Learning to read is a vital,complex task which can be made easier if we expand the conventional conceptualizations of reading.Many have wisely advised educators about expanding beyond understanding reading primarily a...Learning to read is a vital,complex task which can be made easier if we expand the conventional conceptualizations of reading.Many have wisely advised educators about expanding beyond understanding reading primarily as an act of decoding visual,printed symbols into words,phrases。展开更多
Chinese women artists have created many works in recent years,to show the magnificent views of the motherland,the lives of Chinese people,and the lively animals and plants.The works contain vibrant colors,to express t...Chinese women artists have created many works in recent years,to show the magnificent views of the motherland,the lives of Chinese people,and the lively animals and plants.The works contain vibrant colors,to express the artists'love for nature and life,as well as their dedication to creation.In this edition,Women of China English Monthly highlights some of the works,to share the beautiful creations with our readers.展开更多
Over the past few years,video live streaming has gained immense popularity as a leading internet application.In current solutions offered by cloud service providers,the Group of Pictures(GOP)length of the video source...Over the past few years,video live streaming has gained immense popularity as a leading internet application.In current solutions offered by cloud service providers,the Group of Pictures(GOP)length of the video source often significantly impacts end-to-end(E2E)latency.However,designing an optimized GOP structure to reduce this effect remains a significant challenge.This paper presents two key contributions.First,it explores how the GOP length at the video source influences E2E latency in mainstream cloud streaming services.Experimental results reveal that the mean E2E latency increases linearly with longer GOP lengths.Second,this paper proposes EGOP(an Enhanced GOP structure)that can be implemented in streaming media servers.Experiments demonstrate that EGOP maintains a consistent E2E latency,unaffected by the GOP length of the video source.Specifically,even with a GOP length of 10 s,the E2E latency remains at 1.35 s,achieving a reduction of 6.98 s compared to Volcano-Engine(the live streaming service provider for TikTok).This makes EGOP a promising solution for low-latency live streaming.展开更多
BACKGROUND Robotic assistance is increasingly used for donor and recipient hepatectomy in liver transplantation,yet existing evidence is fragmented and variably indirect.AIM To evaluate clinical outcomes,surgical perf...BACKGROUND Robotic assistance is increasingly used for donor and recipient hepatectomy in liver transplantation,yet existing evidence is fragmented and variably indirect.AIM To evaluate clinical outcomes,surgical performance,and economic effects of robotic-assisted donor and recipient hepatectomy in the transplant pathway.METHODS Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 and a priori registration,systematic reviews were included with or without meta-analysis.Four databases were searched through July 2025.Methodological quality was appraised with a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews(AMSTAR 2),and certainty was graded with grading of recommendations assessment,development and evaluation(GRADE).Evidence overlap was calculated via a citation-matrix-based corrected covered area(CCA).Effect sizes were prespecified as risk ratios(RR)for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences for continuous outcomes.RESULTS Five reviews met the inclusion criteria,four with meta-analyses and one consensus review used only for context.Donor(direct)findings were more favorable for robotics in terms of estimated blood loss(≈-117 mL)and length of stay(≈-0.6 days),although with longer operative time(≈+105 minutes).Absolute risks for donor complications were not estimable from ratio-only data.Recipient(indirect)meta-analysis indicated robotics to be favorable in terms of conversion(RR≈0.41)and severe morbidity(RR≈0.81),with a trend toward lower overall morbidity(RR≈0.92)and no difference in 30-day mortality.Differences in length of stay and operative time were small and heterogeneous.Economic evidence(indirect,network meta-analysis)suggested higher procedural costs for robotic vs laparoscopic intervention,but lower hospitalization costs vs open intervention,with laparoscopy the least expensive overall.AMSTAR 2 ratings were moderate-to-high across the reviews,GRADE certainty was low for key donor continuous outcomes,and low-to-moderate for recipient and economic outcomes.Overlap was slight(graded-corpus CCA=0.0%;including a contextual non-transplant review increased CCA to≈1.25%).CONCLUSION Robotic donor hepatectomy confers perioperative advantages at the cost of longer operative time.Recipient and economic findings are indirect and considered hypothesis-generating.Transplant-specific,prospective comparisons using a minimum standardized dataset and uniform outcome definitions are needed to resolve remaining uncertainties and to clarify the cost-utility