Localized high-concentration electrolytes(LHCEs)are considered as promising electrolyte candidates to resolve technical issues of metal batteries owing to their unique interfacial properties and solvation structures.H...Localized high-concentration electrolytes(LHCEs)are considered as promising electrolyte candidates to resolve technical issues of metal batteries owing to their unique interfacial properties and solvation structures.Herein,we propose a self-assembly chemical strategy into the LCHEs induced by ordered nanostructure of zwitterionic co-solutes for highly efficient and ultrastable zinc(Zn)metal batteries.Through the systematic screening of six zwitterionic compounds,3-(decyldimethylammonio)propanesulfonate salt(C_(10))with the decyl chain and zwitterions was determined as an optimum to construct quasi-spherical aggregates with a periodic length of 3.77 nm,as confirmed by comprehensive synchronous small-angle X-ray scattering,Guinier,pair distance distribution function,Porod,and other spectroscopic characterizations and molecular dynamic simulation.In particularly,this self-assembled structure in electrolyte environments was attributed to increasing the proportion of both contact and aggregated ion pairs for the formation of LHCEs as well as to providing fast and selective Zn^(2+)conducting channels and uniform solid electrolyte interfaces for facilitated charge transfer kinetics.Moreover,the preferential adsorption of the self-assembled C_(10)on the Zn(002)surface modulated the electrical double layer to suppress hydrogen evolution and corrosion reactions.Consequently,the Zn‖Zn symmetric cells in Zn(OTf)_(2)/C_(10)electrolytes showed long-term plating/stripping behaviors over 2800 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)and 1 mAh cm^(-2)as well as over 1200 h even at 5 mA cm^(-2)and 5 mAh cm^(-2)with a very high depth of discharge of 42.7%.Furthermore,the ZnllVO_(2)/CNT full cells in Zn(OTf)_(2)/C_(10)electrolytes delivered a record-high capacity of 8.10 mAh cm^(-2)at an ultrahigh cathode mass loading of 50 mg cm^(-2)after 150 cycles.展开更多
Despite remarkable advances in nanomedicine,localized delivery of advanced cancer therapeutics remains underexploited.Advanced therapies based on biopharmaceuticals,immunotherapy,or gene therapy have revolutionized on...Despite remarkable advances in nanomedicine,localized delivery of advanced cancer therapeutics remains underexploited.Advanced therapies based on biopharmaceuticals,immunotherapy,or gene therapy have revolutionized oncology.Yet,their systemic administration is often associated with limitations such as poor sitespecific accumulation,instability,and systemic toxicity.Hydrogels/macrogels offer the ability to encapsulate,protect,and release biomolecules in situ with sustained and stimulus-responsive profiles,addressing key translational gaps.This review provides a focused synthesis of the last five years of hydrogel-based research for cancer therapy,with emphasis on peptides,antibodies,immunotherapeutic agents,and gene delivery systems.We discuss design principles,release mechanisms,and clinical translation challenges,highlighting structure-function relationships and comparative performance across therapeutic classes.By integrating mechanistic insights with recent breakthroughs,we outline how next-generation hydrogels can synergize with personalized medicine and combination therapies to redefine localized cancer treatment.This work explores the fundamental aspects and provides examples of hydrogel-based delivery for the advanced treatment of cancer.The review summarizes the dynamic landscape of hydrogel research of the last 5 years,showcasing their potential systems for the precise delivery of biomolecules.Specifically,we explore the multidimensional role of hydrogels in the sustained and localized release of antibodies,immunotherapeutic agents,and genes as next-generation platforms for localized cancer treatment.This review aims to critically evaluate the mechanisms and applications of these systems in order to assess their potential to transform medical interventions and advance patient care.展开更多
Since the view that the localized rail third-order bending mode can cause high-order polygonization(mainly 18-23)of high-speed train wheels was put forward in 2017,many scholars have attempted to link a connection bet...Since the view that the localized rail third-order bending mode can cause high-order polygonization(mainly 18-23)of high-speed train wheels was put forward in 2017,many scholars have attempted to link a connection between the localized rail bending modes and wheel polygonization phenomenon and polygonal wheel passing frequency.This paper first establishes a flexible track model considering the structural and parametric characteristics of fasteners,verifies the model by using vehicle tracking test data,then investigates the influence of fastener parameter matching on the localized rail bending modes,and obtains the following conclusions:(1)There is nearly a 1:1 mapping relationship between the localized rail bending modal frequency and polygonal wheel passing(PWP)frequency,which supports that the localized rail bending mode is one of the causes of wheel polygonization.(2)The iron plate of the fastener system plays a role of dynamic vibration absorber in the vehicle-rail coupled system,and the fastener parameters significantly influence the localized rail bending modal vibration.Finally,this paper proposes a design principle of a high-frequency vibration-absorbing fastener,which provides a feasible solution to mitigate the localized rail bending modal vibration and high-order wheel polygonization.Meanwhile,it points out that this measure may induce other high-frequency vibration problems,e.g.,aggravating modal vibration above 800 Hz.Further,this paper proposes a concept of differentiated arrangement of fasteners,suggesting that different high-frequency vibration-absorbing fasteners be installed in different sections of the whole line to make the localized rail bending modal frequency of the whole line disordered,thus disrupting and further mitigating the development of the wheel polygonization.展开更多
Cascading thermal runaway(TR)propagation poses a critical safety concern for large-format sodium-ion battery(SIB)systems because of the heightened risks of fires or explosions.However,effectively suppressing TR propag...Cascading thermal runaway(TR)propagation poses a critical safety concern for large-format sodium-ion battery(SIB)systems because of the heightened risks of fires or explosions.However,effectively suppressing TR propagation without introducing unintended side effects remains a significant challenge.Herein,we demonstrate a localized energy release method to mitigate TR,by reducing the state of charge(SOC)of cells adjacent to the thermally runaway unit.We discover that as the SOCs decreased from 100%to 25%,the TR trigger temperature decreased significantly,and the maximum temperature decrease from 367 to 229℃.Meanwhile,the volume of gas decreased to one-third of its original value,while the range of explosion limits significantly narrowed.The analysis of the morphology of the debris further confirms that the structural damage is greater at higher SOC levels.Moreover,an Entropy Weight and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution(EW-TOPSIS)method has been established to assess the safety status of SIBs,showing that the TR possibility is nearly linear with the SOCs,and the TR hazard is exponentially related to the SOCs.Finally,when the SOC of cells adjacent to the TR cell is reduced to 25%,TR can be directly blocked without the need for additional cooling or thermal insulation methods.This study not only advances the understanding of TR behavior in SIBs but also offers a straightforward approach to mitigating the TR risk in SIB systems.展开更多
