The flow field and aerodynamic performances for the scarfed lobed forced mixer are studied based on a computational fluid dynamics（CFD） technique. A series of computations are conducted to obtain the effects of the ...The flow field and aerodynamic performances for the scarfed lobed forced mixer are studied based on a computational fluid dynamics（CFD） technique. A series of computations are conducted to obtain the effects of the bypass ratio and the scarf angle on the mixing performance for the scarfed lobed mixer. Results show that the scarfed lobed mixer is reduced in the system weight. Meanwhile, aerodynamic performances are slightly improved compared with the normal lobed mixer. Two reasons for causing the mixing enhancement between the core and the bypass flow are as follows： （1） The stream-wise vortices shed from the training edge of the half/full scarfed lobed mixer earlier is enhanced by about 25%. （2） The mixing augmentation is also associated with the increase of the interface length caused by scarfing. The thermal mixing efficiency is enhanced with the increase of the bypass ratio and the scarfing angle. The scarfed lobed mixer design has no negative effects on the pressure loss. The total pressure recovery coefficient reaches above 0. 935 in various bypass ratios and scarfed angles. As the bypass ratio increases, the total pressure recovery coefficient also increases for the scarfed lobed mixer.展开更多
[Objective] We aimed to investigate the preventive and therapeutical effect of compound of traditional Chinese drugs （Japanese raisintree fruit, lobed kudzuvine flower bud and lightyel ow sophora root） on acute alc...[Objective] We aimed to investigate the preventive and therapeutical effect of compound of traditional Chinese drugs （Japanese raisintree fruit, lobed kudzuvine flower bud and lightyel ow sophora root） on acute alcohol intoxication in mice. [Method] Acute alcohol intoxication was induced by administering alcohol to mice. Three different doses （low, middle and high） of compound of traditional Chinese drugs were administered to mice before and after administering alcohol respectively to investigate the preventive and therapeutical effect of drugs on acute alcohol intox-ication through doing statistical analysis about drunk mice and their sleeping time. The concentration of malondialdehyde （MDA）, reduced glutathione （GSH） and triglyc-erides （TG） in liver was also determined to investigate the protective effect of drugs on liver. [Result] The efficacy of compound of traditional Chinese drugs on acute al-cohol intoxication was dose-dependent. High-dose administration decreased the number of drunk mice significantly compared with control group; middle- and high-dose administration reduced the sleeping time of drunk mice and the concentration of MDA and TG in liver tissue; three doses al increased the concentration of GSH. [Conclusion] The compound of Japanese raisintree fruit, lobed kudzuvine flower bud and lightyel ow sophora root had preventive and therapeutical effect on hangover, and it also had certain preventive and therapeutical effect on liver damage caused by alcohol.展开更多
Three-dimensional numerical computation of the flow fields and pumping performances for the lobed mixer-ejector are conducted using full Navier-Stokes equations. In the computation, the inlet of the primary flow uses ...Three-dimensional numerical computation of the flow fields and pumping performances for the lobed mixer-ejector are conducted using full Navier-Stokes equations. In the computation, the inlet of the primary flow uses the mass flowrate boundary condition. The inlet of the second flow and the outlet of the mixing flow use the pressure boundary condition. Compared with the relative experimental resuits, it is shown that the present calculation is reasonable. And a series of numerical studies is performed to obtain the effects of area ratio and length-to-diameter ratio of mixing duct on pumping coefficient and thermal mixing efficiency of a lobed mixer-ejector.展开更多
Leaf is a vital organ of plants that plays an essential role in photosynthesis and respiration.As an important agronomic trait in leaf development,leaf shape is classified into lobed,entire(no-lobed),and serrated in m...Leaf is a vital organ of plants that plays an essential role in photosynthesis and respiration.As an important agronomic trait in leaf development,leaf shape is classified into lobed,entire(no-lobed),and serrated in most crops.In this study,two-lobed leaf watermelon inbred lines WT2 and WCZ,and a no-lobed leaf watermelon inbred line WT20 were used to create two F_(2)populations.Segregation analysis suggested that lobed leaves were dominant over the no-lobed leaves,and it was controlled by a signal gene.A locus on watermelon chromosome 4 controlling watermelon lobed/no-lobed leaves was identified through BSA-seq strategy combined with linkage analysis.The candidate gene was fine-mapped to a 61.5 kb region between 21,224,481 and 21,285,957 bp on watermelon chromosome 4 using two F_(2)populations.Four functional genes were annotated in the candidate region,while sequences blast showed that there was a single-base deletion(A/-)only in the exon of Cla018360,which resulted in premature termination of translation in the no-lobed leaf lines.Function prediction showed that Cla018360 encodes an HD-Zip protein that has been reported to regulate the development of leaf shape.The single-base deletion also occurred in the HD-Zip domain.We inferred that the Cla018360 gene is the candidate gene for regulating the development of lobed/no-lobed leaves in watermelon.Gene expression analysis showed that Cla018360 was highly expressed in young leaves.Phylogenetic analysis showed that Cla018360 had a close genetic relationship with AtHB51,which had been reported to regulate the formation of leaf shape in Arabidopsis.Furthermore,transcriptome analysis showed that a total of 333 differentially expressed genes were identified between WT2 and WT20,of which 115 and 218 genes were upregulated and downregulated in no-lobed leaved watermelon WT20.This study not only provides a good entry point for studying leaf development but also provides foundational insights into breeding for special plant architecture in watermelon.展开更多
In order to investigate the effect of the radial gradation of the lobed nozzles on the flow field organization,a cold water model experimental platform for a combustion chamber with radial⁃staged 13-point lobed nozzle...In order to investigate the effect of the radial gradation of the lobed nozzles on the flow field organization,a cold water model experimental platform for a combustion chamber with radial⁃staged 13-point lobed nozzles is built.Compared with a series of combustion OH*luminescence experiments tested by the University of Cincinnati,the four corresponding working conditions of no load,partial load,cruise and take off are selected.The vortex structure,vorticity value,multi-combustion materiel field and combustion characteristics of the flow field in the radial staged combustion chamber of the lobed nozzles under the equivalence ratio,the fuel injection method,the fuel injection ratio and other factors are numerically studied.The results show that under different influencing factors,the varation trend of the hydroxyl flame field of the lobe combustion chamber is basically the same as that of the hydroxyl light emission experiment of the swirl combustion chamber,but the flame field shape is quite different.The local equivalent ratio has a greater influence on the relevant combustion performance of the combustion chamber.Under the conditions of lower equivalence ratio,three-stage air and fuel injection mode,and gradually transferring the fuel flow of the pilot circuit to the external circuit,the temperature field and flame field of the combustion chamber are more evenly distributed,the outlet temperature field quality is better,the combustion efficiency is higher,and the NO_(X) emission is relatively low.These are basically consistent with the cold test results.The cold experimental results illustrate the importance of the influence of the flow field organization on the combustion organization and verify the reliability of the calculation results.展开更多