correlation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Early renal artery thrombosis after kidney transplantation is rare but often leads to graft loss.Prompt diagnosis and intervention are essential,particularly in patients with inherited thrombophilias such a...BACKGROUND Early renal artery thrombosis after kidney transplantation is rare but often leads to graft loss.Prompt diagnosis and intervention are essential,particularly in patients with inherited thrombophilias such as factor V Leiden(FVL)mutation.CASE SUMMARY A kidney transplant recipient with FVL mutation developed an acute transplant renal artery thrombosis.The immediate post-operative Doppler ultrasonography revealed thrombosis of the main and inferior polar renal arteries.Emergent thrombectomy and separate arterial re-anastomoses were performed after cold perfusion with heparinized saline and vasodilator solution.Reperfusion was successful with immediate urine output and gradual improvement in renal function.The patient was discharged on direct oral anticoagulation therapy.CONCLUSION Early detection and surgical intervention can preserve graft function in posttransplant renal artery thrombosis even in patients at high risk.展开更多
BACKGROUND Living donor kidney transplantation is the optimal method of long-term renal replacement therapy.Minimally invasive donor nephrectomy techniques,such as robot-assisted(RALDN)and hand-assisted(HALDN)laparosc...BACKGROUND Living donor kidney transplantation is the optimal method of long-term renal replacement therapy.Minimally invasive donor nephrectomy techniques,such as robot-assisted(RALDN)and hand-assisted(HALDN)laparoscopic procedures,are well-established in high-income countries and are being increasingly adopted worldwide.Nevertheless,no studies have reported surgical outcomes of RALDN donor nephrectomy from a United Kingdom center to date.AIM To compare surgical outcomes between RALDN and HALDN laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in a United Kingdom high-volume living kidney donor transplant program.METHODS A case-control matching analysis was performed based on the following parameters:Sex,age,body mass index,procedure laterality,number of renal arteries,and previous abdominal surgeries.Key surgical outcomes,including primary warm ischemia time,operative duration,and post-operative recovery,were evaluated.RESULTS In this cohort of 140 living donors(70 RALDN vs 70 HALDN),donor and recipient outcomes were equivalent across key metrics:Pain scores,overall complication rates,readmissions,reoperations,and creatinine levels at 30 days and 1 year.Recipient long-term renal function did not differ between groups.Operative time for RALDN decreased significantly over the study period,indicating progressive improvement along the learning curve.Although RALDN was associated with a modestly longer mean warm ischaemia time(3.53 minutes vs 2.76 minutes,P<0.001)and extended hospital stay(4.21 days vs 3.17 days,P<0.001),these did not translate into any disadvantage in clinical outcomes.CONCLUSION In this first United Kingdom comparative cohort,RALDN demonstrated excellent safety and efficacy,even in the early phase of our programme,matching the outcomes of the well-established,gold-standard HALDN approach.Moreover,the pronounced learning-curve trajectory suggests considerable potential for further improvements in robotic surgical outcomes as the programme matures.展开更多
BACKGROUND With the increasing use of laparoscopic techniques in living-donor kidney transplantation,limitations in donor vessel length,particularly of the right renal vein,pose significant challenges for vascular ana...BACKGROUND With the increasing use of laparoscopic techniques in living-donor kidney transplantation,limitations in donor vessel length,particularly of the right renal vein,pose significant challenges for vascular anastomosis to the recipient’s external iliac vein.These anatomical constraints can complicate graft implantation and increase the risk of postoperative complications.CASE SUMMARY To address the issue of short right renal veins,several surgical strategies have been proposed.In this report,we describe our experience with three cases in which venous extension was successfully achieved using a venous cuff interposition technique during back-table reconstruction.This approach was used to facilitate secure vascular anastomosis and improve graft positioning in anatomically complex transplant scenarios.CONCLUSION Venous cuff interposition represents an effective technique for managing short renal veins in living-donor kidney transplantation.It provides additional length and flexibility,easing anastomotic tension and supporting successful transplantation.展开更多
英语中,alive,living,live和lively看似很相像,其实它们的含义和用法却不一样。我们一起来看看吧!一、alive意为"活着的",常作表语或后置定语,可以修饰人或物。如:The man is badly hurt but still alive.这人伤得很重但仍然...英语中,alive,living,live和lively看似很相像,其实它们的含义和用法却不一样。我们一起来看看吧!一、alive意为"活着的",常作表语或后置定语,可以修饰人或物。如:The man is badly hurt but still alive.这人伤得很重但仍然活着。There aren’t many pandas alive in the world today.目前世界上存活的熊猫数量不多。二、living意为"活着的",常作定语。如:She has no living relatives.她没有还健在的亲戚了。展开更多
