Population aging has become a global social problem, the problem in our country has become the core of the aging problem. With the gradual aging of the elderly, loss of energy, loss of energy has become the norm for t...Population aging has become a global social problem, the problem in our country has become the core of the aging problem. With the gradual aging of the elderly, loss of energy, loss of energy has become the norm for the elderly or sick elderly. According to the Ministry of Civil Affairs statistics, as of the end of 2014, the number of disabled elderly in China reached 35 million, about 90% of the disabled elderly need professional care services and professional treatment to ease the pain. In order to deal with the social problems brought about by the aging of the population, in July 1, 2012, Qingdao City, the first in the country to establish a long-term health care insurance system, has taken a key step to crack the problem of aging. In this paper, the situation of Qingdao long term care insurance system as the research object, taking Qingdao city as study sites, according to statistical data analysis of the implementation effect of long-term local health care policy, and through questionnaires and interviews in the form of local residents to participate in the investigation of awareness, and perception. At the same time, the results of the survey on long-term health care insurance system in Qingdao, the operation effect of the overall analysis.展开更多
The specimens of the second generation single crystal superalloy DD6 with different Hf contents were prepared in the directionally solidified furnace with a high temperature gradient. The long term aging of the specim...The specimens of the second generation single crystal superalloy DD6 with different Hf contents were prepared in the directionally solidified furnace with a high temperature gradient. The long term aging of the specimens after full heat treatment was performed at 1040℃for 800 h. The effect of Hf on the microstructure and stress rupture properties under 980℃/250 MPa of the alloy after long term aging was investigated. The results show that the γ＇ coarsening and rafting and no topologically close packed phase （TCP） are observed in the microstructures of DD6 alloy with different Hf contents after aged at 1 040℃ for 800 h. It indicates that DD6 alloy with different Hf contents all possesses good microstructure stability. With increasing Hf content the rupture life after long term aging turns shorter and the elongation represents the increasing first and decreasing afterwards. The fracture mechanism of the alloy with different Hf contents at 980℃/250 MPa all shows dimple model. The influence of the microstructures on the stress rupture properties of the alloy is also discussed.展开更多
Background It is still controversial whether percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent （DES） is safe and effective compared to coronary artery bypass graft surgery （CABG） for unprotected left main...Background It is still controversial whether percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent （DES） is safe and effective compared to coronary artery bypass graft surgery （CABG） for unprotected left main coronary artery （ULMCA） disease at long-term follow up （≥3 years）. Methods Eligible studies were selected by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library up to December 6, 2016. The primary endpoint was a composite of death, myocardial infarction （MI） or stroke during the longest follow-up. Death, cardiac death, MI, stroke and repeat revascularization were the secondary outcomes. Results Four randomized controlled trials and twelve adjusted observational studies involving 14,130 patients were included. DES was comparable to CABG regarding the occurrence of the primary endpoint （FIR = 0.94, 95% CI： 0.86-1.03）. Besides, DES was significantly associated with higher incidence of MI （HR = 1.56, 95% CI： 1.09-2.22） and repeat revascularization （HR = 3.09, 95% CI： 2.33-4.10） compared with CABG, while no difference was found between the two strategies regard as the rate of death, cardiac death and stroke. Furthermore, DES can reduce the risk of the composite endpoint of death, MI or stroke （HR = 0.80, 95% CI： 0.67-0.95） for ULMCA lesions with SYNTAX score ≤32. Conclusions Although with higher risk of repeat revascularization, PCI with DES appears to be as safe as CABG for ULMCA disease at long-term follow up. In addition, treatment with DES could be an alternative interventional strategy to CABG for ULMCA lesions with low to intermediate anatomic complexity.展开更多
In order to achieve dynamical optimization of mobility load balancing,we analyze the conflict between mobility load balancing and mobility robustness optimization caused by the improper operation of handover parameter...In order to achieve dynamical optimization of mobility load balancing,we analyze the conflict between mobility load balancing and mobility robustness optimization caused by the improper operation of handover parameters.To this end,a method of Handover Parameters Adjustment for Conflict Avoidance(HPACA)is proposed.Considering the movement of users,HPCAC can dynamically adjust handover range to optimize the mobility load balancing.The movement of users is an important factor of handover,which has a dramatic impact on system performance.The numerical evaluation results show the proposed approach outperforms the existing method in terms of throughput,call blocking ratio,load balancing index,radio link failure ratio,ping-pong handover ratio and call dropping ratio.展开更多
