New electronic devices based on the physical properties of electrically driven skyrmions are promising for logic computing and nonvolatile memory applications.However,achieving efficient and practical compute-storage ...New electronic devices based on the physical properties of electrically driven skyrmions are promising for logic computing and nonvolatile memory applications.However,achieving efficient and practical compute-storage integration remains challenging owing to the structural complexity,limited functionality,and low flexibility observed in most skyrmion-based devices.In this study,we designed a novel device architecture that integrates seven basic logic gates into a unified physical structure.Their operation can be enabled by physical mechanisms,such as spin-orbit torque,spin-transfer torque,skyrmion-edge repulsions,and skyrmion-skyrmion interactions.Furthermore,by incorporating voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy,the device achieved multi-input capability and reconfigurability functionality.Ultralow power consumption(<1 fJ/bit per logic function)and extremely high logic density were achieved.Significantly,the compatibility of this nanotrack design with existing skyrmion racetrack memory paves the way for advanced in-memory computing in spintronic architectures.展开更多
In recent years,acoustic logic gates has attracted growing interest in acoustics due to their promising applications in acoustic communication and signal processing.For practical implementation,these logic gates must ...In recent years,acoustic logic gates has attracted growing interest in acoustics due to their promising applications in acoustic communication and signal processing.For practical implementation,these logic gates must operate over a certain bandwidth to ensure reliable performance.However,current experimental realizations have predominantly been confined to single-frequency or narrowband operation,leaving their broadband capabilities largely unverified.To address this gap,we present both numerical and experimental demonstrations of three basic acoustic logic gates(OR,NOT,and AND)using a phased unit cell composed of a central channel flanked by two arrays of semicircular cavities.By leveraging phase modulation of the unit cells and linear interference of sound,we achieve these logic operations with a uniform threshold of I_(t)=0.25.Remarkably,the measured fractional bandwidths(bandwidth relative to center frequency)reach approximately 111.5%(OR),37.2%(NOT),and 48.5%(AND),demonstrating ultra-broadband functionality.The proposed logic gates combine exceptional bandwidth with structural simplicity,offering significant potential for applications in acoustic computing,information processing,and integrated acoustic systems.展开更多
In this paper,we propose a fuzzy logic-based coded event-triggered control with self-adjustable prescribed performance(FL-CEC-SPP)to address the trade-off between control performance and communication efficiency in re...In this paper,we propose a fuzzy logic-based coded event-triggered control with self-adjustable prescribed performance(FL-CEC-SPP)to address the trade-off between control performance and communication efficiency in resource-constrained networked control systems.The method integrates a fuzzy-coded event-triggered controller into a coded control framework to dynamically adjust the triggering threshold,thereby reducing unnecessary transmissions while maintaining system stability.A self-adjustable prescribed performance constraint is also incorporated to ensure that the tracking error remains within predefined bounds under arbitrary initial conditions.Theoretical analyses and simulation comparisons show that the method proposed in this paper maintains good tracking performance and stability while reducing the communication burden,and has wide applications in resource-constrained network control systems.展开更多
This paper explores the algebraic essence of universal logic functions(ULFs)from an algebraic perspective.Under the framework of semi-tensor product of matrices,the“sequential nature”of ULFs is revealed.Utilizing th...This paper explores the algebraic essence of universal logic functions(ULFs)from an algebraic perspective.Under the framework of semi-tensor product of matrices,the“sequential nature”of ULFs is revealed.Utilizing the nature,a technique called universal transformation method is proposed,by which any ULF can be transformed into an equivalent expression with desired features that facilitate achieving specific objectives,such as modeling,analyzing and synthesizing universal logical systems.Furthermore,several useful logical operators are constructed in a mixed-dimensional situation,including power-raising operator,power-descending operator,erasure operator,and appending operator.Finally,these results are applied to model and analyze finite state machines and their networks,which demonstrate the practical value of the method and operators.展开更多
Olfactory cues that indicate predation risk elicit a number of defensive behaviors in fishes, but whether they are sufficient to also induce morphological defenses has received little attention. Cichlids are character...Olfactory cues that indicate predation risk elicit a number of defensive behaviors in fishes, but whether they are sufficient to also induce morphological defenses has received little attention. Cichlids are characterized by a high level of morphological plasticity during development, and the few species that have been tested do exhibit defensive behaviors when exposed to alarm cues released from the damaged skin of conspecifics. We utilized young juvenile Nicaragua cichlids Hypsophrys nicaraguensis to test if the perception of predation risk from alarm cue （conspecific skin extract） alone induces an increased relative body depth which is a defense against gape-limited predators. After two weeks of exposure, siblings that were exposed to conspecific alarm cue increased their relative body depth nearly double the amount of those exposed to distilled water （control） and zebrafish Danio rerio alarm cue. We repeated our measurements over the last two weeks （12 and 14） of cue exposure when the fish were late-stage juveniles to test if the rate of increase was sustained; there were no differences in final dimensions between the three treatments. Our results show that 1） the Nicaragua cichlid has an innate response to conspecific alarm cue which is not a generalized response to an injured fish, and 2） this innate recognition ultimately results in developing a deeper body at a stage of the life history where predation risk is high [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 36-42, 2010].展开更多