As a British student studying in China,I had the chance to visit the Great Tang All Day Mall with my friend,Alice.Walking through the lively streets of the night market with Alice,we were immediately drawn into the bu...As a British student studying in China,I had the chance to visit the Great Tang All Day Mall with my friend,Alice.Walking through the lively streets of the night market with Alice,we were immediately drawn into the busy and colorful atmosphere.展开更多
BACKGROUND Transplant teams often hesitate to use the right kidney(RK)in living donor(LD)transplants due to the complexities of anastomosing the short,thin-walled right renal veins,which can potentially lead to graft ...BACKGROUND Transplant teams often hesitate to use the right kidney(RK)in living donor(LD)transplants due to the complexities of anastomosing the short,thin-walled right renal veins,which can potentially lead to graft loss or graft dysfunction.Nevertheless,circumstances may arise where selecting the RK over the left kidney(LK)is unavoidable.Consequently,it is crucial to thoroughly examine the implications of such a choice on the overall transplant outcome.AIM To compare transplant outcomes between recipients of RK and LK while examining the factors that influence these outcomes.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from adult patients who received LD kidney transplants involving meticulous patient selection and surgical techniques at our center from January 2020 to December 2023.We included all kidney donors who were over 18,fit to donate,and had undergone diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid split function and/or computed tomography based volumetry.The variables examined comprised donor and recipient demographics,and outcome measures included technical graft loss(TGL),delayed or slow graft function(SGF),and post-transplant serum creatinine(SC)trends.We used a logistic regression model to assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes considering the donor kidney side.RESULTS Of the 250 transplants performed during the period,56(22%)were RKs.The recipient demographics and transplant factors were comparable for the right and LKs,except that the donor warm and cold ischemia time were shorter for RKs.TGL and SGF each occurred in 2%(n=1)of RKs and 0.5%(n=1)of LKs,the difference being insignificant.These complications,however,were not related to the venous anastomosis.One RK(2%)developed delayed graft function after 48 hours,which was attributable to postoperative hypoxia rather than the surgical technique.The post-transplant SC trend and mean SC at the last follow-up were similar across both kidney sides.CONCLUSION The donor kidney side has little impact on post-transplant adverse events and graft function in LD transplants,provided that careful patient selection and precise surgical techniques are employed.展开更多
Background:China accounts for one-quarter of the world’s diabetes population,with significant subnational disparities.However,none of the available data have provided comprehensive estimates and projections at both r...Background:China accounts for one-quarter of the world’s diabetes population,with significant subnational disparities.However,none of the available data have provided comprehensive estimates and projections at both regional and national levels in diabetes prevention and management.This study aimed to explore the temporal trends and geographical variations in the prevalence and non-fatal burden of diabetes by age and sex across China from 2005 to 2023,and to forecast diabetes prevalence through 2050.Methods:We conducted a population-based study based on the nationally representative surveys,and literature reviews.Using the DisMod-MR model and Chinese-specific disease disability weights,we estimated the non-fatal burdens of diabetes,including prevalence and years lived with disability(YLDs),across sexes,age groups,and locations.The temporal trend change was measured as the average annual percent change.The effect of the human development index on burdens was assessed by applying Spearman’s rank correlation analysis.We further projected diabetes prevalence to 2050 under 2 scenarios,the natural trend and the effective intervention on body mass index(BMI).Results:In 2023,an estimated 233 million individuals in China were living with diabetes.Compared to 2005,the agestandardized rate(ASR)of prevalence has increased by nearly 50%,from 7.53%(95%CI 7.00-8.10)to 13.7%(95%CI 12.6-14.8)in 2023.The ASR of YLDs was estimated at 19.1 per 1000 population(95%CI 18.6-19.5)in 2023,compared to 10.5 per 1000 population in 2005.The ASR of prevalence and YLDs was consistently higher in males than in females.The provinces with the highest diabetes prevalence and disease burden were Beijing,Tianjin,and Shanghai.Our forecast results suggest that if existing trends continue,the prevalence of obesity will reach 29.1%(95%CI 22.2-38.2)nationally by 2050,with some provinces in the northern region observing a prevalence of over 40%.Conversely,if effective obesity interventions were implemented,the growth in diabetes prevalence could potentially be suppressed by nearly 50%.Conclusions:The health burden and economic cost associated with diabetes are profound.There is an urgent need to scale up preventive efforts and improve population awareness to enhance disease management and achieve optimal treatment outcomes.展开更多