The study characterized the biochemical changes associated with long term exposure to pesticides. Practical parameters of pesticides were collected using 500 questionnaires. Farmers having 10 years working period were...The study characterized the biochemical changes associated with long term exposure to pesticides. Practical parameters of pesticides were collected using 500 questionnaires. Farmers having 10 years working period were invited to a private clinic for blood sampling and enzyme analysis. All participants were male farmers of different age groups, and education levels. Occupational parameters indicated that majority of farmers used manual methods for pesticide works. About 130 pesticides are currently used in Gaza. Toxicological symptoms indicated that dizziness, headache, and nausea were dominant among farmers, whereas vomiting abdominal colic and tearing were less dominant. Acetyl Cholinesterase (ACHE) cumulatively inhibited among farmers after work whereas Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activities were above range after long term exposure. It can be concluded that long term exposure to pesticides may damage liver and kidney cells resulting in hepatic-toxicity and/or nephrotoxicity.展开更多
In this study, the characteristics of the long term discharge of a Terraced Paddy Field Catchment are studied. 2 Kind of Tank Models are proposed and used to simulate the discharge of the catchment. The characteristic...In this study, the characteristics of the long term discharge of a Terraced Paddy Field Catchment are studied. 2 Kind of Tank Models are proposed and used to simulate the discharge of the catchment. The characteristics of the model simulations of the discharge of the catchment are analyzed and compared with those of a forest catchment.展开更多
A new long term integration algorithm is proposed forhigh-dynamic targets, which can resolve the problems of spectrumspread, frequency walk and pseudorandom noise （PRN）code phase curvature caused by the motion of ta...A new long term integration algorithm is proposed forhigh-dynamic targets, which can resolve the problems of spectrumspread, frequency walk and pseudorandom noise （PRN）code phase curvature caused by the motion of targets. This algorithmfirst applies a keystone transform based improved discretepolynomial-phase transform （KT-IDPT） to estimate the Dopplerchirp rate. Then, based on the estimated Doppler chirp rate,dechirping and envelope translation are performed on the partialcorrelation results to correct the spectrum spread and the codephase curvature. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposedmethod has low integration loss and computational burden.展开更多
BACKGROUND Open ureteric reimplantation by cross trigonal technique described by Cohen is considered a common surgical option for correction of vesicoureteral reflux(VUR). There is a lack of evidence in literature tho...BACKGROUND Open ureteric reimplantation by cross trigonal technique described by Cohen is considered a common surgical option for correction of vesicoureteral reflux(VUR). There is a lack of evidence in literature though for what happens to such kidneys, in the long run, particularly those which are poorly functioning.AIM To assess the long-term outcomes of ureteric reimplantation in poorly functioning kidneys in children with unilateral primary VUR.METHODS Children with unilateral primary VUR and a relative renal function of less than 35% who underwent open or laparoscopic ureteric reimplantation between January 2005 and January 2017 were included in the study. Patients who had a follow up of less than five years were excluded. Preoperative evaluation consisted of a voiding cystourethrogram and Dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA) scan. In the follow-up period, patients underwent a diuretic scan at 6 weeks and 6 months.Follow up ultrasound was done for change in grade of hydronephrosis and retrovesical ureteric diameter. Subsequent follow up was done at 6 monthly intervals with evaluation for proteinuria and hypertension and any recurrent urinary tract infection(UTI). For assessment of cortical function, DMSA was repeated annually for 5 years after surgery. A paired-samples t-test was used to test the mean difference of DMSA between pre-post observations.RESULTS During this period, 36 children underwent ureteric reimplantation for unilateral primary VUR. After excluding those with insufficient follow-up, 31 were included in the analysis. Most of the patients were males(n = 26/31, 83.8%). Patient’s age(mean ± SD, range) was 5.21 ± 3.71, 1-18 years. The grades of VUR were grade Ⅱ(1patient), grade Ⅲ(8 patients), grade Ⅳ(10 patients), and grade Ⅴ(12 patients). The pre and postoperative DMSA was 24.064 ± 12.02 and 24.06 ± 10.93, which was almost the same(statistically equal, paired-samples t-test: P = 0.873). The median(range) follow-up duration was 82(60-120)mo. One patient had persistent reflux after surgery(preoperative: grade Ⅳ, postoperative: grade Ⅲ), and the very same patient developed recurrent UTI. The difference in the preoperative and postoperative DRF was less than 10% in 29 patients. In one patient, the DRF decreased by 17%(22% to 05%) while in another patient, the DRF increased by 12%(25% to 37%) after surgery. None of the patients had an increase in scarring after surgery. 15% of patients were hypertensive before surgery and all of them continued to be hypertensive after surgery while none developed hypertension after surgery. None of the patients had significant proteinuria(> 150 mg/d) during the follow-up period.CONCLUSION Children with unilateral primary VUR and poorly functioning kidney maintain the renal function over the long term in most cases. Hypertension and proteinuria do not progress over time in these patients.展开更多