Visible and infrared(RGB-IR)fusion object detection plays an important role in security,disaster relief,etc.In recent years,deep-learning-based RGB-IR fusion detection methods have been developing rapidly,but still st...Visible and infrared(RGB-IR)fusion object detection plays an important role in security,disaster relief,etc.In recent years,deep-learning-based RGB-IR fusion detection methods have been developing rapidly,but still struggle to deal with the complex and changing scenarios captured by drones,mainly due to two reasons:(A)RGB-IR fusion detectors are susceptible to inferior inputs that degrade performance and stability.(B)RGB-IR fusion detectors are susceptible to redundant features that reduce accuracy and efficiency.In this paper,an innovative RGB-IR fusion detection framework based on global-local feature optimization,named GLFDet,is proposed to improve the detection performance and efficiency of drone-captured objects.The key components of GLFDet include a Global Feature Optimization(GFO)module,a Local Feature Optimization(LFO)module and a Channel Separation Fusion(CSF)module.Specifically,GFO calculates the information content of the input image from the frequency domain and optimizes the features holistically.Then,LFO dynamically selects high-value features and filters out low-value features before fusion,which significantly improves the efficiency of fusion.Finally,CSF fuses the RGB and IR features across the corresponding channels,which avoids the rearrangement of the channel relationships and enhances the model stability.Extensive experimental results show that the proposed method achieves the best performance on three popular RGB-IR datasets Drone Vehicle,VEDAI,and LLVIP.In addition,GLFDet is more lightweight than other comparable models,making it more appealing to edge devices such as drones.The code is available at https://github.com/lao chen330/GLFDet.展开更多
The publisher regrets that the document header on top left of the first page should be“Research Highlights”instead of“Prospective”.The publisher would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
An emerging ZnO/CuInS_(2) S-scheme heterojunction enables the transformation of ZnO,originally limited to ultraviolet light absorption,into a composite with a strong near-infrared response.The charge transfer from the...An emerging ZnO/CuInS_(2) S-scheme heterojunction enables the transformation of ZnO,originally limited to ultraviolet light absorption,into a composite with a strong near-infrared response.The charge transfer from the p-type semiconductor CuInS_(2) to the n-type semiconductor ZnO leads to an increased hole concentration in the CuInS_(2) quantum dots at the heterojunction interface.Consequently,this enhancement not only amplifies the localized surface plasmon resonance effect but also enhances the near-infrared light absorption of CuInS_(2) quantum dots.This strategy effectively addresses common light response challenges,advancing the overarching objective of utilizing the full solar spectrum.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To determine direct targeting of localized adiposity through Morus alba Linne bark injection based on pharmacology network analysis.METHODS:Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet(HFD)to induce obesity.A...OBJECTIVE:To determine direct targeting of localized adiposity through Morus alba Linne bark injection based on pharmacology network analysis.METHODS:Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet(HFD)to induce obesity.After 6 weeks on HFD,the water extract of Morus alba L.bark(MAB,2 mg/mL)was locally injected into one inguinal fat pad,while saline was injected into the other side,3 times/week for 6 weeks(n=6/group).The water extract of MAB was freeze-dried and then diluted in saline before use.RESULTS:HFD-fed mice treated with local MAB topical injection showed reduced adipocyte weight and size in inguinal fat pads by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.No toxicity changes seen in liver,spleen,kidney tissue,or alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase levels in serum by MAB injection.Protein levels of phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 and glucose transporter type 4,and mRNA expression of adiponectin,were increased in inguinal adipose tissue injected with MAB locally.Locally MAB injection led to a decrease in glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase,linked to gluconeogenesis,while forkhead box protein O1,which regulates these factors,was increased.Moreover,there was an increase in adenosine 5‘-monophosphate-activated protein kinase,related to lipogenesis,as well as elevated levels of hormone-sensitive lipase and fatty acid synthase,both associated with lipolysis.These results support the'insulin signaling pathway'and'regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes'identified in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway through network analysis.CONCLUSION:This study suggests that MAB topical injection exhibits localized fat reduction by inhibiting insulin resistance,gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis mediator,while activating lipolysis enzymes within targeted adipose site.展开更多
Corrosion poses a major threat to the safety of transportation pipelines.Therefore,it is crucial to have an in-depth understanding of corrosion mechanisms in pipeline steels for the effective management of pipeline in...Corrosion poses a major threat to the safety of transportation pipelines.Therefore,it is crucial to have an in-depth understanding of corrosion mechanisms in pipeline steels for the effective management of pipeline integrity.Conducting research on corrosion mechanisms relies on the use of efficient and reliable corrosion monitoring and analysis techniques.The advancements in corrosion monitoring techniques specifically designed for the localized corrosion monitoring were aimed to be introduced,and a comprehensive overview of recent progress in understanding the localized corrosion mechanisms in pipeline steels was provided.Based on the different corrosive environments encountered,the localized corrosion issues inside pipelines are classified into two categories:localized corrosion primarily influenced by electrochemical processes and localized corrosion controlled by both electrochemical and mechanical factors.Additionally,a thorough analysis of the synergistic effects between micro-cell and macro-cell currents,as well as the interplay of mechanics and electrochemistry is presented.Finally,recommendations for future research on the mechanisms of internal localized corrosion in pipelines are provided.展开更多
