The locus coeruleus(LC),a norepinephrine nucleus governing arousal states through tonic activity,requires precise regulatory mechanisms to maintain its dynamic activation levels.However,the neural circuitry underlying...The locus coeruleus(LC),a norepinephrine nucleus governing arousal states through tonic activity,requires precise regulatory mechanisms to maintain its dynamic activation levels.However,the neural circuitry underlying LC activity maintenance remains unclear.Here,we identify a glutamatergic projection from the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray(vlPAG)to the LC in mice as a critical regulator of arousal dynamics.Fiber photometry recordings revealed stress-induced Ca^(2+)dynamics in vlPAGCaMKIIα-LC axon terminals across diverse threat paradigms.Slice electrophysiology demonstrated that this pathway mediates LC-norepinephrine(LC-NE)neuronal activity via glutamatergic transmission.Low-frequency pathway activation(1 Hz)mainly induced anxiety-like behaviors,whereas high-frequency stimulation(10 Hz)evoked more panic-like hyperlocomotion,establishing a frequency-dependent continuum of arousal states.Conversely,pathway inhibition reduced pupil size,a reliable biomarker for arousal,concurrently suppressing threat avoidance behaviors and alleviating anxiety-related behaviors without altering environmental preference.These findings reveal that the vlPAGCaMKIIα-LC pathway maintains baseline arousal while dynamically scaling threat-induced hyperarousal.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease(AD)remains an incurable neurodegenerative disorder with devastating societal and personal impacts.Despite decades of intensive research,therapeutic efforts targeting the clinical stages of AD have...Alzheimer’s disease(AD)remains an incurable neurodegenerative disorder with devastating societal and personal impacts.Despite decades of intensive research,therapeutic efforts targeting the clinical stages of AD have largely failed to halt or reverse disease progression.This has prompted a critical shift in focus toward the earlier,preclinical stages of AD,where interventions may hold greater promise for altering the disease trajectory.展开更多
FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)基因是影响高等植物开花的关键基因,其翻译产生的蛋白产物是一种可长距离转运的成花激素,对开花时间起着重要的作用。目前在烟草种子生产中,均采用杂交育种方式,因此掌握烟草的开花时间尤为重要。为更好地了解FT...FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)基因是影响高等植物开花的关键基因,其翻译产生的蛋白产物是一种可长距离转运的成花激素,对开花时间起着重要的作用。目前在烟草种子生产中,均采用杂交育种方式,因此掌握烟草的开花时间尤为重要。为更好地了解FT开花基因在烟草中的结构、表达及其进化关系,本研究利用8个烟草种的完整基因组序列数据,鉴定并分析了FT基因在8个烟草种中的蛋白结构、保守结构域、进化关系、共线性、基因注释和基因表达。结果显示,在8个烟草基因组中筛选鉴定出106个FT基因,并将这些FT基因分为6个组。在与其他植物FT基因的进化分析中发现野生烟草FT基因在进化过程中与茄科植物较接近。对普通烟草和2个亲本野生烟草的共线性分析,表明了普通烟草BX(Nicotiana tabacum BX)和普通烟草TN90(Nicotiana tabacum TN90)的FT基因进化关系非常接近。在FT基因注释分析中,发现有22个基因是促进烟草花朵发育,有16个基因是参与抑制花发育的生物学途径。所有106个FT基因均参与Ko04712植物昼夜节律代谢途径,并在其中担任开花途径的一部分。FT基因在普通烟草TN90的9个不同生长发育时期的表达模式分析发现,FT基因在根、茎、叶和花中均有表达,单表达量存在明显差异,其中大部分的FT基因是表达于鲜花朵、成熟花朵和衰老花朵3个时期中。这些结果将对以后研究中的基因查询、基因克隆和功能验证等方面发挥重要的作用。展开更多
Heading date is one of the most important agronomic traits that directly affect rice yield and determines the regional adaptability in specific growing environments.As a short-day plant,rice can grow under long-day(LD...Heading date is one of the most important agronomic traits that directly affect rice yield and determines the regional adaptability in specific growing environments.As a short-day plant,rice can grow under long-day(LD)conditions due to the synergistic regulation of many photosensitive genes.Using a set of chromosome segment substitution lines(CSSLs)with the indica cultivar Huanghuazhan(HHZ)as the recipient parent and Basmati Surkh 89-15(BAS)as the donor parent,we identified a QTL locus.展开更多
Objective To investigate the changes in the firing activity of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) in a rat model of Parkinson disease (PD). Methods 2 and 4 weeks after unilateral lesion of the nigrostri...Objective To investigate the changes in the firing activity of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) in a rat model of Parkinson disease (PD). Methods 2 and 4 weeks after unilateral lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway in the rat by local injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the right substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), the firing activity of noradrenergic neurons in LC was recorded by extracellular single unit recording. Results The firing rate of LC noradrenergic neurons increased sig...展开更多
The self-incompatibility ( S) loci from the Solanaceae, Rosaceae and Scrophulariaceae encode a class of ribonucleases, known as S RNases, which have been shown to control the pistil expression of self-incompatible rea...The self-incompatibility ( S) loci from the Solanaceae, Rosaceae and Scrophulariaceae encode a class of ribonucleases, known as S RNases, which have been shown to control the pistil expression of self-incompatible reaction. In the former two families, the S loci have been shown to be located near centromere. However, the chromosomal location of the S locus in Antirrhinum, a species of the Scrophulariaceae, is not known. To determine its chromosomal location and genomic organization, an S-2 RNase gene and its corresponding 63 kb BAC clone were separately used for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of mitotic metaphase chromosomes of a self-incompatible Antirrhinum line Of S2S5. The results showed that the S-2 RNase detected a doublet signal near the centromere of the smallest chromosome (2n = 16). Two separate doublet signals of the tested BAC sequence were shown on both sides of the centromeres of all eight pairs of the chromosomes, suggesting that the Antirrhinum S locus is located in a pericentromeric region. Furthermore, a retrotransposon, named RIS1 (retrotransposon in the S locus), which has not been identified yet in. Antirrhinum, was found next to S-2 RNase. Taken together, the centromeric location of the S locus from the three S-RNase-based self-incompatible families provides a further support on a common origin of their evolution as well as suppressed recombination.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171014 and 32000706)the National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD0530200)+5 种基金research funding by the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2023-PT310-01)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(226-2024-00133)Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute(010904004)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LMS25C090004)The Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(2025ZFJH01-01)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M681828 and 2023TQ0280).
