A French architect finds her ideal life in a scenic town in southwest China.IN the scenic Benzilan Town in China’s Yunnan Province,64-year-old French architect Estelle Achard enjoys an idyllic life in a rustic Tibeta...A French architect finds her ideal life in a scenic town in southwest China.IN the scenic Benzilan Town in China’s Yunnan Province,64-year-old French architect Estelle Achard enjoys an idyllic life in a rustic Tibetan house named Tulu Lodge,where she offers homestay services to visitors from across the globe.展开更多
Here we report the case of a 34-year-old man who underwent endoscopic removal of a tablespoon from the stomach that was lodged within the duodenum.Removal required the use of a two-channel upper endoscope and polypect...Here we report the case of a 34-year-old man who underwent endoscopic removal of a tablespoon from the stomach that was lodged within the duodenum.Removal required the use of a two-channel upper endoscope and polypectomy snares.Using the doublesnare technique, the spoon was grasped at the proximal and distal parts of the handle.The doublesnare was first pulled unsuccessfully and then pulled with simultaneous manual abdominal compression of the bulbus from the body surface.Compression was gently applied towards the stomach.As a result, the head of the spoon prolapsed from the bulbus, and was easily retracted from the stomach without any complications.In cases of foreign body lodging within the duodenum, the manual abdominal compression technique may help clinicians pull out the object and avoid surgery.The usefulness of manual compression is dependent on the foreign body's sharpness and the location.展开更多
The contemporary English novelist and literary critic David Lodge has published sixteen works of fiction,including the latest published short story collections The Man Who Wouldn't Get Up and Other Stories(2016).I...The contemporary English novelist and literary critic David Lodge has published sixteen works of fiction,including the latest published short story collections The Man Who Wouldn't Get Up and Other Stories(2016).In this work,the first story The Man Who Wouldn't Get Up is the earliest one which was written in the winter of 1965-1966 and mainly tells about a professional man who refuses to get up in order to escape the harsh world and I chiefly discuss the paratexts of it.Gerard Genette defines paratexts as"are those liminal devices and conventions,both within and outside the book,that form part of the complex mediation between book, author, publisher, and reader:titles,forewords,epigraphs,and publishers'jacket copy are part of a book's private and public history."In this paper,I adopt Genette's theory of paratexts which provides a unique theoretical approach for fiction study and apply it to the analysis of Lodge's The Man Who Wouldn't Get Up and Other Stories.The work is rich in miscellaneous paratexts which are one of the characteristics of this work and aid comprehension while shortening the distance between author and reader.The paper mainly examines the peritext:the elements inserted into the interstices,such as,the cover,title,epigraph,biography of the author,reviews of the book,foreword,jacket copy,illustration,dedication,afterword and acknowledgements.Investigating the peritexts of the work indicates the unique function and the significance of the thresholds of interpretation to the fictional text.Ultimately,they become the medium of communication between the author,the text and the reader,and are exemplary of Lodge's creativity and hybrid narrative style.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> The spindle cell lipoma is a rare benign tumor that originated from subcutaneous adipose tissue. It is a slow growing lesion and may become voluminous causing the patient an ae...<strong>Background:</strong> The spindle cell lipoma is a rare benign tumor that originated from subcutaneous adipose tissue. It is a slow growing lesion and may become voluminous causing the patient an aesthetic disfigure. The diagnosis is made by the histological examination combined with immunohistochemical analysis. Radiological features present a variety of description because of the proportions difference of spindle cell lipoma components, but imaging is useful to determine the mass extents. The treatment of this kind of benign tumors is surgery which must be completed without need for other therapy. <strong>Aim:</strong> This case report highlights the exceptional location of spindle cell lipoma in the soft tissues of the parotid-masseter lodge, which may raise differential diagnosis problems with a primary parotid gland tumor. <strong>Case Presentation:</strong> A 58-year-old man, with no medical history, was presenting a swelling of the parotid region, growing progressively for 6 years, without other associated sign. The patient benefited from a careful physical examination. A computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were carried out. Clinical and radiological findings were suggesting a benign tumor occupying the left parotid-masseter lodge. The patient went through a surgical excision of the tumor. Histological and immunohistochemical features revealed a classic shape of spindle cell lipoma. After one year of follow-up, we notice a good recovery without local recurrence. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Surgeons and pathologists have to keep in mind the possible development of spindle cell lipoma in any subcutaneous site even if unusual one.展开更多
Lodging is a major constraint limiting oil flax production efficiency in northern China.Crop lodging susceptibility is closely related to stem lignin content,and the regulatory mechanisms by which nitrogen and potassi...Lodging is a major constraint limiting oil flax production efficiency in northern China.Crop lodging susceptibility is closely related to stem lignin content,and the regulatory mechanisms by which nitrogen and potassium fertilization interactively influence lignin biosynthesis in oil flax stems require further investigation.Therefore,this study aimed to enhance lodging resistance and increase grain yield in oil flax.We examined the interactive effects of different nitrogen (75,150,and 225 kg N ha^(–1)) and potassium (60 and 90 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1)) fertilizer rates on lignin metabolism,lodging resistance,and grain yield during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons.Results indicated that nitrogen and potassium fertilizer levels and their interactions promoted lignin accumulation,improved lodging resistance,and increased grain yield.Compared to the control (CK),the75–150 kg N ha^(–1) combined with 60 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1) treatments significantly enhanced the activities of key lignin-synthesizing enzymes (tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL),phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL),cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD),and peroxidase (POD)) and upregulated the expression of 4CL1 and F5H3 genes,leading to a 29.63–43.30%increase in lignin content,improved stem bending strength and lodging resistance index,and a 23.27–32.34%increase in grain yield.Correlation analysis revealed that nitrogen and potassium fertilizers positively regulated enzyme activities and gene expression related to lignin biosynthesis,thereby facilitating lignin accumulation and enhancing stem mechanical strength and lodging resistance.Positive correlations were observed among lignin-related enzyme activities,gene expression,lodging resistance traits,and grain yield.In summary,the application of 75–150 kg N ha^(–1) in conjunction with 60 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1)promoted lignin biosynthesis and accumulation,enhanced lodging resistance,and increased grain yield in oil flax grown in the dryland farming region of central Gansu,China.Furthermore,this treatment provides a technical basis for cultivating stress-tolerant and high-yield oil flax in arid regions.展开更多