The recognition and monitoring of localized corrosion at the early stage on the inner wall surface of pipes are extremely difficult and simultaneously the reliable approach for recognition and monitoring is missing.He...The recognition and monitoring of localized corrosion at the early stage on the inner wall surface of pipes are extremely difficult and simultaneously the reliable approach for recognition and monitoring is missing.Here we report a spatially resolved method to recognize and monitor the localized corrosion in a non-destructive way based on the permeating hydrogen signal generated from localized corrosion itself.A simulative localized corrosion was created on one side surface of the carbon steel specimen where a dot of wet elemental sulfur was introduced to accelerate the corrosion on the local region.While,the potential on the other side surface(the reverse side of the corrosion site)of the specimen was measured using a scanning Kelvin probe.The results show that the permeating hydrogen generated from localized corrosion easily arrives on the reverse side surface of the corrosion site and then causes a huge change in surface potential.The location resolution of potential distribution can be revealed with micron level.Therefore,it is thought that the location of localized corrosion can be recognized by the permeating hydrogen signal distribution on the reverse side surface of the corrosion site since the region of potential decreasing is highly corresponding to the corrosion site.Moreover,the strength of the permeating hydrogen signal is highly related to the corrosion depth and transient corrosion rate of localized corrosion.This means that the localized corrosion development can also be monitored using the permeating hydrogen signal.Therefore,it can be expected that the localized corrosion occurring on the inner wall surface of pipes or equipment can be recognized and monitored successfully on the outer wall surface in a non-destructive way once the permeating hydrogen is present during the localized corrosion proceeding.展开更多
Autosamplers are indispensable key equipment in modern laboratories,playing a pivotal role in fields such as biomedicine,environmental monitoring,food safety,and materials science.However,domestic autosampler enterpri...Autosamplers are indispensable key equipment in modern laboratories,playing a pivotal role in fields such as biomedicine,environmental monitoring,food safety,and materials science.However,domestic autosampler enterprises are facing formidable challenges,confronted by the technological barriers and brand dominance of international giants,as well as increasingly fierce homogeneous competition in the domestic market.This article aims to thoroughly analyze the current market landscape and,based on seven key dimensions—strategic positioning,product technology,sales channels,brand building,service and support,supply chain optimization,and talent development—propose a series of effective market-winning strategies.This will provide theoretical guidance and practical reference for domestic autosampler enterprises to achieve breakthroughs and sustainable development amidst fierce market competition.展开更多
In recent years,adeno-associated viruses(AAVs)have emerged as leading vectors in gene therapy,with several FDA-approved treatments and ongoing clinical trials demonstrating their effectiveness in treating inherited re...In recent years,adeno-associated viruses(AAVs)have emerged as leading vectors in gene therapy,with several FDA-approved treatments and ongoing clinical trials demonstrating their effectiveness in treating inherited retinal diseases,hemophilia,and Duchenne muscular dystrophy,among others.However,AAV-based therapies still face challenges,including immune responses and side effects,due to high viral doses.To address these challenges,various strategies have been developed,such as creating new viral capsids,optimizing gene expression regulation,and improving delivery methods.Localized delivery is a promising direction,utilizing the tissue tropism of AAVs to reduce systemic side effects and lower the required viral dose,thus improving targeting and efficiency,especially for organs that are difficult to treat with conventional methods.These innovations have opened new pathways for the clinical application of AAVs.This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the various applications of AAVs,offer valuable insights for future research directions,and holds significant importance for researchers and clinicians in the field.As AAV therapy continues to evolve,this article emphasizes its transformative potential in treating genetic diseases,indicating the central role of AAV in the future of gene therapy.展开更多
Owing to anionic redox,cathode materials containing layered Li-rich Mn-based oxides(LLOs)are promising for the development of next-generation lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)with a large energy density(~500–600 Wh·kg...Owing to anionic redox,cathode materials containing layered Li-rich Mn-based oxides(LLOs)are promising for the development of next-generation lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)with a large energy density(~500–600 Wh·kg^(−1)).However,these LLOs are easily degraded during cycling,which limits their lifespan.So far,the degradation mechanism is still under debate.Herein,LLOs are post-treated through implantation with energetic Ti ion flux(Ti-LLO),which modifies the structure of LLOs both at the surface and within the bulk.Unlike the dominant R3m phase(73.24%)observed in LLOs,the phase structure of Ti-LLO is altered,with Li-rich C2/m accounting for 67.72%in the bulk,alongside the formation of a thin(approximately 2 nm),uniform,and continuous Li-Ti-O spinel layer at the surface.Apart from phase structure changes,chemical valence states of transition metals and O,as well as their evolution,are analyzed and compared to charge transport kinetics to elucidate their contributions to the enhanced discharge capacity in Ti-LLOs.Besides,the role of the Li-Ti-O spinel layer at the surface in providing anticorrosion protection at the interface of LLOs/electrolyte during cycling is evaluated.As a result,we demonstrate that a superhigh discharge capacity(335.3 mAh·g^(−1))at 0.1 C can be achieved,along with prolonged cycling stability(showing capacity retention of approximately 80%after 500 cycles at 1 C)through these modifications.Moreover,we confirmed the universality of the strategy by implanting other ions,which offers practical strategies for achieving high performance in LLO cathode materials through thermodynamics and kinetics pathways.展开更多