With the advances in transplant oncology in recent years, the role of liver transplantation has expanded to make curative treatment a possibility for a wider patient population. We highlight strategies in Hong Kong, C...With the advances in transplant oncology in recent years, the role of liver transplantation has expanded to make curative treatment a possibility for a wider patient population. We highlight strategies in Hong Kong, China that have enabled preoperative prognostication for judicious patient selection, downstaging therapy to definitive treatment, and postoperative therapies that have provided a growing role for liver transplantation in patients with more advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.展开更多
文摘Learning to read is a vital,complex task which can be made easier if we expand the conventional conceptualizations of reading.Many have wisely advised educators about expanding beyond understanding reading primarily as an act of decoding visual,printed symbols into words,phrases。
文摘Chinese women artists have created many works in recent years,to show the magnificent views of the motherland,the lives of Chinese people,and the lively animals and plants.The works contain vibrant colors,to express the artists'love for nature and life,as well as their dedication to creation.In this edition,Women of China English Monthly highlights some of the works,to share the beautiful creations with our readers.
基金supported by Henan Province Major Science and Technology Project(241100210100).
文摘Over the past few years,video live streaming has gained immense popularity as a leading internet application.In current solutions offered by cloud service providers,the Group of Pictures(GOP)length of the video source often significantly impacts end-to-end(E2E)latency.However,designing an optimized GOP structure to reduce this effect remains a significant challenge.This paper presents two key contributions.First,it explores how the GOP length at the video source influences E2E latency in mainstream cloud streaming services.Experimental results reveal that the mean E2E latency increases linearly with longer GOP lengths.Second,this paper proposes EGOP(an Enhanced GOP structure)that can be implemented in streaming media servers.Experiments demonstrate that EGOP maintains a consistent E2E latency,unaffected by the GOP length of the video source.Specifically,even with a GOP length of 10 s,the E2E latency remains at 1.35 s,achieving a reduction of 6.98 s compared to Volcano-Engine(the live streaming service provider for TikTok).This makes EGOP a promising solution for low-latency live streaming.
文摘BACKGROUND Robotic assistance is increasingly used for donor and recipient hepatectomy in liver transplantation,yet existing evidence is fragmented and variably indirect.AIM To evaluate clinical outcomes,surgical performance,and economic effects of robotic-assisted donor and recipient hepatectomy in the transplant pathway.METHODS Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 and a priori registration,systematic reviews were included with or without meta-analysis.Four databases were searched through July 2025.Methodological quality was appraised with a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews(AMSTAR 2),and certainty was graded with grading of recommendations assessment,development and evaluation(GRADE).Evidence overlap was calculated via a citation-matrix-based corrected covered area(CCA).Effect sizes were prespecified as risk ratios(RR)for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences for continuous outcomes.RESULTS Five reviews met the inclusion criteria,four with meta-analyses and one consensus review used only for context.Donor(direct)findings were more favorable for robotics in terms of estimated blood loss(≈-117 mL)and length of stay(≈-0.6 days),although with longer operative time(≈+105 minutes).Absolute risks for donor complications were not estimable from ratio-only data.Recipient(indirect)meta-analysis indicated robotics to be favorable in terms of conversion(RR≈0.41)and severe morbidity(RR≈0.81),with a trend toward lower overall morbidity(RR≈0.92)and no difference in 30-day mortality.Differences in length of stay and operative time were small and heterogeneous.Economic evidence(indirect,network meta-analysis)suggested higher procedural costs for robotic vs laparoscopic intervention,but lower hospitalization costs vs open intervention,with laparoscopy the least expensive overall.AMSTAR 2 ratings were moderate-to-high across the reviews,GRADE certainty was low for key donor continuous outcomes,and low-to-moderate for recipient and economic outcomes.Overlap was slight(graded-corpus CCA=0.0%;including a contextual non-transplant review increased CCA to≈1.25%).CONCLUSION Robotic donor hepatectomy confers perioperative advantages at the cost of longer operative time.Recipient and economic findings are indirect and considered hypothesis-generating.Transplant-specific,prospective comparisons using a minimum standardized dataset and uniform outcome definitions are needed to resolve remaining uncertainties and to clarify the cost-utility correlation.
