Axial chain rockbursts(ACRs)repeatedly occur in deep tunnels during drilling and blasting methodology(D&B)within locked-in stress zones,severely hindering construction progress.In extremely cases,ACRs can persist ...Axial chain rockbursts(ACRs)repeatedly occur in deep tunnels during drilling and blasting methodology(D&B)within locked-in stress zones,severely hindering construction progress.In extremely cases,ACRs can persist for 7−10 d and affect areas exceeding 20 m along tunnel axis.Through integrated geological investigations and microseismic(MS)monitoring,the geological characteristics,MS activity patterns,and formation mechanisms of ACRs were analyzed.In tectonically active regions,locked-in stress zones arise from interactions between multiple structural planes.Blasting dynamic disturbances during tunnel excavation in these zones trigger early slippage along structural planes and fractures in the surrounding rock,with MS events developing ahead of the working face.High-energy MS events dominate during the development and occurrence stages of ACRs,extending 20−30 m(3−4 tunnel diameters)ahead of the working face.Following the ACRs,low-energy MS events primarily occur behind the working face.Tensile fracturing is the predominant failure mode during ACRs.Shear and mixed fractures primarily occur within the ACRs zone during the intra-ACR phase.Monitoring MS event locations ahead of the working face provides a reliable approach for prewarning potential ACR-prone zones.展开更多
Rocks are composed of mineral particles and micropores between mineral which has a great influence on the mechanical properties of rocks. In this paper, based on the theory of locked-in stress developed by academician...Rocks are composed of mineral particles and micropores between mineral which has a great influence on the mechanical properties of rocks. In this paper, based on the theory of locked-in stress developed by academician Chen Zongji, the locked-in stress problem in underground rock is simulated by the thermal expansion of hard rubber particles. The pore inclusion in rock is assumed to be uniformly distributed spherical cavities. Using the thermal stress theory, the stress of rock with a spherical pore inclusion is equivalent to the thermal stress generated by the spherical hard rubber inclusion. The elastic theory formula of the temperature increment and the equivalent pore pressure of the spherical hard rubber inclusion is derived. The numerical simulation of the rock mass model with a spherical hard rubber inclusion is carried out and compared to the theoretical calculation results<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:;" minion="" pro="" capt",serif;font-size:10pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;"="">;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:;" minion="" pro="" capt",serif;font-size:10pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;"=""> the results show that they are consistent. The method proposed by this paper for simulating stress distribution in rock by thermal stress is reasonable and feasible</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:;" minion="" pro="" capt",serif;font-size:10pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;"="">;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:;" minion="" pro="" capt",serif;font-size:10pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;"=""> it has a positive meaning for further study of mechanic phenomenon of rock with micropore inclusion.</span>展开更多
In light of the pressing global challenges of climate change,declining crop resilience,and hidden hunger,it is imperative to overcome the limitations of conventional crop breeding to enhance both the nutritional quali...In light of the pressing global challenges of climate change,declining crop resilience,and hidden hunger,it is imperative to overcome the limitations of conventional crop breeding to enhance both the nutritional quality and stress tolerance of crops.Synthetic metabolic engineering presents innovative strategies for the precision modification and de novo design of metabolic pathways.This approach generally encompasses three essential steps:identifying key metabolites through metabolomics,integrating multi-omics technologies to investigate the synthesis and regulation of these metabolites,and utilizing gene editing or de novo design to modify crop metabolic pathways associated with desirable agronomic traits.This review underscores the vital role of plant metabolite diversity in enhancing crop nutritional quality and stress resilience.Integrated multi-omics analyses facilitate the metabolic engineering by identifying key genes,transporters,and transcription factors that regulate metabolite biosynthesis.Precision modification strategies employ genome editing tools to reprogram endogenous metabolic networks,while de novo design reconstructs metabolic pathways through the introduction of exogenous biological elements—thereby both approaches enable the targeted enhancement of desired traits.These strategies have been effectively implemented in major food crops.However,simultaneously enhancing nutritional quality and stress resilience remains challenging due to inherent trade-offs and resource competition in distinct metabolic pathways within plants.Future research should integrate AI-driven predictive models with multi-omics datasets to decipher dynamic metabolic homeostasis and engineer climate-smart crops that maximize yield while preserving quality and environmental adaptability.展开更多
Background Environmental hypoxia is a common phenomenon in aquaculture,which causes gill tissue injury in fish.Glutathione(GSH)is a vital antioxidant in animal tissues,and its levels decrease under hypoxic conditions....Background Environmental hypoxia is a common phenomenon in aquaculture,which causes gill tissue injury in fish.Glutathione(GSH)is a vital antioxidant in animal tissues,and its levels decrease under hypoxic conditions.However,the effects of glutathione on fish under hypoxic stress remain poorly understood.This study aimed to investigate the impact of glutathione on gill tissue damage in fish under hypoxic stress and explore the underlying mechanisms.Methods Six experimental diets with varying glutathione concentrations.The actual glutathione levels in these diets,measured by high-performance liquid chromatography,were 0.00,145.95,291.90,437.85,583.80,and 729.75 mg/kg,respectively.Fish were fed these diets for 70 d,after which a 96-h hypoxic stress experiment was conducted.The experiment was set up with normoxic and hypoxic groups,in which the dissolved oxygen in the group was 6 mg/L,and that in the group was 1 mg/L.Results This research revealed that glutathione could enhance the growth performance and antioxidant capability of juvenile grass carp while mitigating the structural damage to gill tissues induced by hypoxia stress.Mechanistic investigations further indicated that glutathione mitigated hypoxia-induced oxidative injury in gill tissues and improved their antioxidant capacity.In addition,glutathione attenuated gill apoptosis induced by hypoxia stress.Glutathione also inhibited the initiation,nucleation,elongation,and degradation phases of autophagy,thereby attenuating hypoxia-induced gill autophagy.Moreover,glutathione was found to alleviate hypoxia-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)in gills,a response potentially linked to the suppression of PERK,IRE1,and ATF6 signaling pathways.Finally,based on the ROS and PC contents in gill tissue,the optimum glutathione supplementation levels for juvenile grass carp under hypoxia stress were 437.10 and 495.00 mg/kg,respectively.Conclusions In conclusion,our experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of glutathione in alleviating gill tissue damage caused by hypoxic stress.This study confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of dietary glutathione addition to alleviate hypoxic stress in fish.展开更多
Protein aggregates,mitochondrial import stress and neurodegenerative disorders:A salient hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson’s disease,is the abundance of protein aggregates(Goiran et a...Protein aggregates,mitochondrial import stress and neurodegenerative disorders:A salient hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson’s disease,is the abundance of protein aggregates(Goiran et al.,2022).This molecular event is believed to lead to activation of stress pathways ultimately resulting in cellular dysfunction(Eldeeb et al.,2022).Accordingly,many lines of research investigations focused on dampening the formation of protein aggregates or augmenting the clearance of protein aggregates as a potential therapeutic strategy to counteract the progression of neurodegenerative diseases,albeit with little success(Costa-Mattioli and Walter,2020).Cell stress cues such as the accumulation of protein aggregates lead to the activation of stress response pathways that aid cells in responding to the damage.Despite the notion that the transient activation of these pathways helps cells cope with stressors,persistent activation can induce unwanted apoptosis of cells and reduce overall tissue strength as well as lead to an accumulation of aggregation-prone proteins(Hetz and Papa,2018).Mutations in proteins involved in stress signaling termination can cause conditions like ataxia and early-onset dementia(Conroy et al.,2014).Therefore,it is crucial for stress response signaling to be turned off once conditions have improved.Nevertheless,the mechanisms by which cells silence these signals are still elusive.展开更多
Excavation causes stress redistribution and affects the stress path during the shearing process of rock.The shear strength of rock varies under different stress paths,and the presence of defects reduces the shear stre...Excavation causes stress redistribution and affects the stress path during the shearing process of rock.The shear strength of rock varies under different stress paths,and the presence of defects reduces the shear strength.To further investigate this phenomenon,this study investigates the shear behaviour of rocks with different shear surface integrities under the influenceof different stress paths through laboratory tests and numerical simulations.The results indicate that the shear strength depends on the stress path and a decrease in the shear surface integrity reduces the degree of dependence.The cohesion and friction angle of the Mohr‒Coulomb criterion decrease with weakening of the shear surface integrity.For different stress paths,the direct shear strength is always greater than that of other shear stress paths.The pattern of changes in the acoustic emission count and cumulative count indirectly reflectsthe above findings.Numerical simulations further indicate that the different principal stress states and normal suppression effects during the shearing process lead to changes in the factors of crack propagation,resulting in different mechanical behaviours under various stress paths.For rocks with different integrity levels,the main reason for the different path dependences of shear strength is that the size of the area affected by shear is different.Shear failure will concentrate on the shear plane when the normal inhibition effect is greater.This study explores the mechanism of rock shear behaviour,providing a theoretical basis for establishing more accurate constitutive models and strength criteria.展开更多