This article explores the design of a wireless fire alarm system supported by advanced data fusion technology.It includes discussions on the basic design ideas of the wireless fire alarm system,hardware design analysi...This article explores the design of a wireless fire alarm system supported by advanced data fusion technology.It includes discussions on the basic design ideas of the wireless fire alarm system,hardware design analysis,software design analysis,and simulation analysis,all supported by data fusion technology.Hopefully,this analysis can provide some reference for the rational application of data fusion technology to meet the actual design and application requirements of the system.展开更多
In industrial control systems,such as power transmission facilities and water treatment plants,Programmable Logic Controllers(PLCs)can work consistently and stably over long periods if there are no faults.Black-box id...In industrial control systems,such as power transmission facilities and water treatment plants,Programmable Logic Controllers(PLCs)can work consistently and stably over long periods if there are no faults.Black-box identification aims to automatically construct Petri net models with the help of I/O signals from PLC devices only.The main challenge is how to convert the infinitely long PLC signals into an event sequence,which is the foundation for subsequent modeling.The current algorithms are confronted with a number of challenges,including an exponential increase in the number of transitions,high time complexity,and susceptibility to noisy signals.To solve these problems,this paper proposes a new method for converting PLC signals into a transition sequence.The method is based on the principles of Boolean absorption law,which filters out noise information in the I/O signals.Then firing functions representing input–output causality are constructed from the filtered signals.Finally,the original signal sequence is traversed to generate a transition sequence.The experimental results show that these methods can rapidly identify a transition sequence.Compared to traditional methods,the proposed algorithms have polynomial time complexity.展开更多
This paper investigates control synthesis for motion planning under conditions of uncertainty,specifically in robot motion and environmental properties,which are modeled using a probabilistic labeled Markov decision p...This paper investigates control synthesis for motion planning under conditions of uncertainty,specifically in robot motion and environmental properties,which are modeled using a probabilistic labeled Markov decision process(PL-MDP).To address this,a model-free reinforcement learning(RL)approach is designed to produce a finite-memory control policy that meets complex tasks specified by linear temporal logic(LTL)formulas.Recognizing the presence of uncertainties and potentially conflicting objectives,this study centers on addressing infeasible LTL specifications.A relaxed LTL constraint enables the agent to adapt its motion plan,allowing for partial satisfaction by accounting for necessary task violations.Additionally,a new automaton structure is introduced to increase the density of accepting rewards,facilitating deterministic policy outcomes.The proposed RL framework is rigorously analyzed and prioritizes two key objectives:(1)satisfying the acceptance condition of the relaxed product MDP,and(2)minimizing long-term violation costs.Simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the framework’s effectiveness and robustness.展开更多
Emitting alarm calls may be costly,but few studies have asked whether calling increases a caller’s risk of predation and survival.Since observing animals calling and being killed is relatively rare,we capitalized on ...Emitting alarm calls may be costly,but few studies have asked whether calling increases a caller’s risk of predation and survival.Since observing animals calling and being killed is relatively rare,we capitalized on over 24,000 h of observations of marmot colonies and asked whether variation in the rate that yellow-bellied marmots(Marmota faviventer)alarm called was associated with the probability of summer mortality,a proxy for predation.Using a generalized mixed model that controlled for factors that infuenced the likelihood of survival,we found that marmots who called at higher rates were substantially more likely to die over the summer.Because virtually all summer mortality is due to predation,these results suggest that calling is indeed costly for marmots.Additionally,the results from a Cox survival analysis showed that marmots that called more lived signifcantly shorter lives.Prior studies have shown that marmots reduce the risk by emitting calls only when close to their burrows,but this newly quantifed survival cost suggests a constraint on eliminating risks.Quantifying the cost of alarm calling using a similar approach in other systems will help us better understand its true costs,which is an essential value for theoretical models of calling and social behavior.展开更多
In connexive logic,two fundamental ideas are observed:first,no proposition im-plies or is implied by its own negation;second,if a proposition implies p then it will not imply the negation of 4p.In classical logic,neit...In connexive logic,two fundamental ideas are observed:first,no proposition im-plies or is implied by its own negation;second,if a proposition implies p then it will not imply the negation of 4p.In classical logic,neither of the ideas holds,which makes it difficult to give a natural semantics for connexive logic.By combining Kleene's three valued logic and Lewis'conditional logic,we propose a new natural semantics for connexive logic.We give four ax-iomatic systems characterizing different classes of selection models in the new semantics.We prove soundness and completeness of these logics and compare them with some comexive 1og-ics in the literature.展开更多