The harvesting difficulty caused by corn lodging aggravated the loss of grain,especially in the regions where small harvesters were used as the main force for corn harvesting.An experimental study and analysis of harv...The harvesting difficulty caused by corn lodging aggravated the loss of grain,especially in the regions where small harvesters were used as the main force for corn harvesting.An experimental study and analysis of harvest loss of small harvesters on the root lodged corn were made to get the laws of lodged corn harvest loss.The experiment was conducted in different harvesting directions and at a range of harvesting speeds.A 4-row self-propelled corn harvester(JM-4Y),a 2-row crawler type self-propelled corn harvester(JM-2C),and a 2-row crawler-type corn harvester equipped with a spiral auxiliary feeding device for lodged stalks(JM-2CAF)were taken as the research objects and the grain loss per square meter and the ear loss quantity per 30 square meters were taken as the experiment indices.The results showed that the average grain loss masses of the JM-4Y harvester,the JM-2C harvester and the JM-2CAF harvester in different harvesting directions were 101.88g,285.72 g and 110.20 g,while the average corn ear losses were 10.08,33.54 and 9.28 pieces.The lowest harvest loss of the JM-4Y harvester appeared when the harvesting was the same as the lodging direction,while the JM-2CAF harvester caused the lowest harvest loss when the harvesting direction was opposite to the lodging direction.The different feeding demands of the ordinary harvester head and the auxiliary feeding devices made the harvesters have different feeding conditions.At different harvesting speeds,the average grain loss mass of the JM-4Y harvester,the JM-2C harvester and the JM-2CAF harvester were 139.06 g,453.42 g and 236.64 g while the average corn ear loss quantities were 15.12,52.52 and 34.80 pieces.The JM-4Y harvester had the lowest harvest loss at almost every harvesting speed,and the JM-2CAF harvester only had lower harvest loss when the harvesting speed was lower than 0.8 m/s.The insufficient time to lift and deliver the lodged stalk and the impact between the spiral blades and the stalks were the causes of harvest loss when harvesting speed got higher.This study provides practical and theoretical references for the loss reduction of lodged corn harvesting.展开更多
High-density planting increases maize yield but also canopy crowding and stalk lodging.Aiming this contradiction,a wavy canopy was created using interlaced chemical application(IC)of a plant growth retardant at the V1...High-density planting increases maize yield but also canopy crowding and stalk lodging.Aiming this contradiction,a wavy canopy was created using interlaced chemical application(IC)of a plant growth retardant at the V14 stage with three densities(60,000,75,000,and 90,000 plants ha-1,indicated by D1,D2,and D3,respectively)for two seasons.The results showed that the IC-treated wavy canopy featuring both natural height(IC-H)and dwarfed(IC-L)plants,improved light transmission by 8.54%,8.49%,and 16.49%on average than the corresponding controls(CK)at D1,D2,and D3,respectively.The alleviation of canopy crowding stimulated leaf photosynthesis,sugar availability,basal-internode strength,and decreased plant lodging ratios in both IC-H and IC-L,particularly under higher densities.Meanwhile,the IC populations produced significantly higher yield than CK,with an average increase of 3.38%,16.70%,and 15.28%at D1,D2,and D3,respectively.Collectively,this study proposed a new wavy canopy strategy using plant growth retardant to simultaneously increase yield performance and lodging resistance,thus offering a sustainable solution for further development of high-density maize production.展开更多
Population size plays a crucial role in determining wheat yields.Altered carbohydrate accumulation resulting from increased competition between populations and individuals leads to poor-quality stems.The sowing date c...Population size plays a crucial role in determining wheat yields.Altered carbohydrate accumulation resulting from increased competition between populations and individuals leads to poor-quality stems.The sowing date can mitigate competition in densely planted populations.However,the underlying mechanism by which it confers resistance to wheat lodging remains elusive.In this study,Zimai 28(lodging-sensitive variety) and Shannong 28(lodging-resistant variety) were used with three sowing treatments on October 22(S1),October 28(S2),and November 3(S3).The sowing rate was adjusted to ensure adequate population size and consistency in the overwintering populations across sowing dates(300 plant m^(-2)for S1,375 plant m^(-2)for S2,and 525 plant m^(-2)for S3),The lodging resistance in winter wheat was increased by delayed sowing and increased sowing rate,which led to a reduction in tiller numbers and fostered primary stem development.A reduction in the overwinter cumulative temperature from 500 to 450℃,coupled with an elevation in sowing rates from 300 to 375 plant m^(-2)(transition from S1 to S2),corresponded with a notable increase in structural carbohydrates(lignin,cellulose,hemicellulose,and pectin) by 175.07 mg g^(-1).Additionally,there was a moderate increase in non-structural carbohydrates,including soluble sugars and starch,by 15.54 mg g^(-1).Delayed sowing and increased sowing rate elevated the precursor contents of lignin synthesis.Enhanced metabolic activity of related pathways ultimately increased dimer/trimer content.In summary,this study highlights the pivotal role of lignin metabolites and cross-linked structures in determining the stem stiffness breaking strength.展开更多
Background Cotton lodging has become increasingly prevalent due to extreme environmental conditions and agronomic practices,severely compromising yield,fiber quality,and mechanical harvesting efficiency.However,resear...Background Cotton lodging has become increasingly prevalent due to extreme environmental conditions and agronomic practices,severely compromising yield,fiber quality,and mechanical harvesting efficiency.However,research on cotton lodging remains limited,with most studies focusing on individual or isolated indices rather than a comprehensive system.This study systematically compared four lodging-resistant varieties(LR-1,LR-2,LR-3,LR-4)and four lodging varieties(L-1,L-2,L-3,L-4)across multiple indices:morphological traits,boll distribution,internode filling degree,stem density,mechanical strength,anatomical structure,and chemical composition.Results The results showed that at the boll-opening stage,lodging-resistant varieties exhibited higher density in the first(increased by 11.6%)and third(increased by 23.5%)basal internodes compared with lodging varieties and significantly greater filling degree in the first(increased by 22.6%),second(increased by 23.1%),and third(increased by 26.1%)basal internodes;significantly higher stem puncture strength(increased by 41.2%)and stem bending resistance(increased by 38.2%);and a significantly lower stem lodging coefficient(19.0%lower in lodging-resistant varieties).Additionally,lodging-resistant varieties showed significantly enhanced anatomical structures,including greater cortex thickness,more mechanical tissue layers,and larger pith cavity,xylem,and phloem areas.Conversely,no significant differences were observed in morphological traits,boll distribution,or chemical composition between the lodging-resistant and lodging types.Conclusion Lodging-resistant varieties exhibited thicker cortical tissue and mechanical tissue layers,along with larger xylem area and phloem area in basal internodes.These structural characteristics provide superior support for the filling degree and density of basal internodes,thereby enhancing stem puncture strength and bending resistance,and ultimately improving lodging resistance in cotton.These findings provide a theoretical basis for reducing the occurrence of cotton lodging.展开更多