In-situ stress is a key parameter for underground mine design and rock stability analysis.The borehole overcoring technique is widely used for in-situ stress measurement,but the rheological recovery deformation of roc...In-situ stress is a key parameter for underground mine design and rock stability analysis.The borehole overcoring technique is widely used for in-situ stress measurement,but the rheological recovery deformation of rocks after stress relief introduces errors.To improve accuracy,this study proposes an in-situ stress solution theory that incorporates time-dependent stress relief effects.Triaxial stepwise loadingunloading rheological tests on granite and siltstone established quantitative relationships between instantaneous elastic recovery and viscoelastic recovery under different stress levels,confirming their impact on measurement accuracy.By integrating a dual-class elastic deformation recovery model,an improved in-situ stress solution theory was derived.Additionally,accounting for the nonlinear characteristics of rock masses,a determination method for time-dependent nonlinear mechanical parameters was proposed.Based on the CSIRO hollow inclusion strain cell,time-dependent strain correction equations and long-term confining pressure calibration equations were formulated.Finally,the proposed theory was successfully applied at one iron mine(736 m depth)in Xinjiang,China,and one coal mine(510 m depth)in Ningxia,China.Compared to classical theory,the calculated mean stress values showed accuracy improvements of 6.0%and 9.4%,respectively,validating the applicability and reliability of the proposed theory.展开更多
Global population pressures have necessitated increased focus on protecting and developing resilient plant species that can maintain productivity despite environmental challenges.Environmental degradation,driven by cl...Global population pressures have necessitated increased focus on protecting and developing resilient plant species that can maintain productivity despite environmental challenges.Environmental degradation,driven by climate change and anthropogenic activities,poses significant threats to global food security through various forms of physical stress.Major environmental constraints affecting agricultural yields worldwide include salinity,water scarcity,nutritional imbalances(encompassing mineral toxicity and deficiencies),and extreme temperatures.Crop yield is influenced by multiple abiotic factors,including agronomic conditions,climatic variables,and soil nutrient availability.Plants develop various survival mechanisms at molecular,cellular,and physiological levels in response to stress.Abiotic stress,whether occurring individually or in combination,significantly impacts crop growth and productivity.For instance,drought stress reduces leaf area,plant height,and overall crop development.Cold stress inhibits plant development and crop efficiency,leading to diminished productivity.Salinity stress not only induces water stress in plants but also negatively affects cytosolic metabolism,cell development,membrane function,and increases reactive oxygen species(ROS)production.Elevated CO_(2)concentrations may enhance global precipitation patterns,potentially resulting in increased rainfall that can adversely affect crop development.Plants under excessive water stress exhibit reduced amylose content but increased crude protein levels.This affects both quality and quantity of crop production by inhibiting seed germination and causing growth impairment through combined effects of elevated osmotic potential and ion toxicity.Plants have evolved various escape-avoidance and tolerance mechanisms in response to abiotic stress,including physiological adaptations and integrated cellular or molecular responses.This review paper examines the impact of abiotic stress on morpho-physiological,biochemical,and molecular activities across various crops.Additionally,it analyzes crop interactions with abiotic stress regarding response and adaptation mechanisms,providing a fundamental framework for species selection and development of stress-tolerant varieties in the future.展开更多
Background:Childhood leukemia,a malignant proliferative disorder of the hematopoietic system and the most common childhood cancer,poses a significant threat to the lives and health of affected children.For parents,a l...Background:Childhood leukemia,a malignant proliferative disorder of the hematopoietic system and the most common childhood cancer,poses a significant threat to the lives and health of affected children.For parents,a leukemia diagnosis in their child is a profoundly traumatic event.As primary caregivers,they endure immense psychological distress and caregiving stress throughout the prolonged and demanding treatment process,which can adversely affect their own well-being and caregiving capacity.However,the psychological mechanisms,such as the role of mindfulness,linking caregiver stress to parental coping strategies remain underexplored,and evidence-based interventions to support these parents are needed.Methods:In Study 1,we administered a cross-sectional survey to 242 parents of children with leukemia who were hospitalized at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between January and August 2024.Participants completed measures assessing caregiver burden,mindful attention awareness,and parental coping style.In Study 2,we further evaluated the effects of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction(MBSR)intervention.Results:The results of Study 1 revealed:(1)The caregiving stress significantly and negatively predicted coping style(β=−1.18,95%CI[−2.18,−0.18],p<0.01).(2)Caregiving stress also significantly and negatively predicted mindfulness(β=−1.90,95%CI[−2.43,−1.38],p<0.01).(3)Conversely,mindfulness significantly and positively predicted coping style(β=0.85,95%CI[0.62,1.07],p<0.01).These findings suggest that mindfulness mediates the relationship between caregiver burden and coping style.In Study 2,the experimental group showed a significant decrease in caregiver stress post-intervention(t=2.24,p<0.05),a significant increase in mindfulness(t=−4.61,p<0.001),and a significant improvement in coping style(t=−2.36,p<0.01).No significant changes were observed in the control group.Conclusion:MBSR can effectively enhance mindfulness and promote adaptive coping strategies,while reducing caregiver burden among parents of children with leukemia.展开更多
We investigated the influence of historical earthquakes on the 2022 Luding M_(S)6.8 earthquake and its subsequent effects.We computed the viscoelastic Coulomb stress changes induced by these historical seismic events ...We investigated the influence of historical earthquakes on the 2022 Luding M_(S)6.8 earthquake and its subsequent effects.We computed the viscoelastic Coulomb stress changes induced by these historical seismic events using the rupture model of historical earthquakes and the layered Maxwell viscoelastic medium model.Our findings indicate that the Luding earthquake was brought forward approximately 29 years because of several historical earthquakes.Specifically,the 1923 Renda M_(S)7.3 earthquake,the 1933 Diexi M_(S)7.5 earthquake,the 1973 Luhuo M_(S)7.3 earthquake,the 2008 Kangding M_(S)5.1 earthquake,the 2008 Wenchuan M_(S)8.0 earthquake,the 2014 Kangding M_(S)6.3 earthquake,and the 2014 Kangding M_(S)5.8 earthquake advanced the occurrence of the event by 117.61,26.67,84.51,0.27,0.91,7.64,and 3.17 years,respectively.Conversely,the 1936 Mabian earthquake swarm,the 1948 Litang M_(S)7.3 earthquake,the 1955 Kangding M_(S)7.5 earthquake,and the 2013 Lushan M_(S)7.0 earthquake delayed its occurrence by 39.89,22.43,144.23,and 4.89 years,respectively.Furthermore,by employing the halfspace homogeneous elastic model and the rupture characteristics of the Luding earthquake,we computed the coseismic Coulomb stress changes in neighboring faults.Our results reveal increased Coulomb stress on the Xianshuihe fault(excluding its southern segment),the Anninghe fault,the Zemuhe fault,the Daliangshan fault,the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault,the northern segment of the Mabian-Yanjin fault,and the Xiaojinhe fault.Conversely,we observed stress decreases in the southern segment of the Jinshajiang fault,the central and eastern segments of the Longriba fault,the Mabian-Yanjin fault(excluding its northern segment),and the southern segment of the Xianshuihe fault.展开更多
Crop yield and quality are affected by abiotic stresses such as drought,low and high temperature,salinity,and heavy metals,which threaten the survival of human beings and the development of industry.As a new plant hor...Crop yield and quality are affected by abiotic stresses such as drought,low and high temperature,salinity,and heavy metals,which threaten the survival of human beings and the development of industry.As a new plant hormone derived from carotenoid,strigolactone(SL)is produced in the roots of plants.It was first reported that SL can induce seed germination of root-parasitic plants.In recent years,it has been shown that strigolactone plays a regulatory role in plant response to abiotic stresses.By eliminating oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species,it can potentially increase photosynthetic rate,chlorophyll content,and thus enhance plant drought resistance.Transcriptome studies have explored signal transduction,antioxidant enzyme activity,transcription factors,and expression of stress-and metabolism-related genes induced by extrinsic strigolactone in plants,the effects of strigolactone on plant growth and development have been preliminarily determined,but the studies on inducing crop tolerance to abiotic stresses are still unknown.In this review,the physiological and molecular aspects of the induction of the response to stress in horticultural crops by strigolactone were reviewed.It is important to improve the tolerance and productivity of horticultural crops under abiotic stress.展开更多