High-performance terahertz(THz)logic gate devices are crucial components for signal processing and modulation,playing a significant role in the application of THz communication and imaging.Here,we propose a THz broadb...High-performance terahertz(THz)logic gate devices are crucial components for signal processing and modulation,playing a significant role in the application of THz communication and imaging.Here,we propose a THz broadband NOR logic encoder based on a graphene-metal hybrid metasurface.The unit structure consists of two symmetrical dual-gap metal split-ring resonators(DSRRs)arranged in a staggered configuration,with graphene strips embedded in their gaps.The NOR logic gate metadevice is controlled by the bias voltages independently applied to the two electrodes.Experiments show that when the bias voltages are applied to both electrodes,the metadevice achieves the NOR logic gate within a 0.52 THz bandwidth,with an average modulation depth above 80%.The experimental results match well with theoretical simulations.Additionally,the strong near-field coupling induced by the staggered DSRRs causes redshift at both LC resonance and dipole resonance.This phenomenon was demonstrated by coupled mode theory.Besides,we analyze the surface current distribution at resonances and propose four equivalent circuit models to elucidate the physical mechanisms of modulation under distinct loaded voltage conditions.The results not only advance modulation and logic gate designs for THz communication but also demonstrate significant potential applications in 6G networks,THz imaging,and radar systems.展开更多
In-memory computing(IMC)based on spin-logic devices is regarded as an advantageous way to optimize the Von Neumann bottleneck.However,performing complete Boolean logic with spintronic devices typi-cally requires an in...In-memory computing(IMC)based on spin-logic devices is regarded as an advantageous way to optimize the Von Neumann bottleneck.However,performing complete Boolean logic with spintronic devices typi-cally requires an initialization operation,which can reduce processing speed.In this work,we conceptu-alize and experimentally demonstrate a programmable and initialization-free spin-logic gate,leveraging spin-orbit torque(SOT)to effectuate magnetization switching,assisted by in-plane Oersted field gener-ated by an integrated bias-field Au line.This spin-logic gate,fabricated as a Hall bar,allows complete Boolean logic operations without initialization.A current flowing through the bias-field line,which is electrically isolated from the device by a dielectric,generates an in-plane magnetic field that can invert the SOT-induced switching chirality,enabling on-the-fly complete Boolean logic operations.Additionally,the device demonstrated good reliability,repeatability,and reproducibility during logic operations.Our work demonstrates programmable and scalable spin-logic functions in a single device,offering a new approach for spin-logic operations in an IMC architecture.展开更多
Avian alarm calls mediate defenses against brood parasites and predators. These calls facilitate communication among adults and alert nestlings to potential danger. While heterospecific call recognition has been exten...Avian alarm calls mediate defenses against brood parasites and predators. These calls facilitate communication among adults and alert nestlings to potential danger. While heterospecific call recognition has been extensively studied in adult birds, nestlings—lacking direct predation experience and heterospecific alarm exposure—represent an ideal system to investigate the response to interspecific warning cues. This study explored the recognition capabilities of 5–6-day-old nestlings in Oriental Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus orientalis), a common host of the Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). We exposed the nestlings to playbacks of alarm calls directed at parasites and raptors from conspecific, Vinous-throated Parrotbill (Sinosuthora webbiana, sympatric species), Isabelline Shrike (Lanius isabellinus, allopatric species) and Common Tailorbird (Orthotomus sutorius, allopatric species) adults. Results indicated that there was no significant difference in the responses of nestlings to the alarm calls of conspecific and allopatric adults directed at cuckoos and sparrowhawks. In addition, interestingly, nestlings significantly reduced their begging in response to conspecific and unfamiliar allopatric Isabelline Shrike and Common Tailorbird alarm calls but exhibited a weak response to the sympatric Vinous-throated Parrotbill. Whether older warbler nestlings with more social experience exhibit stronger responses to the alarm calls of Vinous-throated Parrotbill adults requires further investigation.展开更多
As Model-Based Systems Engineering(MBSE)was applied to the Electric Multiple Unit(EMU)braking system control logic,a preliminary exploration was conducted for bullet train braking system control logic research using a...As Model-Based Systems Engineering(MBSE)was applied to the Electric Multiple Unit(EMU)braking system control logic,a preliminary exploration was conducted for bullet train braking system control logic research using an MBSE practice framework.The framework mainly includes the requirement analysis phase,functional analysis phase,and design phase.Systems Modeling Language(SysML)was used as the modeling language,and Cameo Systems Modeler(CSM)was employed as the modeling tool.By integrating the EMU braking system control logic and utilizing a top-down design approach,the implementation of MBSE in the bullet train braking system was analyzed and studied.The results show that,according to the MBSE practice framework,a unified description of the requirement analysis,functional analysis,and design synthesis of the EMU braking system control logic can be achieved.Additionally,the correlation and traceability between models can be established.展开更多
In modal logic,topological semantics is an intuitive and natural special case of neighbourhood semantics.This paper stems from the observation that the satisfaction relation of topological semantics applies to subset ...In modal logic,topological semantics is an intuitive and natural special case of neighbourhood semantics.This paper stems from the observation that the satisfaction relation of topological semantics applies to subset spaces which are more general than topological spaces.The minimal modal logic which is strongly sound and complete with respect to the class of subset spaces is found.Soundness and completeness results of some famous modal logics(e.g.S4,S5 and Tr)with respect to various important classes of subset spaces(eg intersection structures and complete fields of sets)are also proved.In the meantime,some known results,e.g.the soundness and completeness of Tr with respect to the class of discrete topological spaces,are proved directly using some modifications of the method of canonical mode1,without a detour via neighbourhood semantics or relational semantics.展开更多