In the rice–rapeseed cropping system in the Yangtze River Basin,late rapeseed sowing increases lodging.To identify the mechanisms of reduced lodging resistance,a two-year field experiment compared four rapeseed culti...In the rice–rapeseed cropping system in the Yangtze River Basin,late rapeseed sowing increases lodging.To identify the mechanisms of reduced lodging resistance,a two-year field experiment compared four rapeseed cultivars with differing lodging resistances under normal and late sowing.Rapid stem elongation during bolting in late-sown rapeseed reduced stem plumpness,vascular bundle development,and lignin accumulation,weakening lodging resistance.Slowing stem elongation and promoting vascular bundle formation and lignin synthesis could increase lodging resistance in late-sown rapeseed.展开更多
Foxtail millet(Setaria italica) is one of the primary multigrain crops originating from China, with a long history of cultivation and significant importance in Chinese farming civilization(Diao 2019). However, the exc...Foxtail millet(Setaria italica) is one of the primary multigrain crops originating from China, with a long history of cultivation and significant importance in Chinese farming civilization(Diao 2019). However, the excessive height of foxtail millet plants makes them susceptible to lodging, severely impacting the yield(Tian et al. 2010;Diao et al. 2024). During the “Green Revolution”, many types of cereals, including rice(Oryza sativa L.) and wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)(Brosius 1991;Peng et al. 1999), were bred to dwarf, resulting in significantly increased yields. Consequently, reducing plant height has become a key breeding objective for foxtail millet.展开更多
Using maize varieties including Zhengdan 958,Xianyu 335,Yudan 132,Xundan 20,Lianchuang 808,and Dingyou 163 as experimental materials,this study investigated the effects of two ethephon compound agents on the lodging r...Using maize varieties including Zhengdan 958,Xianyu 335,Yudan 132,Xundan 20,Lianchuang 808,and Dingyou 163 as experimental materials,this study investigated the effects of two ethephon compound agents on the lodging resistance and yield of different maize varieties across various ecological regions.The results demonstrated that the lodging resistance of maize was significantly enhanced after the application of the two chemical control agents.Specifically,the lodging rate of Xundan 20 was reduced by 6.1 percentage points following treatment with benzylaminopurine(6-BA)·ethephon(ETH),while the lodging rate of Zhengdan 958 was decreased by 6.2 percentage points after treatment with diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate(DTA-6)·ETH.In the Shangqiu area,treatment of Lianchuang 808 with DTA-6·ETH reduced its ear height coefficient by 9.8 percentage points,whereas in the Zhumadian area,treatment of Dingyou 163 with 6-BA·ETH lowered its ear height coefficient by 11.3 percentage points.Additionally,both ethephon compound agents improved the stalk puncture strength of maize.For the same maize variety,phenotypic traits such as ear length,ear diameter,and number of kernel rows showed no significant differences under different chemical control treatments.However,traits including kernel number per row,1000-kernel weight,and yield exhibited significant variations across treatments and years.Moreover,the yield performance of maize varieties after chemical control treatment varied by region.In Hebi,Zhoukou,and Zhumadian areas,the yield under the DTA-6·ETH treatment surpassed that under the 6-BA·ETH treatment,with average yield increases of 4.22%,8.41%,and 5.67%compared to the clear water control(CK),respectively.Conversely,in Shangqiu,Nanyang,and Changge areas,the 6-BA·ETH treatment outperformed DTA-6·ETH,resulting in average yield increases of 6.96%,7.54%,and 5.56%relative to CK.展开更多
Optimizing sowing dates(SDs)represents a viable strategy for adapting maize production to climate change and enhancing yield.However,research remains limited regarding the integrated effects of lodging and yield in re...Optimizing sowing dates(SDs)represents a viable strategy for adapting maize production to climate change and enhancing yield.However,research remains limited regarding the integrated effects of lodging and yield in relation to climatic variables across different SDs.This study examines the patterns and distribution of key climatic variables during maize growth seasons,their influence on yield and lodging,and the critical factors affecting lodging at crucial growth stages under various SD scenarios.The research evaluated climate change impacts on yield and lodging through field experiments spanning 5 years(2015,2016,2019-2021),incorporating 25 SDs in the Sichuan Basin,China.Results indicated that lodging rate significantly affected the coefficient of variation(CV,3.31-10.50%)of maize yield.Each 1%increase in lodging rate resulted in a yield reduction of 58.05 kg ha^(-1).SD modifications notably influenced solar radiation(Sr)from emergence to silking(E-R1).The study determined that Sr accounted for 34.7%of lodging rate variation in E-R1.Analysis of historical meteorological data revealed significant inter-annual Sr variations,showing a decline of-8.7763 MJ m^(-2)yr^(-1)from 1990 to 2021,particularly evident from late May to early July.Variation partitioning analysis(VPA)demonstrated that climatic variables during emergence to physiological maturity(E-R6)and E-R1 explained 43.9 and 53.2%of yield variation across SDs,respectively,while contributing 56.0 and 45.4%to lodging.Random forest(RF)analysis established that SD changes primarily influenced lodging rates through modifications in basal internode morphology,explaining 69.79%of the variation.The research identified optimal sowing dates between late March and mid-April for achieving consistent high yields,attributed to increased Sr during E-R1.This study provides critical insights into climate change effects on stalk lodging and offers practical guidance for SD adjustment to reduce maize lodging rates.展开更多
[Objective]The aim was to provide a scientific basis for the reasonable application of organic fertilizer to improve lodging resistance and yield of rice.[Method]The application of four different kinds of organic fert...[Objective]The aim was to provide a scientific basis for the reasonable application of organic fertilizer to improve lodging resistance and yield of rice.[Method]The application of four different kinds of organic fertilizer was applied to study their effects on rice lodging resistance and yield of late rice Yuzhengxiang that with high quality.[Result] The effect of applying organic fertilizer for improving rice lodging resistance capability was:biogas residues> chicken manure > rapeseed cake> tobac...展开更多
[Objective] To study the correlation between the biomechanical properties of rape stalks and rape stem lodging. [Method] Through axial compression tests to the stalks of 4 different rape varieties, the change rules of...[Objective] To study the correlation between the biomechanical properties of rape stalks and rape stem lodging. [Method] Through axial compression tests to the stalks of 4 different rape varieties, the change rules of maximum stem bearing ca- pacity, maximum compressive strength, elastic modulus and moment of inertia along plant height were analyzed, as well as the effect of different varieties and water contents on the biomechanical property indices of rape stalks. [Result] The maximum loads of rape stalks presented liner decrease trend along with the increase of stem height, and all reached the maximums below the height of 50 cm. The maximum stem compressive strength and elastic modulus of the 4 varieties were increased with ascending height, but in a slow rate with small change, thus the modulus of e- lasticity could be considered as unchanged. The maximum bearing capacity, maxi- mum compressive strength and elastic modulus of dry rape stalks were higher than wet stalks, indicating that the water contents of rape stalks had significant effect on their mechanical properties. According to the actual lodging situations in filed, stalks of variety No. 1 owned the worst biomechanical properties and lodging degree, while the biomechanical properties of No. 6 and F5 were better than No. 1 and No. 9, and they also had stronger lodging-resistance. [Conclusion] The study provides parameters and bases for the design of mechanized production and mechanical deep processing of crops, and can better reveal the physical natures of organisms. The methods used in this study can also be used to screen excellent crop stalks.展开更多