Water inrush hazards from the floor strata of longwall workingface are commonly encountered in North China coalfields,which essentially result from the evolution of permeability in the floor rock under complex mining-...Water inrush hazards from the floor strata of longwall workingface are commonly encountered in North China coalfields,which essentially result from the evolution of permeability in the floor rock under complex mining-induced stress conditions.Current research rarely addresses the evolution of rock permeability under such complex stress paths.Describing this evolution using only one stress parameter,such as effective stress,deviatoric stress,axial stress,or confining stress,is highly challenging.In this study,we developed a laboratory loading scheme that simulates mining-induced stress evolution.Hydro-mechanical experiments were conducted to investigate the evolution of rock permeability under mining stress.The mechanism on the change of stress-permeability relationships in mining-disturbed rock is revealed,supporting to the analysis of management strategies for floor water-inrush disasters.The results show that rock permeability evolves through four stages,including rapid decline,gradual fluctuation,sharp increase,and slow attenuation.1–2 permeability surges occurred during mining-stress loading,closely linked to the emergence and reversal of deviatoric stress in magnitude and direction.With the first permeability surge,the deviatoric stress within the mudstone reached approximately 1.7 MPa,whereas that of the sandstone was about 1 MPa.The second permeability surge in the mudstone corresponded to the secondary rotation of the principal stress direction.CT and ultrasonic tests suggested an increase in microcracks in both rocks during the first permeability surge.However,the deviatoric stress-permeability plot before and after mining indicated that the fracture of mudstone sample changed significantly,while that of the sandstone remained unchanged.The permeability surges observed at different stages are interpreted as resulting from shear-induced reopening of pre-existing fractures and the formation of new shear-failure fractures.A stress-permeability model jointly governed by effective mean stress and deviatoric stress was established.Furthermore,two strategies are proposed for the floor water-inrush disasters prevention,(i)timely backfilling to reduce deviatoric stress,(ii)grouting after the first permeability surge.This work provides insights into stress-seepage behavior in rocks under complex stress evolution and offers new perspectives for identifying potential water inrush pathways in the floor strata of coal seam during longwall mining.展开更多
As a specific spoilage organism of seafood under refrigerated temperature conditions,Shewanella spp.tend to form biofilms that exacerbate the occurrence of seafood spoilage.Biofilm-promoting factor A(BpfA)has been rep...As a specific spoilage organism of seafood under refrigerated temperature conditions,Shewanella spp.tend to form biofilms that exacerbate the occurrence of seafood spoilage.Biofilm-promoting factor A(BpfA)has been reported to promote the adhesion and biofilm formation of Shewanella spp.,but its role in adhesion and biofilm formation of S.putrefaciens under cold stress needs to be further investigated.To better comprehend the effect of BpfA on adhesion and biofilm formation of S.putrefaciens under cold stress(4℃),bacterial adhesion and biofilm phenotype of S.putrefaciens CN32 WT andΔbpfA at 4℃were analyzed and performed transcriptomics.The results showed that the deletion of bpfA had almost no effect on the growth of S.putrefaciens CN32 at 4℃,but weakened the unicellular adhesion capacity of S.putrefaciens CN32 and destabilized the stability of the multicellular adhesion layer.In addition,the biomass of the mature biofilm formed byΔbpfA was merely around 50%of that observed in the mature biofilm of S.putrefaciens CN32 WT,the average thickness and volume of the biofilm decreased by 18%and 27%,respectively,and the composition of the biofilm changed.Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the deletion of bpfA led to differential expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways such as bacterial chemotaxis,two-component system,tyrosine metabolism,drug metabolism-other enzymes and biofilm formation-Vibrio cholerae,which in turn influenced bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation.Those results advance our acknowledgment of the character of BpfA on adhesion and biofilm formation of S.putrefaciens CN32,which contributes to understanding bacterial adhesion and the control of biofilm formation.展开更多
To address the key scientific challenge of monitoring the dynamic fracturing of surrounding rock in deep roadways,this study systematically investigates the quantitative relationship between stress and charge signals ...To address the key scientific challenge of monitoring the dynamic fracturing of surrounding rock in deep roadways,this study systematically investigates the quantitative relationship between stress and charge signals during coal mass loading.By integrating innovative analytical approaches,introducing quantitative evaluation indices,and developing a charge–stress inversion model,and incorporating underground monitoring practices,significant progress has been achieved in elucidating the correlation between stress variations and charge signals throughout the entire coal mass fracturing process.First,in the field of stress–charge correlation analysis,empirical mode decomposition(EMD)was combined with wavelet coherence analysis for the first time,enabling the removal of slow-varying stress trends while retaining high-frequency fluctuations.This approach allowed for the quantitative characterization of the evolution of coherence between stress variations and charge fluctuations across multiple time scales.Second,coherence skewness and the proportion of high-coherence intervals were innovatively introduced to examine the influence of time scale selection on correlation results.On this basis,a criterion for determining the near-optimal observation scale of charge signals was proposed,providing a quantitative reference for time scale selection in similar signal analyses.Finally,by correlating charge signals with coal damage factors and stress states,a charge-based damage evolution equation was established to achieve effective stress inversion.Combined with in situ monitoring of stress and charge in roadway surrounding rock,this approach revealed the correlation characteristics of stress and charge intensity responses during the dynamic fracturing process.The results indicate,first,that charge signals are not significantly correlated with the absolute stress level of coal but are directly associated with stress variations following coal damage and failure,with the amplitude of charge fluctuations increasing alongside stress fluctuations.Second,coherence between stress and charge signals varies markedly across time scales,with excessively small or large scales leading to distortion,and the scale corresponding to the peak proportion of intervals with coherence>0.8 was identified as the near-optimal observation scale.Third,charge signals can effectively characterize coal damage factors,and the established damage evolution equation can effectively invert stress variation trends.Fourth,in underground roadways,zones of dynamic fracturing in surrounding rock are commonly located in areas where stress concentration overlaps with regions of high charge intensity,further confirming the strong consistency between charge and stress variations.These findings improve the theoretical framework of charge signal responses in loaded coal and provide a scientific basis for precise“stress-charge”monitoring of dynamic disasters,offering practical potential for engineering applications.展开更多
Drought stress is a serious natural challenge for tea plants that significantly affects tea yield and quality.miR171s play critical roles in plant stress responses,however,their role in drought stress tolerance in tea...Drought stress is a serious natural challenge for tea plants that significantly affects tea yield and quality.miR171s play critical roles in plant stress responses,however,their role in drought stress tolerance in tea plants(Camellia sinensis)is poorly understood.This study experimentally verified the expression patterns of csn-miR171b-3p_2 and its target,scarecrow-like(SCL).We found that csn-miR171b-3p_2 could target and regulate CsSCL6-4 to play an important role in the defense against drought stress in tea plants.CsSCL6-4 is located in the nucleus and is selfactivated in vivo.In addition,we obtained 819 putative binding regions of CsSCL6-4 using DNA affinity purification sequencing analysis,which were assigned to 786 different genes,four of which were drought-resistant genes(CsPrx,CsSDR,CsFAD7,and CsCER1).Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed that CsSCL6-4 directly promoted the expression of these four drought resistance genes by binding motifs 1/2/3 in their promoter regions.Both overexpression and suppression of CsSCL6-4 proved that CsSCL6-4 participated in the defense against drought stress in tea plants by regulating the expression of CsPrx,CsSDR,CsFAD7,and CsCER1.In addition,suppression of csn-miR171b-3p_2 expression significantly increased the expression of CsSCL6-4 and activated CsSCL6-4-bound gene transcription under drought stress.Therefore,the csn-miR171b-3p_2-CsSCL6-4 module participates in tea plant resistance to drought stress by promoting the expression of drought resistance genes.Our results revealed the function of csn-miR171b-3p_2 in tea plants and provided new insights into the mechanism of tea plant resistance to drought stress.展开更多
Background Fast-growing broilers are poorly adapted to heat.Adjusting feed composition may mitigate heat stress(HS)effects in temperate climates,while maintaining performance and health during cooler days.Methods One ...Background Fast-growing broilers are poorly adapted to heat.Adjusting feed composition may mitigate heat stress(HS)effects in temperate climates,while maintaining performance and health during cooler days.Methods One thousand nine hundred and twenty Ross 308 male broilers were housed in 64 pens in 4 climate-controlled rooms,2 under cyclical HS(d 28–43;32±2℃;60%–70%RH;09:30–15:30)and 2 under thermoneutral(TN)conditions.In the finisher phase,broilers were allocated to 4 dietary treatments,analyzed values are given except for metabolizable energy(ME):low crude protein(CP)and control fat(LowCP-ConF;17.0%CP,5.9%crude fat(CF),2,925 kcal/kg ME),low CP and high fat(LowCP-HighF;17.2%CP,7.9%CF,3,019 kcal/kg ME),control CP and high fat(ConCP-HighF;18.1%CP,8.0%CF,2,992 kcal/kg ME)and a basal control(ConCP-ConF;18.7%CP,6.3%CF,2,913 kcal/kg ME).LowCP diets contained control levels of digestible amino acids.Results During the finisher phase,compared to control CP levels,LowCP increased average daily feed intake(ADFI)(+2.15%;P=0.020)and affected average daily gain(ADG)and feed conversion ratio(FCR)negatively under TN(-3.77%and+6.49%;P=0.003 and P<0.001,respectively),but not during HS.Compared to control CF,HighF decreased ADFI during TN and HS(-3.16%and-3.17%;P<0.001 and P=0.022)and reduced ADG in TN groups(-3.17%;P=0.010),but not during HS.Mortality was higher in broilers receiving HighF during HS(P=0.040).Slaughter weights were unaffected.LowCP decreased plasma uric acid and lactate dehydrogenase levels during TN,but increased plasma glucose during HS.LowCP increased breast meat redness(a*)during TN and HS(P<0.05).HighF decreased fat(-1.68%;P=0.017),but increased protein levels(+1.53%;P<0.001)in breast meat of HS-broilers.Conclusion LowCP and HighF impaired performance under TN but not under HS.HighF increased mortality under HS,yet improved breast meat composition.These findings highlight the challenge of designing an optimal diet for both conditions and underscore the need to better understand amino acid needs and energy-to-protein ratios during HS.展开更多