Institutional logic theory,a pivotal framework within organizational studies,delineates the multifaceted and intricate logics that underpin organizational fields.This theoretical perspective elucidates the manner in w...Institutional logic theory,a pivotal framework within organizational studies,delineates the multifaceted and intricate logics that underpin organizational fields.This theoretical perspective elucidates the manner in which diverse individuals or groups within an organization internalize and manifest distinct institutional logics,alongside the ensuing political and cultural conflicts.Furthermore,the theory endeavors to elucidate the complexities inherent in institutional logic across organizational fields,examining the reflection of these logics among various individuals or groups and their associated political and cultural dichotomies.Central to this discourse is the acknowledgment of the core systems that constitute the fabric of a country,encompassing the state,market,familial structures,corporate entities,professional bodies,and religious institutions.These components not only coexist with inherent conflicts but also exhibit a high degree of interdependence,underlined by their shared institutional logics.This literature attempts to review and analysis institutional logic in the field of entrepreneurship and integrates institutional logic into entrepreneurs’personal background,experience,and other social characteristics,and study how institutional logic operates.It is recommended that future researchers take entrepreneurs as the research object and conduct more in-depth research on the evolution of organizational response strategies when political and cultural conflicts occur between different groups within the enterprise,combined with institutional logic theory.展开更多
This article extends the foundational work of Wang and Wang on modal logic over lattices.Building upon their framework using polyadic modal logic with binary modalities<sup>and<inf>under standard Kripke se...This article extends the foundational work of Wang and Wang on modal logic over lattices.Building upon their framework using polyadic modal logic with binary modalities<sup>and<inf>under standard Kripke semantics to axiomatize lattice structures,we focus on the modal characterization of bounded lattices and their extensions relevant to logical systems.By introducing nullary modalities 1(maximum element)and 0(minimum element),we first establish a modal axiomatic system for bounded lattices.Subsequently,we provide pure formula characterizations of complementation and orthocomplementation relations in lattices,along with corresponding completeness results.As key applications,we present modal characterizations of fundamental logical algebraic structures:Boolean algebras,orthomodular lattices,and Heyting algebras.The last section develops novel axiomatization results for atomic lattices and atomless lattices.Throughout this work,all axiomatic systems are shown to be strongly complete via pureformula extensions,demonstrating how hybrid modal languages with nullary operators can uniformly capture boundary elements,complementation properties,and latticetheoretic operations central to both classical and nonclassical logics.展开更多
Alarm calls in bird vocalizations serve as acoustic signals announcing danger.Owing to the convergent evolution of alarm calls,some bird species can beneft from eavesdropping on certain parameters of alarm calls of ot...Alarm calls in bird vocalizations serve as acoustic signals announcing danger.Owing to the convergent evolution of alarm calls,some bird species can beneft from eavesdropping on certain parameters of alarm calls of other species.Vocal mimicry,displayed by many bird species,aids defense against predators and may help brood parasites during parasitism.In the coevolutionary dynamics between brood parasites,such as the common cuckoo(Cuculus canorus),and their hosts,female cuckoo vocalizations can induce hosts to leave the nest,increasing the probability of successful parasitism and reducing the risk of host attacks.Such cuckoo calls were thought to mimic those of the sparrowhawk.However,owing to their similarity to alarm calls,we propose a new hypothesis:Female cuckoos cheat their hosts by mimicking the parameters of the host alarm call.In this study,we tested this new hypothesis and the sparrowhawk mimicry hypothesis simultaneously by manipulating the syllable rate in male and female common cuckoo vocalizations and playing them in front of the host Oriental reed warbler(Acrocephalus orientalis)for examination.The results indicate that similar to a normal female cuckoo call,a female call with a reduced syllable rate prompted the hosts to leave their nests more frequently and rapidly than male cuckoo calls.Additionally,the male cuckoo calls with increased syllable rate did not prompt the host to leave their nests more frequently or quickly compared with the male cuckoo calls with a normal syllable rate.Our results further confrm that female common cuckoos mimic the vocalizations of Eurasian sparrowhawks(Accipiter nisus),reveal the function mechanisms underlying such mimicry,and support the theory of imperfect mimicry.展开更多
In the present paper,we give a systematic study of the discrete correspondence the-ory and topological correspondence theory of modal meet-implication logic and moda1 meet-semilattice logic,in the semantics provided i...In the present paper,we give a systematic study of the discrete correspondence the-ory and topological correspondence theory of modal meet-implication logic and moda1 meet-semilattice logic,in the semantics provided in[21].The special features of the present paper include the following three points:the first one is that the semantic structure used is based on a semilattice rather than an ordinary partial order,the second one is that the propositional vari-ables are interpreted as filters rather than upsets,and the nominals,which are the“first-order counterparts of propositional variables,are interpreted as principal filters rather than principal upsets;the third one is that in topological correspondence theory,the collection of admissi-ble valuations is not closed under taking disjunction,which makes the proof of the topological Ackermann 1emma different from existing settings.展开更多
