field of pathology, is gradually changing the traditional clinical pathological diagnosis model. By converting traditional glass pathological sections into complete digital images through high-resolution scanning, it provides a new method for pathological diagnosis. Based on this, this paper studies the application of WSI technology in clinical pathological diagnosis, elaborates on its application value, analyzes the current application status, and proposes corresponding application countermeasures, aiming to provide reference for the standardized and popularized development of this technology in clinical pathological diagnosis.展开更多
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women globally and poses a major public health challenge due to limitations in traditional diagnostic and treatment processes,such as subjective interpretation bi...Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women globally and poses a major public health challenge due to limitations in traditional diagnostic and treatment processes,such as subjective interpretation biases and inefficient multidimensional data integration.Artificial intelligence(AI),particularly deep learning and machine learning technologies,has emerged as a transformative tool in addressing these issues.Clinically,AI has been widely applied in imaging screening to improve detection rates and reduce reading time,digital pathology for precise tumor typing and gene mutation prediction,treatment decisionsupport systems to enhance guideline compliance,and drug research and development to accelerate target identification and virtual screening.Despite these achievements,AI implementation faces challenges,such as data standardization issues,limited model generalization,low clinical accessibility,and unclear ethical-legal responsibilities,which require targeted solutions that include national data standards,multi-center training,hierarchical physician training,and explainable AI.Future directions involve multimodal data integration,human-AI collaborative multidisciplinary team models,and extension to full-cycle health management from prevention-to-rehabilitation.This review provides a systematic overview of the role of AI in breast cancer care,offering insights for clinical practice and scientific research innovation,and supporting the transition toward personalized and intelligent medicine in oncology.展开更多
Environmental DNA(eDNA)technology has revolutionized biodiversity monitoring with its non-invasive,sensitive,and cost-efficient approach.This paper systematically reviews eDNA advancements,examining its applications i...Environmental DNA(eDNA)technology has revolutionized biodiversity monitoring with its non-invasive,sensitive,and cost-efficient approach.This paper systematically reviews eDNA advancements,examining its applications in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and assessing China’s standardization progress.It delineates four developmental phases from single-species detection to high-throughput sequencing,and highlights China’s contribution to the development of technical standards.While significant progress has been made,challenges persist in quantitative accuracy,methodological consistency,and large-scale implementation.Future efforts should prioritize enhanced standardization,improved quantification techniques,broader applications,and international collaboration to drive innovation in eDNA technology.展开更多
Lignin,the most abundant natural aromatic polymer globally,has garnered considerable interest due to its rich and diverse active functional groups and its antioxidant,antimicrobial,and adhesive properties.Recent resea...Lignin,the most abundant natural aromatic polymer globally,has garnered considerable interest due to its rich and diverse active functional groups and its antioxidant,antimicrobial,and adhesive properties.Recent research has significantly improved the performance of lignin-based hydrogels,suggesting their substantial potential in fields such as biomedicine,environmental science,and agriculture.This paper reviews the process of lignin extraction,systematically introduces synthesis strategies for preparing lignin-based hydrogels,and discusses the current state of research on these hydrogels in biomedical and environmental protection fields.It concludes by identifying the existing challenges in lignin hydrogel research and envisioning future prospects and development trends.展开更多
Biomass is a resourcewhose organic carbon is formed from atmospheric carbon dioxide.It has numerous characteristics such as low carbon emissions,renewability,and environmental friendliness.The efficient utilization of...Biomass is a resourcewhose organic carbon is formed from atmospheric carbon dioxide.It has numerous characteristics such as low carbon emissions,renewability,and environmental friendliness.The efficient utilization of biomass plays a significant role in promoting the development of clean energy,alleviating environmental pressures,and achieving carbon neutrality goals.Among the numerous processing technologies of biomass,hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)is a promising thermochemical process that can decompose and convert biomass into hydrochar under relatively mild conditions of approximately 180℃–300℃,thereby enabling its efficient resource utilization.In addition,HTC can directly process feedstocks with high moisture content without the need for high-temperature drying,resulting in lower energy consumption.Based on a systematic analysis of the critical articles mainly published in 2011-2025 related to biomass,HTC,and hydrochar applications,in this review,the category of biomass was first classified and the chemical compositions were summarized.Then,the main chemical reaction pathways involved in biomass decomposition and transformation during the HTC process were introduced.Meanwhile,the roles of key process parameters,including reaction temperature,residence time,pH,feedstock type,pressure,mass ratio of biomass to water,and the use of catalysts on HTC,were carefully discussed.Finally,the applications of hydrochar in energy utilization,environmental remediation,soil improvement,adsorbent,microbial fermentation,and phosphorus recovery fields were highlighted.The future directions of the HTC process were also provided,which would respond to climate change by promoting the development of the sustainable carbon materials field.展开更多
