This paper analyzes the links among Europeanization, multilevel governance, and international activities of local governments. To do so, a revision of the literature on these three areas is provided, with a special em...This paper analyzes the links among Europeanization, multilevel governance, and international activities of local governments. To do so, a revision of the literature on these three areas is provided, with a special emphasis on the effects that the Europeanization process （hierarchical and horizontal） and multilevel governance （type I and type II） have had over the internationalization of local governments. Thus, local governments＇ international activities have evolved and adapted to a complex system of governance. Furthermore, the paper offers a reflection on current trends such as European Union （EU） and national programmes aimed at fostering International initiatives of local governments, and the impact of the economic crisis on these activities.展开更多
The influence of the transfer payments from the central government to the local governments on the local governments＇ efforts on taxation must be taken into consideration by every country for the design of the transf...The influence of the transfer payments from the central government to the local governments on the local governments＇ efforts on taxation must be taken into consideration by every country for the design of the transfer payments. Based on the theoretical analysis on the influence of the transfer payments from the central government to the local governments＇ on the local governments＇ payments＇, this paper indicates that the local governments＇ efforts on taxation depends on the demand elasticity of the district for public goods, It increases with the increase of the elasticity. Judge the degree of the local govet：nment＇s efforts on taxation by measure 2. After an empirical analysis on the transJer payments from the central government to the local governments＇from 2000 to 2004, this paper gets the con- clusion that the local governments＇ effbrts on taxation ctbates with the increase of supporting payments or with the increase of the ratio of transfer payments to local wiliing public paymentS. Under speCific Circumstances, the higher the ratio of transfer payments to the local fiscal expenditure is. the smaller the local governments＇ efforts＇ on taxation is＂ under the central payments, whereas＇ the higher the local income is, the higher the efforts is under the central pav- ments. Based on this＇, this paper gives the meaning of its eOrresponding pofiCieS. ＂展开更多
Interprovincial counterpart support is a cooperative system used by local governments to achieve horizontal flow of resources based on cross-regional cooperation.Existing research has mainly focused on governance ef‐...Interprovincial counterpart support is a cooperative system used by local governments to achieve horizontal flow of resources based on cross-regional cooperation.Existing research has mainly focused on governance ef‐ficiency,institutional advantages,and ranking incentives while ignoring the scrambling behavior and opera‐tional mechanisms of local governments formed by ranking incentives and territorial responsibilities.This study selected the Wenchuan earthquake,Yushu earthquake,and COVID-19 as three typical cases.We con‐structed a theoretical framework for competition among provincial local governments and found that competi‐tion in interprovincial disaster counterpart support followed a dual behavioral logic of“striving to be first”and“fear of being last”.Specifically,local governments will choose striving to be first under the logic of time coercion,content games,and territorial responsibility;they will choose fear of being last under the logic of re‐sponsibility avoidance and moral pressure.This type of scrambling-based horizontal competition reflects the logic of local government competition tournaments.This study further revealed the specific processes,mecha‐nisms,and results of horizontal local government competition,which can provide inspiration for cross regional and provincial cooperation.展开更多
This study aims to develop and evaluate the indicators of Sustainable Development Goals(hereafter SDGs)for local governments in Gyeonggi Province,South Korea from the perspective of the glocal mainstreaming of SDGs an...This study aims to develop and evaluate the indicators of Sustainable Development Goals(hereafter SDGs)for local governments in Gyeonggi Province,South Korea from the perspective of the glocal mainstreaming of SDGs and localization.Through surveys and focus group meetings,35 SDGs indicators that are to be implemented by both the Gyeonggi Provincial government and 31 separate local governments were selected and an overall index was calculated by standardizing 27 indicators.Through the comparative analysis of the fuzzy-set,this paper revealed the four ideal types along with the arrangement of two variables,the socioeconomic SDGs index(S)and the environmental SDGs index(E),which are derived from 31 local governments.In short,some examples of this arrangement are the Type 1(S*E:"sustainable local gov.")including Hanam City(fuzzy score,0.729);Type 2(S*e:imbalanced local gov.(1)")including Hwaseong City(0.862);Type 3(s*E:"imbalanced local gov.(Ⅱ)")including Gapyeong County(0.922);and Type 4(s*e:"unsustainable local gov.")including Pyeongtaek City(0.650).As a result,this paper suggests policy priority should be placed on the local governments of Type 4 where all three dimensions of sustainable development pose challenges.Furthermore,it is important for Type 2 and Type 3 to enhance policy coherence for sustainability.展开更多