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12474101)support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52272202 and W2421027)support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52501307)。
文摘New electronic devices based on the physical properties of electrically driven skyrmions are promising for logic computing and nonvolatile memory applications.However,achieving efficient and practical compute-storage integration remains challenging owing to the structural complexity,limited functionality,and low flexibility observed in most skyrmion-based devices.In this study,we designed a novel device architecture that integrates seven basic logic gates into a unified physical structure.Their operation can be enabled by physical mechanisms,such as spin-orbit torque,spin-transfer torque,skyrmion-edge repulsions,and skyrmion-skyrmion interactions.Furthermore,by incorporating voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy,the device achieved multi-input capability and reconfigurability functionality.Ultralow power consumption(<1 fJ/bit per logic function)and extremely high logic density were achieved.Significantly,the compatibility of this nanotrack design with existing skyrmion racetrack memory paves the way for advanced in-memory computing in spintronic architectures.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12174159)。
文摘In recent years,acoustic logic gates has attracted growing interest in acoustics due to their promising applications in acoustic communication and signal processing.For practical implementation,these logic gates must operate over a certain bandwidth to ensure reliable performance.However,current experimental realizations have predominantly been confined to single-frequency or narrowband operation,leaving their broadband capabilities largely unverified.To address this gap,we present both numerical and experimental demonstrations of three basic acoustic logic gates(OR,NOT,and AND)using a phased unit cell composed of a central channel flanked by two arrays of semicircular cavities.By leveraging phase modulation of the unit cells and linear interference of sound,we achieve these logic operations with a uniform threshold of I_(t)=0.25.Remarkably,the measured fractional bandwidths(bandwidth relative to center frequency)reach approximately 111.5%(OR),37.2%(NOT),and 48.5%(AND),demonstrating ultra-broadband functionality.The proposed logic gates combine exceptional bandwidth with structural simplicity,offering significant potential for applications in acoustic computing,information processing,and integrated acoustic systems.
基金supported by Singapore RIE2025 Manufacturing,Trade and Connectivity Industry Alignment Fund-Pre-Positioning(IAF-PP)under Grant M24N2a0039 through WP2-Intelligent Switching Controlthe National Research Foundation Singapore under its AI Singapore Programme under Grant AISG4-GC-2023-007-1B.
文摘In this paper,we propose a fuzzy logic-based coded event-triggered control with self-adjustable prescribed performance(FL-CEC-SPP)to address the trade-off between control performance and communication efficiency in resource-constrained networked control systems.The method integrates a fuzzy-coded event-triggered controller into a coded control framework to dynamically adjust the triggering threshold,thereby reducing unnecessary transmissions while maintaining system stability.A self-adjustable prescribed performance constraint is also incorporated to ensure that the tracking error remains within predefined bounds under arbitrary initial conditions.Theoretical analyses and simulation comparisons show that the method proposed in this paper maintains good tracking performance and stability while reducing the communication burden,and has wide applications in resource-constrained network control systems.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 62073124 and U1804150.
文摘This paper explores the algebraic essence of universal logic functions(ULFs)from an algebraic perspective.Under the framework of semi-tensor product of matrices,the“sequential nature”of ULFs is revealed.Utilizing the nature,a technique called universal transformation method is proposed,by which any ULF can be transformed into an equivalent expression with desired features that facilitate achieving specific objectives,such as modeling,analyzing and synthesizing universal logical systems.Furthermore,several useful logical operators are constructed in a mixed-dimensional situation,including power-raising operator,power-descending operator,erasure operator,and appending operator.Finally,these results are applied to model and analyze finite state machines and their networks,which demonstrate the practical value of the method and operators.
基金provided by the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program of Boston University
文摘Olfactory cues that indicate predation risk elicit a number of defensive behaviors in fishes, but whether they are sufficient to also induce morphological defenses has received little attention. Cichlids are characterized by a high level of morphological plasticity during development, and the few species that have been tested do exhibit defensive behaviors when exposed to alarm cues released from the damaged skin of conspecifics. We utilized young juvenile Nicaragua cichlids Hypsophrys nicaraguensis to test if the perception of predation risk from alarm cue （conspecific skin extract） alone induces an increased relative body depth which is a defense against gape-limited predators. After two weeks of exposure, siblings that were exposed to conspecific alarm cue increased their relative body depth nearly double the amount of those exposed to distilled water （control） and zebrafish Danio rerio alarm cue. We repeated our measurements over the last two weeks （12 and 14） of cue exposure when the fish were late-stage juveniles to test if the rate of increase was sustained; there were no differences in final dimensions between the three treatments. Our results show that 1） the Nicaragua cichlid has an innate response to conspecific alarm cue which is not a generalized response to an injured fish, and 2） this innate recognition ultimately results in developing a deeper body at a stage of the life history where predation risk is high [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 36-42, 2010].