Corrigendum We regret that the original version of this manuscript inadvertently omitted proper citation of the seminal work on twisted four-leaf tubes by Carlos Antonio Ribeiro Duarte and Francisco Joséde Souza(...Corrigendum We regret that the original version of this manuscript inadvertently omitted proper citation of the seminal work on twisted four-leaf tubes by Carlos Antonio Ribeiro Duarte and Francisco Joséde Souza(Duarte&de Souza,2017).This corrigendum serves to rectify this oversight.Although this omission does not affect the validity of our findings or conclusions,we sincerely apologize for failing to acknowledge this foundational contribution in the field.展开更多
The potherb mustard Xuecai(XC)cultivar is a cruciferous vegetable that is popular either fresh or pickled.Due to the deep notches in the edges of leaves in mustard XC,this plant can be said to have multipinnately lobe...The potherb mustard Xuecai(XC)cultivar is a cruciferous vegetable that is popular either fresh or pickled.Due to the deep notches in the edges of leaves in mustard XC,this plant can be said to have multipinnately lobed leaves.The net photosynthesis of lobed leaves is significantly greater than that of simple leaves.However,the molecular mechanism of leaf shape variation has not been determined.Here,we used HiFi and Hi-C data to assemble the XC genome.The genome was 961.72 Mb in size,with a contig N50 value of 6.565 Mb.The XC genome was compared with four previously sequenced mustard genomes,and the genomic collinearity regions,SNPs,and indels were identified.Five BjRCO genes were found on chromosome(Chr.)A10 in potherb mustard XC when the BjRCO gene locus was compared against other sequenced B.juncea genomes.Segmental duplication was found to contribute to the BjRCO gene copy number.The transcript expression of BjRCO genes was greater in multipinnately lobed leaves than in sawtooth-like leaves.Together,these findings indicate that both the greater copy number and the expression level of BjRCO genes regulate leaf shape from simple to complex in B.juncea.Gene editing of the BjRCO gene from XC changed the leaf shape from multipinnately lobed to simple.The high-quality XC genome sequence not only provides new insight into B.juncea leaf-type genomics but also helps in deciphering leaf shape variation.Our study provides insights into the variation and evolution of important traits in Brassica plants through a comparative analysis of the sequenced genomes.展开更多
For a circular lobed nozzle with the exit plane displaced from the center body,adding a central plug at exit or replacing the nozzle with an alternating-lobe nozzle can improve the mixing effectiveness.In this study,n...For a circular lobed nozzle with the exit plane displaced from the center body,adding a central plug at exit or replacing the nozzle with an alternating-lobe nozzle can improve the mixing effectiveness.In this study,numerical investigations of jet mixing in the lobed nozzles with a central plug and alternating-lobe nozzles in pumping operation were conducted.The effects of the central plugs with the wake ranging from attached to separated flow on the mixing were analyzed,along with the mechanism of improving the mixing performance in a"sword"alternating-lobe nozzle.The simulation results reveal that the large-scale mixing rate,which is dominated by streamwise vortices,is related to the intensity of the attainable heat and mass transfer in the streamwise vortices.The effects of the streamwise vortices on the normal vortex ring are virtually a manifestation of the heat and mass transfer/mixing process of the streamwise vortices.The simulation results also show that the central plug with the attached rear-flow performs better in improving the mixing effectiveness and pumping performance;on the contrary,if the rear-flow is separated,more pressure loss will be induced.In particular,a completely separated flow over the rear of the central plug will severely degrade the attainable heat and mass transfer in the streamwise vortices.For the sword alternating-lobe nozzle,wider sword deep troughs help to increase the flux of the secondary stream around the core region and delay the confluence of the primary stream in the region between the deep and shallow troughs.Thus,the mixing is improved in the middle and posterior segments.Compared to the lobed nozzle with a central plug,the improved sword alternating-lobe nozzle can achieve a higher mixing effectiveness with much less pressure loss,which is preferred in situations when the power loss of the engine is restricted.展开更多
A Sequential Approximate Optimization framework(SAO)for the multi-objective optimization of lobed mixer is established by using the BP neural network and Genetic Algorithm:the ratio of lobe wavelength to height(η)and...A Sequential Approximate Optimization framework(SAO)for the multi-objective optimization of lobed mixer is established by using the BP neural network and Genetic Algorithm:the ratio of lobe wavelength to height(η)and the rise angle(α)are selected as the design parameters,and the mixing efficiency,thrust and total pressure loss are the optimization objectives.The CFX commercial solver coupled with the SST turbulence model is employed to simulate the flow field of lobed mixer.A tetrahedral unstructured grid with 5.6 million cells can achieve the similar global results.Based on the response surface approximation model of the lobed mixer,it is necessary to avoid increasing or decreasingαandηat the same time.Instead,theαshould be reduced while theηis appropriately increased,which is conducive to achieving the goal of increasing thrust and reducing losses at the expense of a small decrease in the mixing efficiency.Compared with the normalized method,the non-normalized method with better global optimization accuracy is more suitable for solving the multi-objective optimization problem of the lobed mixer,and its optimal solution(α=8.54°,η=1.165)is the optimal solution of the lobed mixer optimization problem studied in this paper.Compared with the reference lobed mixer,theα,β(the fall angle)and H(lobe height)of the optimal solution are reduced by 0.14°,1.34°and 3.97 mm,respectively,and theηis increased by 0.074;its mixing efficiency is decreased by 4.46%,but the thrust is increased by 2.29%and the total pressure loss is decreased by 0.64%.Downstream of the optimized lobed mixer,the radial scale and peak vorticity of the streamwise voritices decrease with the decreasing lobe height,thereby reducing the mixing efficiency.For the optimized lobed mixer,its low mixing efficiency is the main factor for the decrease of the total pressure loss,but the improvement of the geometric curvature is also conducive to reducing its profile loss.Within the scope of this study,the lobed mixer has an optimal mixing efficiency(ε=74.14%)that maximizes its thrust without excessively increasing the mixing loss.展开更多