This study analyzes the User Interface(UI)and User Experience(UX)of information systems that provide local government information.The systems analyzed are the Local Administrative Comprehensive Information Disclosure ...This study analyzes the User Interface(UI)and User Experience(UX)of information systems that provide local government information.The systems analyzed are the Local Administrative Comprehensive Information Disclosure System(Zheripan),the Integrated Local Financial Disclosure System(Qinching Online),and the Local Regulations Information System(12348 Zhejiang Legal Network).The Local Administrative Comprehensive Information Disclosure System offers public service and personnel information,while the Integrated Local Financial Disclosure System provides financial information,and the Local Regulations Information System offers legal information as its main content.The analysis framework utilized three elements:objective data,psychological factors,and heuristic evaluation.The results of the first objective data analysis show that approximately 70%of visits to Zheripan and Qinching Online are through search,and the time spent on the homepage is short.In contrast,about 70%of visits to the 12348 Zhejiang Legal Network are direct visits,with users browsing multiple pages with a clear purpose.In terms of data provision methods,Zheripan provides two types of data in three formats,Qinching Online offers 28 types of data in five formats,and 12348 Zhejiang Legal Network provides one type of information in a single format.The second psychological factor analysis found that all three websites had a number of menus suitable for short-term cognitive capacity.However,only one of the sites had a layout that considered the user’s eye movement.Finally,the heuristic evaluation revealed that most of the evaluation criteria were not met.While the design is relatively simple and follows standards,feedback for users,error prevention,and help options were lacking.Moreover,the user-specific usability was low,and the systems remained at the information-providing level.Based on these findings,both short-term and long-term improvement measures for creating an interactive system beyond simple information disclosure are proposed.展开更多
This paper leverages the Opinions of the State Council on Further Promoting the Reform of the Household Registration System as a quasi-natural experiment to examine the impact of rural migrant urbanization on local go...This paper leverages the Opinions of the State Council on Further Promoting the Reform of the Household Registration System as a quasi-natural experiment to examine the impact of rural migrant urbanization on local government expenditures in science and technology(S&T)and education.Employing a generalized difference-in-differences(generalized-DID)approach and panel data from 271 Chinese prefecture-level and above-level cities spanning 2003–2019,we find that household registration reform driven by this urbanization process significantly increased the absolute level as well as the fiscal share of S&T and education spending.Mechanism analyses indicate that rural migrant urbanization promotes these expenditures through two channels:increasing the overall local fiscal revenue and encouraging a greater proportion of the fiscal resources to be allocated to these sectors.The findings uncover the current evolving trends in fiscal resource allocation due to rural migrant urbanization and provide empirical evidence for optimizing the provision of public services and enhancing the potential of long-term economic development.展开更多
In recent years,local government debt reduction and risk prevention have been the subjects of common concern to all parties.China's local government debt has different reasons in different historical periods,and t...In recent years,local government debt reduction and risk prevention have been the subjects of common concern to all parties.China's local government debt has different reasons in different historical periods,and the main line running through this is the development orientation of local governments.It is undeniable that local government debt has played an indelible role in China's rapid economic growth.However,due to historical restrictions,flood irrigation inevitably brought sediment all over the ground.Therefore,this paper intends to rethink the causes of local government debt from the perspective of the dual role of regional government and the main body of meso economics.展开更多
This study aims to develop and evaluate the indicators of Sustainable Development Goals(hereafter SDGs)for local governments in Gyeonggi Province,South Korea from the perspective of the glocal mainstreaming of SDGs an...This study aims to develop and evaluate the indicators of Sustainable Development Goals(hereafter SDGs)for local governments in Gyeonggi Province,South Korea from the perspective of the glocal mainstreaming of SDGs and localization.Through surveys and focus group meetings,35 SDGs indicators that are to be implemented by both the Gyeonggi Provincial government and 31 separate local governments were selected and an overall index was calculated by standardizing 27 indicators.Through the comparative analysis of the fuzzy-set,this paper revealed the four ideal types along with the arrangement of two variables,the socio-economic SDGs index(S)and the environmental SDGs index(E),which are derived from 31 local governments.In short,some examples of this arrangement are the Type 1(S^(*)E:“sustainable local gov.”)including Hanam City(fuzzy score,0.729);Type 2(S^(*)e:“imbalanced local gov.(I)”)including Hwaseong City(0.862);Type 3(s^(*)E:“imbalanced local gov.(II)”)including Gapyeong County(0.922);and Type 4(s^(*)e:“unsustainable local gov.”)including Pyeongtaek City(0.650).As a result,this paper suggests policy priority should be placed on the local governments of Type 4 where all three dimensions of sustainable development pose challenges.Furthermore,it is important for Type 2 and Type 3 to enhance policy coherence for sustainability.展开更多