Tests were carried out on 8 self-compacting reinforced concrete(SCC) beams and 4 normal reinforced concrete beams. The effects of mode of consolidation,load level,reinforcing ratio and structural type on long term beh...Tests were carried out on 8 self-compacting reinforced concrete(SCC) beams and 4 normal reinforced concrete beams. The effects of mode of consolidation,load level,reinforcing ratio and structural type on long term behavior of SCC were investigated. Under the same environmental conditions,the shrinkage-time curve of self-compacting concrete beam is very similar to that of normal concrete beam. For both self-compacting reinforced concrete beams and normal reinforced concrete beams,the rate of shrinkage at early stages is higher,the shrinkage strain at 2 months is about 60% of the maximum value at one year. The shrinkage strain of self-compacting reinforced concrete beam after one year is about 450×10-6. Creep deflection of self-compacting reinforced concrete beam decreases as the tensile reinforcing ratio increases. The deflection creep coefficient of self-compacting reinforced concrete beam after one and a half year is about 1.6,which is very close to that of normal reinforced concrete beams cast with vibration. Extra cautions considering shrinkage and creep behavior are not needed for the use of SCC in engineering practices.展开更多
Introduction: Acne vulgaris and acne scarring are prevalent conditions that can have a negative effect on a patient’s quality of life. Fractional radiofrequency technologies have been shown to be clinically safe and ...Introduction: Acne vulgaris and acne scarring are prevalent conditions that can have a negative effect on a patient’s quality of life. Fractional radiofrequency technologies have been shown to be clinically safe and effective in managing acne scars through dermal remodeling without causing direct damage to the epidermis. In a recently published study, we presented our clinical and histological results in the treatment of patients with active acne and acne related scarring using a Fractional RF (FRF) device. In the current article we demonstrate long term follow-up results, up to two years post last fractional treatment. Methods: Four out of the eight patients who completed a four treatment regimen were invited for long term follow-up visit to document treatment results. In some cases, touch-up treatments were conducted to optimize clinical results. Results: Patients demonstrated significant improvement of acne lesions, acne scarring, pores and skin texture. Long term photos demonstrated that clinical improvement progressed with time. Conclusion: The current study further supports the previous findings that FRF is a safe and effective treatment modality for active acne and acne related scars. Treatment protocol can be customized according to patient needs and clinical results last for long term.展开更多
This paper assesses 4 years of operation of a 1.75 kW roof top solar PV system installed in a Sydney suburban house. The system consists of 10 PV panels, a DC/AC inverter, and a grid connected gross meter. Solar elect...This paper assesses 4 years of operation of a 1.75 kW roof top solar PV system installed in a Sydney suburban house. The system consists of 10 PV panels, a DC/AC inverter, and a grid connected gross meter. Solar electricity delivered to grid is verified with the results from a computer simulation package （PVSYST） by adopting the installed component specifications, operation conditions, and weather data of the site. The results show high consistency between the values of energy delivered to the grid measured by the energy company and the energy estimated by system simulation. New system performance indicator is developed and called the optimum performance compliance ratio （PCR）. It is a measure of the compliance of the output of the designed PV system with the output which would be produced by the same system with a solar tracker. This indicator provides system designers, contractors and energy providers with the actual capacity of the system that they can offer the end-users.展开更多
Neutralizing antibodies are considered to be an important protective parameter used in HIV-1 vaccine evaluation. However, the exact role that neutralizing antibodies plays in controlling the disease progression of HIV...Neutralizing antibodies are considered to be an important protective parameter used in HIV-1 vaccine evaluation. However, the exact role that neutralizing antibodies plays in controlling the disease progression of HIV-1 infected peoples is still undetermined. In this paper, we compared the protective function of the neutralizing antibody response in the plasma from LTNP and TP against clade B and clade C pseudoviruses. No difference in the neutralizing activities between the plasma from LTNP and TP was found, which was consistent with the most recent reports. In addition, no correlations between the titer or breadth and CD4+ or viral load in HIV-1 infected individuals were found. The protective roles played by neutralizing antibodies in controlling disease progression of HIV-1 infected people need to be considered in a new viewpoint.展开更多
Numerical modelling of coastal morphology is a complex and sometimes unrewarding exercise and often not yielding tangible results. Typically, the underlying drivers of morphology are not properly accounted for in nume...Numerical modelling of coastal morphology is a complex and sometimes unrewarding exercise and often not yielding tangible results. Typically, the underlying drivers of morphology are not properly accounted for in numerical models. Such inaccuracies combined with a paucity of validation data create a difficulty for coastal planners/engineers who are required to interpret such morphological models to develop coastal management strategies. This study develops an approach to long term morphological modelling of a barrier beach system that includes the findings of over 10 years of coastal monitoring on a dynamic coastal system. The novel approach to predicting the long term evolution of the area combines a mix of short term hydrodynamic monitoring and long term morphological modelling to predict future changes in a breached barrier system. A coupled wave, wind, hydrodynamic and sediment transport numerical model was used to predict the coastal evolution in the dynamic barrier beach system of Inner Dingle Bay, Co. Kerry, Ireland. The modelling approach utilizes the schematisation of inputs to reflect observed trends. The approach is subject to two stages of validation both quantitative and qualitative. The study highlights the importance of considering all the parameters responsible for driving coastal evolution and the necessity to have long term monitoring results for trend based validation.展开更多