[Objective] The experiment was conducted to explore the suitable planting density and nitrogen amount for summer maize in Sichuan Basin with the objective to provide technical reservation and scientific basis for high...[Objective] The experiment was conducted to explore the suitable planting density and nitrogen amount for summer maize in Sichuan Basin with the objective to provide technical reservation and scientific basis for high-yielding cultivation technique.[Method] A widely planted maize cultivar ＇Chengdan 30＇ was used as experimental material to study the effects of planting density and nitrogen amount on the stalk agronomic traits,stalk lodging-resistance mechanical characters,stalk breaking percentage and yield of maize.Experiment was arranged in a two-factor split plot design with three replicates.The planting density was the main factor with three density gradients（4.5×10^4,6.0×10^4 and 7.5×10^4 plants/hm^2） and the nitrogen amount was the second factor with two different levels of nitrogen content（300 and 375 kg/hm^2）.[Result] The stalk lodging-resistance and yield were affected by planting density significantly.The increase of planting density would result in an increase of internode length and decrease of internode diameter,dry matter weight of per unit stalk length,rind penetration strength and breaking resistance of 3rd and 4th basal internodes.When planting density increased from 6.0×10^4 plants/hm2 to 7.5×10^4 plants/hm^2,the stalk breaking percentage in the whole growing season increased by 17.17%,and the yield reduced by 17.58%.The interaction between planting density and nitrogen amount affected the stalk breaking percentage in the whole growing season and yield significantly.The treatment with planting density of 6.0×104 plants/hm^2 and nitrogen amount of 375 kg/hm^2 of pure N was an optimal combination,which may not only control the stalk breaking percentage of whole growing stage effectively,but also could obtain an optimum grain yield.[Conclusion] In Sichuan Basin,the appropriate planting density and nitrogen amount for summer maize were 6.0×10^4 plants/hm^2 and 375 kg/hm^2.展开更多
[Objective] This study is to map QTLs for lodging-related morphological traits of soybean, aiming at providing basis for breeding lodging-resistant varieties. [Method] To map the QTLs for lodging-related morphological...[Objective] This study is to map QTLs for lodging-related morphological traits of soybean, aiming at providing basis for breeding lodging-resistant varieties. [Method] To map the QTLs for lodging-related morphological traits, an F216-F218 RIL population containing 147 lines derived from a cross between Charleston as female and Dongnong 594 as male parent were used as experimental materials in this study. Totally 164 SSR primers screened out from amplification on two parents, were employed to amplify the F216-F218 RIL population for constructing a genetic linkage map. The QTLs for nodes on main stem, stem thickness and stem weight of the F216-F218 RIL soybean population were investigated in two eco-environments for three years. [Result] Sixteen QTLs for nodes on main stem were detected in A1, B1, C2, Dla, D2, F, G, H and N linkage groups, respectively; Ten QTLs for stem thickness in A1, B1, C2, Dla, E and G linkage groups, respectively; Fifteen QTLs for stem weight in A1, A2, C2, Dla, Dlb and G linkage groups, respectively. Of these QTLs, five for nodes on main stem, one for stem thickness and six for stem weight could be detected by both CIM and MIM, accounting for 8.6%-27.0%, 9.0%- 11.0%, and 6.0%-39.0% of the general phenotypic variation, respectively. From ex- perimental data of two years, Three QTLs for nodes on main stem and two for stem weight could be detected, accounting for 8.0%-60.2% and 10.0%-23.0% of the general phenotypic variation, respectively; while no QTL for stem thickness was re- peatedly detected during more than two years. [Conclusion] Comparison of the QTLs mapped for nodes on main stem, stem thickness and stem weight indicates that these three morphological traits are closely related with lodging-resistance of soybean.展开更多
Effects of film-mulched and dry-farming on lodging resistance of medium hybrid rice 88S/1128 at late growth stage was studied in this study. The result suggested that the increasing of lodging resistance of rice showe...Effects of film-mulched and dry-farming on lodging resistance of medium hybrid rice 88S/1128 at late growth stage was studied in this study. The result suggested that the increasing of lodging resistance of rice showed a trend of no film-mulched and water-farmingfilm-mulched and water-farmingno film-mulched and dry-farmingfilm-mulched and dry-faming. The lodging index of water-farming treatment decreased by 9.47%-24.10% compared to that of dry-farming treatment,while the lodging index of no film-mulched decreased by 14.68%-17.09% compared to that of film-mulched treatment; lodging index was significant or extremely significant negative related to resistant press per plant,transpiration rate,intercellular CO2 concentration and photosynthetic rate but extremely significant positive related to biomass per plant; the largest contributed factor in lodging was the plant biomass,while the factors had greatest contribution to lodging resistance showed an order of resistant press per planttranspiration rateintercellular CO2 concentrationphotosynthetic ratestomatal conductance.展开更多
The stem morphology and anatomical structure of rice, as well as their relationship with lodging resistance, were studied with six super hybrid rice varieties as the tested materials. The results showed that the rice ...The stem morphology and anatomical structure of rice, as well as their relationship with lodging resistance, were studied with six super hybrid rice varieties as the tested materials. The results showed that the rice varieties with stronger lodging resistance were characterized by shorter basal elongated internodes and thicker stem base. The lodging index of hybrid rice was positively correlated with the lengths of the first, second and third basal elongated internodes （P〈0.01） and was negatively correlated with the thickness of basal stem wall and the number and area of small vascular bundles, the area of large vascular bundles and the total area of vascular bundles of the second basal elongated internode （P〈0.05）. The correlations between lodging index and plant height, maximum culm diameter of stem base and minimum culm diameter of stem base were not significant. It indi- cates that the lodging resistance of super hybrid rice can be improved by shorten- ing the length of basal elongated internodes, thickening the wall of stem base and increasing the number and area of vascular bundles of basal elongated internodes.展开更多
文摘A French architect finds her ideal life in a scenic town in southwest China.IN the scenic Benzilan Town in China’s Yunnan Province,64-year-old French architect Estelle Achard enjoys an idyllic life in a rustic Tibetan house named Tulu Lodge,where she offers homestay services to visitors from across the globe.