A tri-dimensional lobed nozzle is concerned in the jet impingement on a flat target and a concave target in the current study. The jet impingement heat transfer experiments are conducted under two jet Reynolds numbers...A tri-dimensional lobed nozzle is concerned in the jet impingement on a flat target and a concave target in the current study. The jet impingement heat transfer experiments are conducted under two jet Reynolds numbers(Re=10000 and 20000) and four nozzle-to-surface distances(H/d=2, 4, 6 and 8). Simultaneously, to characterize the flow dynamics of lobed jet impingement onto different target surfaces, some computations are conducted under a specific jet Reynolds number. The results show that the lobed jet is capable of achieving an increase of stagnation Nusselt number about 25% in relative to the round jet at small nozzle-tosurface distances. However, at large nozzle-to-surface distances, the lobed jet otherwise weakens the convective heat transfer in the vicinity of jet stagnation, especially under high jet Reynolds number. When compared to the flat target, approximately a20%–30% reduction of stagnation Nusselt number is produced on a concave target, which is attributed to the combined effect of destabilization and confinement due to the concave curvature.展开更多
Full Navier-Stokes Analyses have been conducted for the flows behind the trailing edge of a lobed forced mixer. The governing equations are derived from the timedependent compressible Navier-Stokes equa tions and disc...Full Navier-Stokes Analyses have been conducted for the flows behind the trailing edge of a lobed forced mixer. The governing equations are derived from the timedependent compressible Navier-Stokes equa tions and discretized in the finite-difference form. A simple two-layer eddy viscosity model has also been used to account for the turbulence. Computed results are compared with some of the velocity measurements using a laserDoppler anemometer (Yu and Yip (1997)). In general, good agreement can be obtained in the streamwise mean velocity distribution but the decay of the streamwise circulation is underpredicted. Some suggestions to the discrepancy are proposed.展开更多
The flow-field of a fuel/air mixing system with an axisymmetric lobed mixer was numerically investigated. Large-scale streamwise vortices are formed immediately downstream of the mixer trailing edge, stretched further...The flow-field of a fuel/air mixing system with an axisymmetric lobed mixer was numerically investigated. Large-scale streamwise vortices are formed immediately downstream of the mixer trailing edge, stretched further downstream, and finally broken into fragments where more intense mixing occurs. Both numerical and experimental results indicate that the length required for streamwise vortices breakdown in the confined flow-field of an axisymmetric lobed mixer is much shorter than that in the case of planar lobed mixers subject to parallel freestreams. For the conditions studied, the streamwise vortices start to breakdown at three wavelengths downstream of the mixer trailing edge.展开更多
Ejectors are used in high altitude testing of rocket engines to create vacuum for simulat-ing the engine test in vacuum conditions.The performance of an ejector plays a vital role in creating vacuum at the exit of the...Ejectors are used in high altitude testing of rocket engines to create vacuum for simulat-ing the engine test in vacuum conditions.The performance of an ejector plays a vital role in creating vacuum at the exit of the engine nozzle and the nozzle design exit pressure at the time of ignition.Consequently,the performance of ejectors has to be improved to reduce the consumption of active fluid.In this investigation,the performance of an ejector has been improved by changing the exit shear plane of the nozzle.Conventionally,conical nozzles are used for creating the required momentum.Lobes of 4 no’s,6 no’s and 8 numbers for an equivalent area ratio=5.88 are used to increase the shear area.The influence of shear plane variation in the suction pressure is studied by a detailed CFD analysis.展开更多
Approximately 30%-40% of epilepsy patients do not respond well to adequate anti-seizure medications(ASMs),a condition known as pharmacoresistant epilepsy.The management of pharmacoresistant epilepsy remains an intract...Approximately 30%-40% of epilepsy patients do not respond well to adequate anti-seizure medications(ASMs),a condition known as pharmacoresistant epilepsy.The management of pharmacoresistant epilepsy remains an intractable issue in the clinic.Its early prediction is important for prevention and diagnosis.However,it still lacks effective predictors and approaches.Here,a classical model of pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE)was established to screen pharmacoresistant and pharmaco-responsive individuals by applying phenytoin to amygdaloid-kindled rats.Ictal electroencephalograms(EEGs)recorded before phenytoin treatment were analyzed.Based on ictal EEGs from pharmacoresistant and pharmaco-responsive rats,a convolutional neural network predictive model was constructed to predict pharmacoresistance,and achieved 78% prediction accuracy.We further found the ictal EEGs from pharmacoresistant rats have a lower gamma-band power,which was verified in seizure EEGs from pharmacoresistant TLE patients.Prospectively,therapies targeting the subiculum in those predicted as“pharmacoresistant”individual rats significantly reduced the subsequent occurrence of pharmacoresistance.These results demonstrate a new methodology to predict whether TLE individuals become resistant to ASMs in a classic pharmacoresistant TLE model.This may be of translational importance for the precise management of pharmacoresistant TLE.展开更多
Fan deltas are usually constructed through episodic flood event with debris flow transforming to hyper-concentrated flow during sediments proceeding. However, the role of topography in controlling the flow transformat...Fan deltas are usually constructed through episodic flood event with debris flow transforming to hyper-concentrated flow during sediments proceeding. However, the role of topography in controlling the flow transformation and sediments aggradation has been less studied. This constrain studies of sediment distribution and understanding of graded profile. For lake basin sequences, geomorphological control is much stronger than lake level rise and fall. Under extreme conditions, sediments can still prograde when the lake level rises. Therefore, describing the influence of geomorphology on the flow transformation and stacking pattern of the lobes can provide a deeper understanding of the controlling factors of the lake basin stratigraphy sequence. Xiligou lake (XLG) fan delta from Xisai Basin provides an optimal case for addressing this issue. Three lobes developed on the XLG fan delta with significant differences in their morphologies, architectures, lithofacies, sediment distributions and topographies. Through trenching, drone photography, and satellite data, we analyzed the structure of the sediments and the distribution of sedimentary facies. Based on the analysis of debris flow and hyper-concentrated flow deposits, two transformation models corresponding to different topographies were established. Sediment unloading is caused by a frictional reduction or a sudden momentum loss in the sediments flow's carrying capacity, allowing the debris flow transforms to hyper-concentrated flow and then to stream flow during the movement. The role of topography in controlling sediment flow transformation and sediment distribution is clarified through forces analysis of sediment grain. The topographic gradient of the linear slope is constant, so the direction of fluid movement is consistent with the topographic direction. Therefore, sediment flows move on linear slope without collision with the bed and there is no sudden loss of momentum. The gradual or sudden reduction in topographic gradient of concave slopes forces a constant or sudden change in the direction of fluid movement, which facilitates the unloading of sediments and the transformation of flow. The sudden change of topography forces unloading of viscous component, and the non-viscous component pass over to form hyper-concentrated flow, often accompanied by remobilized large gravels. The graded profile was an equilibrium between the dynamics and resistance of sediment transport. Changes in lake level affect the graded profile by changing the elevation of sediment transport, which is the total gravitational potential energy. The instantaneous graded profile and temporary graded profile are different scales of equilibrium corresponding to hydrodynamic equilibrium and depositional trend respectively. This study reveals the role of geomorphological dynamics in controlling sedimentary body progradation, thus providing a new perspective on the analysis of lake basin stratigraphy sequence.