The nonisospectral effectλ_t=α(t)λsatisfied by spectral parameterλopens up a new scheme for constructing localized waves to some nonlinear partial differential equations.In this paper,we perform this effect on a c...The nonisospectral effectλ_t=α(t)λsatisfied by spectral parameterλopens up a new scheme for constructing localized waves to some nonlinear partial differential equations.In this paper,we perform this effect on a complex nonisospectral nonpotential sine-Gordon equation by the bilinearization reduction method.From an integrable nonisospectral Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur equation,we construct some exact solutions in double Wronskian form to the reduced complex nonisospectral nonpotential sine-Gordon equation.These solutions,including soliton solutions,Jordan-block solutions and interaction solutions,exhibit localized structure,whose dynamics are analyzed with graphical illustration.The research ideas and methods in this paper can be generalized to other negative order nonisospectral integrable systems.展开更多
304H austenitic stainless steel wire was investigated,emphasizing microstructural deformation,martensite phase transformation,and residual magnetic properties during drawing.Utilizing several microstructural observati...304H austenitic stainless steel wire was investigated,emphasizing microstructural deformation,martensite phase transformation,and residual magnetic properties during drawing.Utilizing several microstructural observation techniques,the volume fraction of martensite,modes of grain deformation in distinct regions,and the phase relationship between austenite and martensite were comprehensively characterized.In addition,a finite element simulation with representative volume elements specific to different zones also offers insights into strain responses during the drawing process.Results from the first-pass drawing reveal that there exists a higher volume fraction of martensite in the central region of 304H austenitic stainless steel wire compared to edge areas.This discrepancy is attributed to a concentrated presence of shear slip system{111}<110>γcrystallographic orientation,primarily accumulating in the central region obeying the Kurdjumov-Sachs path.Subsequent to the second drawing pass,the cumulative shear deformation within distinct regions of the steel wire became more pronounced.This resulted in a progressive augmentation of the volume fraction of martensite in both the central and peripheral regions of the steel wire.Concurrently,this led to a discernible elevation in the overall residual magnetism of the steel wire.展开更多
Under investigation is the n-component nonlinear Schrödinger equation with higher-order effects,which describes the ultrashort pulses in the birefringent fiber.Based on the Lax pair,the eigenfunction and generali...Under investigation is the n-component nonlinear Schrödinger equation with higher-order effects,which describes the ultrashort pulses in the birefringent fiber.Based on the Lax pair,the eigenfunction and generalized Darboux transformation are derived.Next,we construct several novel higher-order localized waves and classified them into three categories:(i)higher-order rogue waves interacting with bright/antidark breathers,(ii)higher-order breather fission/fusion,(iii)higherorder breather interacting with soliton.Moreover,we explore the effects of parameters on the structure,collision process and energy distribution of localized waves and these characteristics are significantly different from previous ones.Finally,the dynamical properties of these solutions are discussed in detail.展开更多
Background and Objectives:The perception of sound in the vertical plane supports spatial hearing by enabling listeners to detect sources located above and below.Sounds originating from both the front and back elevatio...Background and Objectives:The perception of sound in the vertical plane supports spatial hearing by enabling listeners to detect sources located above and below.Sounds originating from both the front and back elevations along the mid-sagittal plane further contribute to a three-dimensional auditory experience.This study aimed to characterize the variability in vertical sound localization abilities among normal-hearing(NH)individuals using spatialized audio.Materials and Methods:Fifty-one NH participants(aged 18 to 35 years)completed three vertical localization tasks under headphones as part of a single-group,within-subject experimental study.These tasks included two-plane identification:(1)top-down localization,(2)front-back localization,and one discrimination task in the front plane.Hierarchical Cluster Analysis(HCA)was employed to identify distinct patterns in spatial localization profiles specific to the vertical-median plane.Fisher's Discriminant Function Analysis(FDA)was used to validate the accuracy of HCA and estimate classification error.Results:HCA revealed three distinct listener clusters:(1)cluster 1 with good performance across all three tasks,(2)cluster 2 with selective impairment in top-bottom identification,and(3)cluster 3 with selective deficits in front-back identification.FDA validated group membership of the clusters identified by the HCA,with a prediction accuracy of 98%.Conclusions:Individuals with clinically NH exhibited three distinct vertical localization profiles:uniform performers,those impaired in top-bottom identification,and those impaired in front-back identification.These profiles may be linked to the interplay between acoustic and non-acoustic perceptual factors.展开更多
The application potential of tuning two-dimensional materials(2DMs)characteristics through strain engineering for wearable and flexible devices has been widely recognized.However,the challenges lie in achieving accura...The application potential of tuning two-dimensional materials(2DMs)characteristics through strain engineering for wearable and flexible devices has been widely recognized.However,the challenges lie in achieving accurate deterministic positioning,spatial modulation,controllable magnitude,and permanent nanostrains.Herein,motivated by the skin swelling caused by mosquito bites,a technique utilizing the heated nanotip in atomic force microscopy for thermomechanical nanoindentation is demonstrated.This method enables precise positioning of localized nanostrain and regulation of bandgap in tungsten diselenide(WSe_(2))/molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))heterobilayer transferred onto a flexible polymethyl methacrylate film.The magnitude of strain in the WSe_(2)/MoS_(2) heterobilayer can be controlled by adjusting the parameters of nanoindentation,leading to a spatially modulated average strain of up to 2.5%on the ring-shaped expansion structure(RES).The local bandgap of the WSe_(2)/MoS_(2) heterobilayer is spatially regulated through three distinct regions.In particular,the RES exhibits the largest extent of bandgap modulation,accompanied by a significant change of~12 meV.The nanostrain significantly enhances the photoresponse speed of the photodetector device.For instance,under illumination from a 405 nm wavelength-laser,the rise time and fall time are reduced by 75%and 87.52%,respectively,compared to the device without strain.Similarly,under illumination from a 532 nm wavelength-laser,the rise time and fall time are reduced by 66.67%and 80.60%,respectively.These findings demonstrate that the proposed method serves as a versatile way for improving the photoresponse of optoelectronic devices based on 2DMs.展开更多