Drainage layers provide permanent relief of hydrostatic water pressure, while the waterproof liner prevents any ingress of water into the tunnel. The durability and aging resistance of drainage membranes are of primar...Drainage layers provide permanent relief of hydrostatic water pressure, while the waterproof liner prevents any ingress of water into the tunnel. The durability and aging resistance of drainage membranes are of primary concern. This paper describes advantages and concerns related to the usage of, and the design with, polymeric drainboards in tunnel construction. Common degradation mechanisms associated with HDPE （high density polyethylene） sheets are described. The stringent requirements for the Gotthard Alpine Railway Tunnel through the Swiss Alps, e.g., high ambient temperatures of up to 45 ℃ and an expected service life of up to 100 years require outstanding aging resistance of polymeric drainage materials. The paper describes the methods deployed to investigate the long-term performance of HDPE drainboards, focusing on aging mechanisms. Details associated with the test procedures developed to reflect the specific properties of drainboards, as well as the results obtained, are presented. A summary table shows recommended product specifications needed to confine the aging properties of drainboards and to design a system performing adequately during the entire lifetime of the structure.展开更多
The earthquakes with Ms≥6.0 are often gathered into belts or clusters and are roughly consistent with tectonic structure trends in the Sichuan-Yunnan (Chuan-Dian) region. The middle south part(98°-106°E, 21...The earthquakes with Ms≥6.0 are often gathered into belts or clusters and are roughly consistent with tectonic structure trends in the Sichuan-Yunnan (Chuan-Dian) region. The middle south part(98°-106°E, 21°-34°N) of South-North Seismic Zone can be zoned into seven small areas. There all were strong quakes with M_s≥7.0 historically in each small area. Ten earthquakes with M_s≥7.0 have occurred in this region since 1970 and they appeared in five small areas respectively. The relationships between occurrence-time and cumulative frequencies of strong quakes in these five areas are shown to be an exponential distribution or power function. By examining the inner coincidence it is indicated that these relationships are of definite significance to mid-long term macroseismic prediction of each area.展开更多
Earthquake activities in history are characterized by active and quiet periods. In the quiet period, the place where earthquake M_≥6 occurred means more elastic energy store and speedy energy accumulation there. When...Earthquake activities in history are characterized by active and quiet periods. In the quiet period, the place where earthquake M_≥6 occurred means more elastic energy store and speedy energy accumulation there. When an active period of big earthquake activity appeared in wide region, in the place where earthquake (M_≥6) occurred in the past quiet period, the big earthquake with magnitude of 7 or more often occur there. We call the above-mentioned judgement for predicting big earthquake the 'criterion of activity in quiescence'. The criterion is relatively effective for predicting location of big earthquake. In general, error of predicting epicenter is no more than 100 km. According to the criterion, we made successfully a middle-term prediction on the 1996 Lijiang earthquake in Yunnan Province, the error of predicted location is about 50 km. Besides, the 1994 Taiwan strait earthquake (M_s=7.3), the 1995 Yunnan-Myanmar boundary earthquake (M_s=7.2) and the Mani earthquake (M_s=7.9) in north Tibet are accordant with the retrospective predictions by the 'criterion of activity in quiescence'. The windows of 'activity in quiescence' identified statistically by us are 1940-1945, 1958-1961 and 1979-1986. Using the 'criterion of activity in quiescence' to predict big earthquake in the mainland of China,the earthquake defined by 'activity in quiescence' has magnitude of 6 or more; For the Himalayas seismic belt, the Pacific seismic belt and the north-west boundary seismic belt of Xinjiang, the earthquake defined by 'activity in quiescence' has magnitude of 7, which is corresponding to earthquake with magnitude of much more than 7 in future. For the regions where there are not tectonically and historically a possibility of occurring big earthquake (M_s=7), the criterion of activity in quiescence is not effective.展开更多
The leading role of undertaking most part of business activities bytapping fund through public listing for Guangdong Enterprises(Holdings)Limited.(here-in-after called GDE)is Played by one of its affiliate,GuangdongIn...The leading role of undertaking most part of business activities bytapping fund through public listing for Guangdong Enterprises(Holdings)Limited.(here-in-after called GDE)is Played by one of its affiliate,GuangdongInvestment Limited (Here-in-after called GDI).In ten years of activeties,GDIPolicy makers deeply felt that their supreme responsibility was to create thebiggest wealth at present and in the future for the property owner,to achievethe biggest increase of property value,and in the meantime to contribute a bitfor the continuous progress of society.展开更多
1990s, Germany is facing a serious problem of population aging, in 1995, of the population over the age of 60 in Germany, the proportion of the total population is as high as 21%, the proportion is expected to rise to...1990s, Germany is facing a serious problem of population aging, in 1995, of the population over the age of 60 in Germany, the proportion of the total population is as high as 21%, the proportion is expected to rise to 36% in 2030. The growing demand for long-term care services by the rapid aging of population is the basic background of the introduction of the long-term care insurance system in Germany.展开更多