The genus Actinidia is primarily functionally dioecious,and early sex identification plays a crucial role in improving breeding efficiency and reducing production costs.In this study,the accuracy of three sex-linked m...The genus Actinidia is primarily functionally dioecious,and early sex identification plays a crucial role in improving breeding efficiency and reducing production costs.In this study,the accuracy of three sex-linked molecular markers(SyGI[Shy Girl],FrBy[Friendly Boy],and SmY1)in sex identification was evaluated in various Actinidia species.The selected marker products were subsequently cloned and sequenced in six wild Actinidia species.Ninety-six wild A.chinensis chinensis accessions and 74 A.chinensis deliciosa accessions,most of which were wild,with only one cultivated,were used for comprehensive primer validation.Thirty-three juvenile A.chinensis chinensis hybrid seedlings were used for practical application tests.The results showed that the marker SyGI accurately identified the sex of 20 samples from six Actinidia species and 96 A.chinensis chinensis accessions with 100%reliability.For Actinidia chinensis deliciosa,the identification accuracy reached 98.65%.Sequence analysis revealed that SyGI shared the highest similarity with the male-specific genomic region.Furthermore,SyGI achieved 100%accuracy in identifying the sex of 33 juvenile A.chinensis chinensis individuals.The findings confirm that the SyGI marker possesses high accuracy,strong specificity,and broad applicability,making it a valuable tool for kiwifruit breeding programs.The cloned sequences from wild Actinidia species also provide important references for future research on the mechanisms of sexual evolution and determination.展开更多
The escalating global crisis of antibiotic resistance necessitates urgent development of novel antimicrobial agents.In this context,antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)derived from fish emerge as a highly promising strategic ...The escalating global crisis of antibiotic resistance necessitates urgent development of novel antimicrobial agents.In this context,antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)derived from fish emerge as a highly promising strategic resource,owing to their unique structural diversity and the exceptional adaptability and tolerance conferred by evolutionary pressures in aquatic environments.This review systematically synthesizes key advances in fish-derived AMP research.It details their diverse sourcing avenues,encompassing tissues from live fish(e.g.,skin,mucus,gills,intestines)and processing byproducts(e.g.,scales,skins,viscera).The discussion covers efficient isolation,purification,and synthesis strategies,and critically examines their defining feature:unique multi-target synergistic antimicrobial mechanisms(including microbial membrane disruption,intracellular targeting,and immunomodulation),which contribute to a reduced propensity for resistance development.To address inherent limitations of natural AMPs(such as susceptibility to proteolysis and potential toxicity),the review highlights innovative optimization approaches,including computational-aided rational design,amino acid modification,cyclization,and hybrid peptide construction.Furthermore,the review elaborates on their significant application potential across crucial domains:food preservation(inhibiting spoilage organisms,extending shelf-life),sustainable aquaculture(as antibiotic alternatives,enhancing disease resistance,improving water quality),and the development of novel anti-infective therapeutics(particularly against drug-resistant infections).Therefore,this work aims to provide a comprehensive theoretical foundation and innovative strategic insights to foster in-depth research and the sustainable exploitation of this vital strategic biological resource.展开更多
Graphitic carbon nitride(g-CN)stands out as the most promising candidate for solar energy conversion owing to its easy preparation,metal-free nature,flexible molecular structure,moderate bandgap,and excellent thermal/...Graphitic carbon nitride(g-CN)stands out as the most promising candidate for solar energy conversion owing to its easy preparation,metal-free nature,flexible molecular structure,moderate bandgap,and excellent thermal/chemical stability.To enhance the performance of intrinsic g-CN,a supramolecular self-assembly strategy has been proposed to regulate the molecular structure of supramolecular precursors through non-covalent interactions across molecular building blocks,thereby optimizing the electronic structure of g-CN.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in supramolecular self-assembly-derived graphitic carbon nitride(SM-CN)from both experimental and theoretical computational research in synthesis strategies,including synthesis methods and influencing factors,providing a theoretical foundation for the design of supramolecular assembly.It also discusses modification strategies,such as internal modification of the conjugated plane,interlayer optimization,and construction of heterointerfaces to improve the electronic structure of SM-CN owing to its unique layered structure.This review further summarizes the applications of SM-CN in environment and energy,including wastewater treatment,sterilization and disinfection/air purification,water splitting,H_(2)O_(2)production,organic synthesis/biomass conversion,CO_(2)reduction,photocatalytic coupling technology.Finally,perspectives and outlooks for the future development of SM-CN aim to inspire further innovation in the design and construction of high-performance SM-CN for broader applications.展开更多
Natural evolution has endowed biological surfaces with unique microstructural features,enabling them to achieve complex functions such as grasping,climbing,and self-cleaning through precise regulation of adhesion.Insp...Natural evolution has endowed biological surfaces with unique microstructural features,enabling them to achieve complex functions such as grasping,climbing,and self-cleaning through precise regulation of adhesion.Inspired by this,bioinspired adhesive microstructures have shown tremendous application potential in the rapidly advancing and highly innovative biomedical field.This paper systematically reviews the adhesion systems of biological surfaces like those of geckos and tree frogs,and conducts an in-depth analysis of the adhesion mechanisms underlying various microstructures and their corresponding bioinspired adhesives from the critical perspective of structural characteristics.It reviews different types of interfacial adhesion models,with special emphasis on the suitability of the Cantor-Borodich profile model for accurately describing multiscale hierarchical adhesive structures in diverse and complex biological systems.The paper focuses on elaborating the significant contributions of bioinspired adhesives in biomedical engineering,particularly their practical and impactful applications in wearable medical devices such as stable adhesion in dynamic physiological environments,surgical instruments such as low-damage soft tissue gripping,and drug delivery systems such as enhanced transdermal delivery efficiency.Additionally,it outlines current development prospects and key challenges such as long-term biocompatibility,environmental adaptability,and structure-function synergistic optimization,providing new ideas and valuable references for further research and application of bioinspired adhesive microstructures in biomedical engineering.展开更多