文摘The locus coeruleus(LC),a norepinephrine nucleus governing arousal states through tonic activity,requires precise regulatory mechanisms to maintain its dynamic activation levels.However,the neural circuitry underlying LC activity maintenance remains unclear.Here,we identify a glutamatergic projection from the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray(vlPAG)to the LC in mice as a critical regulator of arousal dynamics.Fiber photometry recordings revealed stress-induced Ca^(2+)dynamics in vlPAGCaMKIIα-LC axon terminals across diverse threat paradigms.Slice electrophysiology demonstrated that this pathway mediates LC-norepinephrine(LC-NE)neuronal activity via glutamatergic transmission.Low-frequency pathway activation(1 Hz)mainly induced anxiety-like behaviors,whereas high-frequency stimulation(10 Hz)evoked more panic-like hyperlocomotion,establishing a frequency-dependent continuum of arousal states.Conversely,pathway inhibition reduced pupil size,a reliable biomarker for arousal,concurrently suppressing threat avoidance behaviors and alleviating anxiety-related behaviors without altering environmental preference.These findings reveal that the vlPAGCaMKIIα-LC pathway maintains baseline arousal while dynamically scaling threat-induced hyperarousal.
基金supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Project grant (PJT-169197) to QYsupported by a CGS-M fellowship from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research
文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD)remains an incurable neurodegenerative disorder with devastating societal and personal impacts.Despite decades of intensive research,therapeutic efforts targeting the clinical stages of AD have largely failed to halt or reverse disease progression.This has prompted a critical shift in focus toward the earlier,preclinical stages of AD,where interventions may hold greater promise for altering the disease trajectory.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.LZ24C130004 and LQ24C130008)。
文摘Heading date is one of the most important agronomic traits that directly affect rice yield and determines the regional adaptability in specific growing environments.As a short-day plant,rice can grow under long-day(LD)conditions due to the synergistic regulation of many photosensitive genes.Using a set of chromosome segment substitution lines(CSSLs)with the indica cultivar Huanghuazhan(HHZ)as the recipient parent and Basmati Surkh 89-15(BAS)as the donor parent,we identified a QTL locus.
基金supported by the Foundation of Science and Technological Program of Shaanxi Province,China (No. 2007K15-G1).
文摘Objective To investigate the changes in the firing activity of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) in a rat model of Parkinson disease (PD). Methods 2 and 4 weeks after unilateral lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway in the rat by local injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the right substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), the firing activity of noradrenergic neurons in LC was recorded by extracellular single unit recording. Results The firing rate of LC noradrenergic neurons increased sig...
文摘The self-incompatibility ( S) loci from the Solanaceae, Rosaceae and Scrophulariaceae encode a class of ribonucleases, known as S RNases, which have been shown to control the pistil expression of self-incompatible reaction. In the former two families, the S loci have been shown to be located near centromere. However, the chromosomal location of the S locus in Antirrhinum, a species of the Scrophulariaceae, is not known. To determine its chromosomal location and genomic organization, an S-2 RNase gene and its corresponding 63 kb BAC clone were separately used for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of mitotic metaphase chromosomes of a self-incompatible Antirrhinum line Of S2S5. The results showed that the S-2 RNase detected a doublet signal near the centromere of the smallest chromosome (2n = 16). Two separate doublet signals of the tested BAC sequence were shown on both sides of the centromeres of all eight pairs of the chromosomes, suggesting that the Antirrhinum S locus is located in a pericentromeric region. Furthermore, a retrotransposon, named RIS1 (retrotransposon in the S locus), which has not been identified yet in. Antirrhinum, was found next to S-2 RNase. Taken together, the centromeric location of the S locus from the three S-RNase-based self-incompatible families provides a further support on a common origin of their evolution as well as suppressed recombination.