Discussion plays an important role in the process of cadre education and training. Medium - and long-term training courses can organize students to carry out segmented discussion around a topic, with the goal of outpu...Discussion plays an important role in the process of cadre education and training. Medium - and long-term training courses can organize students to carry out segmented discussion around a topic, with the goal of output, to realize the application of knowledge. This paper introduces the practice and application of segmental discussion in mid - and long-term training courses, providing reference and inspiration for the implementation of high quality cadre education and training.展开更多
文摘Population aging has become a global social problem, the problem in our country has become the core of the aging problem. With the gradual aging of the elderly, loss of energy, loss of energy has become the norm for the elderly or sick elderly. According to the Ministry of Civil Affairs statistics, as of the end of 2014, the number of disabled elderly in China reached 35 million, about 90% of the disabled elderly need professional care services and professional treatment to ease the pain. In order to deal with the social problems brought about by the aging of the population, in July 1, 2012, Qingdao City, the first in the country to establish a long-term health care insurance system, has taken a key step to crack the problem of aging. In this paper, the situation of Qingdao long term care insurance system as the research object, taking Qingdao city as study sites, according to statistical data analysis of the implementation effect of long-term local health care policy, and through questionnaires and interviews in the form of local residents to participate in the investigation of awareness, and perception. At the same time, the results of the survey on long-term health care insurance system in Qingdao, the operation effect of the overall analysis.
文摘The specimens of the second generation single crystal superalloy DD6 with different Hf contents were prepared in the directionally solidified furnace with a high temperature gradient. The long term aging of the specimens after full heat treatment was performed at 1040℃for 800 h. The effect of Hf on the microstructure and stress rupture properties under 980℃/250 MPa of the alloy after long term aging was investigated. The results show that the γ＇ coarsening and rafting and no topologically close packed phase （TCP） are observed in the microstructures of DD6 alloy with different Hf contents after aged at 1 040℃ for 800 h. It indicates that DD6 alloy with different Hf contents all possesses good microstructure stability. With increasing Hf content the rupture life after long term aging turns shorter and the elongation represents the increasing first and decreasing afterwards. The fracture mechanism of the alloy with different Hf contents at 980℃/250 MPa all shows dimple model. The influence of the microstructures on the stress rupture properties of the alloy is also discussed.
文摘Background It is still controversial whether percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent （DES） is safe and effective compared to coronary artery bypass graft surgery （CABG） for unprotected left main coronary artery （ULMCA） disease at long-term follow up （≥3 years）. Methods Eligible studies were selected by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library up to December 6, 2016. The primary endpoint was a composite of death, myocardial infarction （MI） or stroke during the longest follow-up. Death, cardiac death, MI, stroke and repeat revascularization were the secondary outcomes. Results Four randomized controlled trials and twelve adjusted observational studies involving 14,130 patients were included. DES was comparable to CABG regarding the occurrence of the primary endpoint （FIR = 0.94, 95% CI： 0.86-1.03）. Besides, DES was significantly associated with higher incidence of MI （HR = 1.56, 95% CI： 1.09-2.22） and repeat revascularization （HR = 3.09, 95% CI： 2.33-4.10） compared with CABG, while no difference was found between the two strategies regard as the rate of death, cardiac death and stroke. Furthermore, DES can reduce the risk of the composite endpoint of death, MI or stroke （HR = 0.80, 95% CI： 0.67-0.95） for ULMCA lesions with SYNTAX score ≤32. Conclusions Although with higher risk of repeat revascularization, PCI with DES appears to be as safe as CABG for ULMCA disease at long-term follow up. In addition, treatment with DES could be an alternative interventional strategy to CABG for ULMCA lesions with low to intermediate anatomic complexity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61071118the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)under Grant No.2012CB316004+1 种基金Special Fund of Chongqing Key Laboratory(CSTC)Chongqing Municipal Education Commission’s Science and Technology Research Project under Grant No.KJ111506
文摘In order to achieve dynamical optimization of mobility load balancing,we analyze the conflict between mobility load balancing and mobility robustness optimization caused by the improper operation of handover parameters.To this end,a method of Handover Parameters Adjustment for Conflict Avoidance(HPACA)is proposed.Considering the movement of users,HPCAC can dynamically adjust handover range to optimize the mobility load balancing.The movement of users is an important factor of handover,which has a dramatic impact on system performance.The numerical evaluation results show the proposed approach outperforms the existing method in terms of throughput,call blocking ratio,load balancing index,radio link failure ratio,ping-pong handover ratio and call dropping ratio.