Network-on-Chip(NoC)systems are progressively deployed in connecting massively parallel megacore systems in the new computing architecture.As a result,application mapping has become an important aspect of performance ...Network-on-Chip(NoC)systems are progressively deployed in connecting massively parallel megacore systems in the new computing architecture.As a result,application mapping has become an important aspect of performance and scalability,as current trends require the distribution of computation across network nodes/points.In this paper,we survey a large number of mapping and scheduling techniques designed for NoC architectures.This time,we concentrated on 3D systems.We take a systematic literature review approach to analyze existing methods across static,dynamic,hybrid,and machine-learning-based approaches,alongside preliminary AI-based dynamic models in recent works.We classify them into several main aspects covering power-aware mapping,fault tolerance,load-balancing,and adaptive for dynamic workloads.Also,we assess the efficacy of each method against performance parameters,such as latency,throughput,response time,and error rate.Key challenges,including energy efficiency,real-time adaptability,and reinforcement learning integration,are highlighted as well.To the best of our knowledge,this is one of the recent reviews that identifies both traditional and AI-based algorithms for mapping over a modern NoC,and opens research challenges.Finally,we provide directions for future work toward improved adaptability and scalability via lightweight learned models and hierarchical mapping frameworks.展开更多
Radiative cooling systems(RCSs)possess the distinctive capability to dissipate heat energy via solar and thermal radiation,making them suitable for thermal regulation and energy conservation applications,essential for...Radiative cooling systems(RCSs)possess the distinctive capability to dissipate heat energy via solar and thermal radiation,making them suitable for thermal regulation and energy conservation applications,essential for mitigating the energy crisis.A comprehensive review connecting the advancements in engineered radiative cooling systems(ERCSs),encompassing material and structural design as well as thermal and energy-related applications,is currently absent.Herein,this review begins with a concise summary of the essential concepts of ERCSs,followed by an introduction to engineered materials and structures,containing nature-inspired designs,chromatic materials,meta-structural configurations,and multilayered constructions.It subsequently encapsulates the primary applications,including thermal-regulating textiles and energy-saving devices.Next,it highlights the challenges of ERCSs,including maximized thermoregulatory effects,environmental adaptability,scalability and sustainability,and interdisciplinary integration.It seeks to offer direction for forthcoming fundamental research and industrial advancement of radiative cooling systems in real-world applications.展开更多
Objective: To analyze the impact of whole-process nursing on the rescue of emergency critically ill patients by setting a control group and an experimental group and comparing their experimental results. Methods: A to...Objective: To analyze the impact of whole-process nursing on the rescue of emergency critically ill patients by setting a control group and an experimental group and comparing their experimental results. Methods: A total of 50 critically ill patients admitted to the Emergency Department from October 2022 to October 2023 were randomly divided into the experimental group (25 cases) and the control group (25 cases). The control group received routine nursing, while the experimental group received whole-process nursing. The rescue success rate and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results: In the experimental group, 24 patients were rescued successfully, with a success rate of 96%;in the control group, 19 patients were rescued successfully, with a success rate of 76%, showing a significant difference (χ2 = 4.1528, p = 0.0415 < 0.05). The nursing satisfaction was 92% in the experimental group and 68% in the control group. Conclusion: Whole-process nursing can effectively improve the rescue success rate of critically ill patients, enhance the satisfaction of patients and their families, and improve patients’ quality of life.展开更多
High-entropy layered hydroxides(HELHs),an emerging frontier in entropy-stabilized materials derived from layered double hydroxides(LDHs),have captivated attention with their unparalleled tunability,thermodynamic stabi...High-entropy layered hydroxides(HELHs),an emerging frontier in entropy-stabilized materials derived from layered double hydroxides(LDHs),have captivated attention with their unparalleled tunability,thermodynamic stability,and electrochemical performance.The integration of the high-entropy concept into LDHs empowers HELHs to surmount the constraints of conventional materials through compositional diversity,structurally disordered configurations,and synergistic multi-element interactions.This review systematically embarks on their synthesis methodologies,functional mechanisms,and applications in energy conversion/storage and biomedicine.Advanced synthesis strategies,such as plasma-assisted hydrothermal methods,facilitate precise control over HELH architectures while supporting scalable production.HELHs demonstrate superior electrochemical performance in critical reactions,including oxygen evolution reaction,water oxidation,hydrogen evolution,and glucose electrooxidation.Future directions encompass integrating in situ characterization with simulations,leveraging machine learning for composition screening,and expanding HELHs application through interdisciplinary collaborations.This work establishes a comprehensive roadmap for advancing HELHs as next-generation multifunctional platforms for sustainable energy and biomedical technologies.展开更多
Conjugated microporous polymers(CMPs)are a unique class of organic porous materials characterized byπ-conjugated structures and permanent micropores,distinguishing them from non-porous polymers and conventionalπ-con...Conjugated microporous polymers(CMPs)are a unique class of organic porous materials characterized byπ-conjugated structures and permanent micropores,distinguishing them from non-porous polymers and conventionalπ-conjugated polymers.CMPs offer extensive versatility in synthetic approaches,enabling the synthesis of cross-linked and mesoporous structures.Advances in chemical processes,structural design,and synthesis methodologies have been developed,resulting in a diverse range of CMPs with unique configurations and properties,contributing to the fast expansion of the field.CMPs are particularly notable for their ability to enable the competitive utilization ofπ-conjugated structures within mesoporous configurations,making them valuable for investigations across various domains.They have shown considerable promise in addressing fuel and environmental challenges,demonstrated by their exceptional performance in applications such as vapor adsorption,heterogeneous catalysis,light emission,light harvesting,and energy generation.This review examines the chemical engineering principles underlying CMPs,including synthesis approaches,systemic research advancements,multifunctional investigations boundaries,potential applications,and progress in synthesis,dimensionality,and morphology studies.Specifically,it offers a comparative analysis of CMPs and linear polymeric materials,aiding in the development of functional polymers.Furthermore,this review explores the primary fundamental limitations of CMPs in fuel-related domains and discusses alternative strategies,including novel synthesis methods incorporating interactions and morphologies,to address these challenges.Ultimately,this assessment aims to provide a valuable and inspiring resource for professionals in the field of fuel management,guiding future research and development efforts.展开更多