Background Heat stress(HS)is posing as a tremendous threat to the swine industry,due to the thermos-sensitive gonads of boars.Testes are immune-privileged organs in which spermatogenesis needs to remain undisturbed,wh...Background Heat stress(HS)is posing as a tremendous threat to the swine industry,due to the thermos-sensitive gonads of boars.Testes are immune-privileged organs in which spermatogenesis needs to remain undisturbed,whereas immune cells are thermo-sensitive,especially macrophages,which are the most abundant testicular immune cells.Our study aimed to unveil the underlying immune responses and assess their consequences on the semen quality of boars under HS.The results will aid in addressing environmental temperature-related seasonal infertility and in selecting the best boar for use in artificial insemination.Methods The 3-week experiment assigned 268-week-old Rongchang male pigs into thermal neutral pair-feed(TN-PF)and HS groups.During the last 2 weeks,which served as the HS period,the HS group was subjected to 14-day 35±1℃,while the TN-PF group was kept at 26±1℃.Pig gonad tissues were sampled at the end of HS period for assessments and measurements.Results Our findings confirmed HS-related reactions such as elevated respiration rate(P<0.05)and elevated heat shock protein 60(HSP60;P<0.05)and heat shock protein 90(HSP90;P<0.05)expression levels.Sperm motility(P=0.06)and progressive sperms(P=0.08)were decreased under HS as was a significant reduction in average straight-line velocity(VSL;P<0.05).Additionally,total abnormality levels increased(P<0.05).Fibrosis,caspase-3 expression,and accumulations of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α;P<0.05)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β;P<0.05),along with an elevated macrophage composition(P<0.05)characterized the orchitis under HS.Single cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)revealed fluctuations in engulfing and inflammatory signals in testicular macrophages(TMs).In particular,the complement cascade was promoted by CD163+macrophages,resulting in membrane attack complex(C5b-9)assembly(P<0.05).Linear regressions further revealed a negative correlation between C5b-9 and sperm motility(P<0.05),as well as near-negative correlations between the C5b-9 and both progressive motility(P=0.08)and VSL(P=0.06).Conclusions Our findings highlighted the relationship between HS,the onset of orchitis,and the activation of the complement system,all of which decreased the boar semen quality.展开更多
Objectives:Healthcare students experience significant stress due to their rigorous graduate school curricula.These levels of stress are associated with higher risks of depression,self-harm,and exhaustion.Coping interv...Objectives:Healthcare students experience significant stress due to their rigorous graduate school curricula.These levels of stress are associated with higher risks of depression,self-harm,and exhaustion.Coping interventions have been shown to help students develop healthy stress coping strategies.The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the diverse array of coping interventions and what characteristics of coping interventions were most effective at decreasing stress among healthcare students.Methods:Any intervention designed to address coping for academic stress was included among medical,dental,nursing,physician assistant,allied health,veterinary,psychology,etc.students.A comprehensive literature search was completed to include multiple databases,Ancestry,and hand-searching from EBSCO and Google Scholar articles.A final total of 17 studies were included.Standardized mean difference effect sizes(ES)were synthesized across studies using a random-effects model in the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software for changes in coping levels in healthcare students.Moderator analyses were performed to explore the study,intervention,and participants’characteristics.The risk of bias was assessed by RoB2 and ROBINS-I.Results:Coping interventions significantly reduced stress outcomes among healthcare students(d=0.74;95%CI[0.48–1.01],95%PI[−0.41–1.90],p<0.001,Q=228.49,I^(2)=93.0%,T=0.52,T^(2)=0.28,p<0.001).Moderator analysis showed that interventions with stress education,established professional guidance,and fewer hours led to better stress management outcomes.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that coping interventions produce an overall moderate-to-large effect on stress reduction.Future research investigating coping interventions on academic and long-term outcomes would be beneficial.展开更多
The curing behavior of composites significantly influences their performance,making it crucial to understand the curing process.This study experimentally measured specific heat capacity,thermal conductivity,glass tran...The curing behavior of composites significantly influences their performance,making it crucial to understand the curing process.This study experimentally measured specific heat capacity,thermal conductivity,glass transition temperature,coefficient of thermal expansion,and cure shrinkage of materials.A simulation model of its curing deformation was established and validated against strain data obtained from fiber Bragg grating experiments.The effects of thickness,heating rate,and cooling rate on the curing temperature field and residual stress field during the molding of thick-section composite plates were analyzed.展开更多
The unfolded protein response is a cellular pathway activated to maintain proteostasis and prevent cell death when the endoplasmic reticulum is overwhelmed by unfolded proteins.However,if the unfolded protein response...The unfolded protein response is a cellular pathway activated to maintain proteostasis and prevent cell death when the endoplasmic reticulum is overwhelmed by unfolded proteins.However,if the unfolded protein response fails to restore endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis,it can trigger proinflammatory and pro-death signals,which are implicated in various malignancies and are currently being investigated for their role in retinal degenerative diseases.This paper reviews the role of the unfolded protein responsein addressing endoplasmic reticulumstress in retinal degenerative diseases.The accumulation of ubiquitylated misfolded proteins can lead to rapid destabilization of the proteome and cellular demise.Targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress to alleviate retinal pathologies involves multiple strategies,including the use of chemical chaperones such as 4-phenylbutyric acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid,which enhance protein folding and reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress.Small molecule modulators that influence endoplasmic reticulum stress sensors,including those that increase the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum stress regulator X-box binding protein 1,are also potential therapeutic agents.Additionally,inhibitors of the RNAse activity of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1,a key endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor,represent another class of drugs that could prevent the formation of toxic aggregates.The activation of nuclear receptors,such as PPAR and FXR,may also help mitigate ER stress.Furthermore,enhancing proteolysis through the induction of autophagy or the inhibition of deubiquitinating enzymes can assist in clearing misfolded proteins.Combination treatments that involve endoplasmicreticulum-stress-targeting drugs and gene therapies are also being explored.Despite these potential therapeutic strategies,significant challenges remain in targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress for the treatment of retinal degeneration,and further research is essential to elucidate the mechanisms underlying human retinal diseases and to develop effective,well-tolerated drugs.The use of existing drugs that target inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1 and X-box binding protein 1 has been associated with adverse side effects,which have hindered their clinical translation.Moreover,signaling pathways downstream of endoplasmic reticulum stress sensors can contribute to therapy resistance.Addressing these limitations is crucial for developing drugs that can be effectively used in treating retinal dystrophies.In conclusion,while the unfolded protein response is a promising therapeutic target in retinal degenerative diseases,additional research and development efforts are imperative to overcome the current limitations and improve patient outcomes.展开更多
基金Projects(52222810,52178383)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘Axial chain rockbursts(ACRs)repeatedly occur in deep tunnels during drilling and blasting methodology(D&B)within locked-in stress zones,severely hindering construction progress.In extremely cases,ACRs can persist for 7−10 d and affect areas exceeding 20 m along tunnel axis.Through integrated geological investigations and microseismic(MS)monitoring,the geological characteristics,MS activity patterns,and formation mechanisms of ACRs were analyzed.In tectonically active regions,locked-in stress zones arise from interactions between multiple structural planes.Blasting dynamic disturbances during tunnel excavation in these zones trigger early slippage along structural planes and fractures in the surrounding rock,with MS events developing ahead of the working face.High-energy MS events dominate during the development and occurrence stages of ACRs,extending 20−30 m(3−4 tunnel diameters)ahead of the working face.Following the ACRs,low-energy MS events primarily occur behind the working face.Tensile fracturing is the predominant failure mode during ACRs.Shear and mixed fractures primarily occur within the ACRs zone during the intra-ACR phase.Monitoring MS event locations ahead of the working face provides a reliable approach for prewarning potential ACR-prone zones.