基金Supported by Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine,Fukuoka University School of Medicine,Fukuoka,Japan
文摘Here we report the case of a 34-year-old man who underwent endoscopic removal of a tablespoon from the stomach that was lodged within the duodenum.Removal required the use of a two-channel upper endoscope and polypectomy snares.Using the doublesnare technique, the spoon was grasped at the proximal and distal parts of the handle.The doublesnare was first pulled unsuccessfully and then pulled with simultaneous manual abdominal compression of the bulbus from the body surface.Compression was gently applied towards the stomach.As a result, the head of the spoon prolapsed from the bulbus, and was easily retracted from the stomach without any complications.In cases of foreign body lodging within the duodenum, the manual abdominal compression technique may help clinicians pull out the object and avoid surgery.The usefulness of manual compression is dependent on the foreign body's sharpness and the location.
文摘The contemporary English novelist and literary critic David Lodge has published sixteen works of fiction,including the latest published short story collections The Man Who Wouldn't Get Up and Other Stories(2016).In this work,the first story The Man Who Wouldn't Get Up is the earliest one which was written in the winter of 1965-1966 and mainly tells about a professional man who refuses to get up in order to escape the harsh world and I chiefly discuss the paratexts of it.Gerard Genette defines paratexts as"are those liminal devices and conventions,both within and outside the book,that form part of the complex mediation between book, author, publisher, and reader:titles,forewords,epigraphs,and publishers'jacket copy are part of a book's private and public history."In this paper,I adopt Genette's theory of paratexts which provides a unique theoretical approach for fiction study and apply it to the analysis of Lodge's The Man Who Wouldn't Get Up and Other Stories.The work is rich in miscellaneous paratexts which are one of the characteristics of this work and aid comprehension while shortening the distance between author and reader.The paper mainly examines the peritext:the elements inserted into the interstices,such as,the cover,title,epigraph,biography of the author,reviews of the book,foreword,jacket copy,illustration,dedication,afterword and acknowledgements.Investigating the peritexts of the work indicates the unique function and the significance of the thresholds of interpretation to the fictional text.Ultimately,they become the medium of communication between the author,the text and the reader,and are exemplary of Lodge's creativity and hybrid narrative style.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> The spindle cell lipoma is a rare benign tumor that originated from subcutaneous adipose tissue. It is a slow growing lesion and may become voluminous causing the patient an aesthetic disfigure. The diagnosis is made by the histological examination combined with immunohistochemical analysis. Radiological features present a variety of description because of the proportions difference of spindle cell lipoma components, but imaging is useful to determine the mass extents. The treatment of this kind of benign tumors is surgery which must be completed without need for other therapy. <strong>Aim:</strong> This case report highlights the exceptional location of spindle cell lipoma in the soft tissues of the parotid-masseter lodge, which may raise differential diagnosis problems with a primary parotid gland tumor. <strong>Case Presentation:</strong> A 58-year-old man, with no medical history, was presenting a swelling of the parotid region, growing progressively for 6 years, without other associated sign. The patient benefited from a careful physical examination. A computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were carried out. Clinical and radiological findings were suggesting a benign tumor occupying the left parotid-masseter lodge. The patient went through a surgical excision of the tumor. Histological and immunohistochemical features revealed a classic shape of spindle cell lipoma. After one year of follow-up, we notice a good recovery without local recurrence. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Surgeons and pathologists have to keep in mind the possible development of spindle cell lipoma in any subcutaneous site even if unusual one.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31760363)the Earmarked Fund for CARS (CARS-14-1-16)+1 种基金the Gansu Education Science and Technology Innovation Industry Support Program,China (2021CYZC-38)the Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science,Gansu Agricultural University,China (GSCS-2020-Z6)。
文摘Lodging is a major constraint limiting oil flax production efficiency in northern China.Crop lodging susceptibility is closely related to stem lignin content,and the regulatory mechanisms by which nitrogen and potassium fertilization interactively influence lignin biosynthesis in oil flax stems require further investigation.Therefore,this study aimed to enhance lodging resistance and increase grain yield in oil flax.We examined the interactive effects of different nitrogen (75,150,and 225 kg N ha^(–1)) and potassium (60 and 90 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1)) fertilizer rates on lignin metabolism,lodging resistance,and grain yield during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons.Results indicated that nitrogen and potassium fertilizer levels and their interactions promoted lignin accumulation,improved lodging resistance,and increased grain yield.Compared to the control (CK),the75–150 kg N ha^(–1) combined with 60 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1) treatments significantly enhanced the activities of key lignin-synthesizing enzymes (tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL),phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL),cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD),and peroxidase (POD)) and upregulated the expression of 4CL1 and F5H3 genes,leading to a 29.63–43.30%increase in lignin content,improved stem bending strength and lodging resistance index,and a 23.27–32.34%increase in grain yield.Correlation analysis revealed that nitrogen and potassium fertilizers positively regulated enzyme activities and gene expression related to lignin biosynthesis,thereby facilitating lignin accumulation and enhancing stem mechanical strength and lodging resistance.Positive correlations were observed among lignin-related enzyme activities,gene expression,lodging resistance traits,and grain yield.In summary,the application of 75–150 kg N ha^(–1) in conjunction with 60 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1)promoted lignin biosynthesis and accumulation,enhanced lodging resistance,and increased grain yield in oil flax grown in the dryland farming region of central Gansu,China.Furthermore,this treatment provides a technical basis for cultivating stress-tolerant and high-yield oil flax in arid regions.
基金This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51705193,52105257)Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Project(20190701055GH).