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatic hemangiomas can be challenging to diagnose,particularly when they present with atypical features that mimic other conditions,such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs).This case highlights the d...BACKGROUND Hepatic hemangiomas can be challenging to diagnose,particularly when they present with atypical features that mimic other conditions,such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs).This case highlights the diagnostic difficulties encountered when imaging subepithelial lesions,especially when conventional methods such as computed tomography(CT)and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)are used.CASE SUMMARY A 44-year-old woman presented with intermittent abdominal distension and heartburn for three months.Her medical history included iron deficiency anemia,menorrhagia,and previous cholecystectomy.One week prior to admission,an endoscopy suggested a bulging gastric fundus,which was likely a GIST,along with chronic nonatrophic gastritis and bile reflux.CT and EUS revealed nodules in the gastric fundus,which were initially considered benign tumors with a differential diagnosis of stromal tumor or leiomyoma.During surgery,unexpected lesions were found in the liver pressing against the gastric fundus,leading to laparoscopic liver resection.Postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of hepatic cavernous hemangiomas.The patient recovered well and was discharged five days later,with normal follow-up results at three months.CONCLUSION This case underscores the challenges in the preoperative diagnosis of GISTs,particularly the limitations of the use of CT and EUS for the evaluation of subepithelial lesions.While CT is the primary tool for visualizing abdominal tumors,it is difficult to detect smaller lesions and assess the layers of the gastrointestinal wall on CT.EUS is recommended for the evaluation of nodules smaller than 2 cm and is useful for distinguishing GISTs from other lesions;however,its accuracy with regard to the differential diagnosis is relatively low.In this case,the gastric distension observed on imaging led to the compression of a liver tumor against the stomach,resulting in the misinterpretation of the tumor as a gastric wall lesion.展开更多
Background: Neurodevelopmental abnormalities in experimental fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) are associated with impaired signaling through complex pathways that mediate neuronal survival, growth, migration, en...Background: Neurodevelopmental abnormalities in experimental fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) are associated with impaired signaling through complex pathways that mediate neuronal survival, growth, migration, energy metabolism, and plasticity. Gestational dietary soy prevents alcohol-related impairments in placentation and FASD-associated fetal anomalies. Objective: This study was designed to determine if gestational dietary soy would be sufficient to normalize cognitive function in young adolescent offspring after chronic in utero exposure to alcohol. In addition, efforts were made to characterize the mechanisms of FASD prevention by maternal dietary soy. Methods: Pregnant Long Evans rats were fed isocaloric liquid diets containing 0% or 26% caloric ethanol with casein or soy isolate as the protein source from gestation day 6 through delivery/postnatal day 0 (P0). From P24 - P28, the offspring were subjected to Morris water maze (MWM) testing, and on P35, they were sacrificed to harvest temporal lobes for histopathologic and molecular studies. Results: The in-utero ethanol-exposed offspring exhibited significant performance impairments on the MWM test, and they had a significantly reduced mean brain weight with neuronal loss in the CA1 hippocampal region and evidence of white matter myelin loss. Gestational dietary soy nearly normalized MWM performance and preserved brain weight, hippocampal CA1 architecture, and white matter myelin staining in alcohol-exposed offspring. Mechanistically, the main positive effects of soy included increased temporal lobe expression of HES-1 and HIF-1α, reflecting enhanced Notch signaling, and broadly increased expression of GnRH network molecules, including Erb1, Gper1, GnRH, GnRH-R, KiSS, and KiSS-R, irrespective of gestational ethanol exposure. Conclusions: Dietary soy intervention early in pregnancy may reduce FASD-associated cognitive deficits. The findings suggest that targeting Notch and GnRH-related networks may help reduce long-term disability with FASD. Additional mechanistic and experimental research is needed to determine if longer-duration, postnatal dietary soy could prevent the adverse neurobehavioral effects of FASD.展开更多
Thinning of antenna arrays has been a popular topic for the last several decades.With increasing computational power,this optimization task acquired a new hue.This paper suggests a genetic algorithm as an instrument f...Thinning of antenna arrays has been a popular topic for the last several decades.With increasing computational power,this optimization task acquired a new hue.This paper suggests a genetic algorithm as an instrument for antenna array thinning.The algorithm with a deliberately chosen fitness function allows synthesizing thinned linear antenna arrays with low peak sidelobe level(SLL)while maintaining the half-power beamwidth(HPBW)of a full linear antenna array.Based on results from existing papers in the field and known approaches to antenna array thinning,a classification of thinning types is introduced.The optimal thinning type for a linear thinned antenna array is determined on the basis of a maximum attainable SLL.The effect of thinning coefficient on main directional pattern characteristics,such as peak SLL and HPBW,is discussed for a number of amplitude distributions.展开更多
To the Editor:Theoretically,autologous liver transplantation is posited as a treatment for patients experiencing traumatic liver rupture.How-ever,the procedural complexity and its infrequent application by the medical...To the Editor:Theoretically,autologous liver transplantation is posited as a treatment for patients experiencing traumatic liver rupture.How-ever,the procedural complexity and its infrequent application by the medical community have resulted in a lack of documented suc-cesses.This report presented the efficacious intervention in a pa-tient presenting with polytraumatic injuries involving the thoracic and abdominal regions,namely right-sided hemothorax,contusion and hematoma of the right lung,splenic rupture,lateral damage to the common bile duct,disruption of the left portal vein branch and left hepatic duct,incisions in the hepatic segments IV,V,VI,VII,and VIII,laceration of the right adrenal gland,rupture of the right hepatic venous trunk and retro-hepatic inferior vena cava(RHIVC),and pancreatic hematoma.展开更多
