BACKGROUND Metastasis of breast cancer usually affects the lungs,bones,liver,and brain.It rarely spreads to the gastrointestinal tract,and cases with similar endoscopic manifestations are even rarer.Herein,we report a...BACKGROUND Metastasis of breast cancer usually affects the lungs,bones,liver,and brain.It rarely spreads to the gastrointestinal tract,and cases with similar endoscopic manifestations are even rarer.Herein,we report a 52-year-old woman presenting with metastatic lobular carcinoma involving the gastrointestinal tract four years following a left mastectomy,chemoradiotherapy,and hormone therapy for lobular carcinoma of the breast.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old woman presented with a history of invasive lobular carcinoma and experienced metastasis of breast cancer to the gastrointestinal tract.The patient underwent a left mastectomy and tumor cells were positive for estrogen receptor(ER)and progesterone receptor(PR),negative for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)and E-cadherin.She did not experience any local or distant recurrences for four years following the mastectomy,chemoradiotherapy,and hormone therapy.However,the patient complained of upper abdominal discomfort and was transferred to our hospital.The endoscopic examination revealed multiple crater-like ulcers scattered throughout the stomach,gastric antrum,and colorectum.Surprisingly,the histology of colorectum lesions was the same as that of gastric metastasis.Gastric tumor cells were positive for GATA-binding protein 3(GATA3),PR,and ER,negative for HER2.The colorectum tumor cells were positive for GATA3 and ER and negative for cytokeratin 20.Based on the results of immunohistological examination,a final diagnosis of gastrointestinal metastases from breast cancer was established.CONCLUSION Distinguishing metastatic breast cancer from primary gastrointestinal lesions is crucial for initiating the correct treatment and enhancing the quality of life for patients.展开更多
Introduction: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common histologic type of breast cancer, representing 5% to 15% of invasive tumors. ILC tends to spread to bones, lungs, central nervous system, reprod...Introduction: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common histologic type of breast cancer, representing 5% to 15% of invasive tumors. ILC tends to spread to bones, lungs, central nervous system, reproductive organs, and the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract). The most commonly affected organs in the GI tract are the stomach, small intestine, followed by colon and rectum. Case presentation: A 78-year-old woman who was referred to our institution after having a bowel obstruction that required a diagnostic laparoscopy where they identified an obstructing ulcerative lesion in the distal ileum that was managed with a segmental bowel resection. Pathology report showed an invasive lobular breast carcinoma that occluded 90% of the bowel lumen. A PET/CT scan revealed a left breast tumor with increased metabolism. The patient was staged as a clinical cT4b, cN0, cM1 left breast invasive lobular carcinoma (ER/PgR positive, HER-2 negative). She was managed with endocrine therapy with Letrozole (an eight-week course). A follow-up PET/CT showed a peritoneal hypermetabolic nodule adjacent to the previous ileal anastomosis. The lesion decreased in size and metabolic activity. In a multidisciplinary fashion, the endocrine therapy was extended for another three months. Another follow-up PET/CT scan was performed three months after the identification of the peritoneal implant that showed that the nodule increased in size and in metabolism. The lesion continued to decrease significantly in size and became metabolically inactivity. Due to the good breast response and the possibility that the ileal nodule could be a granuloma, she underwent an exploratory laparoscopy with excision of the peritoneal nodule, and a modified left radical mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction (complex wound closure). The final pathology report of the nodule was negative for malignancy. She continued on endocrine therapy and underwent whole breast irradiation four weeks after the operation. Currently, she is free of disease with no evidence of local, regional, or distant recurrence, and she is still on endocrine therapy. Discussion: The time interval between primary breast cancer and gastrointestinal involvement may range from synchronous presentation to as long as 30 years. The clinical manifestations in GI lobular breast cancer metastasis may range from non-specific complaints to acute GI symptoms, such as a bowel obstruction. There are multiple controversies in the management of ILC. Systemic treatment should be initiated