文摘The harvesting difficulty caused by corn lodging aggravated the loss of grain,especially in the regions where small harvesters were used as the main force for corn harvesting.An experimental study and analysis of harvest loss of small harvesters on the root lodged corn were made to get the laws of lodged corn harvest loss.The experiment was conducted in different harvesting directions and at a range of harvesting speeds.A 4-row self-propelled corn harvester(JM-4Y),a 2-row crawler type self-propelled corn harvester(JM-2C),and a 2-row crawler-type corn harvester equipped with a spiral auxiliary feeding device for lodged stalks(JM-2CAF)were taken as the research objects and the grain loss per square meter and the ear loss quantity per 30 square meters were taken as the experiment indices.The results showed that the average grain loss masses of the JM-4Y harvester,the JM-2C harvester and the JM-2CAF harvester in different harvesting directions were 101.88g,285.72 g and 110.20 g,while the average corn ear losses were 10.08,33.54 and 9.28 pieces.The lowest harvest loss of the JM-4Y harvester appeared when the harvesting was the same as the lodging direction,while the JM-2CAF harvester caused the lowest harvest loss when the harvesting direction was opposite to the lodging direction.The different feeding demands of the ordinary harvester head and the auxiliary feeding devices made the harvesters have different feeding conditions.At different harvesting speeds,the average grain loss mass of the JM-4Y harvester,the JM-2C harvester and the JM-2CAF harvester were 139.06 g,453.42 g and 236.64 g while the average corn ear loss quantities were 15.12,52.52 and 34.80 pieces.The JM-4Y harvester had the lowest harvest loss at almost every harvesting speed,and the JM-2CAF harvester only had lower harvest loss when the harvesting speed was lower than 0.8 m/s.The insufficient time to lift and deliver the lodged stalk and the impact between the spiral blades and the stalks were the causes of harvest loss when harvesting speed got higher.This study provides practical and theoretical references for the loss reduction of lodged corn harvesting.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2303302,2022YFD2300803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160445)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-02-16).
文摘High-density planting increases maize yield but also canopy crowding and stalk lodging.Aiming this contradiction,a wavy canopy was created using interlaced chemical application(IC)of a plant growth retardant at the V14 stage with three densities(60,000,75,000,and 90,000 plants ha-1,indicated by D1,D2,and D3,respectively)for two seasons.The results showed that the IC-treated wavy canopy featuring both natural height(IC-H)and dwarfed(IC-L)plants,improved light transmission by 8.54%,8.49%,and 16.49%on average than the corresponding controls(CK)at D1,D2,and D3,respectively.The alleviation of canopy crowding stimulated leaf photosynthesis,sugar availability,basal-internode strength,and decreased plant lodging ratios in both IC-H and IC-L,particularly under higher densities.Meanwhile,the IC populations produced significantly higher yield than CK,with an average increase of 3.38%,16.70%,and 15.28%at D1,D2,and D3,respectively.Collectively,this study proposed a new wavy canopy strategy using plant growth retardant to simultaneously increase yield performance and lodging resistance,thus offering a sustainable solution for further development of high-density maize production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172117,32101834)the Shandong Province Agricultural Major Technology Collaborative Promotion Plan Project(SDNYXTTG-2023-33)+1 种基金Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(2022M711968)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020QC106).
文摘Population size plays a crucial role in determining wheat yields.Altered carbohydrate accumulation resulting from increased competition between populations and individuals leads to poor-quality stems.The sowing date can mitigate competition in densely planted populations.However,the underlying mechanism by which it confers resistance to wheat lodging remains elusive.In this study,Zimai 28(lodging-sensitive variety) and Shannong 28(lodging-resistant variety) were used with three sowing treatments on October 22(S1),October 28(S2),and November 3(S3).The sowing rate was adjusted to ensure adequate population size and consistency in the overwintering populations across sowing dates(300 plant m^(-2)for S1,375 plant m^(-2)for S2,and 525 plant m^(-2)for S3),The lodging resistance in winter wheat was increased by delayed sowing and increased sowing rate,which led to a reduction in tiller numbers and fostered primary stem development.A reduction in the overwinter cumulative temperature from 500 to 450℃,coupled with an elevation in sowing rates from 300 to 375 plant m^(-2)(transition from S1 to S2),corresponded with a notable increase in structural carbohydrates(lignin,cellulose,hemicellulose,and pectin) by 175.07 mg g^(-1).Additionally,there was a moderate increase in non-structural carbohydrates,including soluble sugars and starch,by 15.54 mg g^(-1).Delayed sowing and increased sowing rate elevated the precursor contents of lignin synthesis.Enhanced metabolic activity of related pathways ultimately increased dimer/trimer content.In summary,this study highlights the pivotal role of lignin metabolites and cross-linked structures in determining the stem stiffness breaking strength.
基金funded by the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-15–16 and CARS-15–25)。
文摘Background Cotton lodging has become increasingly prevalent due to extreme environmental conditions and agronomic practices,severely compromising yield,fiber quality,and mechanical harvesting efficiency.However,research on cotton lodging remains limited,with most studies focusing on individual or isolated indices rather than a comprehensive system.This study systematically compared four lodging-resistant varieties(LR-1,LR-2,LR-3,LR-4)and four lodging varieties(L-1,L-2,L-3,L-4)across multiple indices:morphological traits,boll distribution,internode filling degree,stem density,mechanical strength,anatomical structure,and chemical composition.Results The results showed that at the boll-opening stage,lodging-resistant varieties exhibited higher density in the first(increased by 11.6%)and third(increased by 23.5%)basal internodes compared with lodging varieties and significantly greater filling degree in the first(increased by 22.6%),second(increased by 23.1%),and third(increased by 26.1%)basal internodes;significantly higher stem puncture strength(increased by 41.2%)and stem bending resistance(increased by 38.2%);and a significantly lower stem lodging coefficient(19.0%lower in lodging-resistant varieties).Additionally,lodging-resistant varieties showed significantly enhanced anatomical structures,including greater cortex thickness,more mechanical tissue layers,and larger pith cavity,xylem,and phloem areas.Conversely,no significant differences were observed in morphological traits,boll distribution,or chemical composition between the lodging-resistant and lodging types.Conclusion Lodging-resistant varieties exhibited thicker cortical tissue and mechanical tissue layers,along with larger xylem area and phloem area in basal internodes.These structural characteristics provide superior support for the filling degree and density of basal internodes,thereby enhancing stem puncture strength and bending resistance,and ultimately improving lodging resistance in cotton.These findings provide a theoretical basis for reducing the occurrence of cotton lodging.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD2300303).