This paper proposes a tamper detection technique for semi-fragile watermarking using Quantizationbased Discrete Cosine Transform(DCT)for tamper localization.In this study,the proposed embedding strategy is investigate...This paper proposes a tamper detection technique for semi-fragile watermarking using Quantizationbased Discrete Cosine Transform(DCT)for tamper localization.In this study,the proposed embedding strategy is investigated by experimental tests over the diagonal order of the DCT coefficients.The cover image is divided into non-overlapping blocks of size 8×8 pixels.The DCT is applied to each block,and the coefficients are arranged using a zig-zag pattern within the block.In this study,the low-frequency coefficients are selected to examine the impact of the imperceptibility score and tamper detection accuracy.High accuracy of tamper detection can be achieved by checking the surrounding blocks to determine whether the corresponding block has been tampered with.The proposed tamper detection is tested under various malicious,incidental,and hybrid attacks(both incidental and malicious attacks).The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique achieves a Peak-Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR)value of 41.2318 dB,an average Structural Similarity Index Measure(SSIM)value of 0.9768.The proposed scheme is also evaluated against malicious attacks such as copy-move,object deletion,object manipulation,and collage attacks.The proposed scheme can detect the malicious attack localization under various tampering rates.In addition,the proposed scheme can still detect tampered pixels under a hybrid attack,such as a combination ofmalicious and incidental attacks,with an average accuracy of 96.44%.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.NRF-2020R1A3B2079803 and No.RS-2024-00453815),Republic of Korea。
文摘Localized high-concentration electrolytes(LHCEs)are considered as promising electrolyte candidates to resolve technical issues of metal batteries owing to their unique interfacial properties and solvation structures.Herein,we propose a self-assembly chemical strategy into the LCHEs induced by ordered nanostructure of zwitterionic co-solutes for highly efficient and ultrastable zinc(Zn)metal batteries.Through the systematic screening of six zwitterionic compounds,3-(decyldimethylammonio)propanesulfonate salt(C_(10))with the decyl chain and zwitterions was determined as an optimum to construct quasi-spherical aggregates with a periodic length of 3.77 nm,as confirmed by comprehensive synchronous small-angle X-ray scattering,Guinier,pair distance distribution function,Porod,and other spectroscopic characterizations and molecular dynamic simulation.In particularly,this self-assembled structure in electrolyte environments was attributed to increasing the proportion of both contact and aggregated ion pairs for the formation of LHCEs as well as to providing fast and selective Zn^(2+)conducting channels and uniform solid electrolyte interfaces for facilitated charge transfer kinetics.Moreover,the preferential adsorption of the self-assembled C_(10)on the Zn(002)surface modulated the electrical double layer to suppress hydrogen evolution and corrosion reactions.Consequently,the Zn‖Zn symmetric cells in Zn(OTf)_(2)/C_(10)electrolytes showed long-term plating/stripping behaviors over 2800 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)and 1 mAh cm^(-2)as well as over 1200 h even at 5 mA cm^(-2)and 5 mAh cm^(-2)with a very high depth of discharge of 42.7%.Furthermore,the ZnllVO_(2)/CNT full cells in Zn(OTf)_(2)/C_(10)electrolytes delivered a record-high capacity of 8.10 mAh cm^(-2)at an ultrahigh cathode mass loading of 50 mg cm^(-2)after 150 cycles.
基金supported by the Vall d’Hebron Research Institute(PI23/01345)the Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering,Biomaterials,and Nanomedicine(CIBER-BBN),which is financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII)with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)+4 种基金supported by ANID FONDECYT REGULAR(Chile)through project No.1250634,and FOVI230019 granted to Esteban Duran-LaraDiana Rafael was supported by Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions(MSCA-PF ID 101107735),“La Caixa Foundation”(LCF/BQ/PR24/12050008),and ISCIII(PI24/00745)Fernanda Andrade was granted by the Fundación Científica de la Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer(FCAECC Refs.INVES211530DASI and SNRGS247164DASI)“La Caixa Foundation”(HR24-00927).Júlia German-Cortés was granted by the 791 FAECC(PRDBA258393GERM)The authors also thank the denomination of Consolidated group from Generalitat de Catalunya(2021 SGR 01173)granted to the CB-DDT group。
文摘Despite remarkable advances in nanomedicine,localized delivery of advanced cancer therapeutics remains underexploited.Advanced therapies based on biopharmaceuticals,immunotherapy,or gene therapy have revolutionized oncology.Yet,their systemic administration is often associated with limitations such as poor sitespecific accumulation,instability,and systemic toxicity.Hydrogels/macrogels offer the ability to encapsulate,protect,and release biomolecules in situ with sustained and stimulus-responsive profiles,addressing key translational gaps.This review provides a focused synthesis of the last five years of hydrogel-based research for cancer therapy,with emphasis on peptides,antibodies,immunotherapeutic agents,and gene delivery systems.We discuss design principles,release mechanisms,and clinical translation challenges,highlighting structure-function relationships and comparative performance across therapeutic classes.By integrating mechanistic insights with recent breakthroughs,we outline how next-generation hydrogels can synergize with personalized medicine and combination therapies to redefine localized cancer treatment.This work explores the fundamental aspects and provides examples of hydrogel-based delivery for the advanced treatment of cancer.The review summarizes the dynamic landscape of hydrogel research of the last 5 years,showcasing their potential systems for the precise delivery of biomolecules.Specifically,we explore the multidimensional role of hydrogels in the sustained and localized release of antibodies,immunotherapeutic agents,and genes as next-generation platforms for localized cancer treatment.This review aims to critically evaluate the mechanisms and applications of these systems in order to assess their potential to transform medical interventions and advance patient care.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:52202423,U2268211,and 52475136)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos.:2022M712636 and 2023T160546)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(Grant No.:2025ZNSFSC0398)the Independent R&D Project of the State Key Laboratory of Traction Power(Grant No.:2023TPL-T14).