as soon as possible. Indications for postmastectomy radiotherapy are also controversial, given the propensity for multifocal/multicentric tumors and late recurrences, sometimes in atypical locations. Five years of postoperative adjuvant hormonal therapy is an option for women with poor prognosis. Remissions are observed in 32% to 53% of patients. Conclusion: Metastatic lobular carcinoma of the breast has a wide range of clinical presentations. Patients with a history of breast cancer who present with new GI tumors should have these lesions evaluated for evidence of metastasis through histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis, this will allow for appropriate management. Currently, breast cancer management involves a multidisciplinary approach including surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic medical therapy, and the treatment must be tailored to the patient’s needs.展开更多
Granulomatous lobular mastitis(GLM) is a rare and chronic benign inflammatory disease of the breast. Difficulties exist in the management of GLM for many front-line surgeons and medical specialists who care for patien...Granulomatous lobular mastitis(GLM) is a rare and chronic benign inflammatory disease of the breast. Difficulties exist in the management of GLM for many front-line surgeons and medical specialists who care for patients with inflammatory disorders of the breast. This consensus is summarized to establish evidence-based recommendations for the management of GLM. Literature was reviewed using PubMed from January 1, 1971 to July 31, 2020. Sixty-six international experienced multidisciplinary experts from 11 countries or regions were invited to review the evidence.Levels of evidence were determined using the American College of Physicians grading system, and recommendations were discussed until consensus. Experts discussed and concluded 30 recommendations on historical definitions,etiology and predisposing factors, diagnosis criteria, treatment, clinical stages, relapse and recurrence of GLM. GLM was recommended as a widely accepted definition. In addition, this consensus introduced a new clinical stages and management algorithm for GLM to provide individual treatment strategies. In conclusion, diagnosis of GLM depends on a combination of history, clinical manifestations, imaging examinations, laboratory examinations and pathology.The approach to treatment of GLM should be applied according to the different clinical stage of GLM. This evidencebased consensus would be valuable to assist front-line surgeons and medical specialists in the optimal management of GLM.展开更多
Granulomatous lobular mastitis is a rare inflammatory disease of the breast of unknown etiology. Most present as breast masses in women of child-bearing age. A 29-year-old female presented with a swollen, firm and ten...Granulomatous lobular mastitis is a rare inflammatory disease of the breast of unknown etiology. Most present as breast masses in women of child-bearing age. A 29-year-old female presented with a swollen, firm and tender right breast, initially misdiagnosed as mastitis. Core needle biopsy revealed findings consistent with granulomatous lobular mastitis, and cultures were all negative for an infectious etiology. She was started on steroid therapy to which she initially responded well. A few weeks later she deteriorated and was found to have multiple breast abscesses. She underwent operative drainage and cultures grew Mycobacterium fortuitum. Granulomatous lobular mastitis is a rare inflammatory disease of the breast. The definitive diagnose entails a biopsy. Other causes of chronic or granulomatous mastitis should be ruled out, including atypical or rare bacteria such as Mycobacterium fortuitum. This is the first reported case of granulomatous mastitis secondary to Mycobacterium fortuitum. With pathologic confirmation of granulomatous mastitis, an infectious etiology must be ruled out. Atypical bacteria such as Mycobacterium fortuitum may not readily grow on cultures, as with our case. Medical management is appropriate, with surgical excision reserved for refractory cases or for drainage of abscesses.展开更多