文摘Rocks are composed of mineral particles and micropores between mineral which has a great influence on the mechanical properties of rocks. In this paper, based on the theory of locked-in stress developed by academician Chen Zongji, the locked-in stress problem in underground rock is simulated by the thermal expansion of hard rubber particles. The pore inclusion in rock is assumed to be uniformly distributed spherical cavities. Using the thermal stress theory, the stress of rock with a spherical pore inclusion is equivalent to the thermal stress generated by the spherical hard rubber inclusion. The elastic theory formula of the temperature increment and the equivalent pore pressure of the spherical hard rubber inclusion is derived. The numerical simulation of the rock mass model with a spherical hard rubber inclusion is carried out and compared to the theoretical calculation results<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:;" minion="" pro="" capt",serif;font-size:10pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;"="">;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:;" minion="" pro="" capt",serif;font-size:10pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;"=""> the results show that they are consistent. The method proposed by this paper for simulating stress distribution in rock by thermal stress is reasonable and feasible</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:;" minion="" pro="" capt",serif;font-size:10pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;"="">;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:;" minion="" pro="" capt",serif;font-size:10pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;"=""> it has a positive meaning for further study of mechanic phenomenon of rock with micropore inclusion.</span>
基金supported by the Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City (SKJC-JYRC-2024-26)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32460072)+4 种基金Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (323RC421)the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund (ZDYF2022XDNY144)the Hainan Provincial Academician Innovation Platform Project (HDYSZX-202004)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University (XTCX2022NYB06)Hainan Postdoctoral Research Grant Project
文摘In light of the pressing global challenges of climate change,declining crop resilience,and hidden hunger,it is imperative to overcome the limitations of conventional crop breeding to enhance both the nutritional quality and stress tolerance of crops.Synthetic metabolic engineering presents innovative strategies for the precision modification and de novo design of metabolic pathways.This approach generally encompasses three essential steps:identifying key metabolites through metabolomics,integrating multi-omics technologies to investigate the synthesis and regulation of these metabolites,and utilizing gene editing or de novo design to modify crop metabolic pathways associated with desirable agronomic traits.This review underscores the vital role of plant metabolite diversity in enhancing crop nutritional quality and stress resilience.Integrated multi-omics analyses facilitate the metabolic engineering by identifying key genes,transporters,and transcription factors that regulate metabolite biosynthesis.Precision modification strategies employ genome editing tools to reprogram endogenous metabolic networks,while de novo design reconstructs metabolic pathways through the introduction of exogenous biological elements—thereby both approaches enable the targeted enhancement of desired traits.These strategies have been effectively implemented in major food crops.However,simultaneously enhancing nutritional quality and stress resilience remains challenging due to inherent trade-offs and resource competition in distinct metabolic pathways within plants.Future research should integrate AI-driven predictive models with multi-omics datasets to decipher dynamic metabolic homeostasis and engineer climate-smart crops that maximize yield while preserving quality and environmental adaptability.
基金financially supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2024YFNH0016,2024NSFSC2072)the earmarked fund for CARS(CARS-45)+2 种基金the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(32425056)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2400600)Sichuan Innovation Team of National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(SCCXTD-2024-15)。
文摘Background Environmental hypoxia is a common phenomenon in aquaculture,which causes gill tissue injury in fish.Glutathione(GSH)is a vital antioxidant in animal tissues,and its levels decrease under hypoxic conditions.However,the effects of glutathione on fish under hypoxic stress remain poorly understood.This study aimed to investigate the impact of glutathione on gill tissue damage in fish under hypoxic stress and explore the underlying mechanisms.Methods Six experimental diets with varying glutathione concentrations.The actual glutathione levels in these diets,measured by high-performance liquid chromatography,were 0.00,145.95,291.90,437.85,583.80,and 729.75 mg/kg,respectively.Fish were fed these diets for 70 d,after which a 96-h hypoxic stress experiment was conducted.The experiment was set up with normoxic and hypoxic groups,in which the dissolved oxygen in the group was 6 mg/L,and that in the group was 1 mg/L.Results This research revealed that glutathione could enhance the growth performance and antioxidant capability of juvenile grass carp while mitigating the structural damage to gill tissues induced by hypoxia stress.Mechanistic investigations further indicated that glutathione mitigated hypoxia-induced oxidative injury in gill tissues and improved their antioxidant capacity.In addition,glutathione attenuated gill apoptosis induced by hypoxia stress.Glutathione also inhibited the initiation,nucleation,elongation,and degradation phases of autophagy,thereby attenuating hypoxia-induced gill autophagy.Moreover,glutathione was found to alleviate hypoxia-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)in gills,a response potentially linked to the suppression of PERK,IRE1,and ATF6 signaling pathways.Finally,based on the ROS and PC contents in gill tissue,the optimum glutathione supplementation levels for juvenile grass carp under hypoxia stress were 437.10 and 495.00 mg/kg,respectively.Conclusions In conclusion,our experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of glutathione in alleviating gill tissue damage caused by hypoxic stress.This study confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of dietary glutathione addition to alleviate hypoxic stress in fish.
文摘Protein aggregates,mitochondrial import stress and neurodegenerative disorders:A salient hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson’s disease,is the abundance of protein aggregates(Goiran et al.,2022).This molecular event is believed to lead to activation of stress pathways ultimately resulting in cellular dysfunction(Eldeeb et al.,2022).Accordingly,many lines of research investigations focused on dampening the formation of protein aggregates or augmenting the clearance of protein aggregates as a potential therapeutic strategy to counteract the progression of neurodegenerative diseases,albeit with little success(Costa-Mattioli and Walter,2020).Cell stress cues such as the accumulation of protein aggregates lead to the activation of stress response pathways that aid cells in responding to the damage.Despite the notion that the transient activation of these pathways helps cells cope with stressors,persistent activation can induce unwanted apoptosis of cells and reduce overall tissue strength as well as lead to an accumulation of aggregation-prone proteins(Hetz and Papa,2018).Mutations in proteins involved in stress signaling termination can cause conditions like ataxia and early-onset dementia(Conroy et al.,2014).Therefore,it is crucial for stress response signaling to be turned off once conditions have improved.Nevertheless,the mechanisms by which cells silence these signals are still elusive.
基金support from the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.KYCX24_2822)the Graduate Innovation Program of China University of Mining and Technology(Grant No.2024WLKXJ205)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52474157).