文摘Since the view that the localized rail third-order bending mode can cause high-order polygonization(mainly 18-23)of high-speed train wheels was put forward in 2017,many scholars have attempted to link a connection between the localized rail bending modes and wheel polygonization phenomenon and polygonal wheel passing frequency.This paper first establishes a flexible track model considering the structural and parametric characteristics of fasteners,verifies the model by using vehicle tracking test data,then investigates the influence of fastener parameter matching on the localized rail bending modes,and obtains the following conclusions:(1)There is nearly a 1:1 mapping relationship between the localized rail bending modal frequency and polygonal wheel passing(PWP)frequency,which supports that the localized rail bending mode is one of the causes of wheel polygonization.(2)The iron plate of the fastener system plays a role of dynamic vibration absorber in the vehicle-rail coupled system,and the fastener parameters significantly influence the localized rail bending modal vibration.Finally,this paper proposes a design principle of a high-frequency vibration-absorbing fastener,which provides a feasible solution to mitigate the localized rail bending modal vibration and high-order wheel polygonization.Meanwhile,it points out that this measure may induce other high-frequency vibration problems,e.g.,aggravating modal vibration above 800 Hz.Further,this paper proposes a concept of differentiated arrangement of fasteners,suggesting that different high-frequency vibration-absorbing fasteners be installed in different sections of the whole line to make the localized rail bending modal frequency of the whole line disordered,thus disrupting and further mitigating the development of the wheel polygonization.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB2407900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52302512)+1 种基金State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic and Fine Processing Tsinghua University(KFZD202305)Zhejiang Province Science and Technology Program Grant(2024C0127(SD2))。
文摘Cascading thermal runaway(TR)propagation poses a critical safety concern for large-format sodium-ion battery(SIB)systems because of the heightened risks of fires or explosions.However,effectively suppressing TR propagation without introducing unintended side effects remains a significant challenge.Herein,we demonstrate a localized energy release method to mitigate TR,by reducing the state of charge(SOC)of cells adjacent to the thermally runaway unit.We discover that as the SOCs decreased from 100%to 25%,the TR trigger temperature decreased significantly,and the maximum temperature decrease from 367 to 229℃.Meanwhile,the volume of gas decreased to one-third of its original value,while the range of explosion limits significantly narrowed.The analysis of the morphology of the debris further confirms that the structural damage is greater at higher SOC levels.Moreover,an Entropy Weight and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution(EW-TOPSIS)method has been established to assess the safety status of SIBs,showing that the TR possibility is nearly linear with the SOCs,and the TR hazard is exponentially related to the SOCs.Finally,when the SOC of cells adjacent to the TR cell is reduced to 25%,TR can be directly blocked without the need for additional cooling or thermal insulation methods.This study not only advances the understanding of TR behavior in SIBs but also offers a straightforward approach to mitigating the TR risk in SIB systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62276204)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.YJSJ24011)+1 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi,China(Nos.2022JM-340 and 2023-JC-QN-0710)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2020T130494 and 2018M633470)。
文摘Visible and infrared(RGB-IR)fusion object detection plays an important role in security,disaster relief,etc.In recent years,deep-learning-based RGB-IR fusion detection methods have been developing rapidly,but still struggle to deal with the complex and changing scenarios captured by drones,mainly due to two reasons:(A)RGB-IR fusion detectors are susceptible to inferior inputs that degrade performance and stability.(B)RGB-IR fusion detectors are susceptible to redundant features that reduce accuracy and efficiency.In this paper,an innovative RGB-IR fusion detection framework based on global-local feature optimization,named GLFDet,is proposed to improve the detection performance and efficiency of drone-captured objects.The key components of GLFDet include a Global Feature Optimization(GFO)module,a Local Feature Optimization(LFO)module and a Channel Separation Fusion(CSF)module.Specifically,GFO calculates the information content of the input image from the frequency domain and optimizes the features holistically.Then,LFO dynamically selects high-value features and filters out low-value features before fusion,which significantly improves the efficiency of fusion.Finally,CSF fuses the RGB and IR features across the corresponding channels,which avoids the rearrangement of the channel relationships and enhances the model stability.Extensive experimental results show that the proposed method achieves the best performance on three popular RGB-IR datasets Drone Vehicle,VEDAI,and LLVIP.In addition,GLFDet is more lightweight than other comparable models,making it more appealing to edge devices such as drones.The code is available at https://github.com/lao chen330/GLFDet.
文摘The publisher regrets that the document header on top left of the first page should be“Research Highlights”instead of“Prospective”.The publisher would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22268003)the projects from Yunnan Province(No.202305AF150116).
文摘An emerging ZnO/CuInS_(2) S-scheme heterojunction enables the transformation of ZnO,originally limited to ultraviolet light absorption,into a composite with a strong near-infrared response.The charge transfer from the p-type semiconductor CuInS_(2) to the n-type semiconductor ZnO leads to an increased hole concentration in the CuInS_(2) quantum dots at the heterojunction interface.Consequently,this enhancement not only amplifies the localized surface plasmon resonance effect but also enhances the near-infrared light absorption of CuInS_(2) quantum dots.This strategy effectively addresses common light response challenges,advancing the overarching objective of utilizing the full solar spectrum.
基金Supported by Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the National Research Foundation of Korea,funded by the Korean Government(Project Number:NRF-2019R1I1A2A01063598)Undergraduate Research Program of the College of Korean Medicine,Kyung Hee University,Republic of Korea,in 2023(Project Number:2023)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To determine direct targeting of localized adiposity through Morus alba Linne bark injection based on pharmacology network analysis.METHODS:Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet(HFD)to induce obesity.After 6 weeks on HFD,the water extract of Morus alba L.bark(MAB,2 mg/mL)was locally injected into one inguinal fat pad,while saline was injected into the other side,3 times/week for 6 weeks(n=6/group).The water extract of MAB was freeze-dried and then diluted in saline before use.RESULTS:HFD-fed mice treated with local MAB topical injection showed reduced adipocyte weight and size in inguinal fat pads by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.No toxicity changes seen in liver,spleen,kidney tissue,or alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase levels in serum by MAB injection.Protein levels of phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 and glucose transporter type 4,and mRNA expression of adiponectin,were increased in inguinal adipose tissue injected with MAB locally.Locally MAB injection led to a decrease in glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase,linked to gluconeogenesis,while forkhead box protein O1,which regulates these factors,was increased.Moreover,there was an increase in adenosine 5‘-monophosphate-activated protein kinase,related to lipogenesis,as well as elevated levels of hormone-sensitive lipase and fatty acid synthase,both associated with lipolysis.These results support the'insulin signaling pathway'and'regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes'identified in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway through network analysis.CONCLUSION:This study suggests that MAB topical injection exhibits localized fat reduction by inhibiting insulin resistance,gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis mediator,while activating lipolysis enzymes within targeted adipose site.
基金sponsored by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC2806200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52001055)the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment(GZ22118).