BACKGROUND Variations in the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)gene have been reported as risk factors for numerous conditions,including cardiovascular disease,thrombophilia,stroke,hypertension and pregnancy-...BACKGROUND Variations in the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)gene have been reported as risk factors for numerous conditions,including cardiovascular disease,thrombophilia,stroke,hypertension and pregnancy-related complications.Moreover,it was reported there is an association between breast cancer and mutations in MTHFR-C677T.However,whether there is an association between MTHFR gene polymorphism and granulomatous lobular mastitis or not has been rarely investigated.AIM To analyze the association between MTHFR gene polymorphism and granulomatous lobular mastitis.METHODS Fifty-one patients with granulomatous lobular mastitis admitted to The First Hospital of Kunming were selected as study samples.Their hospitalization time ranged from February 2018 to February 2019.The 51 patients were included in the experimental group,and another 51 women who underwent physical examination at The First Hospital of Kunming in the same period were included in the control group.Deoxyribonucleic acid and MTFR genetic polymorphism testing were performed in each group.The association between MTHFR gene polymorphism and granulomatous lobular mastitis was observed.RESULTS There were significant differences in genotype frequency and allele frequency of C/C and C/T between the experimental group and the control group(all P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in frequency of T/T genotype between the two groups(P>0.05).In addition,there was no significant difference in genotype frequency and allele frequency of A/A,A/C and C/C between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION MTHFR gene C677T locus polymorphism is closely related to granulomatous lobular mastitis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Granulomatous lobular mastitis(GLM)is a type of benign chronic inflammatory disease that poses therapeutic challenges to healthcare providers.The diagnosis of GLM relies on tissue biopsy,and incorrect treat...BACKGROUND Granulomatous lobular mastitis(GLM)is a type of benign chronic inflammatory disease that poses therapeutic challenges to healthcare providers.The diagnosis of GLM relies on tissue biopsy,and incorrect treatment may lead to delayed diagnosis,considerable aesthetic damage,and even mastectomy.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 37-year-old Chinese woman who was lactating and had GLM in both breasts.At the time of treatment,the right breast had a mass of approximately 15 cm×11 cm,which was hard and had poor mobility.Multiple skin ulcerations and pus spills were also observed on the surface of the breast.The left breast had a mass of about 13 cm×9 cm,which was hard and had poor mobility.CONCLUSION Herein,we report a case of bilateral GLM in a lactating woman that was successfully treated with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),without the requirement for surgery or other treatments.Therefore,TCM may have advantages in the nonsurgical treatment of GLM.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH) is a benign vascular tumor that is rare in adults and has never been reported in the liver. This vascular lesion usually presents on the skin or mucous membranes, and pre...BACKGROUND: Lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH) is a benign vascular tumor that is rare in adults and has never been reported in the liver. This vascular lesion usually presents on the skin or mucous membranes, and predominantly affects children. METHODS: LCH as a large asymptomatic hepatic mass was seen in a 35-year-old female. Imaging and pathologic characteristics of the mass are reviewed, and the relevant literature is also reviewed. RESULTS: A large vascular hepatic lesion was observed in an asymptomatic 35-year-old female. Pathologic examination after surgical resection revealed typical features of LCH. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first case of lobular capillary hemangioma seen as a liver lesion in an adult. Large vascular hepatic lesions pose significant difficulties in discerning benign from potentially malignant conditions. In this report we describe the pitfalls and radiological uncertainties with interpreting vascular lesions of the liver. (Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2009; 8: 323-325)展开更多
In this study cortisol and cyclophosphamide were injected into abdominal cavities of mice to keep them in an immunosuppressive state. Then the pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae was given to infect the lungs and the exper...In this study cortisol and cyclophosphamide were injected into abdominal cavities of mice to keep them in an immunosuppressive state. Then the pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae was given to infect the lungs and the experimental modcl of lobular pneumonia in the mice was thus established successfully.The experimental animal model has typical pathologic manifestation and good replication and can be used to to study the effect of drugs.展开更多