Liver transplantation(LT)remains the optimal life-saving intervention for patients with end-stage liver disease.Despite the recent advances in LT several barriers,including organ allocation,donor-recipient matching,an...Liver transplantation(LT)remains the optimal life-saving intervention for patients with end-stage liver disease.Despite the recent advances in LT several barriers,including organ allocation,donor-recipient matching,and patient education,persist.With the growing progress of artificial intelligence,particularly large language models(LLMs)like ChatGPT,new applications have emerged in the field of LT.Current studies demonstrating usage of ChatGPT in LT include various areas of application,from clinical settings to research and education.ChatGPT usage can benefit both healthcare professionals,by decreasing the time spent on non-clinical work,but also LT recipients by providing accurate information.Future potential applications include the expanding usage of ChatGPT and other LLMs in the field of LT pathology and radiology as well as the automated creation of discharge summaries or other related paperwork.Additionally,the next models of ChatGPT might have the potential to provide more accurate patient education material with increased readability.Although ChatGPT usage presents promising applications,there are certain ethical and practical limitations.Key concerns include patient data privacy,information accuracy,misinformation possibility and lack of legal framework.Healthcare providers and policymakers should collaborate for the establishment of a controlled framework for the safe use of ChatGPT.The aim of this minireview is to summarize current literature on ChatGPT in LT,highlighting both opportunities and limitations,while also providing future possible applications.展开更多
文摘Effect of application of K fertilizer and wheat straw to soil on crop yield and status of soil K in the plough layer under different planting systems was studied.The experiments on long-term application of K fertilizer and wheat straw to soil in Hebei fluvo aquic soil and Shanxi brown soil in northern China were begun in 1992.The results showed that K fertilizer and straw could improve the yields of wheat and maize with the order of NPK+St〉NPK〉NP+St〉NP,and treatment of K fertilizer made a significant difference to NP,and the efficiency of K fertilizer in maize was higher than in wheat under rotation system of Hebei.In contrast with Shanxi,the wastage of soil potassium was a more serious issue in the rotation system in Hebei,only treatment of NPK+St showed a surplus of potassium and the others showed a wane.K fertilizer and straw could improve the content of water-soluble K,nonspecifically adsorbed K,non-exchangeable K,mineral K,and total K in contrast to NP;however,K fertilizer and straw reduce the proportion of mineral K and improve proportion of other forms of potassium in the two locating sites.Compared with the beginning of orientation,temporal variability character of soil K content and proportion showed a difference between the two soil types;furthermore,there was a decrease in the content of mineral K and total K simultaneously in the two locating sites.As a whole,the effect of K fertilizer applied to soil directly excelled to wheat straw to soil.Wheat straw to soil was an effective measure to complement potassium to increase crop yield and retard the decrease of soil K.
基金This study was financially supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-01-02A)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(2022NK2009)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China(2021RC2081)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province,China(2022NSFSC1059)the Development Program of Hunan Province,China(2021NK2029).
文摘Fertilization is an effective technique to improve soil fertility and increase crop yield.The long-term effects of different fertilizers on soil considerably vary.Over 38 consecutive years of different fertilization positioning experiments in a double cropping rice field of Qiyang Red Soil Experimental Station,seven different fertilization treatments including CK(no fertilization),NPK(nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer),M(cow manure),NPKM(nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium with cow manure),NPM(nitrogen and phosphorus with cow manure),NKM(nitrogen and potassium with cow manure),and PKM(phosphorus and potassium with cow manure)were applied to study the effects on rice yield,soil fertility,and nutrient apparent balance in a paddy field.The results showed that the annual average yields of rice in NPKM,NPM,NKM,PKM,M,NPK and CK treatments ranged from 6214 to 11562 kg ha-1.Yields under long-term organic and inorganic treatments(NPKM,NPM,NKM and PKM)were 22.58,15.35,10.53 and 4.41%,respectively,greater than under the NPK treatment.Soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),available nitrogen(AN)and available potassium(AK)concentration with long-term organic and inorganic treatment(NPKM,NPM,NKM and PKM)were significantly higher than in inorganic fertilizer(NPK)treatments.Soil total phosphorus(TP)and available phosphorus(AP)contentration with organic fertilizer combined with inorganic N and P fertilizer treatment(NPKM,NPM and PKM)were significantly higher than with inorganic fertilizer alone(NPK treatments).The average annual rice yield(11562 kg ha-1),SOC(20.88 g kg-1),TN(2.30 g kg-1),TP(0.95 g kg-1),TK(22.50 g kg-1)and AP(38.94 mg kg-1)concentrations were the highest in the NPKM treatment.The soil AN concentration(152.40 mg kg-1)and AK contentration(151.00 mg kg-1)were the highest in the NKM treatment.N and P application led to a surplus of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil,but NPKM treatment effectively reduced the surplus compared with other treatments.Soils under all treatments were deficient in potassium.Correlation analysis showed that SOC,TN,AN,TP,and AP contentration was significantly correlated with rice yield;the correlation coefficients were 0.428,0.496,0.518,0.501,and 0.438,respectively.This study showed that the combined application of N,P,and K with cow manure had important effects on rice yield and soil fertility,but balanced application of N,P,and K with cow manure was required.