Episodic memory,our ability to recall past experiences,is supported by structures in the medial temporal lobe(MTL)particularly the hippocampus,and its interactions with fronto-parietal brain regions.Understanding how ...Episodic memory,our ability to recall past experiences,is supported by structures in the medial temporal lobe(MTL)particularly the hippocampus,and its interactions with fronto-parietal brain regions.Understanding how these brain regions coordinate to encode,consolidate,and retrieve episodic memories remains a fundamental question in cognitive neuroscience.Non-invasive brain stimulation(NIBS)methods,especially transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS),have advanced episodic memory research beyond traditional lesion studies and neuroimaging by enabling causal investigations through targeted magnetic stimulation to specific brain regions.This review begins by delineating the evolving understanding of episodic memory from both psychological and neurobiological perspectives and discusses the brain networks supporting episodic memory processes.Then,we review studies that employed TMS to modulate episodic memory,with the aim of identifying potential cortical regions that could be used as stimulation sites to modulate episodic memory networks.We conclude with the implications and prospects of using NIBS to understand episodic memory mechanisms.展开更多
基金Supported by the Civil Aviation Research Foundation of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics~~
文摘The flow field and aerodynamic performances for the scarfed lobed forced mixer are studied based on a computational fluid dynamics（CFD） technique. A series of computations are conducted to obtain the effects of the bypass ratio and the scarf angle on the mixing performance for the scarfed lobed mixer. Results show that the scarfed lobed mixer is reduced in the system weight. Meanwhile, aerodynamic performances are slightly improved compared with the normal lobed mixer. Two reasons for causing the mixing enhancement between the core and the bypass flow are as follows： （1） The stream-wise vortices shed from the training edge of the half/full scarfed lobed mixer earlier is enhanced by about 25%. （2） The mixing augmentation is also associated with the increase of the interface length caused by scarfing. The thermal mixing efficiency is enhanced with the increase of the bypass ratio and the scarfing angle. The scarfed lobed mixer design has no negative effects on the pressure loss. The total pressure recovery coefficient reaches above 0. 935 in various bypass ratios and scarfed angles. As the bypass ratio increases, the total pressure recovery coefficient also increases for the scarfed lobed mixer.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31100987)Project of Shandong University of Technology(4040-306018)Young Teacher Development Plan of Shandong University of Technology~~
文摘[Objective] We aimed to investigate the preventive and therapeutical effect of compound of traditional Chinese drugs （Japanese raisintree fruit, lobed kudzuvine flower bud and lightyel ow sophora root） on acute alcohol intoxication in mice. [Method] Acute alcohol intoxication was induced by administering alcohol to mice. Three different doses （low, middle and high） of compound of traditional Chinese drugs were administered to mice before and after administering alcohol respectively to investigate the preventive and therapeutical effect of drugs on acute alcohol intox-ication through doing statistical analysis about drunk mice and their sleeping time. The concentration of malondialdehyde （MDA）, reduced glutathione （GSH） and triglyc-erides （TG） in liver was also determined to investigate the protective effect of drugs on liver. [Result] The efficacy of compound of traditional Chinese drugs on acute al-cohol intoxication was dose-dependent. High-dose administration decreased the number of drunk mice significantly compared with control group; middle- and high-dose administration reduced the sleeping time of drunk mice and the concentration of MDA and TG in liver tissue; three doses al increased the concentration of GSH. [Conclusion] The compound of Japanese raisintree fruit, lobed kudzuvine flower bud and lightyel ow sophora root had preventive and therapeutical effect on hangover, and it also had certain preventive and therapeutical effect on liver damage caused by alcohol.
文摘Three-dimensional numerical computation of the flow fields and pumping performances for the lobed mixer-ejector are conducted using full Navier-Stokes equations. In the computation, the inlet of the primary flow uses the mass flowrate boundary condition. The inlet of the second flow and the outlet of the mixing flow use the pressure boundary condition. Compared with the relative experimental resuits, it is shown that the present calculation is reasonable. And a series of numerical studies is performed to obtain the effects of area ratio and length-to-diameter ratio of mixing duct on pumping coefficient and thermal mixing efficiency of a lobed mixer-ejector.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32102389,32172602)the Zhongyuan Youth Talent Support Program(ZYQR201912161)+3 种基金the Program for Science&Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(21HASTIT038)the Funding of Joint Research on Agricultural Varietie Improvement of Henan Province(2022010503)the Major Science and Technology Project of Henan Province(221100110400)the Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Henan Agricultural University(KJCX2021A14).
文摘Leaf is a vital organ of plants that plays an essential role in photosynthesis and respiration.As an important agronomic trait in leaf development,leaf shape is classified into lobed,entire(no-lobed),and serrated in most crops.In this study,two-lobed leaf watermelon inbred lines WT2 and WCZ,and a no-lobed leaf watermelon inbred line WT20 were used to create two F_(2)populations.Segregation analysis suggested that lobed leaves were dominant over the no-lobed leaves,and it was controlled by a signal gene.A locus on watermelon chromosome 4 controlling watermelon lobed/no-lobed leaves was identified through BSA-seq strategy combined with linkage analysis.The candidate gene was fine-mapped to a 61.5 kb region between 21,224,481 and 21,285,957 bp on watermelon chromosome 4 using two F_(2)populations.Four functional genes were annotated in the candidate region,while sequences blast showed that there was a single-base deletion(A/-)only in the exon of Cla018360,which resulted in premature termination of translation in the no-lobed leaf lines.Function prediction showed that Cla018360 encodes an HD-Zip protein that has been reported to regulate the development of leaf shape.The single-base deletion also occurred in the HD-Zip domain.We inferred that the Cla018360 gene is the candidate gene for regulating the development of lobed/no-lobed leaves in watermelon.Gene expression analysis showed that Cla018360 was highly expressed in young leaves.Phylogenetic analysis showed that Cla018360 had a close genetic relationship with AtHB51,which had been reported to regulate the formation of leaf shape in Arabidopsis.Furthermore,transcriptome analysis showed that a total of 333 differentially expressed genes were identified between WT2 and WT20,of which 115 and 218 genes were upregulated and downregulated in no-lobed leaved watermelon WT20.This study not only provides a good entry point for studying leaf development but also provides foundational insights into breeding for special plant architecture in watermelon.