Practice and Reflections on Local Governments’Response to Major Natural Disasters Authors:He Zhen et al.Year:2014Publisher:People’s Publishing House ISBN:9787010137049(478 pages,in Chinese)China is a countr y with f...Practice and Reflections on Local Governments’Response to Major Natural Disasters Authors:He Zhen et al.Year:2014Publisher:People’s Publishing House ISBN:9787010137049(478 pages,in Chinese)China is a countr y with frequent occur rence of major natural disasters.Especially since the 21st century,natural disasters。展开更多
In line with China’s shift toward developing a more harmonious society, local governments are working hard to pay greater attention to the needs of the people. Recently,
On July 12,the 2017 BRICS Friendship Cities and Local Governments Cooperation Forum was successfully held in Chengdu by the CPAFFC, CIFCA and Chengdu Municipal People’s Government. It was hosted by the Chengdu Foreig...On July 12,the 2017 BRICS Friendship Cities and Local Governments Cooperation Forum was successfully held in Chengdu by the CPAFFC, CIFCA and Chengdu Municipal People’s Government. It was hosted by the Chengdu Foreign Affairs Office. Wang Jiarui, vice-chairman of the National Committee of the CPPCC; Li Xiaolin, president of the CPAFFC and CIFCA; Deng Chuan, vice-展开更多
This research investigates the role of local governments in stimulating an emerging industry and focuses on the specific growth of the new energy vehicle industry in Hangzhou,China.This research confirms that enabling...This research investigates the role of local governments in stimulating an emerging industry and focuses on the specific growth of the new energy vehicle industry in Hangzhou,China.This research confirms that enabling firms to access emerging technology,acquire financial support,and touch customers and/or suppliers are critical to foster the emergence and development of industries.Moreover,the primary contribution of this study is to emphasize the support of the local government in the development of emerging industries on the perspective of the creation of a large-scale market demand.The creation of large-scale market demand may inspire actors to be proactive in responding to these incentives;thus,public and private actions may help increase the accessibility to technology,infrastructure,and finances.Hence,a market-oriented policy that incentivizes the creation and expansion of market demand among diverse public and private actors should be seen as the key issue for the emergence and growth of emerging industries.Policies should also be adopted promptly with the development of the market.展开更多
This paper develops an economic growth model incorporating China’s Environmental Target Responsibility System(ETRS)to analyze its impact on both economic growth and social welfare.We find that the ETRS’s effect on e...This paper develops an economic growth model incorporating China’s Environmental Target Responsibility System(ETRS)to analyze its impact on both economic growth and social welfare.We find that the ETRS’s effect on economic growth is complex,resulting from the interplay of three key factors:its potential to improve environmental quality,its potential dampening effect on total factor productivity(TFP),and its influence on local government spending on environmental governance.A balanced ETRS can improve environmental quality,promote technological innovation,and enhance social welfare.However,excessively stringent targets and overly emphasized responsibility may lead to declines in both economic growth and social welfare.From the perspective of balancing economic growth and social welfare,we find that the ETRS that maximizes economic growth is less stringent than the ETRS that maximizes social welfare.Crucially,the economic growth cost of shifting from a growth-maximizing to a welfare-maximizing ETRS is minimal.In other words,significant improvements in environmental quality and public well-being can be achieved without substantially sacrificing economic dynamism.This paper attempts to model China’s unique environmental target assessment system within the framework of endogenous growth theory,offering a new perspective for understanding the dynamic relationship between economic growth and environmental quality in China.展开更多
Two rounds of leveraging-up have led to a high debt ratio in the Chinese economy, triggered liquidity mismatch and increased systemic financial risks. The key causes of local government liabilities are soft budget con...Two rounds of leveraging-up have led to a high debt ratio in the Chinese economy, triggered liquidity mismatch and increased systemic financial risks. The key causes of local government liabilities are soft budget constraints and non-market-based factor allocation. Currently, the risks of local government liabilities are generally controllable. This paper concludes that the long-term solution to managing local government liabilities is to enhance budget constraint and institutional assurance and proposes countermeasures in the reform of urban construction investment and ftnancing mechanisms.展开更多