文摘The study characterized the biochemical changes associated with long term exposure to pesticides. Practical parameters of pesticides were collected using 500 questionnaires. Farmers having 10 years working period were invited to a private clinic for blood sampling and enzyme analysis. All participants were male farmers of different age groups, and education levels. Occupational parameters indicated that majority of farmers used manual methods for pesticide works. About 130 pesticides are currently used in Gaza. Toxicological symptoms indicated that dizziness, headache, and nausea were dominant among farmers, whereas vomiting abdominal colic and tearing were less dominant. Acetyl Cholinesterase (ACHE) cumulatively inhibited among farmers after work whereas Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activities were above range after long term exposure. It can be concluded that long term exposure to pesticides may damage liver and kidney cells resulting in hepatic-toxicity and/or nephrotoxicity.
文摘In this study, the characteristics of the long term discharge of a Terraced Paddy Field Catchment are studied. 2 Kind of Tank Models are proposed and used to simulate the discharge of the catchment. The characteristics of the model simulations of the discharge of the catchment are analyzed and compared with those of a forest catchment.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(4164097)the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2016M591226)
文摘A new long term integration algorithm is proposed forhigh-dynamic targets, which can resolve the problems of spectrumspread, frequency walk and pseudorandom noise （PRN）code phase curvature caused by the motion of targets. This algorithmfirst applies a keystone transform based improved discretepolynomial-phase transform （KT-IDPT） to estimate the Dopplerchirp rate. Then, based on the estimated Doppler chirp rate,dechirping and envelope translation are performed on the partialcorrelation results to correct the spectrum spread and the codephase curvature. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposedmethod has low integration loss and computational burden.
文摘BACKGROUND Open ureteric reimplantation by cross trigonal technique described by Cohen is considered a common surgical option for correction of vesicoureteral reflux(VUR). There is a lack of evidence in literature though for what happens to such kidneys, in the long run, particularly those which are poorly functioning.AIM To assess the long-term outcomes of ureteric reimplantation in poorly functioning kidneys in children with unilateral primary VUR.METHODS Children with unilateral primary VUR and a relative renal function of less than 35% who underwent open or laparoscopic ureteric reimplantation between January 2005 and January 2017 were included in the study. Patients who had a follow up of less than five years were excluded. Preoperative evaluation consisted of a voiding cystourethrogram and Dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA) scan. In the follow-up period, patients underwent a diuretic scan at 6 weeks and 6 months.Follow up ultrasound was done for change in grade of hydronephrosis and retrovesical ureteric diameter. Subsequent follow up was done at 6 monthly intervals with evaluation for proteinuria and hypertension and any recurrent urinary tract infection(UTI). For assessment of cortical function, DMSA was repeated annually for 5 years after surgery. A paired-samples t-test was used to test the mean difference of DMSA between pre-post observations.RESULTS During this period, 36 children underwent ureteric reimplantation for unilateral primary VUR. After excluding those with insufficient follow-up, 31 were included in the analysis. Most of the patients were males(n = 26/31, 83.8%). Patient’s age(mean ± SD, range) was 5.21 ± 3.71, 1-18 years. The grades of VUR were grade Ⅱ(1patient), grade Ⅲ(8 patients), grade Ⅳ(10 patients), and grade Ⅴ(12 patients). The pre and postoperative DMSA was 24.064 ± 12.02 and 24.06 ± 10.93, which was almost the same(statistically equal, paired-samples t-test: P = 0.873). The median(range) follow-up duration was 82(60-120)mo. One patient had persistent reflux after surgery(preoperative: grade Ⅳ, postoperative: grade Ⅲ), and the very same patient developed recurrent UTI. The difference in the preoperative and postoperative DRF was less than 10% in 29 patients. In one patient, the DRF decreased by 17%(22% to 05%) while in another patient, the DRF increased by 12%(25% to 37%) after surgery. None of the patients had an increase in scarring after surgery. 15% of patients were hypertensive before surgery and all of them continued to be hypertensive after surgery while none developed hypertension after surgery. None of the patients had significant proteinuria(> 150 mg/d) during the follow-up period.CONCLUSION Children with unilateral primary VUR and poorly functioning kidney maintain the renal function over the long term in most cases. Hypertension and proteinuria do not progress over time in these patients.