文摘This study was carried out to understand the long-term effect of organic waste treatment on the fate of heavy metals originated from the organic wastes, together with examination of changes in soil properties. For this, the soils received three different organic wastes (municipal sewage sludge, alcohol fermentation processing sludge, pig manure compost) in three different rates (12.5, 25, 50 ton/ha/yr) for 7 years (1994 - 2000) were used. To see the long-term effect, plant growth study and soil examination were conducted twice in 2000 and 2010, respectively. There was no additional treatment of organic wastes for post ten years after ceasing organic waste treatment for seven years. Soil examination conducted in 2010 showed decreases in soil pH, EC, total nitrogen, organic matter, available phosphorus, exchangeable cations and heavy metal contents in all soils received organic wastes compared to the results obtained in 2000. Speciation of heavy metals in soil through sequential extraction showed that organically bound Cu was the dominant species in all treatment and exchangeable Cu was increased in the plots treated with municipal sewage sludge and alcohol fermentation processing sludge. organically bound Ni increased from 25% - 30% to 32% - 45% in 2010 inall treatment while Pb showed increase in carbonate form in all treatments. Zn existed mainly as sulfide and residual forms, showing increases in organically bound form in all treatment during post ten years.
基金supported by the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China (2008-4)the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (2006BAD05B09,2006BAD02A14)
文摘Impacts of 33-yr of application of S-containing and Cl-containing chemical fertilizers on rice （Oryza sativa L.） yield and its components were investigated in a red paddy field experiment,south China.The treatments included：1） adding 302 kg SO42--S ha-1 yr-1 with application of （NH4）2SO4-,K2SO4,and calcium superphosphate （SO42-）;2） adding 56 kg SO42--S and 176 kg Cl ha-1 yr-1 with application of urea,calcium superphosphate,and KCl （Cl-＋SO42-）;3） adding 516 kg Cl ha-1 yr-1 with application of NH4Cl,KCl,and KH2PO4 （Cl-）.Under each treatment,the applied N,P,and K nutrients were controlled at conventional rates of 150 kg N ha-1 yr-1,75 kg P2O5 ha-1 yr-1,225 kg K2O ha-1 yr-1,respectively.Under the S-containing fertilizer application,soil SO42--S content showed a first increasing then decreasing trend with years,and was significantly negatively correlated with annual rice yield.Average annual yield significantly declined in an order of Cl-,Cl-＋SO42-,and SO42-.Under the Cl-treatment,soil SO42--S content was maintained at about 26.5 mg kg-1,not showing deficiency.From 1990 to 2000,rice yield declined rapidly under the SO42- treatment,and was significantly lower than that under the Cltreatment.After then,there was no significant difference in yield among the treatments.Our results demonstrated that long-term application of S- containing fertilizer could result in excessive accumulation of SO42--S in the red paddy soils of south China,therefore producing a certain threat to rice growth.The Cl- containing fertilizer could be relatively safe.
文摘Metal halides have attracted worldwide attention as exceptional optoelectronic materials.Over the past decade,research on metal halides has yielded remarkable progress,and their color-conversion applications have shown considerable promise for commercialization.With the reporting of self-trapped exciton(STE)emission in perovskites,the application of metal halides as broadband emitting materials in the lighting field has gained increas-ing interest.Herein,we provide a comprehensive review of metal halide STE emitters,especially for lighting applications.We begin with highlighting the ideal spectral characteristics and corresponding performance metrics for lighting.This is followed by a systematic summary of the mechanisms,optimization strategies,and recent advances of STE emission in metal halides.Finally,we outline the major challenges and prospective trends for metal halide STE emitters.This review aims to offer valuable insights into metal halide STE emitters and their lighting applications for facilitating the future commercialization.
文摘Whole Slide Imaging (WSI) technology, as a revolutionary digital technology in the field of pathology, is gradually changing the traditional clinical pathological diagnosis model. By converting traditional glass pathological sections into complete digital images through high-resolution scanning, it provides a new method for pathological diagnosis. Based on this, this paper studies the application of WSI technology in clinical pathological diagnosis, elaborates on its application value, analyzes the current application status, and proposes corresponding application countermeasures, aiming to provide reference for the standardized and popularized development of this technology in clinical pathological diagnosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82404074)the Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2024ZD0519805).
文摘Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women globally and poses a major public health challenge due to limitations in traditional diagnostic and treatment processes,such as subjective interpretation biases and inefficient multidimensional data integration.Artificial intelligence(AI),particularly deep learning and machine learning technologies,has emerged as a transformative tool in addressing these issues.Clinically,AI has been widely applied in imaging screening to improve detection rates and reduce reading time,digital pathology for precise tumor typing and gene mutation prediction,treatment decisionsupport systems to enhance guideline compliance,and drug research and development to accelerate target identification and virtual screening.Despite these achievements,AI implementation faces challenges,such as data standardization issues,limited model generalization,low clinical accessibility,and unclear ethical-legal responsibilities,which require targeted solutions that include national data standards,multi-center training,hierarchical physician training,and explainable AI.Future directions involve multimodal data integration,human-AI collaborative multidisciplinary team models,and extension to full-cycle health management from prevention-to-rehabilitation.This review provides a systematic overview of the role of AI in breast cancer care,offering insights for clinical practice and scientific research innovation,and supporting the transition toward personalized and intelligent medicine in oncology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32160172)the Key Science-Technology Project of Inner Mongolia(2023KYPT0010)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(Grant No.2025QN03006)the 2023 Inner Mongolia Public Institution High-Level Talent Introduction Scientific Research Support Project.