Utilized fundamental theory and analysis method of Incomplete Information repeated games, introduced Incomplete Information into repeated games, and established two stages dynamic games model of the local authority an...Utilized fundamental theory and analysis method of Incomplete Information repeated games, introduced Incomplete Information into repeated games, and established two stages dynamic games model of the local authority and the coal mine owner. The analytic result indicates that： so long as the country established the corresponding rewards and punishments incentive mechanism to the local authority departments responsible for the work, it reports the safety accident in the coal mine on time. The conclusion that the local government displays right and wrong cooperation behavior will be changed with the introduction of the Incomplete Information. Only has the local authority fulfill their responsibility, can the unsafe accident be controlled effectively. Once this kind of cooperation of local government appears, the costs of the country on the safe supervise and the difficulty will be able to decrease greatly.展开更多
The purpose of this article is to raise the question of how important decentralisation and local governments are for the successful transition and eventually for sustainable human development of a state. The paper foc...The purpose of this article is to raise the question of how important decentralisation and local governments are for the successful transition and eventually for sustainable human development of a state. The paper focuses on the gap between development or transition and decentralisation within academic and international policy discourse. In article, the author tries to answer such questions as how local government can contribute to SHD （sustainable human development）. And how should the international community contribute to and support the transition and development process of the developing countries？ Article shows that local self-government can be a school of democracy and responsibility for the wealth of the state and citizens. By sharing the Polish decentralisation experience, the author shows how important decentralisation might be for successful transition, democratization and sustainable development. The paper also includes a short introduction to the European Charter, recent African efforts like AMCOD or UCLGA and European Union development assistance policy. The purpose of this is to show how little attention is paid to local governments and decentralisation within international policy and how huge is the gap between Europe＇s （developed） states and Africa＇s （developing） states related to their decentralisation policy, law and practice.展开更多
The situation of the contemporary economic systems is based on their ability to ensure optimal response to the customer needs.There are several important groups of clients,who may determine development processes and w...The situation of the contemporary economic systems is based on their ability to ensure optimal response to the customer needs.There are several important groups of clients,who may determine development processes and who are recipients of public services.They include:residents,entrepreneurs,tourists,and State Treasury.Local governments are equipped with a range of legal instruments to provide public services addressed to the selected clients.The objective of this paper is to present the application of the AHP method to assess the significance of the selected categories of public services for different groups of clients in Poland.The results allow setting priorities for future policy and adjust the tasks to the specific expectations of each group of clients.The model of assessment of public services was built using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP).Since the 1970's,this multicriteria decision-support method has been used by researchers and practitioners in many areas of socioeconomic life.The case study presented in this paper involved 14 experts--public administration workers in one of the districts in Southern Poland.The survey consisted of two stages.First,they assessed--using the AHP--the influence of each group of customers on local development processes.The most important was"business"(priority 38.7%),followed by"tourists"(29.7%),"citizens"(26.1%),and"central administration"(5.5%).Second,they evaluated at the five-point Liken scale the influence of over 20 different public services with respect to different groups of clients.The results were aggregated using arithmetic mean and multiplied by the priorities of the clients.The synthesized final score indicated the most significant public activities overall,which were"roads"(4.16),"transport"(3.93),and"tourism"(3.84).展开更多
Local governmental debts in China seem to be in a more precarious position than local government debts in the USA. The scale of Chinese local government debts far surpasses that of the USA. Further, Chinese local gove...Local governmental debts in China seem to be in a more precarious position than local government debts in the USA. The scale of Chinese local government debts far surpasses that of the USA. Further, Chinese local government debts appear to be expanding at an alarming rate in the past decade or so. This research focuses on grand strategies for dealing with Chinese local government debts. There are five research questions for this paper： 1） What is the size of the Chinese government debts？ 2） Are Chinese local government debts controllable？ 3） Who or what caused the rapid increase of the Chinese local government debts？ 4） Is it possible to have individual accountability for increasing local government debts in the future？ and 5） Will it be helpful to create a local government debt management organization in the Chinese central government？ Based on the available literature, this analysis also utilizes in death interviews with 13 government officials, policy analyst, and scholars. First, this paper identifies the size and categories of debts related to Chinese local governments. Then this paper illustrates various ways and methods of Chinese local governments to obtain leverage. After analyzing the causes and origins of these debts, the research demonstrates a potential local systematic risk. By contrast to its advantages and disadvantages, the paper suggests that the local governmental debts need to be constrained. It is important to restrict debt growth in terms of issuing, buying, repurchasing, collateralizing, etc. within a legal framework. With the consideration of political mechanisms in China, the research suggests that the central government establishes a specific organization to help normalize the local governmental debts with the function of supervision and management. The research also believes that it will be an effective way to control the growth of local debts if the central government can hold the relevant top leaders/officials of local governments to be accountable for their performances related to debt accumulation.展开更多
文摘This paper analyzes the links among Europeanization, multilevel governance, and international activities of local governments. To do so, a revision of the literature on these three areas is provided, with a special emphasis on the effects that the Europeanization process （hierarchical and horizontal） and multilevel governance （type I and type II） have had over the internationalization of local governments. Thus, local governments＇ international activities have evolved and adapted to a complex system of governance. Furthermore, the paper offers a reflection on current trends such as European Union （EU） and national programmes aimed at fostering International initiatives of local governments, and the impact of the economic crisis on these activities.
文摘The influence of the transfer payments from the central government to the local governments on the local governments＇ efforts on taxation must be taken into consideration by every country for the design of the transfer payments. Based on the theoretical analysis on the influence of the transfer payments from the central government to the local governments＇ on the local governments＇ payments＇, this paper indicates that the local governments＇ efforts on taxation depends on the demand elasticity of the district for public goods, It increases with the increase of the elasticity. Judge the degree of the local govet：nment＇s efforts on taxation by measure 2. After an empirical analysis on the transJer payments from the central government to the local governments＇from 2000 to 2004, this paper gets the con- clusion that the local governments＇ effbrts on taxation ctbates with the increase of supporting payments or with the increase of the ratio of transfer payments to local wiliing public paymentS. Under speCific Circumstances, the higher the ratio of transfer payments to the local fiscal expenditure is. the smaller the local governments＇ efforts＇ on taxation is＂ under the central payments, whereas＇ the higher the local income is, the higher the efforts is under the central pav- ments. Based on this＇, this paper gives the meaning of its eOrresponding pofiCieS. ＂
文摘Interprovincial counterpart support is a cooperative system used by local governments to achieve horizontal flow of resources based on cross-regional cooperation.Existing research has mainly focused on governance ef‐ficiency,institutional advantages,and ranking incentives while ignoring the scrambling behavior and opera‐tional mechanisms of local governments formed by ranking incentives and territorial responsibilities.This study selected the Wenchuan earthquake,Yushu earthquake,and COVID-19 as three typical cases.We con‐structed a theoretical framework for competition among provincial local governments and found that competi‐tion in interprovincial disaster counterpart support followed a dual behavioral logic of“striving to be first”and“fear of being last”.Specifically,local governments will choose striving to be first under the logic of time coercion,content games,and territorial responsibility;they will choose fear of being last under the logic of re‐sponsibility avoidance and moral pressure.This type of scrambling-based horizontal competition reflects the logic of local government competition tournaments.This study further revealed the specific processes,mecha‐nisms,and results of horizontal local government competition,which can provide inspiration for cross regional and provincial cooperation.
文摘This study aims to develop and evaluate the indicators of Sustainable Development Goals(hereafter SDGs)for local governments in Gyeonggi Province,South Korea from the perspective of the glocal mainstreaming of SDGs and localization.Through surveys and focus group meetings,35 SDGs indicators that are to be implemented by both the Gyeonggi Provincial government and 31 separate local governments were selected and an overall index was calculated by standardizing 27 indicators.Through the comparative analysis of the fuzzy-set,this paper revealed the four ideal types along with the arrangement of two variables,the socioeconomic SDGs index(S)and the environmental SDGs index(E),which are derived from 31 local governments.In short,some examples of this arrangement are the Type 1(S*E:"sustainable local gov.")including Hanam City(fuzzy score,0.729);Type 2(S*e:imbalanced local gov.(1)")including Hwaseong City(0.862);Type 3(s*E:"imbalanced local gov.(Ⅱ)")including Gapyeong County(0.922);and Type 4(s*e:"unsustainable local gov.")including Pyeongtaek City(0.650).As a result,this paper suggests policy priority should be placed on the local governments of Type 4 where all three dimensions of sustainable development pose challenges.Furthermore,it is important for Type 2 and Type 3 to enhance policy coherence for sustainability.