The clinical significance of pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ(PLCIS) is a subject of controversy. As a consequence, there is a risk of providing inconsistent management to patients presenting with PLCIS. This rev...The clinical significance of pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ(PLCIS) is a subject of controversy. As a consequence, there is a risk of providing inconsistent management to patients presenting with PLCIS. This review aims to establish whether the current guidelines for the management of PLCIS are consistent with current evidence. A systematic electronic search was performed to identify all English language articles regarding PLCIS management. The data was analysed, specifically looking at: incidence of concurrent disease, recurrence rates, long-term prognosis and PLCIS management. A search was also performed for PLCIS management guidelines for the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia, Germany and pan-European. The results of the evidence analyses were compared to the guidelines in order to establish whether the recommended management is consistent with the published evidence. Nine studies(level 3-4 evidence), involving a total of 176 patients and five management guidelines(from United Kingdom, United States, Australia and pan-European) were included in the review. From the evidence, 46 of 93(49%) patients were found to have PLCIS with concurrent invasive disease on excision specimen analysis. Regarding recurrence rates, 11 of 117(9.4%) patients developed a recurrence of PLCIS. There were no instances of invasive disease or ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS) on recurrence histology. There were no studies assessing long-term outcomes in PLCIS cases. With regards to the management guidelines, the Association of Breast Surgery(United Kingdom) and the National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Care(Australia) do not mention PLCIS. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network(United States) suggest considering excision of PLCIS with negative margins. The NHS Breast Screening Programme(United Kingdom) and the European Society of Medical Oncology(pan-European) recommend PLCIS should be treated as with DCIS. We conclude that high quality evidence to inform guidance is lacking, thus recommendations are relatively vague. However, based on the available evidence, it would seem prudent to treat PLCIS in a similar manner to DCIS.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal metastasis of breast cancer is rare,and clinicians may not have previously encountered this disease in clinical practice.CASE SUMMARY We report a patient with invasive lobular carcinoma of ...BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal metastasis of breast cancer is rare,and clinicians may not have previously encountered this disease in clinical practice.CASE SUMMARY We report a patient with invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast who developed gastrointestinal metastasis two years after modified radical surgery.Mild elevation of carbohydrate antigen 15-3 was observed in the patient at an early stage;however,diagnosis and treatment were delayed due to non-specific clinical manifestations and no identifiable metastasis observed on imaging.CONCLUSION Clinicians should pay attention to gastrointestinal metastasis of breast cancer,especially invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast.展开更多
Primary breast carcinoma is the most common cause of cutaneous metastases in adult females, comprising about one fourth of patients with the disease. Although CM usually manifests as a late event in the course of a kn...Primary breast carcinoma is the most common cause of cutaneous metastases in adult females, comprising about one fourth of patients with the disease. Although CM usually manifests as a late event in the course of a known neoplasm, they are rarely the presenting sign of an undiagnosed malignancy. Invasive Lobular carcinoma is known to be more likely to spread to unusual sites.展开更多
BACKGROUND Invasive lobular carcinomas(ILC)form 5%-10%of breast cancer and rarely show overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2).AIM To describe the prevalence and prognostic factors of HER2 pos...BACKGROUND Invasive lobular carcinomas(ILC)form 5%-10%of breast cancer and rarely show overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2).AIM To describe the prevalence and prognostic factors of HER2 positive(HER2+)ILC in an Asian population.METHODS A retrospective review of patients with ILC seen between January 1985 and March 2018 at various SingHealth medical institutions was conducted.Demographic and clinical data were collected from medical records.We examined clinicopathological characteristics and survival in relation to HER2 status.RESULTS A total of 864 patients were included.Prevalence of HER2 positivity was 10.1%(87 patients).Compared with HER2 negative(HER2-)ILC,HER2+ILC was associated with a higher proportion of estrogen receptor negative(24.4%vs 5.9%,P<0.001),progesterone receptor negative(PR-)(40.2%vs 24%,P=0.002)and grade 3 tumours(Grade 3,29.0%vs 10.2%,P<0.001).Overall survival rate was poorer in patients with HER2+compared to HER2-ILC(56.7%vs 72.9%alive at 10 years;hazard ratio 1.87,95%confidence interval:1.21-2.90,P=0.004).Based on multivariate analysis,negative prognostic factors for overall survival included HER2 positivity,PR negativity,older age,Indian ethnicity and higher tumour stage.CONCLUSION Prevalence of HER2+ILC was 10.1%.HER2+ILC was more likely to have poorer prognostic features such as estrogen receptor negative,PR-and higher tumour grade,and have a poorer survival.展开更多