基金Chongqing Engineering University Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project:Wireless Fire Automatic Alarm System(Project No.:CXCY2024017)Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Science and Technology Research Project:Development and Research of Chongqing Wireless Fire Automatic Alarm System(Project No.:KJQN202401906)。
文摘This article explores the design of a wireless fire alarm system supported by advanced data fusion technology.It includes discussions on the basic design ideas of the wireless fire alarm system,hardware design analysis,software design analysis,and simulation analysis,all supported by data fusion technology.Hopefully,this analysis can provide some reference for the rational application of data fusion technology to meet the actual design and application requirements of the system.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Fujian Province,China,under Grant No.2024H0014(2024H01010100).
文摘In industrial control systems,such as power transmission facilities and water treatment plants,Programmable Logic Controllers(PLCs)can work consistently and stably over long periods if there are no faults.Black-box identification aims to automatically construct Petri net models with the help of I/O signals from PLC devices only.The main challenge is how to convert the infinitely long PLC signals into an event sequence,which is the foundation for subsequent modeling.The current algorithms are confronted with a number of challenges,including an exponential increase in the number of transitions,high time complexity,and susceptibility to noisy signals.To solve these problems,this paper proposes a new method for converting PLC signals into a transition sequence.The method is based on the principles of Boolean absorption law,which filters out noise information in the I/O signals.Then firing functions representing input–output causality are constructed from the filtered signals.Finally,the original signal sequence is traversed to generate a transition sequence.The experimental results show that these methods can rapidly identify a transition sequence.Compared to traditional methods,the proposed algorithms have polynomial time complexity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62173314.
文摘This paper investigates control synthesis for motion planning under conditions of uncertainty,specifically in robot motion and environmental properties,which are modeled using a probabilistic labeled Markov decision process(PL-MDP).To address this,a model-free reinforcement learning(RL)approach is designed to produce a finite-memory control policy that meets complex tasks specified by linear temporal logic(LTL)formulas.Recognizing the presence of uncertainties and potentially conflicting objectives,this study centers on addressing infeasible LTL specifications.A relaxed LTL constraint enables the agent to adapt its motion plan,allowing for partial satisfaction by accounting for necessary task violations.Additionally,a new automaton structure is introduced to increase the density of accepting rewards,facilitating deterministic policy outcomes.The proposed RL framework is rigorously analyzed and prioritizes two key objectives:(1)satisfying the acceptance condition of the relaxed product MDP,and(2)minimizing long-term violation costs.Simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the framework’s effectiveness and robustness.
基金National Geographic Society,UCLA(Faculty Senate and the Division of Life Sciences),a Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory research fellowship,NSF IDBR-0754247,and DEB-1119660 and 1557130 all to D.T.B.DBI-0242960,0731346,1226713,and 1755522 to the RMBL.K.A.was a NSF GRFP fellow during the fnal preparation of this MS。
文摘Emitting alarm calls may be costly,but few studies have asked whether calling increases a caller’s risk of predation and survival.Since observing animals calling and being killed is relatively rare,we capitalized on over 24,000 h of observations of marmot colonies and asked whether variation in the rate that yellow-bellied marmots(Marmota faviventer)alarm called was associated with the probability of summer mortality,a proxy for predation.Using a generalized mixed model that controlled for factors that infuenced the likelihood of survival,we found that marmots who called at higher rates were substantially more likely to die over the summer.Because virtually all summer mortality is due to predation,these results suggest that calling is indeed costly for marmots.Additionally,the results from a Cox survival analysis showed that marmots that called more lived signifcantly shorter lives.Prior studies have shown that marmots reduce the risk by emitting calls only when close to their burrows,but this newly quantifed survival cost suggests a constraint on eliminating risks.Quantifying the cost of alarm calling using a similar approach in other systems will help us better understand its true costs,which is an essential value for theoretical models of calling and social behavior.
基金supported by the MOE Project of Humanities and Social Sciences of China(Grant No.21YJA72040001)。
文摘In connexive logic,two fundamental ideas are observed:first,no proposition im-plies or is implied by its own negation;second,if a proposition implies p then it will not imply the negation of 4p.In classical logic,neither of the ideas holds,which makes it difficult to give a natural semantics for connexive logic.By combining Kleene's three valued logic and Lewis'conditional logic,we propose a new natural semantics for connexive logic.We give four ax-iomatic systems characterizing different classes of selection models in the new semantics.We prove soundness and completeness of these logics and compare them with some comexive 1og-ics in the literature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62005058 and 62365006)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi,China(Grant No.2020GXNSFBA238012)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2020M683726)the Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education(Grant Nos.YCSW2024345 and YCBZ2025157)the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments(Grant No.YQ24101).