基金supported by the Lia⁃oning Provincial Natural Science Joint Fund Project(No.120316013).
文摘In order to investigate the effect of the radial gradation of the lobed nozzles on the flow field organization,a cold water model experimental platform for a combustion chamber with radial⁃staged 13-point lobed nozzles is built.Compared with a series of combustion OH*luminescence experiments tested by the University of Cincinnati,the four corresponding working conditions of no load,partial load,cruise and take off are selected.The vortex structure,vorticity value,multi-combustion materiel field and combustion characteristics of the flow field in the radial staged combustion chamber of the lobed nozzles under the equivalence ratio,the fuel injection method,the fuel injection ratio and other factors are numerically studied.The results show that under different influencing factors,the varation trend of the hydroxyl flame field of the lobe combustion chamber is basically the same as that of the hydroxyl light emission experiment of the swirl combustion chamber,but the flame field shape is quite different.The local equivalent ratio has a greater influence on the relevant combustion performance of the combustion chamber.Under the conditions of lower equivalence ratio,three-stage air and fuel injection mode,and gradually transferring the fuel flow of the pilot circuit to the external circuit,the temperature field and flame field of the combustion chamber are more evenly distributed,the outlet temperature field quality is better,the combustion efficiency is higher,and the NO_(X) emission is relatively low.These are basically consistent with the cold test results.The cold experimental results illustrate the importance of the influence of the flow field organization on the combustion organization and verify the reliability of the calculation results.
文摘Corrigendum We regret that the original version of this manuscript inadvertently omitted proper citation of the seminal work on twisted four-leaf tubes by Carlos Antonio Ribeiro Duarte and Francisco Joséde Souza(Duarte&de Souza,2017).This corrigendum serves to rectify this oversight.Although this omission does not affect the validity of our findings or conclusions,we sincerely apologize for failing to acknowledge this foundational contribution in the field.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32002056)the Science and Technology Research Key Project of Henan Province,China(242102111138)。
文摘The potherb mustard Xuecai(XC)cultivar is a cruciferous vegetable that is popular either fresh or pickled.Due to the deep notches in the edges of leaves in mustard XC,this plant can be said to have multipinnately lobed leaves.The net photosynthesis of lobed leaves is significantly greater than that of simple leaves.However,the molecular mechanism of leaf shape variation has not been determined.Here,we used HiFi and Hi-C data to assemble the XC genome.The genome was 961.72 Mb in size,with a contig N50 value of 6.565 Mb.The XC genome was compared with four previously sequenced mustard genomes,and the genomic collinearity regions,SNPs,and indels were identified.Five BjRCO genes were found on chromosome(Chr.)A10 in potherb mustard XC when the BjRCO gene locus was compared against other sequenced B.juncea genomes.Segmental duplication was found to contribute to the BjRCO gene copy number.The transcript expression of BjRCO genes was greater in multipinnately lobed leaves than in sawtooth-like leaves.Together,these findings indicate that both the greater copy number and the expression level of BjRCO genes regulate leaf shape from simple to complex in B.juncea.Gene editing of the BjRCO gene from XC changed the leaf shape from multipinnately lobed to simple.The high-quality XC genome sequence not only provides new insight into B.juncea leaf-type genomics but also helps in deciphering leaf shape variation.Our study provides insights into the variation and evolution of important traits in Brassica plants through a comparative analysis of the sequenced genomes.
基金supported by the Assembly Research Foundation of China
文摘For a circular lobed nozzle with the exit plane displaced from the center body,adding a central plug at exit or replacing the nozzle with an alternating-lobe nozzle can improve the mixing effectiveness.In this study,numerical investigations of jet mixing in the lobed nozzles with a central plug and alternating-lobe nozzles in pumping operation were conducted.The effects of the central plugs with the wake ranging from attached to separated flow on the mixing were analyzed,along with the mechanism of improving the mixing performance in a"sword"alternating-lobe nozzle.The simulation results reveal that the large-scale mixing rate,which is dominated by streamwise vortices,is related to the intensity of the attainable heat and mass transfer in the streamwise vortices.The effects of the streamwise vortices on the normal vortex ring are virtually a manifestation of the heat and mass transfer/mixing process of the streamwise vortices.The simulation results also show that the central plug with the attached rear-flow performs better in improving the mixing effectiveness and pumping performance;on the contrary,if the rear-flow is separated,more pressure loss will be induced.In particular,a completely separated flow over the rear of the central plug will severely degrade the attainable heat and mass transfer in the streamwise vortices.For the sword alternating-lobe nozzle,wider sword deep troughs help to increase the flux of the secondary stream around the core region and delay the confluence of the primary stream in the region between the deep and shallow troughs.Thus,the mixing is improved in the middle and posterior segments.Compared to the lobed nozzle with a central plug,the improved sword alternating-lobe nozzle can achieve a higher mixing effectiveness with much less pressure loss,which is preferred in situations when the power loss of the engine is restricted.
基金funded by the National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.J2019-II-0007-0027)。
文摘A Sequential Approximate Optimization framework(SAO)for the multi-objective optimization of lobed mixer is established by using the BP neural network and Genetic Algorithm:the ratio of lobe wavelength to height(η)and the rise angle(α)are selected as the design parameters,and the mixing efficiency,thrust and total pressure loss are the optimization objectives.The CFX commercial solver coupled with the SST turbulence model is employed to simulate the flow field of lobed mixer.A tetrahedral unstructured grid with 5.6 million cells can achieve the similar global results.Based on the response surface approximation model of the lobed mixer,it is necessary to avoid increasing or decreasingαandηat the same time.Instead,theαshould be reduced while theηis appropriately increased,which is conducive to achieving the goal of increasing thrust and reducing losses at the expense of a small decrease in the mixing efficiency.Compared with the normalized method,the non-normalized method with better global optimization accuracy is more suitable for solving the multi-objective optimization problem of the lobed mixer,and its optimal solution(α=8.54°,η=1.165)is the optimal solution of the lobed mixer optimization problem studied in this paper.Compared with the reference lobed mixer,theα,β(the fall angle)and H(lobe height)of the optimal solution are reduced by 0.14°,1.34°and 3.97 mm,respectively,and theηis increased by 0.074;its mixing efficiency is decreased by 4.46%,but the thrust is increased by 2.29%and the total pressure loss is decreased by 0.64%.Downstream of the optimized lobed mixer,the radial scale and peak vorticity of the streamwise voritices decrease with the decreasing lobe height,thereby reducing the mixing efficiency.For the optimized lobed mixer,its low mixing efficiency is the main factor for the decrease of the total pressure loss,but the improvement of the geometric curvature is also conducive to reducing its profile loss.Within the scope of this study,the lobed mixer has an optimal mixing efficiency(ε=74.14%)that maximizes its thrust without excessively increasing the mixing loss.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51776097)the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Project of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYCX17 0280)
文摘A tri-dimensional lobed nozzle is concerned in the jet impingement on a flat target and a concave target in the current study. The jet impingement heat transfer experiments are conducted under two jet Reynolds numbers(Re=10000 and 20000) and four nozzle-to-surface distances(H/d=2, 4, 6 and 8). Simultaneously, to characterize the flow dynamics of lobed jet impingement onto different target surfaces, some computations are conducted under a specific jet Reynolds number. The results show that the lobed jet is capable of achieving an increase of stagnation Nusselt number about 25% in relative to the round jet at small nozzle-tosurface distances. However, at large nozzle-to-surface distances, the lobed jet otherwise weakens the convective heat transfer in the vicinity of jet stagnation, especially under high jet Reynolds number. When compared to the flat target, approximately a20%–30% reduction of stagnation Nusselt number is produced on a concave target, which is attributed to the combined effect of destabilization and confinement due to the concave curvature.