文摘Excavation causes stress redistribution and affects the stress path during the shearing process of rock.The shear strength of rock varies under different stress paths,and the presence of defects reduces the shear strength.To further investigate this phenomenon,this study investigates the shear behaviour of rocks with different shear surface integrities under the influenceof different stress paths through laboratory tests and numerical simulations.The results indicate that the shear strength depends on the stress path and a decrease in the shear surface integrity reduces the degree of dependence.The cohesion and friction angle of the Mohr‒Coulomb criterion decrease with weakening of the shear surface integrity.For different stress paths,the direct shear strength is always greater than that of other shear stress paths.The pattern of changes in the acoustic emission count and cumulative count indirectly reflectsthe above findings.Numerical simulations further indicate that the different principal stress states and normal suppression effects during the shearing process lead to changes in the factors of crack propagation,resulting in different mechanical behaviours under various stress paths.For rocks with different integrity levels,the main reason for the different path dependences of shear strength is that the size of the area affected by shear is different.Shear failure will concentrate on the shear plane when the normal inhibition effect is greater.This study explores the mechanism of rock shear behaviour,providing a theoretical basis for establishing more accurate constitutive models and strength criteria.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2024ZD1700201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2034206,51974014 and 51574014)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A1515011631)the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2022YFC3004601)。
文摘In-situ stress is a key parameter for underground mine design and rock stability analysis.The borehole overcoring technique is widely used for in-situ stress measurement,but the rheological recovery deformation of rocks after stress relief introduces errors.To improve accuracy,this study proposes an in-situ stress solution theory that incorporates time-dependent stress relief effects.Triaxial stepwise loadingunloading rheological tests on granite and siltstone established quantitative relationships between instantaneous elastic recovery and viscoelastic recovery under different stress levels,confirming their impact on measurement accuracy.By integrating a dual-class elastic deformation recovery model,an improved in-situ stress solution theory was derived.Additionally,accounting for the nonlinear characteristics of rock masses,a determination method for time-dependent nonlinear mechanical parameters was proposed.Based on the CSIRO hollow inclusion strain cell,time-dependent strain correction equations and long-term confining pressure calibration equations were formulated.Finally,the proposed theory was successfully applied at one iron mine(736 m depth)in Xinjiang,China,and one coal mine(510 m depth)in Ningxia,China.Compared to classical theory,the calculated mean stress values showed accuracy improvements of 6.0%and 9.4%,respectively,validating the applicability and reliability of the proposed theory.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFE0113400)the Jiangsu Provincial Fund for Realizing Carbon Emission Peaking and Neutralization,China(BE2022305)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Fundation of China(32102411)the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722698)。
文摘Global population pressures have necessitated increased focus on protecting and developing resilient plant species that can maintain productivity despite environmental challenges.Environmental degradation,driven by climate change and anthropogenic activities,poses significant threats to global food security through various forms of physical stress.Major environmental constraints affecting agricultural yields worldwide include salinity,water scarcity,nutritional imbalances(encompassing mineral toxicity and deficiencies),and extreme temperatures.Crop yield is influenced by multiple abiotic factors,including agronomic conditions,climatic variables,and soil nutrient availability.Plants develop various survival mechanisms at molecular,cellular,and physiological levels in response to stress.Abiotic stress,whether occurring individually or in combination,significantly impacts crop growth and productivity.For instance,drought stress reduces leaf area,plant height,and overall crop development.Cold stress inhibits plant development and crop efficiency,leading to diminished productivity.Salinity stress not only induces water stress in plants but also negatively affects cytosolic metabolism,cell development,membrane function,and increases reactive oxygen species(ROS)production.Elevated CO_(2)concentrations may enhance global precipitation patterns,potentially resulting in increased rainfall that can adversely affect crop development.Plants under excessive water stress exhibit reduced amylose content but increased crude protein levels.This affects both quality and quantity of crop production by inhibiting seed germination and causing growth impairment through combined effects of elevated osmotic potential and ion toxicity.Plants have evolved various escape-avoidance and tolerance mechanisms in response to abiotic stress,including physiological adaptations and integrated cellular or molecular responses.This review paper examines the impact of abiotic stress on morpho-physiological,biochemical,and molecular activities across various crops.Additionally,it analyzes crop interactions with abiotic stress regarding response and adaptation mechanisms,providing a fundamental framework for species selection and development of stress-tolerant varieties in the future.
基金approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Northwest Normal University(Approval No.:[2023028]).All participants signed the informed consent in this study.
文摘Background:Childhood leukemia,a malignant proliferative disorder of the hematopoietic system and the most common childhood cancer,poses a significant threat to the lives and health of affected children.For parents,a leukemia diagnosis in their child is a profoundly traumatic event.As primary caregivers,they endure immense psychological distress and caregiving stress throughout the prolonged and demanding treatment process,which can adversely affect their own well-being and caregiving capacity.However,the psychological mechanisms,such as the role of mindfulness,linking caregiver stress to parental coping strategies remain underexplored,and evidence-based interventions to support these parents are needed.Methods:In Study 1,we administered a cross-sectional survey to 242 parents of children with leukemia who were hospitalized at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between January and August 2024.Participants completed measures assessing caregiver burden,mindful attention awareness,and parental coping style.In Study 2,we further evaluated the effects of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction(MBSR)intervention.Results:The results of Study 1 revealed:(1)The caregiving stress significantly and negatively predicted coping style(β=−1.18,95%CI[−2.18,−0.18],p<0.01).(2)Caregiving stress also significantly and negatively predicted mindfulness(β=−1.90,95%CI[−2.43,−1.38],p<0.01).(3)Conversely,mindfulness significantly and positively predicted coping style(β=0.85,95%CI[0.62,1.07],p<0.01).These findings suggest that mindfulness mediates the relationship between caregiver burden and coping style.In Study 2,the experimental group showed a significant decrease in caregiver stress post-intervention(t=2.24,p<0.05),a significant increase in mindfulness(t=−4.61,p<0.001),and a significant improvement in coping style(t=−2.36,p<0.01).No significant changes were observed in the control group.Conclusion:MBSR can effectively enhance mindfulness and promote adaptive coping strategies,while reducing caregiver burden among parents of children with leukemia.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42174074,and 41674055).
文摘We investigated the influence of historical earthquakes on the 2022 Luding M_(S)6.8 earthquake and its subsequent effects.We computed the viscoelastic Coulomb stress changes induced by these historical seismic events using the rupture model of historical earthquakes and the layered Maxwell viscoelastic medium model.Our findings indicate that the Luding earthquake was brought forward approximately 29 years because of several historical earthquakes.Specifically,the 1923 Renda M_(S)7.3 earthquake,the 1933 Diexi M_(S)7.5 earthquake,the 1973 Luhuo M_(S)7.3 earthquake,the 2008 Kangding M_(S)5.1 earthquake,the 2008 Wenchuan M_(S)8.0 earthquake,the 2014 Kangding M_(S)6.3 earthquake,and the 2014 Kangding M_(S)5.8 earthquake advanced the occurrence of the event by 117.61,26.67,84.51,0.27,0.91,7.64,and 3.17 years,respectively.Conversely,the 1936 Mabian earthquake swarm,the 1948 Litang M_(S)7.3 earthquake,the 1955 Kangding M_(S)7.5 earthquake,and the 2013 Lushan M_(S)7.0 earthquake delayed its occurrence by 39.89,22.43,144.23,and 4.89 years,respectively.Furthermore,by employing the halfspace homogeneous elastic model and the rupture characteristics of the Luding earthquake,we computed the coseismic Coulomb stress changes in neighboring faults.Our results reveal increased Coulomb stress on the Xianshuihe fault(excluding its southern segment),the Anninghe fault,the Zemuhe fault,the Daliangshan fault,the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault,the northern segment of the Mabian-Yanjin fault,and the Xiaojinhe fault.Conversely,we observed stress decreases in the southern segment of the Jinshajiang fault,the central and eastern segments of the Longriba fault,the Mabian-Yanjin fault(excluding its northern segment),and the southern segment of the Xianshuihe fault.
基金supported by the Special projects on biological seed industry and intensive processing of agricultural products(Grant No.202402AE090004-02)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFD2001404)+1 种基金Technology talent and platform program(Grant No.202305AF150112)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Grant No.CARS-29-zp-6).
文摘Crop yield and quality are affected by abiotic stresses such as drought,low and high temperature,salinity,and heavy metals,which threaten the survival of human beings and the development of industry.As a new plant hormone derived from carotenoid,strigolactone(SL)is produced in the roots of plants.It was first reported that SL can induce seed germination of root-parasitic plants.In recent years,it has been shown that strigolactone plays a regulatory role in plant response to abiotic stresses.By eliminating oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species,it can potentially increase photosynthetic rate,chlorophyll content,and thus enhance plant drought resistance.Transcriptome studies have explored signal transduction,antioxidant enzyme activity,transcription factors,and expression of stress-and metabolism-related genes induced by extrinsic strigolactone in plants,the effects of strigolactone on plant growth and development have been preliminarily determined,but the studies on inducing crop tolerance to abiotic stresses are still unknown.In this review,the physiological and molecular aspects of the induction of the response to stress in horticultural crops by strigolactone were reviewed.It is important to improve the tolerance and productivity of horticultural crops under abiotic stress.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U22A20165 and 52474156)the Key Research and Development Program of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region(No.2023B01010-1)the China Scholarship Council(No.202406420054).