文摘In the rice–rapeseed cropping system in the Yangtze River Basin,late rapeseed sowing increases lodging.To identify the mechanisms of reduced lodging resistance,a two-year field experiment compared four rapeseed cultivars with differing lodging resistances under normal and late sowing.Rapid stem elongation during bolting in late-sown rapeseed reduced stem plumpness,vascular bundle development,and lignin accumulation,weakening lodging resistance.Slowing stem elongation and promoting vascular bundle formation and lignin synthesis could increase lodging resistance in late-sown rapeseed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32200222)the High-level Talents Start-up Fund of Shanxi Agricultural University, China (J242198006)+2 种基金the Start-up Fund of Shanxi Agricultural University, China (2021BQ84)the Shanxi Province Outstanding Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Scholarship Award Foundation,China(SXBYKY 2021055 and SXBYKY2022033)the Houji Laboratory Foundation, China (202204010910001-32)。
文摘Foxtail millet(Setaria italica) is one of the primary multigrain crops originating from China, with a long history of cultivation and significant importance in Chinese farming civilization(Diao 2019). However, the excessive height of foxtail millet plants makes them susceptible to lodging, severely impacting the yield(Tian et al. 2010;Diao et al. 2024). During the “Green Revolution”, many types of cereals, including rice(Oryza sativa L.) and wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)(Brosius 1991;Peng et al. 1999), were bred to dwarf, resulting in significantly increased yields. Consequently, reducing plant height has become a key breeding objective for foxtail millet.
基金Supported by Hebi Comprehensive Experimental Station Project of Henan Maize Industry Technology System(Z2010-02-07)Henan Science and Technology Research Project-Creating Maize Germplasm and New Varieties Resistant to Southern Rust Suitable for the Huang-Huai-Hai Ecological Region Based on RppC Gene(242102110236)+1 种基金Henan Science and Technology Research Project-Targeted Improvement Breeding Application of ZmREX4 in Regulating Kernel Length(232102110172)Henan Key Research and Development Special Project-Breeding and Industrialization Demonstration of New Varieties of Advantageous Characteristic Crops and Aquatic Products in Henan Province(241111114300).
文摘Using maize varieties including Zhengdan 958,Xianyu 335,Yudan 132,Xundan 20,Lianchuang 808,and Dingyou 163 as experimental materials,this study investigated the effects of two ethephon compound agents on the lodging resistance and yield of different maize varieties across various ecological regions.The results demonstrated that the lodging resistance of maize was significantly enhanced after the application of the two chemical control agents.Specifically,the lodging rate of Xundan 20 was reduced by 6.1 percentage points following treatment with benzylaminopurine(6-BA)·ethephon(ETH),while the lodging rate of Zhengdan 958 was decreased by 6.2 percentage points after treatment with diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate(DTA-6)·ETH.In the Shangqiu area,treatment of Lianchuang 808 with DTA-6·ETH reduced its ear height coefficient by 9.8 percentage points,whereas in the Zhumadian area,treatment of Dingyou 163 with 6-BA·ETH lowered its ear height coefficient by 11.3 percentage points.Additionally,both ethephon compound agents improved the stalk puncture strength of maize.For the same maize variety,phenotypic traits such as ear length,ear diameter,and number of kernel rows showed no significant differences under different chemical control treatments.However,traits including kernel number per row,1000-kernel weight,and yield exhibited significant variations across treatments and years.Moreover,the yield performance of maize varieties after chemical control treatment varied by region.In Hebi,Zhoukou,and Zhumadian areas,the yield under the DTA-6·ETH treatment surpassed that under the 6-BA·ETH treatment,with average yield increases of 4.22%,8.41%,and 5.67%compared to the clear water control(CK),respectively.Conversely,in Shangqiu,Nanyang,and Changge areas,the 6-BA·ETH treatment outperformed DTA-6·ETH,resulting in average yield increases of 6.96%,7.54%,and 5.56%relative to CK.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD190160304)the Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province,China(2022NSFSC0013)+1 种基金the Sichuan Maize Innovation Team Construction Project,China(SCCXTD-2023-02)the National Science and Technology Support Projects,China(2015BAC05B05)。
文摘Optimizing sowing dates(SDs)represents a viable strategy for adapting maize production to climate change and enhancing yield.However,research remains limited regarding the integrated effects of lodging and yield in relation to climatic variables across different SDs.This study examines the patterns and distribution of key climatic variables during maize growth seasons,their influence on yield and lodging,and the critical factors affecting lodging at crucial growth stages under various SD scenarios.The research evaluated climate change impacts on yield and lodging through field experiments spanning 5 years(2015,2016,2019-2021),incorporating 25 SDs in the Sichuan Basin,China.Results indicated that lodging rate significantly affected the coefficient of variation(CV,3.31-10.50%)of maize yield.Each 1%increase in lodging rate resulted in a yield reduction of 58.05 kg ha^(-1).SD modifications notably influenced solar radiation(Sr)from emergence to silking(E-R1).The study determined that Sr accounted for 34.7%of lodging rate variation in E-R1.Analysis of historical meteorological data revealed significant inter-annual Sr variations,showing a decline of-8.7763 MJ m^(-2)yr^(-1)from 1990 to 2021,particularly evident from late May to early July.Variation partitioning analysis(VPA)demonstrated that climatic variables during emergence to physiological maturity(E-R6)and E-R1 explained 43.9 and 53.2%of yield variation across SDs,respectively,while contributing 56.0 and 45.4%to lodging.Random forest(RF)analysis established that SD changes primarily influenced lodging rates through modifications in basal internode morphology,explaining 69.79%of the variation.The research identified optimal sowing dates between late March and mid-April for achieving consistent high yields,attributed to increased Sr during E-R1.This study provides critical insights into climate change effects on stalk lodging and offers practical guidance for SD adjustment to reduce maize lodging rates.
基金Supported by Project of Science & Technology of Grain Yield of China(2004BA520A01)~~
文摘[Objective]The aim was to provide a scientific basis for the reasonable application of organic fertilizer to improve lodging resistance and yield of rice.[Method]The application of four different kinds of organic fertilizer was applied to study their effects on rice lodging resistance and yield of late rice Yuzhengxiang that with high quality.[Result] The effect of applying organic fertilizer for improving rice lodging resistance capability was:biogas residues> chicken manure > rapeseed cake> tobac...