文摘Corrosion poses a major threat to the safety of transportation pipelines.Therefore,it is crucial to have an in-depth understanding of corrosion mechanisms in pipeline steels for the effective management of pipeline integrity.Conducting research on corrosion mechanisms relies on the use of efficient and reliable corrosion monitoring and analysis techniques.The advancements in corrosion monitoring techniques specifically designed for the localized corrosion monitoring were aimed to be introduced,and a comprehensive overview of recent progress in understanding the localized corrosion mechanisms in pipeline steels was provided.Based on the different corrosive environments encountered,the localized corrosion issues inside pipelines are classified into two categories:localized corrosion primarily influenced by electrochemical processes and localized corrosion controlled by both electrochemical and mechanical factors.Additionally,a thorough analysis of the synergistic effects between micro-cell and macro-cell currents,as well as the interplay of mechanics and electrochemistry is presented.Finally,recommendations for future research on the mechanisms of internal localized corrosion in pipelines are provided.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52171080)。
文摘The recognition and monitoring of localized corrosion at the early stage on the inner wall surface of pipes are extremely difficult and simultaneously the reliable approach for recognition and monitoring is missing.Here we report a spatially resolved method to recognize and monitor the localized corrosion in a non-destructive way based on the permeating hydrogen signal generated from localized corrosion itself.A simulative localized corrosion was created on one side surface of the carbon steel specimen where a dot of wet elemental sulfur was introduced to accelerate the corrosion on the local region.While,the potential on the other side surface(the reverse side of the corrosion site)of the specimen was measured using a scanning Kelvin probe.The results show that the permeating hydrogen generated from localized corrosion easily arrives on the reverse side surface of the corrosion site and then causes a huge change in surface potential.The location resolution of potential distribution can be revealed with micron level.Therefore,it is thought that the location of localized corrosion can be recognized by the permeating hydrogen signal distribution on the reverse side surface of the corrosion site since the region of potential decreasing is highly corresponding to the corrosion site.Moreover,the strength of the permeating hydrogen signal is highly related to the corrosion depth and transient corrosion rate of localized corrosion.This means that the localized corrosion development can also be monitored using the permeating hydrogen signal.Therefore,it can be expected that the localized corrosion occurring on the inner wall surface of pipes or equipment can be recognized and monitored successfully on the outer wall surface in a non-destructive way once the permeating hydrogen is present during the localized corrosion proceeding.
文摘Autosamplers are indispensable key equipment in modern laboratories,playing a pivotal role in fields such as biomedicine,environmental monitoring,food safety,and materials science.However,domestic autosampler enterprises are facing formidable challenges,confronted by the technological barriers and brand dominance of international giants,as well as increasingly fierce homogeneous competition in the domestic market.This article aims to thoroughly analyze the current market landscape and,based on seven key dimensions—strategic positioning,product technology,sales channels,brand building,service and support,supply chain optimization,and talent development—propose a series of effective market-winning strategies.This will provide theoretical guidance and practical reference for domestic autosampler enterprises to achieve breakthroughs and sustainable development amidst fierce market competition.
基金supported by the Guiding Funds of Central Government for Supporting the Development of the Local Science and Technology(2024BSB012)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81772833).
文摘In recent years,adeno-associated viruses(AAVs)have emerged as leading vectors in gene therapy,with several FDA-approved treatments and ongoing clinical trials demonstrating their effectiveness in treating inherited retinal diseases,hemophilia,and Duchenne muscular dystrophy,among others.However,AAV-based therapies still face challenges,including immune responses and side effects,due to high viral doses.To address these challenges,various strategies have been developed,such as creating new viral capsids,optimizing gene expression regulation,and improving delivery methods.Localized delivery is a promising direction,utilizing the tissue tropism of AAVs to reduce systemic side effects and lower the required viral dose,thus improving targeting and efficiency,especially for organs that are difficult to treat with conventional methods.These innovations have opened new pathways for the clinical application of AAVs.This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the various applications of AAVs,offer valuable insights for future research directions,and holds significant importance for researchers and clinicians in the field.As AAV therapy continues to evolve,this article emphasizes its transformative potential in treating genetic diseases,indicating the central role of AAV in the future of gene therapy.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB2502000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52201277,52207244,52207245)+1 种基金the Xi'an Young Talent Lifting Program(959202413060)the National Outstanding Youth Foundation of China(52125104).
文摘Owing to anionic redox,cathode materials containing layered Li-rich Mn-based oxides(LLOs)are promising for the development of next-generation lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)with a large energy density(~500–600 Wh·kg^(−1)).However,these LLOs are easily degraded during cycling,which limits their lifespan.So far,the degradation mechanism is still under debate.Herein,LLOs are post-treated through implantation with energetic Ti ion flux(Ti-LLO),which modifies the structure of LLOs both at the surface and within the bulk.Unlike the dominant R3m phase(73.24%)observed in LLOs,the phase structure of Ti-LLO is altered,with Li-rich C2/m accounting for 67.72%in the bulk,alongside the formation of a thin(approximately 2 nm),uniform,and continuous Li-Ti-O spinel layer at the surface.Apart from phase structure changes,chemical valence states of transition metals and O,as well as their evolution,are analyzed and compared to charge transport kinetics to elucidate their contributions to the enhanced discharge capacity in Ti-LLOs.Besides,the role of the Li-Ti-O spinel layer at the surface in providing anticorrosion protection at the interface of LLOs/electrolyte during cycling is evaluated.As a result,we demonstrate that a superhigh discharge capacity(335.3 mAh·g^(−1))at 0.1 C can be achieved,along with prolonged cycling stability(showing capacity retention of approximately 80%after 500 cycles at 1 C)through these modifications.Moreover,we confirmed the universality of the strategy by implanting other ions,which offers practical strategies for achieving high performance in LLO cathode materials through thermodynamics and kinetics pathways.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12071432)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.LZ24A010007)。
文摘The nonisospectral effectλ_t=α(t)λsatisfied by spectral parameterλopens up a new scheme for constructing localized waves to some nonlinear partial differential equations.In this paper,we perform this effect on a complex nonisospectral nonpotential sine-Gordon equation by the bilinearization reduction method.From an integrable nonisospectral Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur equation,we construct some exact solutions in double Wronskian form to the reduced complex nonisospectral nonpotential sine-Gordon equation.These solutions,including soliton solutions,Jordan-block solutions and interaction solutions,exhibit localized structure,whose dynamics are analyzed with graphical illustration.The research ideas and methods in this paper can be generalized to other negative order nonisospectral integrable systems.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52201084 and 52231003)Major Program(JD)of Hubei Province(2023BAA019)+2 种基金China Scholarship Council(CSC)Postdoctoral Station of metallurgical Engineering of Wuhan University of Science and Technology(WUST)Postdoctoral workstation of Zhejiang Jincheng New Material Co.,Ltd.