文摘This study analyzes the User Interface(UI)and User Experience(UX)of information systems that provide local government information.The systems analyzed are the Local Administrative Comprehensive Information Disclosure System(Zheripan),the Integrated Local Financial Disclosure System(Qinching Online),and the Local Regulations Information System(12348 Zhejiang Legal Network).The Local Administrative Comprehensive Information Disclosure System offers public service and personnel information,while the Integrated Local Financial Disclosure System provides financial information,and the Local Regulations Information System offers legal information as its main content.The analysis framework utilized three elements:objective data,psychological factors,and heuristic evaluation.The results of the first objective data analysis show that approximately 70%of visits to Zheripan and Qinching Online are through search,and the time spent on the homepage is short.In contrast,about 70%of visits to the 12348 Zhejiang Legal Network are direct visits,with users browsing multiple pages with a clear purpose.In terms of data provision methods,Zheripan provides two types of data in three formats,Qinching Online offers 28 types of data in five formats,and 12348 Zhejiang Legal Network provides one type of information in a single format.The second psychological factor analysis found that all three websites had a number of menus suitable for short-term cognitive capacity.However,only one of the sites had a layout that considered the user’s eye movement.Finally,the heuristic evaluation revealed that most of the evaluation criteria were not met.While the design is relatively simple and follows standards,feedback for users,error prevention,and help options were lacking.Moreover,the user-specific usability was low,and the systems remained at the information-providing level.Based on these findings,both short-term and long-term improvement measures for creating an interactive system beyond simple information disclosure are proposed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Project“Research on the Mechanism and Policy Design of the Impact of Rural Migrant Urbanization on Local Government Education Investment”(Grant No.72103034)the Distinguished Young Scholar Funding Project of the University of International Business and Economics(Grant No.21JQ11).
文摘This paper leverages the Opinions of the State Council on Further Promoting the Reform of the Household Registration System as a quasi-natural experiment to examine the impact of rural migrant urbanization on local government expenditures in science and technology(S&T)and education.Employing a generalized difference-in-differences(generalized-DID)approach and panel data from 271 Chinese prefecture-level and above-level cities spanning 2003–2019,we find that household registration reform driven by this urbanization process significantly increased the absolute level as well as the fiscal share of S&T and education spending.Mechanism analyses indicate that rural migrant urbanization promotes these expenditures through two channels:increasing the overall local fiscal revenue and encouraging a greater proportion of the fiscal resources to be allocated to these sectors.The findings uncover the current evolving trends in fiscal resource allocation due to rural migrant urbanization and provide empirical evidence for optimizing the provision of public services and enhancing the potential of long-term economic development.
文摘In recent years,local government debt reduction and risk prevention have been the subjects of common concern to all parties.China's local government debt has different reasons in different historical periods,and the main line running through this is the development orientation of local governments.It is undeniable that local government debt has played an indelible role in China's rapid economic growth.However,due to historical restrictions,flood irrigation inevitably brought sediment all over the ground.Therefore,this paper intends to rethink the causes of local government debt from the perspective of the dual role of regional government and the main body of meso economics.
文摘This study aims to develop and evaluate the indicators of Sustainable Development Goals(hereafter SDGs)for local governments in Gyeonggi Province,South Korea from the perspective of the glocal mainstreaming of SDGs and localization.Through surveys and focus group meetings,35 SDGs indicators that are to be implemented by both the Gyeonggi Provincial government and 31 separate local governments were selected and an overall index was calculated by standardizing 27 indicators.Through the comparative analysis of the fuzzy-set,this paper revealed the four ideal types along with the arrangement of two variables,the socio-economic SDGs index(S)and the environmental SDGs index(E),which are derived from 31 local governments.In short,some examples of this arrangement are the Type 1(S^(*)E:“sustainable local gov.”)including Hanam City(fuzzy score,0.729);Type 2(S^(*)e:“imbalanced local gov.(I)”)including Hwaseong City(0.862);Type 3(s^(*)E:“imbalanced local gov.(II)”)including Gapyeong County(0.922);and Type 4(s^(*)e:“unsustainable local gov.”)including Pyeongtaek City(0.650).As a result,this paper suggests policy priority should be placed on the local governments of Type 4 where all three dimensions of sustainable development pose challenges.Furthermore,it is important for Type 2 and Type 3 to enhance policy coherence for sustainability.