Keloids are tissue repair formed by exuberant fibrosis appearing after a skin wound, burn, vaccination or post inflammatory (folliculitis or acne lesion). This condition causes standard aesthetic prejudice to those wh...Keloids are tissue repair formed by exuberant fibrosis appearing after a skin wound, burn, vaccination or post inflammatory (folliculitis or acne lesion). This condition causes standard aesthetic prejudice to those who are affected. Its management is difficult and its evolution meshes recurrences. We report here a case of giant keloid in the right ear lobe after a piercing and its support.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Metastasis of breast cancer usually affects the lungs,bones,liver,and brain.It rarely spreads to the gastrointestinal tract,and cases with similar endoscopic manifestations are even rarer.Herein,we report a 52-year-old woman presenting with metastatic lobular carcinoma involving the gastrointestinal tract four years following a left mastectomy,chemoradiotherapy,and hormone therapy for lobular carcinoma of the breast.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old woman presented with a history of invasive lobular carcinoma and experienced metastasis of breast cancer to the gastrointestinal tract.The patient underwent a left mastectomy and tumor cells were positive for estrogen receptor(ER)and progesterone receptor(PR),negative for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)and E-cadherin.She did not experience any local or distant recurrences for four years following the mastectomy,chemoradiotherapy,and hormone therapy.However,the patient complained of upper abdominal discomfort and was transferred to our hospital.The endoscopic examination revealed multiple crater-like ulcers scattered throughout the stomach,gastric antrum,and colorectum.Surprisingly,the histology of colorectum lesions was the same as that of gastric metastasis.Gastric tumor cells were positive for GATA-binding protein 3(GATA3),PR,and ER,negative for HER2.The colorectum tumor cells were positive for GATA3 and ER and negative for cytokeratin 20.Based on the results of immunohistological examination,a final diagnosis of gastrointestinal metastases from breast cancer was established.CONCLUSION Distinguishing metastatic breast cancer from primary gastrointestinal lesions is crucial for initiating the correct treatment and enhancing the quality of life for patients.
文摘Introduction: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common histologic type of breast cancer, representing 5% to 15% of invasive tumors. ILC tends to spread to bones, lungs, central nervous system, reproductive organs, and the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract). The most commonly affected organs in the GI tract are the stomach, small intestine, followed by colon and rectum. Case presentation: A 78-year-old woman who was referred to our institution after having a bowel obstruction that required a diagnostic laparoscopy where they identified an obstructing ulcerative lesion in the distal ileum that was managed with a segmental bowel resection. Pathology report showed an invasive lobular breast carcinoma that occluded 90% of the bowel lumen. A PET/CT scan revealed a left breast tumor with increased metabolism. The patient was staged as a clinical cT4b, cN0, cM1 left breast invasive lobular carcinoma (ER/PgR positive, HER-2 negative). She was managed with endocrine therapy with Letrozole (an eight-week course). A follow-up PET/CT showed a peritoneal hypermetabolic nodule adjacent to the previous ileal anastomosis. The lesion decreased in size and metabolic activity. In a multidisciplinary fashion, the endocrine therapy was extended for another three months. Another follow-up PET/CT scan was performed three months after the identification of the peritoneal implant that showed that the nodule increased in size and in metabolism. The lesion continued to decrease significantly in size and became metabolically inactivity. Due to the good breast response and the possibility that the ileal nodule could be a granuloma, she