文摘Full Navier-Stokes Analyses have been conducted for the flows behind the trailing edge of a lobed forced mixer. The governing equations are derived from the timedependent compressible Navier-Stokes equa tions and discretized in the finite-difference form. A simple two-layer eddy viscosity model has also been used to account for the turbulence. Computed results are compared with some of the velocity measurements using a laserDoppler anemometer (Yu and Yip (1997)). In general, good agreement can be obtained in the streamwise mean velocity distribution but the decay of the streamwise circulation is underpredicted. Some suggestions to the discrepancy are proposed.
文摘The flow-field of a fuel/air mixing system with an axisymmetric lobed mixer was numerically investigated. Large-scale streamwise vortices are formed immediately downstream of the mixer trailing edge, stretched further downstream, and finally broken into fragments where more intense mixing occurs. Both numerical and experimental results indicate that the length required for streamwise vortices breakdown in the confined flow-field of an axisymmetric lobed mixer is much shorter than that in the case of planar lobed mixers subject to parallel freestreams. For the conditions studied, the streamwise vortices start to breakdown at three wavelengths downstream of the mixer trailing edge.
文摘Ejectors are used in high altitude testing of rocket engines to create vacuum for simulat-ing the engine test in vacuum conditions.The performance of an ejector plays a vital role in creating vacuum at the exit of the engine nozzle and the nozzle design exit pressure at the time of ignition.Consequently,the performance of ejectors has to be improved to reduce the consumption of active fluid.In this investigation,the performance of an ejector has been improved by changing the exit shear plane of the nozzle.Conventionally,conical nozzles are used for creating the required momentum.Lobes of 4 no’s,6 no’s and 8 numbers for an equivalent area ratio=5.88 are used to increase the shear area.The influence of shear plane variation in the suction pressure is studied by a detailed CFD analysis.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0803900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82173796 and U21A20418)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LD22H310003)the Key R&D Plan of Zhejiang Province(2021C03116).
文摘Approximately 30%-40% of epilepsy patients do not respond well to adequate anti-seizure medications(ASMs),a condition known as pharmacoresistant epilepsy.The management of pharmacoresistant epilepsy remains an intractable issue in the clinic.Its early prediction is important for prevention and diagnosis.However,it still lacks effective predictors and approaches.Here,a classical model of pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE)was established to screen pharmacoresistant and pharmaco-responsive individuals by applying phenytoin to amygdaloid-kindled rats.Ictal electroencephalograms(EEGs)recorded before phenytoin treatment were analyzed.Based on ictal EEGs from pharmacoresistant and pharmaco-responsive rats,a convolutional neural network predictive model was constructed to predict pharmacoresistance,and achieved 78% prediction accuracy.We further found the ictal EEGs from pharmacoresistant rats have a lower gamma-band power,which was verified in seizure EEGs from pharmacoresistant TLE patients.Prospectively,therapies targeting the subiculum in those predicted as“pharmacoresistant”individual rats significantly reduced the subsequent occurrence of pharmacoresistance.These results demonstrate a new methodology to predict whether TLE individuals become resistant to ASMs in a classic pharmacoresistant TLE model.This may be of translational importance for the precise management of pharmacoresistant TLE.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(42272124)the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFF0804302)Quantitative anatomy of shallow fan deltas in western China project directed by Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development(2020D-5008-03).