文摘High-performance terahertz(THz)logic gate devices are crucial components for signal processing and modulation,playing a significant role in the application of THz communication and imaging.Here,we propose a THz broadband NOR logic encoder based on a graphene-metal hybrid metasurface.The unit structure consists of two symmetrical dual-gap metal split-ring resonators(DSRRs)arranged in a staggered configuration,with graphene strips embedded in their gaps.The NOR logic gate metadevice is controlled by the bias voltages independently applied to the two electrodes.Experiments show that when the bias voltages are applied to both electrodes,the metadevice achieves the NOR logic gate within a 0.52 THz bandwidth,with an average modulation depth above 80%.The experimental results match well with theoretical simulations.Additionally,the strong near-field coupling induced by the staggered DSRRs causes redshift at both LC resonance and dipole resonance.This phenomenon was demonstrated by coupled mode theory.Besides,we analyze the surface current distribution at resonances and propose four equivalent circuit models to elucidate the physical mechanisms of modulation under distinct loaded voltage conditions.The results not only advance modulation and logic gate designs for THz communication but also demonstrate significant potential applications in 6G networks,THz imaging,and radar systems.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(2020AAA0109005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62374055,12327806,62304083,62074063,61821003,61904060,61904051,61674062)+4 种基金the Interdisciplinary Program of Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center(WHMFC202119)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program Award(JCYJ20220818103410022)the Shenzhen Virtual University Park(2021Szvup091)the Natural Science Foundation of Wuhan(2024040701010049)Shuai Zhang acknowledges support from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M721237).
文摘In-memory computing(IMC)based on spin-logic devices is regarded as an advantageous way to optimize the Von Neumann bottleneck.However,performing complete Boolean logic with spintronic devices typi-cally requires an initialization operation,which can reduce processing speed.In this work,we conceptu-alize and experimentally demonstrate a programmable and initialization-free spin-logic gate,leveraging spin-orbit torque(SOT)to effectuate magnetization switching,assisted by in-plane Oersted field gener-ated by an integrated bias-field Au line.This spin-logic gate,fabricated as a Hall bar,allows complete Boolean logic operations without initialization.A current flowing through the bias-field line,which is electrically isolated from the device by a dielectric,generates an in-plane magnetic field that can invert the SOT-induced switching chirality,enabling on-the-fly complete Boolean logic operations.Additionally,the device demonstrated good reliability,repeatability,and reproducibility during logic operations.Our work demonstrates programmable and scalable spin-logic functions in a single device,offering a new approach for spin-logic operations in an IMC architecture.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32301295 to JW, 32101242 to LM, and 32260253 to LW)High-Level Talents Research Start-Up Project of Hebei University (No. 521100222044 to JW)
文摘Avian alarm calls mediate defenses against brood parasites and predators. These calls facilitate communication among adults and alert nestlings to potential danger. While heterospecific call recognition has been extensively studied in adult birds, nestlings—lacking direct predation experience and heterospecific alarm exposure—represent an ideal system to investigate the response to interspecific warning cues. This study explored the recognition capabilities of 5–6-day-old nestlings in Oriental Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus orientalis), a common host of the Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). We exposed the nestlings to playbacks of alarm calls directed at parasites and raptors from conspecific, Vinous-throated Parrotbill (Sinosuthora webbiana, sympatric species), Isabelline Shrike (Lanius isabellinus, allopatric species) and Common Tailorbird (Orthotomus sutorius, allopatric species) adults. Results indicated that there was no significant difference in the responses of nestlings to the alarm calls of conspecific and allopatric adults directed at cuckoos and sparrowhawks. In addition, interestingly, nestlings significantly reduced their begging in response to conspecific and unfamiliar allopatric Isabelline Shrike and Common Tailorbird alarm calls but exhibited a weak response to the sympatric Vinous-throated Parrotbill. Whether older warbler nestlings with more social experience exhibit stronger responses to the alarm calls of Vinous-throated Parrotbill adults requires further investigation.
文摘As Model-Based Systems Engineering(MBSE)was applied to the Electric Multiple Unit(EMU)braking system control logic,a preliminary exploration was conducted for bullet train braking system control logic research using an MBSE practice framework.The framework mainly includes the requirement analysis phase,functional analysis phase,and design phase.Systems Modeling Language(SysML)was used as the modeling language,and Cameo Systems Modeler(CSM)was employed as the modeling tool.By integrating the EMU braking system control logic and utilizing a top-down design approach,the implementation of MBSE in the bullet train braking system was analyzed and studied.The results show that,according to the MBSE practice framework,a unified description of the requirement analysis,functional analysis,and design synthesis of the EMU braking system control logic can be achieved.Additionally,the correlation and traceability between models can be established.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(No.20CZX048)。
文摘In modal logic,topological semantics is an intuitive and natural special case of neighbourhood semantics.This paper stems from the observation that the satisfaction relation of topological semantics applies to subset spaces which are more general than topological spaces.The minimal modal logic which is strongly sound and complete with respect to the class of subset spaces is found.Soundness and completeness results of some famous modal logics(e.g.S4,S5 and Tr)with respect to various important classes of subset spaces(eg intersection structures and complete fields of sets)are also proved.In the meantime,some known results,e.g.the soundness and completeness of Tr with respect to the class of discrete topological spaces,are proved directly using some modifications of the method of canonical mode1,without a detour via neighbourhood semantics or relational semantics.