文摘Practice and Reflections on Local Governments’Response to Major Natural Disasters Authors:He Zhen et al.Year:2014Publisher:People’s Publishing House ISBN:9787010137049(478 pages,in Chinese)China is a countr y with frequent occur rence of major natural disasters.Especially since the 21st century,natural disasters。
文摘In line with China’s shift toward developing a more harmonious society, local governments are working hard to pay greater attention to the needs of the people. Recently,
文摘On July 12,the 2017 BRICS Friendship Cities and Local Governments Cooperation Forum was successfully held in Chengdu by the CPAFFC, CIFCA and Chengdu Municipal People’s Government. It was hosted by the Chengdu Foreign Affairs Office. Wang Jiarui, vice-chairman of the National Committee of the CPPCC; Li Xiaolin, president of the CPAFFC and CIFCA; Deng Chuan, vice-
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.71672172,71232013,and U1509221)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LY 16G020010).
文摘This research investigates the role of local governments in stimulating an emerging industry and focuses on the specific growth of the new energy vehicle industry in Hangzhou,China.This research confirms that enabling firms to access emerging technology,acquire financial support,and touch customers and/or suppliers are critical to foster the emergence and development of industries.Moreover,the primary contribution of this study is to emphasize the support of the local government in the development of emerging industries on the perspective of the creation of a large-scale market demand.The creation of large-scale market demand may inspire actors to be proactive in responding to these incentives;thus,public and private actions may help increase the accessibility to technology,infrastructure,and finances.Hence,a market-oriented policy that incentivizes the creation and expansion of market demand among diverse public and private actors should be seen as the key issue for the emergence and growth of emerging industries.Policies should also be adopted promptly with the development of the market.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(NSSFC)Project“Research on Economic Growth Theory”(Grant No.22VRC176)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Project“Economic Dynamic Equilibrium and Optimal Regulation Policy Framework Design in the Process of Population Aging”(Grant No.72342033)+1 种基金NSFC Project“Research on the Macroeconomic Impact Mechanism of Local Government Land Allocation Behavior”(Grant No.72003211)the Central University of Finance and Economics Youth Research Innovation Team Support Program Project“Research on Data-Based Platform Anti-Monopoly Regulation”(Grant No.20230047).
文摘This paper develops an economic growth model incorporating China’s Environmental Target Responsibility System(ETRS)to analyze its impact on both economic growth and social welfare.We find that the ETRS’s effect on economic growth is complex,resulting from the interplay of three key factors:its potential to improve environmental quality,its potential dampening effect on total factor productivity(TFP),and its influence on local government spending on environmental governance.A balanced ETRS can improve environmental quality,promote technological innovation,and enhance social welfare.However,excessively stringent targets and overly emphasized responsibility may lead to declines in both economic growth and social welfare.From the perspective of balancing economic growth and social welfare,we find that the ETRS that maximizes economic growth is less stringent than the ETRS that maximizes social welfare.Crucially,the economic growth cost of shifting from a growth-maximizing to a welfare-maximizing ETRS is minimal.In other words,significant improvements in environmental quality and public well-being can be achieved without substantially sacrificing economic dynamism.This paper attempts to model China’s unique environmental target assessment system within the framework of endogenous growth theory,offering a new perspective for understanding the dynamic relationship between economic growth and environmental quality in China.
文摘Two rounds of leveraging-up have led to a high debt ratio in the Chinese economy, triggered liquidity mismatch and increased systemic financial risks. The key causes of local government liabilities are soft budget constraints and non-market-based factor allocation. Currently, the risks of local government liabilities are generally controllable. This paper concludes that the long-term solution to managing local government liabilities is to enhance budget constraint and institutional assurance and proposes countermeasures in the reform of urban construction investment and ftnancing mechanisms.