文摘Environmental DNA(eDNA)technology has revolutionized biodiversity monitoring with its non-invasive,sensitive,and cost-efficient approach.This paper systematically reviews eDNA advancements,examining its applications in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and assessing China’s standardization progress.It delineates four developmental phases from single-species detection to high-throughput sequencing,and highlights China’s contribution to the development of technical standards.While significant progress has been made,challenges persist in quantitative accuracy,methodological consistency,and large-scale implementation.Future efforts should prioritize enhanced standardization,improved quantification techniques,broader applications,and international collaboration to drive innovation in eDNA technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21706052,22278114)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(242300421575).
文摘Lignin,the most abundant natural aromatic polymer globally,has garnered considerable interest due to its rich and diverse active functional groups and its antioxidant,antimicrobial,and adhesive properties.Recent research has significantly improved the performance of lignin-based hydrogels,suggesting their substantial potential in fields such as biomedicine,environmental science,and agriculture.This paper reviews the process of lignin extraction,systematically introduces synthesis strategies for preparing lignin-based hydrogels,and discusses the current state of research on these hydrogels in biomedical and environmental protection fields.It concludes by identifying the existing challenges in lignin hydrogel research and envisioning future prospects and development trends.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22578155,22478147)the Natural Science Foundation of Huaian City(HAB2024051).
文摘Biomass is a resourcewhose organic carbon is formed from atmospheric carbon dioxide.It has numerous characteristics such as low carbon emissions,renewability,and environmental friendliness.The efficient utilization of biomass plays a significant role in promoting the development of clean energy,alleviating environmental pressures,and achieving carbon neutrality goals.Among the numerous processing technologies of biomass,hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)is a promising thermochemical process that can decompose and convert biomass into hydrochar under relatively mild conditions of approximately 180℃–300℃,thereby enabling its efficient resource utilization.In addition,HTC can directly process feedstocks with high moisture content without the need for high-temperature drying,resulting in lower energy consumption.Based on a systematic analysis of the critical articles mainly published in 2011-2025 related to biomass,HTC,and hydrochar applications,in this review,the category of biomass was first classified and the chemical compositions were summarized.Then,the main chemical reaction pathways involved in biomass decomposition and transformation during the HTC process were introduced.Meanwhile,the roles of key process parameters,including reaction temperature,residence time,pH,feedstock type,pressure,mass ratio of biomass to water,and the use of catalysts on HTC,were carefully discussed.Finally,the applications of hydrochar in energy utilization,environmental remediation,soil improvement,adsorbent,microbial fermentation,and phosphorus recovery fields were highlighted.The future directions of the HTC process were also provided,which would respond to climate change by promoting the development of the sustainable carbon materials field.
基金funded by Sichuan Science and Technology Program,grant numbers 2021YFYZ0010,2023YFH0006,2025YFHZ0295The Basic Research Program of Sichuan Provincial Research Institutes,grant numbers 2024JDKY0001 and 2023JDKY0001.
文摘The genus Actinidia is primarily functionally dioecious,and early sex identification plays a crucial role in improving breeding efficiency and reducing production costs.In this study,the accuracy of three sex-linked molecular markers(SyGI[Shy Girl],FrBy[Friendly Boy],and SmY1)in sex identification was evaluated in various Actinidia species.The selected marker products were subsequently cloned and sequenced in six wild Actinidia species.Ninety-six wild A.chinensis chinensis accessions and 74 A.chinensis deliciosa accessions,most of which were wild,with only one cultivated,were used for comprehensive primer validation.Thirty-three juvenile A.chinensis chinensis hybrid seedlings were used for practical application tests.The results showed that the marker SyGI accurately identified the sex of 20 samples from six Actinidia species and 96 A.chinensis chinensis accessions with 100%reliability.For Actinidia chinensis deliciosa,the identification accuracy reached 98.65%.Sequence analysis revealed that SyGI shared the highest similarity with the male-specific genomic region.Furthermore,SyGI achieved 100%accuracy in identifying the sex of 33 juvenile A.chinensis chinensis individuals.The findings confirm that the SyGI marker possesses high accuracy,strong specificity,and broad applicability,making it a valuable tool for kiwifruit breeding programs.The cloned sequences from wild Actinidia species also provide important references for future research on the mechanisms of sexual evolution and determination.