文摘Institutional logic theory,a pivotal framework within organizational studies,delineates the multifaceted and intricate logics that underpin organizational fields.This theoretical perspective elucidates the manner in which diverse individuals or groups within an organization internalize and manifest distinct institutional logics,alongside the ensuing political and cultural conflicts.Furthermore,the theory endeavors to elucidate the complexities inherent in institutional logic across organizational fields,examining the reflection of these logics among various individuals or groups and their associated political and cultural dichotomies.Central to this discourse is the acknowledgment of the core systems that constitute the fabric of a country,encompassing the state,market,familial structures,corporate entities,professional bodies,and religious institutions.These components not only coexist with inherent conflicts but also exhibit a high degree of interdependence,underlined by their shared institutional logics.This literature attempts to review and analysis institutional logic in the field of entrepreneurship and integrates institutional logic into entrepreneurs’personal background,experience,and other social characteristics,and study how institutional logic operates.It is recommended that future researchers take entrepreneurs as the research object and conduct more in-depth research on the evolution of organizational response strategies when political and cultural conflicts occur between different groups within the enterprise,combined with institutional logic theory.
基金supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M750225).
文摘This article extends the foundational work of Wang and Wang on modal logic over lattices.Building upon their framework using polyadic modal logic with binary modalities<sup>and<inf>under standard Kripke semantics to axiomatize lattice structures,we focus on the modal characterization of bounded lattices and their extensions relevant to logical systems.By introducing nullary modalities 1(maximum element)and 0(minimum element),we first establish a modal axiomatic system for bounded lattices.Subsequently,we provide pure formula characterizations of complementation and orthocomplementation relations in lattices,along with corresponding completeness results.As key applications,we present modal characterizations of fundamental logical algebraic structures:Boolean algebras,orthomodular lattices,and Heyting algebras.The last section develops novel axiomatization results for atomic lattices and atomless lattices.Throughout this work,all axiomatic systems are shown to be strongly complete via pureformula extensions,demonstrating how hybrid modal languages with nullary operators can uniformly capture boundary elements,complementation properties,and latticetheoretic operations central to both classical and nonclassical logics.
基金funded by the Education Department of Hainan Province(no.HnjgY 2022-12)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.32260127).
文摘Alarm calls in bird vocalizations serve as acoustic signals announcing danger.Owing to the convergent evolution of alarm calls,some bird species can beneft from eavesdropping on certain parameters of alarm calls of other species.Vocal mimicry,displayed by many bird species,aids defense against predators and may help brood parasites during parasitism.In the coevolutionary dynamics between brood parasites,such as the common cuckoo(Cuculus canorus),and their hosts,female cuckoo vocalizations can induce hosts to leave the nest,increasing the probability of successful parasitism and reducing the risk of host attacks.Such cuckoo calls were thought to mimic those of the sparrowhawk.However,owing to their similarity to alarm calls,we propose a new hypothesis:Female cuckoos cheat their hosts by mimicking the parameters of the host alarm call.In this study,we tested this new hypothesis and the sparrowhawk mimicry hypothesis simultaneously by manipulating the syllable rate in male and female common cuckoo vocalizations and playing them in front of the host Oriental reed warbler(Acrocephalus orientalis)for examination.The results indicate that similar to a normal female cuckoo call,a female call with a reduced syllable rate prompted the hosts to leave their nests more frequently and rapidly than male cuckoo calls.Additionally,the male cuckoo calls with increased syllable rate did not prompt the host to leave their nests more frequently or quickly compared with the male cuckoo calls with a normal syllable rate.Our results further confrm that female common cuckoos mimic the vocalizations of Eurasian sparrowhawks(Accipiter nisus),reveal the function mechanisms underlying such mimicry,and support the theory of imperfect mimicry.
基金supported by the Chinese Ministry of Education of Humanities and Social Science Project(23YJC72040003)the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education(22JJD720021)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(project number:ZR2023QF021)。
文摘In the present paper,we give a systematic study of the discrete correspondence the-ory and topological correspondence theory of modal meet-implication logic and moda1 meet-semilattice logic,in the semantics provided in[21].The special features of the present paper include the following three points:the first one is that the semantic structure used is based on a semilattice rather than an ordinary partial order,the second one is that the propositional vari-ables are interpreted as filters rather than upsets,and the nominals,which are the“first-order counterparts of propositional variables,are interpreted as principal filters rather than principal upsets;the third one is that in topological correspondence theory,the collection of admissi-ble valuations is not closed under taking disjunction,which makes the proof of the topological Ackermann 1emma different from existing settings.