文摘BACKGROUND Early renal artery thrombosis after kidney transplantation is rare but often leads to graft loss.Prompt diagnosis and intervention are essential,particularly in patients with inherited thrombophilias such as factor V Leiden(FVL)mutation.CASE SUMMARY A kidney transplant recipient with FVL mutation developed an acute transplant renal artery thrombosis.The immediate post-operative Doppler ultrasonography revealed thrombosis of the main and inferior polar renal arteries.Emergent thrombectomy and separate arterial re-anastomoses were performed after cold perfusion with heparinized saline and vasodilator solution.Reperfusion was successful with immediate urine output and gradual improvement in renal function.The patient was discharged on direct oral anticoagulation therapy.CONCLUSION Early detection and surgical intervention can preserve graft function in posttransplant renal artery thrombosis even in patients at high risk.
文摘BACKGROUND Living donor kidney transplantation is the optimal method of long-term renal replacement therapy.Minimally invasive donor nephrectomy techniques,such as robot-assisted(RALDN)and hand-assisted(HALDN)laparoscopic procedures,are well-established in high-income countries and are being increasingly adopted worldwide.Nevertheless,no studies have reported surgical outcomes of RALDN donor nephrectomy from a United Kingdom center to date.AIM To compare surgical outcomes between RALDN and HALDN laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in a United Kingdom high-volume living kidney donor transplant program.METHODS A case-control matching analysis was performed based on the following parameters:Sex,age,body mass index,procedure laterality,number of renal arteries,and previous abdominal surgeries.Key surgical outcomes,including primary warm ischemia time,operative duration,and post-operative recovery,were evaluated.RESULTS In this cohort of 140 living donors(70 RALDN vs 70 HALDN),donor and recipient outcomes were equivalent across key metrics:Pain scores,overall complication rates,readmissions,reoperations,and creatinine levels at 30 days and 1 year.Recipient long-term renal function did not differ between groups.Operative time for RALDN decreased significantly over the study period,indicating progressive improvement along the learning curve.Although RALDN was associated with a modestly longer mean warm ischaemia time(3.53 minutes vs 2.76 minutes,P<0.001)and extended hospital stay(4.21 days vs 3.17 days,P<0.001),these did not translate into any disadvantage in clinical outcomes.CONCLUSION In this first United Kingdom comparative cohort,RALDN demonstrated excellent safety and efficacy,even in the early phase of our programme,matching the outcomes of the well-established,gold-standard HALDN approach.Moreover,the pronounced learning-curve trajectory suggests considerable potential for further improvements in robotic surgical outcomes as the programme matures.
文摘BACKGROUND With the increasing use of laparoscopic techniques in living-donor kidney transplantation,limitations in donor vessel length,particularly of the right renal vein,pose significant challenges for vascular anastomosis to the recipient’s external iliac vein.These anatomical constraints can complicate graft implantation and increase the risk of postoperative complications.CASE SUMMARY To address the issue of short right renal veins,several surgical strategies have been proposed.In this report,we describe our experience with three cases in which venous extension was successfully achieved using a venous cuff interposition technique during back-table reconstruction.This approach was used to facilitate secure vascular anastomosis and improve graft positioning in anatomically complex transplant scenarios.CONCLUSION Venous cuff interposition represents an effective technique for managing short renal veins in living-donor kidney transplantation.It provides additional length and flexibility,easing anastomotic tension and supporting successful transplantation.
文摘英语中,alive,living,live和lively看似很相像,其实它们的含义和用法却不一样。我们一起来看看吧!一、alive意为"活着的",常作表语或后置定语,可以修饰人或物。如:The man is badly hurt but still alive.这人伤得很重但仍然活着。There aren’t many pandas alive in the world today.目前世界上存活的熊猫数量不多。二、living意为"活着的",常作定语。如:She has no living relatives.她没有还健在的亲戚了。
文摘As a British student studying in China,I had the chance to visit the Great Tang All Day Mall with my friend,Alice.Walking through the lively streets of the night market with Alice,we were immediately drawn into the busy and colorful atmosphere.