文摘The escalating global crisis of antibiotic resistance necessitates urgent development of novel antimicrobial agents.In this context,antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)derived from fish emerge as a highly promising strategic resource,owing to their unique structural diversity and the exceptional adaptability and tolerance conferred by evolutionary pressures in aquatic environments.This review systematically synthesizes key advances in fish-derived AMP research.It details their diverse sourcing avenues,encompassing tissues from live fish(e.g.,skin,mucus,gills,intestines)and processing byproducts(e.g.,scales,skins,viscera).The discussion covers efficient isolation,purification,and synthesis strategies,and critically examines their defining feature:unique multi-target synergistic antimicrobial mechanisms(including microbial membrane disruption,intracellular targeting,and immunomodulation),which contribute to a reduced propensity for resistance development.To address inherent limitations of natural AMPs(such as susceptibility to proteolysis and potential toxicity),the review highlights innovative optimization approaches,including computational-aided rational design,amino acid modification,cyclization,and hybrid peptide construction.Furthermore,the review elaborates on their significant application potential across crucial domains:food preservation(inhibiting spoilage organisms,extending shelf-life),sustainable aquaculture(as antibiotic alternatives,enhancing disease resistance,improving water quality),and the development of novel anti-infective therapeutics(particularly against drug-resistant infections).Therefore,this work aims to provide a comprehensive theoretical foundation and innovative strategic insights to foster in-depth research and the sustainable exploitation of this vital strategic biological resource.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC No.52271228)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2023-JC-ZD-21)the Doctoral Dissertation Innovation Fund of Xi'an University of Technology(No.101-252072301)。
文摘Graphitic carbon nitride(g-CN)stands out as the most promising candidate for solar energy conversion owing to its easy preparation,metal-free nature,flexible molecular structure,moderate bandgap,and excellent thermal/chemical stability.To enhance the performance of intrinsic g-CN,a supramolecular self-assembly strategy has been proposed to regulate the molecular structure of supramolecular precursors through non-covalent interactions across molecular building blocks,thereby optimizing the electronic structure of g-CN.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in supramolecular self-assembly-derived graphitic carbon nitride(SM-CN)from both experimental and theoretical computational research in synthesis strategies,including synthesis methods and influencing factors,providing a theoretical foundation for the design of supramolecular assembly.It also discusses modification strategies,such as internal modification of the conjugated plane,interlayer optimization,and construction of heterointerfaces to improve the electronic structure of SM-CN owing to its unique layered structure.This review further summarizes the applications of SM-CN in environment and energy,including wastewater treatment,sterilization and disinfection/air purification,water splitting,H_(2)O_(2)production,organic synthesis/biomass conversion,CO_(2)reduction,photocatalytic coupling technology.Finally,perspectives and outlooks for the future development of SM-CN aim to inspire further innovation in the design and construction of high-performance SM-CN for broader applications.
基金supported and funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(HWG2022001,12402135,52575201 and 12502114)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M763860)support from Chongqing City Science and Technology Program(Grant No.CSTB2025NSCQ-GPX0760,CSTB2025NSCQ-GPX0778 and CSTB2025NSCQ-GPX0784).
文摘Natural evolution has endowed biological surfaces with unique microstructural features,enabling them to achieve complex functions such as grasping,climbing,and self-cleaning through precise regulation of adhesion.Inspired by this,bioinspired adhesive microstructures have shown tremendous application potential in the rapidly advancing and highly innovative biomedical field.This paper systematically reviews the adhesion systems of biological surfaces like those of geckos and tree frogs,and conducts an in-depth analysis of the adhesion mechanisms underlying various microstructures and their corresponding bioinspired adhesives from the critical perspective of structural characteristics.It reviews different types of interfacial adhesion models,with special emphasis on the suitability of the Cantor-Borodich profile model for accurately describing multiscale hierarchical adhesive structures in diverse and complex biological systems.The paper focuses on elaborating the significant contributions of bioinspired adhesives in biomedical engineering,particularly their practical and impactful applications in wearable medical devices such as stable adhesion in dynamic physiological environments,surgical instruments such as low-damage soft tissue gripping,and drug delivery systems such as enhanced transdermal delivery efficiency.Additionally,it outlines current development prospects and key challenges such as long-term biocompatibility,environmental adaptability,and structure-function synergistic optimization,providing new ideas and valuable references for further research and application of bioinspired adhesive microstructures in biomedical engineering.
基金the Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at University of Bisha for supporting this work through the Fast-Track Research Support Programthe Deanship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University,Arar,KSA for funding this research work through the project number“NBU-FFR-2025-2903-09”.
文摘Network-on-Chip(NoC)systems are progressively deployed in connecting massively parallel megacore systems in the new computing architecture.As a result,application mapping has become an important aspect of performance and scalability,as current trends require the distribution of computation across network nodes/points.In this paper,we survey a large number of mapping and scheduling techniques designed for NoC architectures.This time,we concentrated on 3D systems.We take a systematic literature review approach to analyze existing methods across static,dynamic,hybrid,and machine-learning-based approaches,alongside preliminary AI-based dynamic models in recent works.We classify them into several main aspects covering power-aware mapping,fault tolerance,load-balancing,and adaptive for dynamic workloads.Also,we assess the efficacy of each method against performance parameters,such as latency,throughput,response time,and error rate.Key challenges,including energy efficiency,real-time adaptability,and reinforcement learning integration,are highlighted as well.To the best of our knowledge,this is one of the recent reviews that identifies both traditional and AI-based algorithms for mapping over a modern NoC,and opens research challenges.Finally,we provide directions for future work toward improved adaptability and scalability via lightweight learned models and hierarchical mapping frameworks.
基金support from the Contract Research(“Development of Breathable Fabrics with Nano-Electrospun Membrane”,CityU ref.:9231419“Research and application of antibacterial and healing-promoting smart nanofiber dressing for children’s burn wounds”,CityU ref:PJ9240111)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(“Study of Multi-Responsive Shape Memory Polyurethane Nanocomposites Inspired by Natural Fibers”,Grant No.51673162)Startup Grant of CityU(“Laboratory of Wearable Materials for Healthcare”,Grant No.9380116).
文摘Radiative cooling systems(RCSs)possess the distinctive capability to dissipate heat energy via solar and thermal radiation,making them suitable for thermal regulation and energy conservation applications,essential for mitigating the energy crisis.A comprehensive review connecting the advancements in engineered radiative cooling systems(ERCSs),encompassing material and structural design as well as thermal and energy-related applications,is currently absent.Herein,this review begins with a concise summary of the essential concepts of ERCSs,followed by an introduction to engineered materials and structures,containing nature-inspired designs,chromatic materials,meta-structural configurations,and multilayered constructions.It subsequently encapsulates the primary applications,including thermal-regulating textiles and energy-saving devices.Next,it highlights the challenges of ERCSs,including maximized thermoregulatory effects,environmental adaptability,scalability and sustainability,and interdisciplinary integration.It seeks to offer direction for forthcoming fundamental research and industrial advancement of radiative cooling systems in real-world applications.