文摘Water inrush hazards from the floor strata of longwall workingface are commonly encountered in North China coalfields,which essentially result from the evolution of permeability in the floor rock under complex mining-induced stress conditions.Current research rarely addresses the evolution of rock permeability under such complex stress paths.Describing this evolution using only one stress parameter,such as effective stress,deviatoric stress,axial stress,or confining stress,is highly challenging.In this study,we developed a laboratory loading scheme that simulates mining-induced stress evolution.Hydro-mechanical experiments were conducted to investigate the evolution of rock permeability under mining stress.The mechanism on the change of stress-permeability relationships in mining-disturbed rock is revealed,supporting to the analysis of management strategies for floor water-inrush disasters.The results show that rock permeability evolves through four stages,including rapid decline,gradual fluctuation,sharp increase,and slow attenuation.1–2 permeability surges occurred during mining-stress loading,closely linked to the emergence and reversal of deviatoric stress in magnitude and direction.With the first permeability surge,the deviatoric stress within the mudstone reached approximately 1.7 MPa,whereas that of the sandstone was about 1 MPa.The second permeability surge in the mudstone corresponded to the secondary rotation of the principal stress direction.CT and ultrasonic tests suggested an increase in microcracks in both rocks during the first permeability surge.However,the deviatoric stress-permeability plot before and after mining indicated that the fracture of mudstone sample changed significantly,while that of the sandstone remained unchanged.The permeability surges observed at different stages are interpreted as resulting from shear-induced reopening of pre-existing fractures and the formation of new shear-failure fractures.A stress-permeability model jointly governed by effective mean stress and deviatoric stress was established.Furthermore,two strategies are proposed for the floor water-inrush disasters prevention,(i)timely backfilling to reduce deviatoric stress,(ii)grouting after the first permeability surge.This work provides insights into stress-seepage behavior in rocks under complex stress evolution and offers new perspectives for identifying potential water inrush pathways in the floor strata of coal seam during longwall mining.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472401).
文摘As a specific spoilage organism of seafood under refrigerated temperature conditions,Shewanella spp.tend to form biofilms that exacerbate the occurrence of seafood spoilage.Biofilm-promoting factor A(BpfA)has been reported to promote the adhesion and biofilm formation of Shewanella spp.,but its role in adhesion and biofilm formation of S.putrefaciens under cold stress needs to be further investigated.To better comprehend the effect of BpfA on adhesion and biofilm formation of S.putrefaciens under cold stress(4℃),bacterial adhesion and biofilm phenotype of S.putrefaciens CN32 WT andΔbpfA at 4℃were analyzed and performed transcriptomics.The results showed that the deletion of bpfA had almost no effect on the growth of S.putrefaciens CN32 at 4℃,but weakened the unicellular adhesion capacity of S.putrefaciens CN32 and destabilized the stability of the multicellular adhesion layer.In addition,the biomass of the mature biofilm formed byΔbpfA was merely around 50%of that observed in the mature biofilm of S.putrefaciens CN32 WT,the average thickness and volume of the biofilm decreased by 18%and 27%,respectively,and the composition of the biofilm changed.Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the deletion of bpfA led to differential expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways such as bacterial chemotaxis,two-component system,tyrosine metabolism,drug metabolism-other enzymes and biofilm formation-Vibrio cholerae,which in turn influenced bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation.Those results advance our acknowledgment of the character of BpfA on adhesion and biofilm formation of S.putrefaciens CN32,which contributes to understanding bacterial adhesion and the control of biofilm formation.
基金supported by the Research Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52374205)the Fundamental Research Project of the Educational Department of Liaoning Province(No.JYTMS20230793)the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining,CUMT(No.YJY-XD-2024-A-016).
文摘To address the key scientific challenge of monitoring the dynamic fracturing of surrounding rock in deep roadways,this study systematically investigates the quantitative relationship between stress and charge signals during coal mass loading.By integrating innovative analytical approaches,introducing quantitative evaluation indices,and developing a charge–stress inversion model,and incorporating underground monitoring practices,significant progress has been achieved in elucidating the correlation between stress variations and charge signals throughout the entire coal mass fracturing process.First,in the field of stress–charge correlation analysis,empirical mode decomposition(EMD)was combined with wavelet coherence analysis for the first time,enabling the removal of slow-varying stress trends while retaining high-frequency fluctuations.This approach allowed for the quantitative characterization of the evolution of coherence between stress variations and charge fluctuations across multiple time scales.Second,coherence skewness and the proportion of high-coherence intervals were innovatively introduced to examine the influence of time scale selection on correlation results.On this basis,a criterion for determining the near-optimal observation scale of charge signals was proposed,providing a quantitative reference for time scale selection in similar signal analyses.Finally,by correlating charge signals with coal damage factors and stress states,a charge-based damage evolution equation was established to achieve effective stress inversion.Combined with in situ monitoring of stress and charge in roadway surrounding rock,this approach revealed the correlation characteristics of stress and charge intensity responses during the dynamic fracturing process.The results indicate,first,that charge signals are not significantly correlated with the absolute stress level of coal but are directly associated with stress variations following coal damage and failure,with the amplitude of charge fluctuations increasing alongside stress fluctuations.Second,coherence between stress and charge signals varies markedly across time scales,with excessively small or large scales leading to distortion,and the scale corresponding to the peak proportion of intervals with coherence>0.8 was identified as the near-optimal observation scale.Third,charge signals can effectively characterize coal damage factors,and the established damage evolution equation can effectively invert stress variation trends.Fourth,in underground roadways,zones of dynamic fracturing in surrounding rock are commonly located in areas where stress concentration overlaps with regions of high charge intensity,further confirming the strong consistency between charge and stress variations.These findings improve the theoretical framework of charge signal responses in loaded coal and provide a scientific basis for precise“stress-charge”monitoring of dynamic disasters,offering practical potential for engineering applications.
基金supported by the Rural Revitalization Tea Industry Technical Service Project of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Grant No.11899170145)the“Double firstclass”scientific and technological innovation capacity and enhancement cultivation plan of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Grant No.KSYLP004)+4 种基金6.18 Tea Industry Technology Branch of Collaborative Innovation Institute(Grant No.K1520001A)Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Construction Project for Technological Innovation and Service System of Tea Industry Chain(Grant No.K1520005A01)Tea Industry Branch of Collaborative Innovation Institute of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Grant No.K1521015A)Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund Project of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Grant No.KFb22020XA)the Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation of Fujian Zhang Tianfu Tea Development Foundation(Grant No.FJZTF01).
文摘Drought stress is a serious natural challenge for tea plants that significantly affects tea yield and quality.miR171s play critical roles in plant stress responses,however,their role in drought stress tolerance in tea plants(Camellia sinensis)is poorly understood.This study experimentally verified the expression patterns of csn-miR171b-3p_2 and its target,scarecrow-like(SCL).We found that csn-miR171b-3p_2 could target and regulate CsSCL6-4 to play an important role in the defense against drought stress in tea plants.CsSCL6-4 is located in the nucleus and is selfactivated in vivo.In addition,we obtained 819 putative binding regions of CsSCL6-4 using DNA affinity purification sequencing analysis,which were assigned to 786 different genes,four of which were drought-resistant genes(CsPrx,CsSDR,CsFAD7,and CsCER1).Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed that CsSCL6-4 directly promoted the expression of these four drought resistance genes by binding motifs 1/2/3 in their promoter regions.Both overexpression and suppression of CsSCL6-4 proved that CsSCL6-4 participated in the defense against drought stress in tea plants by regulating the expression of CsPrx,CsSDR,CsFAD7,and CsCER1.In addition,suppression of csn-miR171b-3p_2 expression significantly increased the expression of CsSCL6-4 and activated CsSCL6-4-bound gene transcription under drought stress.Therefore,the csn-miR171b-3p_2-CsSCL6-4 module participates in tea plant resistance to drought stress by promoting the expression of drought resistance genes.Our results revealed the function of csn-miR171b-3p_2 in tea plants and provided new insights into the mechanism of tea plant resistance to drought stress.