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Crop Breeding of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education,China (2006LD006)the Rapeseed Breeding Research Program of Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province,China (2006YZGG-5-5)~~
文摘[Objective] To study the correlation between the biomechanical properties of rape stalks and rape stem lodging. [Method] Through axial compression tests to the stalks of 4 different rape varieties, the change rules of maximum stem bearing ca- pacity, maximum compressive strength, elastic modulus and moment of inertia along plant height were analyzed, as well as the effect of different varieties and water contents on the biomechanical property indices of rape stalks. [Result] The maximum loads of rape stalks presented liner decrease trend along with the increase of stem height, and all reached the maximums below the height of 50 cm. The maximum stem compressive strength and elastic modulus of the 4 varieties were increased with ascending height, but in a slow rate with small change, thus the modulus of e- lasticity could be considered as unchanged. The maximum bearing capacity, maxi- mum compressive strength and elastic modulus of dry rape stalks were higher than wet stalks, indicating that the water contents of rape stalks had significant effect on their mechanical properties. According to the actual lodging situations in filed, stalks of variety No. 1 owned the worst biomechanical properties and lodging degree, while the biomechanical properties of No. 6 and F5 were better than No. 1 and No. 9, and they also had stronger lodging-resistance. [Conclusion] The study provides parameters and bases for the design of mechanized production and mechanical deep processing of crops, and can better reveal the physical natures of organisms. The methods used in this study can also be used to screen excellent crop stalks.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agricultural and Rural Research in the Public Interest of Sichuan Province(12ZC1930)~~
文摘[Objective] The experiment was conducted to explore the suitable planting density and nitrogen amount for summer maize in Sichuan Basin with the objective to provide technical reservation and scientific basis for high-yielding cultivation technique.[Method] A widely planted maize cultivar ＇Chengdan 30＇ was used as experimental material to study the effects of planting density and nitrogen amount on the stalk agronomic traits,stalk lodging-resistance mechanical characters,stalk breaking percentage and yield of maize.Experiment was arranged in a two-factor split plot design with three replicates.The planting density was the main factor with three density gradients（4.5×10^4,6.0×10^4 and 7.5×10^4 plants/hm^2） and the nitrogen amount was the second factor with two different levels of nitrogen content（300 and 375 kg/hm^2）.[Result] The stalk lodging-resistance and yield were affected by planting density significantly.The increase of planting density would result in an increase of internode length and decrease of internode diameter,dry matter weight of per unit stalk length,rind penetration strength and breaking resistance of 3rd and 4th basal internodes.When planting density increased from 6.0×10^4 plants/hm2 to 7.5×10^4 plants/hm^2,the stalk breaking percentage in the whole growing season increased by 17.17%,and the yield reduced by 17.58%.The interaction between planting density and nitrogen amount affected the stalk breaking percentage in the whole growing season and yield significantly.The treatment with planting density of 6.0×104 plants/hm^2 and nitrogen amount of 375 kg/hm^2 of pure N was an optimal combination,which may not only control the stalk breaking percentage of whole growing stage effectively,but also could obtain an optimum grain yield.[Conclusion] In Sichuan Basin,the appropriate planting density and nitrogen amount for summer maize were 6.0×10^4 plants/hm^2 and 375 kg/hm^2.
基金Supported by Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (CARS-04-02A)Transgenic Special Fund of Ministry of Agriculture(2011ZX08004001)+1 种基金The 12 th Five-year Plan for Science & Technology Research of China (2011BAD35B06-1)Program for New Century Excellent Talents In Heilongjiang Provincial University(1252-NCET-004)~~
文摘[Objective] This study is to map QTLs for lodging-related morphological traits of soybean, aiming at providing basis for breeding lodging-resistant varieties. [Method] To map the QTLs for lodging-related morphological traits, an F216-F218 RIL population containing 147 lines derived from a cross between Charleston as female and Dongnong 594 as male parent were used as experimental materials in this study. Totally 164 SSR primers screened out from amplification on two parents, were employed to amplify the F216-F218 RIL population for constructing a genetic linkage map. The QTLs for nodes on main stem, stem thickness and stem weight of the F216-F218 RIL soybean population were investigated in two eco-environments for three years. [Result] Sixteen QTLs for nodes on main stem were detected in A1, B1, C2, Dla, D2, F, G, H and N linkage groups, respectively; Ten QTLs for stem thickness in A1, B1, C2, Dla, E and G linkage groups, respectively; Fifteen QTLs for stem weight in A1, A2, C2, Dla, Dlb and G linkage groups, respectively. Of these QTLs, five for nodes on main stem, one for stem thickness and six for stem weight could be detected by both CIM and MIM, accounting for 8.6%-27.0%, 9.0%- 11.0%, and 6.0%-39.0% of the general phenotypic variation, respectively. From ex- perimental data of two years, Three QTLs for nodes on main stem and two for stem weight could be detected, accounting for 8.0%-60.2% and 10.0%-23.0% of the general phenotypic variation, respectively; while no QTL for stem thickness was re- peatedly detected during more than two years. [Conclusion] Comparison of the QTLs mapped for nodes on main stem, stem thickness and stem weight indicates that these three morphological traits are closely related with lodging-resistance of soybean.
基金Supported by Project of Science&Technology of Grian Yield of China(2004BA520A01)~~
文摘Effects of film-mulched and dry-farming on lodging resistance of medium hybrid rice 88S/1128 at late growth stage was studied in this study. The result suggested that the increasing of lodging resistance of rice showed a trend of no film-mulched and water-farmingfilm-mulched and water-farmingno film-mulched and dry-farmingfilm-mulched and dry-faming. The lodging index of water-farming treatment decreased by 9.47%-24.10% compared to that of dry-farming treatment,while the lodging index of no film-mulched decreased by 14.68%-17.09% compared to that of film-mulched treatment; lodging index was significant or extremely significant negative related to resistant press per plant,transpiration rate,intercellular CO2 concentration and photosynthetic rate but extremely significant positive related to biomass per plant; the largest contributed factor in lodging was the plant biomass,while the factors had greatest contribution to lodging resistance showed an order of resistant press per planttranspiration rateintercellular CO2 concentrationphotosynthetic ratestomatal conductance.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31271659)~~
文摘The stem morphology and anatomical structure of rice, as well as their relationship with lodging resistance, were studied with six super hybrid rice varieties as the tested materials. The results showed that the rice varieties with stronger lodging resistance were characterized by shorter basal elongated internodes and thicker stem base. The lodging index of hybrid rice was positively correlated with the lengths of the first, second and third basal elongated internodes （P〈0.01） and was negatively correlated with the thickness of basal stem wall and the number and area of small vascular bundles, the area of large vascular bundles and the total area of vascular bundles of the second basal elongated internode （P〈0.05）. The correlations between lodging index and plant height, maximum culm diameter of stem base and minimum culm diameter of stem base were not significant. It indi- cates that the lodging resistance of super hybrid rice can be improved by shorten- ing the length of basal elongated internodes, thickening the wall of stem base and increasing the number and area of vascular bundles of basal elongated internodes.