文摘304H austenitic stainless steel wire was investigated,emphasizing microstructural deformation,martensite phase transformation,and residual magnetic properties during drawing.Utilizing several microstructural observation techniques,the volume fraction of martensite,modes of grain deformation in distinct regions,and the phase relationship between austenite and martensite were comprehensively characterized.In addition,a finite element simulation with representative volume elements specific to different zones also offers insights into strain responses during the drawing process.Results from the first-pass drawing reveal that there exists a higher volume fraction of martensite in the central region of 304H austenitic stainless steel wire compared to edge areas.This discrepancy is attributed to a concentrated presence of shear slip system{111}<110>γcrystallographic orientation,primarily accumulating in the central region obeying the Kurdjumov-Sachs path.Subsequent to the second drawing pass,the cumulative shear deformation within distinct regions of the steel wire became more pronounced.This resulted in a progressive augmentation of the volume fraction of martensite in both the central and peripheral regions of the steel wire.Concurrently,this led to a discernible elevation in the overall residual magnetism of the steel wire.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12271096)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant No.2021J01302)。
文摘Under investigation is the n-component nonlinear Schrödinger equation with higher-order effects,which describes the ultrashort pulses in the birefringent fiber.Based on the Lax pair,the eigenfunction and generalized Darboux transformation are derived.Next,we construct several novel higher-order localized waves and classified them into three categories:(i)higher-order rogue waves interacting with bright/antidark breathers,(ii)higher-order breather fission/fusion,(iii)higherorder breather interacting with soliton.Moreover,we explore the effects of parameters on the structure,collision process and energy distribution of localized waves and these characteristics are significantly different from previous ones.Finally,the dynamical properties of these solutions are discussed in detail.
文摘Background and Objectives:The perception of sound in the vertical plane supports spatial hearing by enabling listeners to detect sources located above and below.Sounds originating from both the front and back elevations along the mid-sagittal plane further contribute to a three-dimensional auditory experience.This study aimed to characterize the variability in vertical sound localization abilities among normal-hearing(NH)individuals using spatialized audio.Materials and Methods:Fifty-one NH participants(aged 18 to 35 years)completed three vertical localization tasks under headphones as part of a single-group,within-subject experimental study.These tasks included two-plane identification:(1)top-down localization,(2)front-back localization,and one discrimination task in the front plane.Hierarchical Cluster Analysis(HCA)was employed to identify distinct patterns in spatial localization profiles specific to the vertical-median plane.Fisher's Discriminant Function Analysis(FDA)was used to validate the accuracy of HCA and estimate classification error.Results:HCA revealed three distinct listener clusters:(1)cluster 1 with good performance across all three tasks,(2)cluster 2 with selective impairment in top-bottom identification,and(3)cluster 3 with selective deficits in front-back identification.FDA validated group membership of the clusters identified by the HCA,with a prediction accuracy of 98%.Conclusions:Individuals with clinically NH exhibited three distinct vertical localization profiles:uniform performers,those impaired in top-bottom identification,and those impaired in front-back identification.These profiles may be linked to the interplay between acoustic and non-acoustic perceptual factors.
基金financial supports of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52222512)。
文摘The application potential of tuning two-dimensional materials(2DMs)characteristics through strain engineering for wearable and flexible devices has been widely recognized.However,the challenges lie in achieving accurate deterministic positioning,spatial modulation,controllable magnitude,and permanent nanostrains.Herein,motivated by the skin swelling caused by mosquito bites,a technique utilizing the heated nanotip in atomic force microscopy for thermomechanical nanoindentation is demonstrated.This method enables precise positioning of localized nanostrain and regulation of bandgap in tungsten diselenide(WSe_(2))/molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))heterobilayer transferred onto a flexible polymethyl methacrylate film.The magnitude of strain in the WSe_(2)/MoS_(2) heterobilayer can be controlled by adjusting the parameters of nanoindentation,leading to a spatially modulated average strain of up to 2.5%on the ring-shaped expansion structure(RES).The local bandgap of the WSe_(2)/MoS_(2) heterobilayer is spatially regulated through three distinct regions.In particular,the RES exhibits the largest extent of bandgap modulation,accompanied by a significant change of~12 meV.The nanostrain significantly enhances the photoresponse speed of the photodetector device.For instance,under illumination from a 405 nm wavelength-laser,the rise time and fall time are reduced by 75%and 87.52%,respectively,compared to the device without strain.Similarly,under illumination from a 532 nm wavelength-laser,the rise time and fall time are reduced by 66.67%and 80.60%,respectively.These findings demonstrate that the proposed method serves as a versatile way for improving the photoresponse of optoelectronic devices based on 2DMs.
基金funded by Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia through Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah under Internal Research Grant(RDU233003).
文摘This paper proposes a tamper detection technique for semi-fragile watermarking using Quantizationbased Discrete Cosine Transform(DCT)for tamper localization.In this study,the proposed embedding strategy is investigated by experimental tests over the diagonal order of the DCT coefficients.The cover image is divided into non-overlapping blocks of size 8×8 pixels.The DCT is applied to each block,and the coefficients are arranged using a zig-zag pattern within the block.In this study,the low-frequency coefficients are selected to examine the impact of the imperceptibility score and tamper detection accuracy.High accuracy of tamper detection can be achieved by checking the surrounding blocks to determine whether the corresponding block has been tampered with.The proposed tamper detection is tested under various malicious,incidental,and hybrid attacks(both incidental and malicious attacks).The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique achieves a Peak-Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR)value of 41.2318 dB,an average Structural Similarity Index Measure(SSIM)value of 0.9768.The proposed scheme is also evaluated against malicious attacks such as copy-move,object deletion,object manipulation,and collage attacks.The proposed scheme can detect the malicious attack localization under various tampering rates.In addition,the proposed scheme can still detect tampered pixels under a hybrid attack,such as a combination ofmalicious and incidental attacks,with an average accuracy of 96.44%.