文摘Objective: To analyze the impact of whole-process nursing on the rescue of emergency critically ill patients by setting a control group and an experimental group and comparing their experimental results. Methods: A total of 50 critically ill patients admitted to the Emergency Department from October 2022 to October 2023 were randomly divided into the experimental group (25 cases) and the control group (25 cases). The control group received routine nursing, while the experimental group received whole-process nursing. The rescue success rate and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results: In the experimental group, 24 patients were rescued successfully, with a success rate of 96%;in the control group, 19 patients were rescued successfully, with a success rate of 76%, showing a significant difference (χ2 = 4.1528, p = 0.0415 < 0.05). The nursing satisfaction was 92% in the experimental group and 68% in the control group. Conclusion: Whole-process nursing can effectively improve the rescue success rate of critically ill patients, enhance the satisfaction of patients and their families, and improve patients’ quality of life.
基金the financial support by Advanced Materials-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD0607400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52402305)+4 种基金the high-level innovation and entrepreneurship talent project of Qinchuangyuan(No.QCYRCXM-2023-084)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number GZB20230570 and 2024M752552Key projects of Shaanxi Province,China(2023GXLH-001)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(Program No.2024JCYBQN-0494,No.2022TD-27)the State Key Laboratory for Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment(No.EIPE23125)。
文摘High-entropy layered hydroxides(HELHs),an emerging frontier in entropy-stabilized materials derived from layered double hydroxides(LDHs),have captivated attention with their unparalleled tunability,thermodynamic stability,and electrochemical performance.The integration of the high-entropy concept into LDHs empowers HELHs to surmount the constraints of conventional materials through compositional diversity,structurally disordered configurations,and synergistic multi-element interactions.This review systematically embarks on their synthesis methodologies,functional mechanisms,and applications in energy conversion/storage and biomedicine.Advanced synthesis strategies,such as plasma-assisted hydrothermal methods,facilitate precise control over HELH architectures while supporting scalable production.HELHs demonstrate superior electrochemical performance in critical reactions,including oxygen evolution reaction,water oxidation,hydrogen evolution,and glucose electrooxidation.Future directions encompass integrating in situ characterization with simulations,leveraging machine learning for composition screening,and expanding HELHs application through interdisciplinary collaborations.This work establishes a comprehensive roadmap for advancing HELHs as next-generation multifunctional platforms for sustainable energy and biomedical technologies.
基金supported by the King Khalid University,Abha,Saudi Arabiathe Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Groups Project under grant number(R.G.P.2/335/46)the Guangdong Office of Research Projects at the Provincial University(No.2024KCXTD064)。
文摘Conjugated microporous polymers(CMPs)are a unique class of organic porous materials characterized byπ-conjugated structures and permanent micropores,distinguishing them from non-porous polymers and conventionalπ-conjugated polymers.CMPs offer extensive versatility in synthetic approaches,enabling the synthesis of cross-linked and mesoporous structures.Advances in chemical processes,structural design,and synthesis methodologies have been developed,resulting in a diverse range of CMPs with unique configurations and properties,contributing to the fast expansion of the field.CMPs are particularly notable for their ability to enable the competitive utilization ofπ-conjugated structures within mesoporous configurations,making them valuable for investigations across various domains.They have shown considerable promise in addressing fuel and environmental challenges,demonstrated by their exceptional performance in applications such as vapor adsorption,heterogeneous catalysis,light emission,light harvesting,and energy generation.This review examines the chemical engineering principles underlying CMPs,including synthesis approaches,systemic research advancements,multifunctional investigations boundaries,potential applications,and progress in synthesis,dimensionality,and morphology studies.Specifically,it offers a comparative analysis of CMPs and linear polymeric materials,aiding in the development of functional polymers.Furthermore,this review explores the primary fundamental limitations of CMPs in fuel-related domains and discusses alternative strategies,including novel synthesis methods incorporating interactions and morphologies,to address these challenges.Ultimately,this assessment aims to provide a valuable and inspiring resource for professionals in the field of fuel management,guiding future research and development efforts.
文摘Liver transplantation(LT)remains the optimal life-saving intervention for patients with end-stage liver disease.Despite the recent advances in LT several barriers,including organ allocation,donor-recipient matching,and patient education,persist.With the growing progress of artificial intelligence,particularly large language models(LLMs)like ChatGPT,new applications have emerged in the field of LT.Current studies demonstrating usage of ChatGPT in LT include various areas of application,from clinical settings to research and education.ChatGPT usage can benefit both healthcare professionals,by decreasing the time spent on non-clinical work,but also LT recipients by providing accurate information.Future potential applications include the expanding usage of ChatGPT and other LLMs in the field of LT pathology and radiology as well as the automated creation of discharge summaries or other related paperwork.Additionally,the next models of ChatGPT might have the potential to provide more accurate patient education material with increased readability.Although ChatGPT usage presents promising applications,there are certain ethical and practical limitations.Key concerns include patient data privacy,information accuracy,misinformation possibility and lack of legal framework.Healthcare providers and policymakers should collaborate for the establishment of a controlled framework for the safe use of ChatGPT.The aim of this minireview is to summarize current literature on ChatGPT in LT,highlighting both opportunities and limitations,while also providing future possible applications.