基金funded by VLAIO(Flemish Innovation&Entrepreneurship),grant number HBC.2020.3165。
文摘Background Fast-growing broilers are poorly adapted to heat.Adjusting feed composition may mitigate heat stress(HS)effects in temperate climates,while maintaining performance and health during cooler days.Methods One thousand nine hundred and twenty Ross 308 male broilers were housed in 64 pens in 4 climate-controlled rooms,2 under cyclical HS(d 28–43;32±2℃;60%–70%RH;09:30–15:30)and 2 under thermoneutral(TN)conditions.In the finisher phase,broilers were allocated to 4 dietary treatments,analyzed values are given except for metabolizable energy(ME):low crude protein(CP)and control fat(LowCP-ConF;17.0%CP,5.9%crude fat(CF),2,925 kcal/kg ME),low CP and high fat(LowCP-HighF;17.2%CP,7.9%CF,3,019 kcal/kg ME),control CP and high fat(ConCP-HighF;18.1%CP,8.0%CF,2,992 kcal/kg ME)and a basal control(ConCP-ConF;18.7%CP,6.3%CF,2,913 kcal/kg ME).LowCP diets contained control levels of digestible amino acids.Results During the finisher phase,compared to control CP levels,LowCP increased average daily feed intake(ADFI)(+2.15%;P=0.020)and affected average daily gain(ADG)and feed conversion ratio(FCR)negatively under TN(-3.77%and+6.49%;P=0.003 and P<0.001,respectively),but not during HS.Compared to control CF,HighF decreased ADFI during TN and HS(-3.16%and-3.17%;P<0.001 and P=0.022)and reduced ADG in TN groups(-3.17%;P=0.010),but not during HS.Mortality was higher in broilers receiving HighF during HS(P=0.040).Slaughter weights were unaffected.LowCP decreased plasma uric acid and lactate dehydrogenase levels during TN,but increased plasma glucose during HS.LowCP increased breast meat redness(a*)during TN and HS(P<0.05).HighF decreased fat(-1.68%;P=0.017),but increased protein levels(+1.53%;P<0.001)in breast meat of HS-broilers.Conclusion LowCP and HighF impaired performance under TN but not under HS.HighF increased mortality under HS,yet improved breast meat composition.These findings highlight the challenge of designing an optimal diet for both conditions and underscore the need to better understand amino acid needs and energy-to-protein ratios during HS.
基金supported by the Projects of The National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20255)Strategic Priority Research Program of the National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs(NCTIPXD/B04)+3 种基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32573270)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(3227291)National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Sichuan Pig innovation team(SCSZTD-2024-08)the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD1300804)。
文摘Background Heat stress(HS)is posing as a tremendous threat to the swine industry,due to the thermos-sensitive gonads of boars.Testes are immune-privileged organs in which spermatogenesis needs to remain undisturbed,whereas immune cells are thermo-sensitive,especially macrophages,which are the most abundant testicular immune cells.Our study aimed to unveil the underlying immune responses and assess their consequences on the semen quality of boars under HS.The results will aid in addressing environmental temperature-related seasonal infertility and in selecting the best boar for use in artificial insemination.Methods The 3-week experiment assigned 268-week-old Rongchang male pigs into thermal neutral pair-feed(TN-PF)and HS groups.During the last 2 weeks,which served as the HS period,the HS group was subjected to 14-day 35±1℃,while the TN-PF group was kept at 26±1℃.Pig gonad tissues were sampled at the end of HS period for assessments and measurements.Results Our findings confirmed HS-related reactions such as elevated respiration rate(P<0.05)and elevated heat shock protein 60(HSP60;P<0.05)and heat shock protein 90(HSP90;P<0.05)expression levels.Sperm motility(P=0.06)and progressive sperms(P=0.08)were decreased under HS as was a significant reduction in average straight-line velocity(VSL;P<0.05).Additionally,total abnormality levels increased(P<0.05).Fibrosis,caspase-3 expression,and accumulations of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α;P<0.05)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β;P<0.05),along with an elevated macrophage composition(P<0.05)characterized the orchitis under HS.Single cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)revealed fluctuations in engulfing and inflammatory signals in testicular macrophages(TMs).In particular,the complement cascade was promoted by CD163+macrophages,resulting in membrane attack complex(C5b-9)assembly(P<0.05).Linear regressions further revealed a negative correlation between C5b-9 and sperm motility(P<0.05),as well as near-negative correlations between the C5b-9 and both progressive motility(P=0.08)and VSL(P=0.06).Conclusions Our findings highlighted the relationship between HS,the onset of orchitis,and the activation of the complement system,all of which decreased the boar semen quality.
文摘Objectives:Healthcare students experience significant stress due to their rigorous graduate school curricula.These levels of stress are associated with higher risks of depression,self-harm,and exhaustion.Coping interventions have been shown to help students develop healthy stress coping strategies.The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the diverse array of coping interventions and what characteristics of coping interventions were most effective at decreasing stress among healthcare students.Methods:Any intervention designed to address coping for academic stress was included among medical,dental,nursing,physician assistant,allied health,veterinary,psychology,etc.students.A comprehensive literature search was completed to include multiple databases,Ancestry,and hand-searching from EBSCO and Google Scholar articles.A final total of 17 studies were included.Standardized mean difference effect sizes(ES)were synthesized across studies using a random-effects model in the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software for changes in coping levels in healthcare students.Moderator analyses were performed to explore the study,intervention,and participants’characteristics.The risk of bias was assessed by RoB2 and ROBINS-I.Results:Coping interventions significantly reduced stress outcomes among healthcare students(d=0.74;95%CI[0.48–1.01],95%PI[−0.41–1.90],p<0.001,Q=228.49,I^(2)=93.0%,T=0.52,T^(2)=0.28,p<0.001).Moderator analysis showed that interventions with stress education,established professional guidance,and fewer hours led to better stress management outcomes.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that coping interventions produce an overall moderate-to-large effect on stress reduction.Future research investigating coping interventions on academic and long-term outcomes would be beneficial.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12172045,U2241240,and 12221002)the National Program on Key Basic Research Project,China(Grant No.2019-JCJQ-ZD-308-00).
文摘The curing behavior of composites significantly influences their performance,making it crucial to understand the curing process.This study experimentally measured specific heat capacity,thermal conductivity,glass transition temperature,coefficient of thermal expansion,and cure shrinkage of materials.A simulation model of its curing deformation was established and validated against strain data obtained from fiber Bragg grating experiments.The effects of thickness,heating rate,and cooling rate on the curing temperature field and residual stress field during the molding of thick-section composite plates were analyzed.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Key Program),No.2021JZ-60(to HZ)。
文摘The unfolded protein response is a cellular pathway activated to maintain proteostasis and prevent cell death when the endoplasmic reticulum is overwhelmed by unfolded proteins.However,if the unfolded protein response fails to restore endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis,it can trigger proinflammatory and pro-death signals,which are implicated in various malignancies and are currently being investigated for their role in retinal degenerative diseases.This paper reviews the role of the unfolded protein responsein addressing endoplasmic reticulumstress in retinal degenerative diseases.The accumulation of ubiquitylated misfolded proteins can lead to rapid destabilization of the proteome and cellular demise.Targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress to alleviate retinal pathologies involves multiple strategies,including the use of chemical chaperones such as 4-phenylbutyric acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid,which enhance protein folding and reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress.Small molecule modulators that influence endoplasmic reticulum stress sensors,including those that increase the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum stress regulator X-box binding protein 1,are also potential therapeutic agents.Additionally,inhibitors of the RNAse activity of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1,a key endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor,represent another class of drugs that could prevent the formation of toxic aggregates.The activation of nuclear receptors,such as PPAR and FXR,may also help mitigate ER stress.Furthermore,enhancing proteolysis through the induction of autophagy or the inhibition of deubiquitinating enzymes can assist in clearing misfolded proteins.Combination treatments that involve endoplasmicreticulum-stress-targeting drugs and gene therapies are also being explored.Despite these potential therapeutic strategies,significant challenges remain in targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress for the treatment of retinal degeneration,and further research is essential to elucidate the mechanisms underlying human retinal diseases and to develop effective,well-tolerated drugs.The use of existing drugs that target inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1 and X-box binding protein 1 has been associated with adverse side effects,which have hindered their clinical translation.Moreover,signaling pathways downstream of endoplasmic reticulum stress sensors can contribute to therapy resistance.Addressing these limitations is crucial for developing drugs that can be effectively used in treating retinal dystrophies.In conclusion,while the unfolded protein response is a promising therapeutic target in retinal degenerative diseases,additional research and development efforts are imperative to overcome the current limitations and improve patient outcomes.
