Work function plays a significant role in surface chemistry. Local work function provides the information of local d/pole-d/pole interaction and charge distribution between adsorbates and substrate, highlighting the l...Work function plays a significant role in surface chemistry. Local work function provides the information of local d/pole-d/pole interaction and charge distribution between adsorbates and substrate, highlighting the local charge effect of the targeted spot which is normally smeared out in conventional average work function measurements. Chloroaluminum phthalocyanine （CIA1Pc）, an important optoelectronic molecule with a permanent dipole moment pointing from the Pc ring to the ending CI atom, adsorbed on Au（111） in either Cl-up or Cl-down configuration. Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy measurements revealed that at the centers of Cl-up and CI-down molecules, the local work functions changed oppositely with respect to the Au（111） substrate. At their Pc lobes, however, the local work functions unanimously increased due to charging effect of the indole lobes in the CIAIPc molecule.展开更多
目的研究心脏搏动做功的规律,质疑Frank-Starling心脏定律。方法根据物理学机械做功的定义,以左心室收缩射血做功为模型对心脏收缩舒张做功活动进行讨论,然后用数学方法得出结论。结果 1作者推导出计算vvvv心脏每搏收缩舒张做功的公式&q...目的研究心脏搏动做功的规律,质疑Frank-Starling心脏定律。方法根据物理学机械做功的定义,以左心室收缩射血做功为模型对心脏收缩舒张做功活动进行讨论,然后用数学方法得出结论。结果 1作者推导出计算vvvv心脏每搏收缩舒张做功的公式"d d W=∫p1dv+(-p2)d d dv+(-p4)dV=[P1+(-P2)+P3+(-P4)]·V vs∫vs∫p3dv+vs∫vs=[P1+(-P2)+P3+(-P4)]·(EDV-ESV)"(式中,P1,P3分别代表心脏收缩时左、右心室腔内的压力;P2,P4为心脏舒张期左、右心室腔内的压力;V为每搏量;Vs和Vd为心脏收缩开始和结束,即:心脏收缩舒张做功时心室肌壁移动的区间;EDV和ESV为心脏舒张末期与收缩末期容积;dv为射出或吸入心室的血液容积增量)。2局部心室肌壁收缩做功与其肌壁收缩移动时的"ah"值成正比例(a为心脏收缩时局部心室肌壁位移动的加速度,h为其收缩时的位移)。结论 1在推导出的公式"W=[P1+(-P2)+P3+(-P4)]·(EDV-ESV)"中,心脏做功W和(EDV-ESV)与EDV三者之间的数学关系表明:W是(EDV-ESV)的函数,和单一参数EDV却没有函数关系,这就证明了心脏做功W是EDV的函数的理论(Frank-Starling心脏定律)没有理论上的必然性,它不是一个真实的定律。2超声检测某一点心室肌壁收缩活动时的"ah"值,可作为评价其心脏收缩功能的指标;舒张时的"ah"值可作为评价其舒张功能的指标。展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 91527303, 21333001,21373020, 61321001)MOST(Nos.2013CB933404,2014CB239302),China
文摘Work function plays a significant role in surface chemistry. Local work function provides the information of local d/pole-d/pole interaction and charge distribution between adsorbates and substrate, highlighting the local charge effect of the targeted spot which is normally smeared out in conventional average work function measurements. Chloroaluminum phthalocyanine （CIA1Pc）, an important optoelectronic molecule with a permanent dipole moment pointing from the Pc ring to the ending CI atom, adsorbed on Au（111） in either Cl-up or Cl-down configuration. Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy measurements revealed that at the centers of Cl-up and CI-down molecules, the local work functions changed oppositely with respect to the Au（111） substrate. At their Pc lobes, however, the local work functions unanimously increased due to charging effect of the indole lobes in the CIAIPc molecule.
文摘目的研究心脏搏动做功的规律,质疑Frank-Starling心脏定律。方法根据物理学机械做功的定义,以左心室收缩射血做功为模型对心脏收缩舒张做功活动进行讨论,然后用数学方法得出结论。结果 1作者推导出计算vvvv心脏每搏收缩舒张做功的公式"d d W=∫p1dv+(-p2)d d dv+(-p4)dV=[P1+(-P2)+P3+(-P4)]·V vs∫vs∫p3dv+vs∫vs=[P1+(-P2)+P3+(-P4)]·(EDV-ESV)"(式中,P1,P3分别代表心脏收缩时左、右心室腔内的压力;P2,P4为心脏舒张期左、右心室腔内的压力;V为每搏量;Vs和Vd为心脏收缩开始和结束,即:心脏收缩舒张做功时心室肌壁移动的区间;EDV和ESV为心脏舒张末期与收缩末期容积;dv为射出或吸入心室的血液容积增量)。2局部心室肌壁收缩做功与其肌壁收缩移动时的"ah"值成正比例(a为心脏收缩时局部心室肌壁位移动的加速度,h为其收缩时的位移)。结论 1在推导出的公式"W=[P1+(-P2)+P3+(-P4)]·(EDV-ESV)"中,心脏做功W和(EDV-ESV)与EDV三者之间的数学关系表明:W是(EDV-ESV)的函数,和单一参数EDV却没有函数关系,这就证明了心脏做功W是EDV的函数的理论(Frank-Starling心脏定律)没有理论上的必然性,它不是一个真实的定律。2超声检测某一点心室肌壁收缩活动时的"ah"值,可作为评价其心脏收缩功能的指标;舒张时的"ah"值可作为评价其舒张功能的指标。