underwent an exploratory laparoscopy with excision of the peritoneal nodule, and a modified left radical mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction (complex wound closure). The final pathology report of the nodule was negative for malignancy. She continued on endocrine therapy and underwent whole breast irradiation four weeks after the operation. Currently, she is free of disease with no evidence of local, regional, or distant recurrence, and she is still on endocrine therapy. Discussion: The time interval between primary breast cancer and gastrointestinal involvement may range from synchronous presentation to as long as 30 years. The clinical manifestations in GI lobular breast cancer metastasis may range from non-specific complaints to acute GI symptoms, such as a bowel obstruction. There are multiple controversies in the management of ILC. Systemic treatment should be initiated as soon as possible. Indications for postmastectomy radiotherapy are also controversial, given the propensity for multifocal/multicentric tumors and late recurrences, sometimes in atypical locations. Five years of postoperative adjuvant hormonal therapy is an option for women with poor prognosis. Remissions are observed in 32% to 53% of patients. Conclusion: Metastatic lobular carcinoma of the breast has a wide range of clinical presentations. Patients with a history of breast cancer who present with new GI tumors should have these lesions evaluated for evidence of metastasis through histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis, this will allow for appropriate management. Currently, breast cancer management involves a multidisciplinary approach including surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic medical therapy, and the treatment must be tailored to the patient’s needs.
基金supported by Improving the Ability of Diagnosis and Treatment of Difficult Diseases (ZLYNXM202009)。
文摘Granulomatous lobular mastitis(GLM) is a rare and chronic benign inflammatory disease of the breast. Difficulties exist in the management of GLM for many front-line surgeons and medical specialists who care for patients with inflammatory disorders of the breast. This consensus is summarized to establish evidence-based recommendations for the management of GLM. Literature was reviewed using PubMed from January 1, 1971 to July 31, 2020. Sixty-six international experienced multidisciplinary experts from 11 countries or regions were invited to review the evidence.Levels of evidence were determined using the American College of Physicians grading system, and recommendations were discussed until consensus. Experts discussed and concluded 30 recommendations on historical definitions,etiology and predisposing factors, diagnosis criteria, treatment, clinical stages, relapse and recurrence of GLM. GLM was recommended as a widely accepted definition. In addition, this consensus introduced a new clinical stages and management algorithm for GLM to provide individual treatment strategies. In conclusion, diagnosis of GLM depends on a combination of history, clinical manifestations, imaging examinations, laboratory examinations and pathology.The approach to treatment of GLM should be applied according to the different clinical stage of GLM. This evidencebased consensus would be valuable to assist front-line surgeons and medical specialists in the optimal management of GLM.
文摘Granulomatous lobular mastitis is a rare inflammatory disease of the breast of unknown etiology. Most present as breast masses in women of child-bearing age. A 29-year-old female presented with a swollen, firm and tender right breast, initially misdiagnosed as mastitis. Core needle biopsy revealed findings consistent with granulomatous lobular mastitis, and cultures were all negative for an infectious etiology. She was started on steroid therapy to which she initially responded well. A few weeks later she deteriorated and was found to have multiple breast abscesses. She underwent operative drainage and cultures grew Mycobacterium fortuitum. Granulomatous lobular mastitis is a rare inflammatory disease of the breast. The definitive diagnose entails a biopsy. Other causes of chronic or granulomatous mastitis should be ruled out, including atypical or rare bacteria such as Mycobacterium fortuitum. This is the first reported case of granulomatous mastitis secondary to Mycobacterium fortuitum. With pathologic confirmation of granulomatous mastitis, an infectious etiology must be ruled out. Atypical bacteria such as Mycobacterium fortuitum may not readily grow on cultures, as with our case. Medical management is appropriate, with surgical excision reserved for refractory cases or for drainage of abscesses.
基金Supported by the Xishan District Science and Technology Plan Project of Kunming.