基金Project(50278097) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Tests were carried out on 8 self-compacting reinforced concrete(SCC) beams and 4 normal reinforced concrete beams. The effects of mode of consolidation,load level,reinforcing ratio and structural type on long term behavior of SCC were investigated. Under the same environmental conditions,the shrinkage-time curve of self-compacting concrete beam is very similar to that of normal concrete beam. For both self-compacting reinforced concrete beams and normal reinforced concrete beams,the rate of shrinkage at early stages is higher,the shrinkage strain at 2 months is about 60% of the maximum value at one year. The shrinkage strain of self-compacting reinforced concrete beam after one year is about 450×10-6. Creep deflection of self-compacting reinforced concrete beam decreases as the tensile reinforcing ratio increases. The deflection creep coefficient of self-compacting reinforced concrete beam after one and a half year is about 1.6,which is very close to that of normal reinforced concrete beams cast with vibration. Extra cautions considering shrinkage and creep behavior are not needed for the use of SCC in engineering practices.
文摘Introduction: Acne vulgaris and acne scarring are prevalent conditions that can have a negative effect on a patient’s quality of life. Fractional radiofrequency technologies have been shown to be clinically safe and effective in managing acne scars through dermal remodeling without causing direct damage to the epidermis. In a recently published study, we presented our clinical and histological results in the treatment of patients with active acne and acne related scarring using a Fractional RF (FRF) device. In the current article we demonstrate long term follow-up results, up to two years post last fractional treatment. Methods: Four out of the eight patients who completed a four treatment regimen were invited for long term follow-up visit to document treatment results. In some cases, touch-up treatments were conducted to optimize clinical results. Results: Patients demonstrated significant improvement of acne lesions, acne scarring, pores and skin texture. Long term photos demonstrated that clinical improvement progressed with time. Conclusion: The current study further supports the previous findings that FRF is a safe and effective treatment modality for active acne and acne related scars. Treatment protocol can be customized according to patient needs and clinical results last for long term.
文摘This paper assesses 4 years of operation of a 1.75 kW roof top solar PV system installed in a Sydney suburban house. The system consists of 10 PV panels, a DC/AC inverter, and a grid connected gross meter. Solar electricity delivered to grid is verified with the results from a computer simulation package （PVSYST） by adopting the installed component specifications, operation conditions, and weather data of the site. The results show high consistency between the values of energy delivered to the grid measured by the energy company and the energy estimated by system simulation. New system performance indicator is developed and called the optimum performance compliance ratio （PCR）. It is a measure of the compliance of the output of the designed PV system with the output which would be produced by the same system with a solar tracker. This indicator provides system designers, contractors and energy providers with the actual capacity of the system that they can offer the end-users.
基金supported in part by the National Key S&T Special Projects on Major Infectious Diseases (Grant No. 2008ZX10001-002, 2008ZX10001-012)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30700706)
文摘Neutralizing antibodies are considered to be an important protective parameter used in HIV-1 vaccine evaluation. However, the exact role that neutralizing antibodies plays in controlling the disease progression of HIV-1 infected peoples is still undetermined. In this paper, we compared the protective function of the neutralizing antibody response in the plasma from LTNP and TP against clade B and clade C pseudoviruses. No difference in the neutralizing activities between the plasma from LTNP and TP was found, which was consistent with the most recent reports. In addition, no correlations between the titer or breadth and CD4+ or viral load in HIV-1 infected individuals were found. The protective roles played by neutralizing antibodies in controlling disease progression of HIV-1 infected people need to be considered in a new viewpoint.
文摘Numerical modelling of coastal morphology is a complex and sometimes unrewarding exercise and often not yielding tangible results. Typically, the underlying drivers of morphology are not properly accounted for in numerical models. Such inaccuracies combined with a paucity of validation data create a difficulty for coastal planners/engineers who are required to interpret such morphological models to develop coastal management strategies. This study develops an approach to long term morphological modelling of a barrier beach system that includes the findings of over 10 years of coastal monitoring on a dynamic coastal system. The novel approach to predicting the long term evolution of the area combines a mix of short term hydrodynamic monitoring and long term morphological modelling to predict future changes in a breached barrier system. A coupled wave, wind, hydrodynamic and sediment transport numerical model was used to predict the coastal evolution in the dynamic barrier beach system of Inner Dingle Bay, Co. Kerry, Ireland. The modelling approach utilizes the schematisation of inputs to reflect observed trends. The approach is subject to two stages of validation both quantitative and qualitative. The study highlights the importance of considering all the parameters responsible for driving coastal evolution and the necessity to have long term monitoring results for trend based validation.