文摘Fan deltas are usually constructed through episodic flood event with debris flow transforming to hyper-concentrated flow during sediments proceeding. However, the role of topography in controlling the flow transformation and sediments aggradation has been less studied. This constrain studies of sediment distribution and understanding of graded profile. For lake basin sequences, geomorphological control is much stronger than lake level rise and fall. Under extreme conditions, sediments can still prograde when the lake level rises. Therefore, describing the influence of geomorphology on the flow transformation and stacking pattern of the lobes can provide a deeper understanding of the controlling factors of the lake basin stratigraphy sequence. Xiligou lake (XLG) fan delta from Xisai Basin provides an optimal case for addressing this issue. Three lobes developed on the XLG fan delta with significant differences in their morphologies, architectures, lithofacies, sediment distributions and topographies. Through trenching, drone photography, and satellite data, we analyzed the structure of the sediments and the distribution of sedimentary facies. Based on the analysis of debris flow and hyper-concentrated flow deposits, two transformation models corresponding to different topographies were established. Sediment unloading is caused by a frictional reduction or a sudden momentum loss in the sediments flow's carrying capacity, allowing the debris flow transforms to hyper-concentrated flow and then to stream flow during the movement. The role of topography in controlling sediment flow transformation and sediment distribution is clarified through forces analysis of sediment grain. The topographic gradient of the linear slope is constant, so the direction of fluid movement is consistent with the topographic direction. Therefore, sediment flows move on linear slope without collision with the bed and there is no sudden loss of momentum. The gradual or sudden reduction in topographic gradient of concave slopes forces a constant or sudden change in the direction of fluid movement, which facilitates the unloading of sediments and the transformation of flow. The sudden change of topography forces unloading of viscous component, and the non-viscous component pass over to form hyper-concentrated flow, often accompanied by remobilized large gravels. The graded profile was an equilibrium between the dynamics and resistance of sediment transport. Changes in lake level affect the graded profile by changing the elevation of sediment transport, which is the total gravitational potential energy. The instantaneous graded profile and temporary graded profile are different scales of equilibrium corresponding to hydrodynamic equilibrium and depositional trend respectively. This study reveals the role of geomorphological dynamics in controlling sedimentary body progradation, thus providing a new perspective on the analysis of lake basin stratigraphy sequence.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,No.24JRRA347.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatic hemangiomas can be challenging to diagnose,particularly when they present with atypical features that mimic other conditions,such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs).This case highlights the diagnostic difficulties encountered when imaging subepithelial lesions,especially when conventional methods such as computed tomography(CT)and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)are used.CASE SUMMARY A 44-year-old woman presented with intermittent abdominal distension and heartburn for three months.Her medical history included iron deficiency anemia,menorrhagia,and previous cholecystectomy.One week prior to admission,an endoscopy suggested a bulging gastric fundus,which was likely a GIST,along with chronic nonatrophic gastritis and bile reflux.CT and EUS revealed nodules in the gastric fundus,which were initially considered benign tumors with a differential diagnosis of stromal tumor or leiomyoma.During surgery,unexpected lesions were found in the liver pressing against the gastric fundus,leading to laparoscopic liver resection.Postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of hepatic cavernous hemangiomas.The patient recovered well and was discharged five days later,with normal follow-up results at three months.CONCLUSION This case underscores the challenges in the preoperative diagnosis of GISTs,particularly the limitations of the use of CT and EUS for the evaluation of subepithelial lesions.While CT is the primary tool for visualizing abdominal tumors,it is difficult to detect smaller lesions and assess the layers of the gastrointestinal wall on CT.EUS is recommended for the evaluation of nodules smaller than 2 cm and is useful for distinguishing GISTs from other lesions;however,its accuracy with regard to the differential diagnosis is relatively low.In this case,the gastric distension observed on imaging led to the compression of a liver tumor against the stomach,resulting in the misinterpretation of the tumor as a gastric wall lesion.
文摘Background: Neurodevelopmental abnormalities in experimental fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) are associated with impaired signaling through complex pathways that mediate neuronal survival, growth, migration, energy metabolism, and plasticity. Gestational dietary soy prevents alcohol-related impairments in placentation and FASD-associated fetal anomalies. Objective: This study was designed to determine if gestational dietary soy would be sufficient to normalize cognitive function in young adolescent offspring after chronic in utero exposure to alcohol. In addition, efforts were made to characterize the mechanisms of FASD prevention by maternal dietary soy. Methods: Pregnant Long Evans rats were fed isocaloric liquid diets containing 0% or 26% caloric ethanol with casein or soy isolate as the protein source from gestation day 6 through delivery/postnatal day 0 (P0). From P24 - P28, the offspring were subjected to Morris water maze (MWM) testing, and on P35, they were sacrificed to harvest temporal lobes for histopathologic and molecular studies. Results: The in-utero ethanol-exposed offspring exhibited significant performance impairments on the MWM test, and they had a significantly reduced mean brain weight with neuronal loss in the CA1 hippocampal region and evidence of white matter myelin loss. Gestational dietary soy nearly normalized MWM performance and preserved brain weight, hippocampal CA1 architecture, and white matter myelin staining in alcohol-exposed offspring. Mechanistically, the main positive effects of soy included increased temporal lobe expression of HES-1 and HIF-1α, reflecting enhanced Notch signaling, and broadly increased expression of GnRH network molecules, including Erb1, Gper1, GnRH, GnRH-R, KiSS, and KiSS-R, irrespective of gestational ethanol exposure. Conclusions: Dietary soy intervention early in pregnancy may reduce FASD-associated cognitive deficits. The findings suggest that targeting Notch and GnRH-related networks may help reduce long-term disability with FASD. Additional mechanistic and experimental research is needed to determine if longer-duration, postnatal dietary soy could prevent the adverse neurobehavioral effects of FASD.
文摘Thinning of antenna arrays has been a popular topic for the last several decades.With increasing computational power,this optimization task acquired a new hue.This paper suggests a genetic algorithm as an instrument for antenna array thinning.The algorithm with a deliberately chosen fitness function allows synthesizing thinned linear antenna arrays with low peak sidelobe level(SLL)while maintaining the half-power beamwidth(HPBW)of a full linear antenna array.Based on results from existing papers in the field and known approaches to antenna array thinning,a classification of thinning types is introduced.The optimal thinning type for a linear thinned antenna array is determined on the basis of a maximum attainable SLL.The effect of thinning coefficient on main directional pattern characteristics,such as peak SLL and HPBW,is discussed for a number of amplitude distributions.
基金supported by a grant from the Climbing Project for Medical Talent of Zhongnan Hospital,Wuhan University(PDJH202215).
文摘To the Editor:Theoretically,autologous liver transplantation is posited as a treatment for patients experiencing traumatic liver rupture.How-ever,the procedural complexity and its infrequent application by the medical community have resulted in a lack of documented suc-cesses.This report presented the efficacious intervention in a pa-tient presenting with polytraumatic injuries involving the thoracic and abdominal regions,namely right-sided hemothorax,contusion and hematoma of the right lung,splenic rupture,lateral damage to the common bile duct,disruption of the left portal vein branch and left hepatic duct,incisions in the hepatic segments IV,V,VI,VII,and VIII,laceration of the right adrenal gland,rupture of the right hepatic venous trunk and retro-hepatic inferior vena cava(RHIVC),and pancreatic hematoma.
文摘Episodic memory,our ability to recall past experiences,is supported by structures in the medial temporal lobe(MTL)particularly the hippocampus,and its interactions with fronto-parietal brain regions.Understanding how these brain regions coordinate to encode,consolidate,and retrieve episodic memories remains a fundamental question in cognitive neuroscience.Non-invasive brain stimulation(NIBS)methods,especially transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS),have advanced episodic memory research beyond traditional lesion studies and neuroimaging by enabling causal investigations through targeted magnetic stimulation to specific brain regions.This review begins by delineating the evolving understanding of episodic memory from both psychological and neurobiological perspectives and discusses the brain networks supporting episodic memory processes.Then,we review studies that employed TMS to modulate episodic memory,with the aim of identifying potential cortical regions that could be used as stimulation sites to modulate episodic memory networks.We conclude with the implications and prospects of using NIBS to understand episodic memory mechanisms.