文摘Utilized fundamental theory and analysis method of Incomplete Information repeated games, introduced Incomplete Information into repeated games, and established two stages dynamic games model of the local authority and the coal mine owner. The analytic result indicates that： so long as the country established the corresponding rewards and punishments incentive mechanism to the local authority departments responsible for the work, it reports the safety accident in the coal mine on time. The conclusion that the local government displays right and wrong cooperation behavior will be changed with the introduction of the Incomplete Information. Only has the local authority fulfill their responsibility, can the unsafe accident be controlled effectively. Once this kind of cooperation of local government appears, the costs of the country on the safe supervise and the difficulty will be able to decrease greatly.
文摘The purpose of this article is to raise the question of how important decentralisation and local governments are for the successful transition and eventually for sustainable human development of a state. The paper focuses on the gap between development or transition and decentralisation within academic and international policy discourse. In article, the author tries to answer such questions as how local government can contribute to SHD （sustainable human development）. And how should the international community contribute to and support the transition and development process of the developing countries？ Article shows that local self-government can be a school of democracy and responsibility for the wealth of the state and citizens. By sharing the Polish decentralisation experience, the author shows how important decentralisation might be for successful transition, democratization and sustainable development. The paper also includes a short introduction to the European Charter, recent African efforts like AMCOD or UCLGA and European Union development assistance policy. The purpose of this is to show how little attention is paid to local governments and decentralisation within international policy and how huge is the gap between Europe＇s （developed） states and Africa＇s （developing） states related to their decentralisation policy, law and practice.
文摘The situation of the contemporary economic systems is based on their ability to ensure optimal response to the customer needs.There are several important groups of clients,who may determine development processes and who are recipients of public services.They include:residents,entrepreneurs,tourists,and State Treasury.Local governments are equipped with a range of legal instruments to provide public services addressed to the selected clients.The objective of this paper is to present the application of the AHP method to assess the significance of the selected categories of public services for different groups of clients in Poland.The results allow setting priorities for future policy and adjust the tasks to the specific expectations of each group of clients.The model of assessment of public services was built using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP).Since the 1970's,this multicriteria decision-support method has been used by researchers and practitioners in many areas of socioeconomic life.The case study presented in this paper involved 14 experts--public administration workers in one of the districts in Southern Poland.The survey consisted of two stages.First,they assessed--using the AHP--the influence of each group of customers on local development processes.The most important was"business"(priority 38.7%),followed by"tourists"(29.7%),"citizens"(26.1%),and"central administration"(5.5%).Second,they evaluated at the five-point Liken scale the influence of over 20 different public services with respect to different groups of clients.The results were aggregated using arithmetic mean and multiplied by the priorities of the clients.The synthesized final score indicated the most significant public activities overall,which were"roads"(4.16),"transport"(3.93),and"tourism"(3.84).
文摘Local governmental debts in China seem to be in a more precarious position than local government debts in the USA. The scale of Chinese local government debts far surpasses that of the USA. Further, Chinese local government debts appear to be expanding at an alarming rate in the past decade or so. This research focuses on grand strategies for dealing with Chinese local government debts. There are five research questions for this paper： 1） What is the size of the Chinese government debts？ 2） Are Chinese local government debts controllable？ 3） Who or what caused the rapid increase of the Chinese local government debts？ 4） Is it possible to have individual accountability for increasing local government debts in the future？ and 5） Will it be helpful to create a local government debt management organization in the Chinese central government？ Based on the available literature, this analysis also utilizes in death interviews with 13 government officials, policy analyst, and scholars. First, this paper identifies the size and categories of debts related to Chinese local governments. Then this paper illustrates various ways and methods of Chinese local governments to obtain leverage. After analyzing the causes and origins of these debts, the research demonstrates a potential local systematic risk. By contrast to its advantages and disadvantages, the paper suggests that the local governmental debts need to be constrained. It is important to restrict debt growth in terms of issuing, buying, repurchasing, collateralizing, etc. within a legal framework. With the consideration of political mechanisms in China, the research suggests that the central government establishes a specific organization to help normalize the local governmental debts with the function of supervision and management. The research also believes that it will be an effective way to control the growth of local debts if the central government can hold the relevant top leaders/officials of local governments to be accountable for their performances related to debt accumulation.