文摘Drainage layers provide permanent relief of hydrostatic water pressure, while the waterproof liner prevents any ingress of water into the tunnel. The durability and aging resistance of drainage membranes are of primary concern. This paper describes advantages and concerns related to the usage of, and the design with, polymeric drainboards in tunnel construction. Common degradation mechanisms associated with HDPE （high density polyethylene） sheets are described. The stringent requirements for the Gotthard Alpine Railway Tunnel through the Swiss Alps, e.g., high ambient temperatures of up to 45 ℃ and an expected service life of up to 100 years require outstanding aging resistance of polymeric drainage materials. The paper describes the methods deployed to investigate the long-term performance of HDPE drainboards, focusing on aging mechanisms. Details associated with the test procedures developed to reflect the specific properties of drainboards, as well as the results obtained, are presented. A summary table shows recommended product specifications needed to confine the aging properties of drainboards and to design a system performing adequately during the entire lifetime of the structure.
文摘The earthquakes with Ms≥6.0 are often gathered into belts or clusters and are roughly consistent with tectonic structure trends in the Sichuan-Yunnan (Chuan-Dian) region. The middle south part(98°-106°E, 21°-34°N) of South-North Seismic Zone can be zoned into seven small areas. There all were strong quakes with M_s≥7.0 historically in each small area. Ten earthquakes with M_s≥7.0 have occurred in this region since 1970 and they appeared in five small areas respectively. The relationships between occurrence-time and cumulative frequencies of strong quakes in these five areas are shown to be an exponential distribution or power function. By examining the inner coincidence it is indicated that these relationships are of definite significance to mid-long term macroseismic prediction of each area.
基金State Natural Science Foundation of China!(49674210).
文摘Earthquake activities in history are characterized by active and quiet periods. In the quiet period, the place where earthquake M_≥6 occurred means more elastic energy store and speedy energy accumulation there. When an active period of big earthquake activity appeared in wide region, in the place where earthquake (M_≥6) occurred in the past quiet period, the big earthquake with magnitude of 7 or more often occur there. We call the above-mentioned judgement for predicting big earthquake the 'criterion of activity in quiescence'. The criterion is relatively effective for predicting location of big earthquake. In general, error of predicting epicenter is no more than 100 km. According to the criterion, we made successfully a middle-term prediction on the 1996 Lijiang earthquake in Yunnan Province, the error of predicted location is about 50 km. Besides, the 1994 Taiwan strait earthquake (M_s=7.3), the 1995 Yunnan-Myanmar boundary earthquake (M_s=7.2) and the Mani earthquake (M_s=7.9) in north Tibet are accordant with the retrospective predictions by the 'criterion of activity in quiescence'. The windows of 'activity in quiescence' identified statistically by us are 1940-1945, 1958-1961 and 1979-1986. Using the 'criterion of activity in quiescence' to predict big earthquake in the mainland of China,the earthquake defined by 'activity in quiescence' has magnitude of 6 or more; For the Himalayas seismic belt, the Pacific seismic belt and the north-west boundary seismic belt of Xinjiang, the earthquake defined by 'activity in quiescence' has magnitude of 7, which is corresponding to earthquake with magnitude of much more than 7 in future. For the regions where there are not tectonically and historically a possibility of occurring big earthquake (M_s=7), the criterion of activity in quiescence is not effective.
文摘The leading role of undertaking most part of business activities bytapping fund through public listing for Guangdong Enterprises(Holdings)Limited.(here-in-after called GDE)is Played by one of its affiliate,GuangdongInvestment Limited (Here-in-after called GDI).In ten years of activeties,GDIPolicy makers deeply felt that their supreme responsibility was to create thebiggest wealth at present and in the future for the property owner,to achievethe biggest increase of property value,and in the meantime to contribute a bitfor the continuous progress of society.
文摘1990s, Germany is facing a serious problem of population aging, in 1995, of the population over the age of 60 in Germany, the proportion of the total population is as high as 21%, the proportion is expected to rise to 36% in 2030. The growing demand for long-term care services by the rapid aging of population is the basic background of the introduction of the long-term care insurance system in Germany.
文摘Discussion plays an important role in the process of cadre education and training. Medium - and long-term training courses can organize students to carry out segmented discussion around a topic, with the goal of output, to realize the application of knowledge. This paper introduces the practice and application of segmental discussion in mid - and long-term training courses, providing reference and inspiration for the implementation of high quality cadre education and training.