文摘BACKGROUND Variations in the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)gene have been reported as risk factors for numerous conditions,including cardiovascular disease,thrombophilia,stroke,hypertension and pregnancy-related complications.Moreover,it was reported there is an association between breast cancer and mutations in MTHFR-C677T.However,whether there is an association between MTHFR gene polymorphism and granulomatous lobular mastitis or not has been rarely investigated.AIM To analyze the association between MTHFR gene polymorphism and granulomatous lobular mastitis.METHODS Fifty-one patients with granulomatous lobular mastitis admitted to The First Hospital of Kunming were selected as study samples.Their hospitalization time ranged from February 2018 to February 2019.The 51 patients were included in the experimental group,and another 51 women who underwent physical examination at The First Hospital of Kunming in the same period were included in the control group.Deoxyribonucleic acid and MTFR genetic polymorphism testing were performed in each group.The association between MTHFR gene polymorphism and granulomatous lobular mastitis was observed.RESULTS There were significant differences in genotype frequency and allele frequency of C/C and C/T between the experimental group and the control group(all P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in frequency of T/T genotype between the two groups(P>0.05).In addition,there was no significant difference in genotype frequency and allele frequency of A/A,A/C and C/C between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION MTHFR gene C677T locus polymorphism is closely related to granulomatous lobular mastitis.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2017BH107the Shandong Province TCM Science and Technology Development Program,No.2019-0090 and No.2019-0160+2 种基金Jinan Clinical Science and Technology Innovation Plan,No.202019157the Qilu Hygiene and Health Leading Talent Cultivation Project,Lwrz[2020]No.3the Zhaoyang Talent Project of the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine。
文摘BACKGROUND Granulomatous lobular mastitis(GLM)is a type of benign chronic inflammatory disease that poses therapeutic challenges to healthcare providers.The diagnosis of GLM relies on tissue biopsy,and incorrect treatment may lead to delayed diagnosis,considerable aesthetic damage,and even mastectomy.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 37-year-old Chinese woman who was lactating and had GLM in both breasts.At the time of treatment,the right breast had a mass of approximately 15 cm×11 cm,which was hard and had poor mobility.Multiple skin ulcerations and pus spills were also observed on the surface of the breast.The left breast had a mass of about 13 cm×9 cm,which was hard and had poor mobility.CONCLUSION Herein,we report a case of bilateral GLM in a lactating woman that was successfully treated with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),without the requirement for surgery or other treatments.Therefore,TCM may have advantages in the nonsurgical treatment of GLM.
文摘BACKGROUND: Lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH) is a benign vascular tumor that is rare in adults and has never been reported in the liver. This vascular lesion usually presents on the skin or mucous membranes, and predominantly affects children. METHODS: LCH as a large asymptomatic hepatic mass was seen in a 35-year-old female. Imaging and pathologic characteristics of the mass are reviewed, and the relevant literature is also reviewed. RESULTS: A large vascular hepatic lesion was observed in an asymptomatic 35-year-old female. Pathologic examination after surgical resection revealed typical features of LCH. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first case of lobular capillary hemangioma seen as a liver lesion in an adult. Large vascular hepatic lesions pose significant difficulties in discerning benign from potentially malignant conditions. In this report we describe the pitfalls and radiological uncertainties with interpreting vascular lesions of the liver. (Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2009; 8: 323-325)
文摘In this study cortisol and cyclophosphamide were injected into abdominal cavities of mice to keep them in an immunosuppressive state. Then the pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae was given to infect the lungs and the experimental modcl of lobular pneumonia in the mice was thus established successfully.The experimental animal model has typical pathologic manifestation and good replication and can be used to to study the effect of drugs.