文摘BACKGROUND Transplant teams often hesitate to use the right kidney(RK)in living donor(LD)transplants due to the complexities of anastomosing the short,thin-walled right renal veins,which can potentially lead to graft loss or graft dysfunction.Nevertheless,circumstances may arise where selecting the RK over the left kidney(LK)is unavoidable.Consequently,it is crucial to thoroughly examine the implications of such a choice on the overall transplant outcome.AIM To compare transplant outcomes between recipients of RK and LK while examining the factors that influence these outcomes.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from adult patients who received LD kidney transplants involving meticulous patient selection and surgical techniques at our center from January 2020 to December 2023.We included all kidney donors who were over 18,fit to donate,and had undergone diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid split function and/or computed tomography based volumetry.The variables examined comprised donor and recipient demographics,and outcome measures included technical graft loss(TGL),delayed or slow graft function(SGF),and post-transplant serum creatinine(SC)trends.We used a logistic regression model to assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes considering the donor kidney side.RESULTS Of the 250 transplants performed during the period,56(22%)were RKs.The recipient demographics and transplant factors were comparable for the right and LKs,except that the donor warm and cold ischemia time were shorter for RKs.TGL and SGF each occurred in 2%(n=1)of RKs and 0.5%(n=1)of LKs,the difference being insignificant.These complications,however,were not related to the venous anastomosis.One RK(2%)developed delayed graft function after 48 hours,which was attributable to postoperative hypoxia rather than the surgical technique.The post-transplant SC trend and mean SC at the last follow-up were similar across both kidney sides.CONCLUSION The donor kidney side has little impact on post-transplant adverse events and graft function in LD transplants,provided that careful patient selection and precise surgical techniques are employed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3605000).
文摘Background:China accounts for one-quarter of the world’s diabetes population,with significant subnational disparities.However,none of the available data have provided comprehensive estimates and projections at both regional and national levels in diabetes prevention and management.This study aimed to explore the temporal trends and geographical variations in the prevalence and non-fatal burden of diabetes by age and sex across China from 2005 to 2023,and to forecast diabetes prevalence through 2050.Methods:We conducted a population-based study based on the nationally representative surveys,and literature reviews.Using the DisMod-MR model and Chinese-specific disease disability weights,we estimated the non-fatal burdens of diabetes,including prevalence and years lived with disability(YLDs),across sexes,age groups,and locations.The temporal trend change was measured as the average annual percent change.The effect of the human development index on burdens was assessed by applying Spearman’s rank correlation analysis.We further projected diabetes prevalence to 2050 under 2 scenarios,the natural trend and the effective intervention on body mass index(BMI).Results:In 2023,an estimated 233 million individuals in China were living with diabetes.Compared to 2005,the agestandardized rate(ASR)of prevalence has increased by nearly 50%,from 7.53%(95%CI 7.00-8.10)to 13.7%(95%CI 12.6-14.8)in 2023.The ASR of YLDs was estimated at 19.1 per 1000 population(95%CI 18.6-19.5)in 2023,compared to 10.5 per 1000 population in 2005.The ASR of prevalence and YLDs was consistently higher in males than in females.The provinces with the highest diabetes prevalence and disease burden were Beijing,Tianjin,and Shanghai.Our forecast results suggest that if existing trends continue,the prevalence of obesity will reach 29.1%(95%CI 22.2-38.2)nationally by 2050,with some provinces in the northern region observing a prevalence of over 40%.Conversely,if effective obesity interventions were implemented,the growth in diabetes prevalence could potentially be suppressed by nearly 50%.Conclusions:The health burden and economic cost associated with diabetes are profound.There is an urgent need to scale up preventive efforts and improve population awareness to enhance disease management and achieve optimal treatment outcomes.
文摘With the advances in transplant oncology in recent years, the role of liver transplantation has expanded to make curative treatment a possibility for a wider patient population. We highlight strategies in Hong Kong, China that have enabled preoperative prognostication for judicious patient selection, downstaging therapy to definitive treatment, and postoperative therapies that have provided a growing role for liver transplantation in patients with more advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