文摘The clinical significance of pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ(PLCIS) is a subject of controversy. As a consequence, there is a risk of providing inconsistent management to patients presenting with PLCIS. This review aims to establish whether the current guidelines for the management of PLCIS are consistent with current evidence. A systematic electronic search was performed to identify all English language articles regarding PLCIS management. The data was analysed, specifically looking at: incidence of concurrent disease, recurrence rates, long-term prognosis and PLCIS management. A search was also performed for PLCIS management guidelines for the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia, Germany and pan-European. The results of the evidence analyses were compared to the guidelines in order to establish whether the recommended management is consistent with the published evidence. Nine studies(level 3-4 evidence), involving a total of 176 patients and five management guidelines(from United Kingdom, United States, Australia and pan-European) were included in the review. From the evidence, 46 of 93(49%) patients were found to have PLCIS with concurrent invasive disease on excision specimen analysis. Regarding recurrence rates, 11 of 117(9.4%) patients developed a recurrence of PLCIS. There were no instances of invasive disease or ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS) on recurrence histology. There were no studies assessing long-term outcomes in PLCIS cases. With regards to the management guidelines, the Association of Breast Surgery(United Kingdom) and the National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Care(Australia) do not mention PLCIS. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network(United States) suggest considering excision of PLCIS with negative margins. The NHS Breast Screening Programme(United Kingdom) and the European Society of Medical Oncology(pan-European) recommend PLCIS should be treated as with DCIS. We conclude that high quality evidence to inform guidance is lacking, thus recommendations are relatively vague. However, based on the available evidence, it would seem prudent to treat PLCIS in a similar manner to DCIS.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal metastasis of breast cancer is rare,and clinicians may not have previously encountered this disease in clinical practice.CASE SUMMARY We report a patient with invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast who developed gastrointestinal metastasis two years after modified radical surgery.Mild elevation of carbohydrate antigen 15-3 was observed in the patient at an early stage;however,diagnosis and treatment were delayed due to non-specific clinical manifestations and no identifiable metastasis observed on imaging.CONCLUSION Clinicians should pay attention to gastrointestinal metastasis of breast cancer,especially invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast.
文摘Primary breast carcinoma is the most common cause of cutaneous metastases in adult females, comprising about one fourth of patients with the disease. Although CM usually manifests as a late event in the course of a known neoplasm, they are rarely the presenting sign of an undiagnosed malignancy. Invasive Lobular carcinoma is known to be more likely to spread to unusual sites.
文摘BACKGROUND Invasive lobular carcinomas(ILC)form 5%-10%of breast cancer and rarely show overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2).AIM To describe the prevalence and prognostic factors of HER2 positive(HER2+)ILC in an Asian population.METHODS A retrospective review of patients with ILC seen between January 1985 and March 2018 at various SingHealth medical institutions was conducted.Demographic and clinical data were collected from medical records.We examined clinicopathological characteristics and survival in relation to HER2 status.RESULTS A total of 864 patients were included.Prevalence of HER2 positivity was 10.1%(87 patients).Compared with HER2 negative(HER2-)ILC,HER2+ILC was associated with a higher proportion of estrogen receptor negative(24.4%vs 5.9%,P<0.001),progesterone receptor negative(PR-)(40.2%vs 24%,P=0.002)and grade 3 tumours(Grade 3,29.0%vs 10.2%,P<0.001).Overall survival rate was poorer in patients with HER2+compared to HER2-ILC(56.7%vs 72.9%alive at 10 years;hazard ratio 1.87,95%confidence interval:1.21-2.90,P=0.004).Based on multivariate analysis,negative prognostic factors for overall survival included HER2 positivity,PR negativity,older age,Indian ethnicity and higher tumour stage.CONCLUSION Prevalence of HER2+ILC was 10.1%.HER2+ILC was more likely to have poorer prognostic features such as estrogen receptor negative,PR-and higher tumour grade,and have a poorer survival.
文摘Keloids are tissue repair formed by exuberant fibrosis appearing after a skin wound, burn, vaccination or post inflammatory (folliculitis or acne lesion). This condition causes standard aesthetic prejudice to those who are affected. Its management is difficult and its evolution meshes recurrences. We report here a case of giant keloid in the right ear lobe after a piercing and its support.
