Vietnam,with its twenty-eight coastal provinces,is one of the nations most profoundly affected by the adverse impacts of climate change(CC).These provinces face severe challenges as they contend with the escalating ef...Vietnam,with its twenty-eight coastal provinces,is one of the nations most profoundly affected by the adverse impacts of climate change(CC).These provinces face severe challenges as they contend with the escalating effects of CC,including rising sea levels,typhoons,flooding,and droughts.In this context,this article aims to assess the vulnerability of households'livelihoods in Quang Nam Province by applying the Livelihood Vulnerability Index(LVI)developed by Hahn et al.,along with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change framework(LVI-IPCC).The study utilises five sources of household capital—human,social,physical,natural,and financial—to construct its indices.The data for this article is based on a survey of 200 households.The research methodology combines both quantitative and qualitative methods,including questionnaire interviews,in-depth interviews,and focus group discussions.The research period spans from 2021 to 2023.The study results revealed that the household LVI was 0.371,while the LVI-IPCC was 0.086,highlighting the critical need for access to food and clean water,which scored 0.458 and 0.351,respectively.The research underscores how CC significantly affects the livelihoods of coastal communities,particularly in sectors such as fishing,aquaculture,and agriculture.The study concludes that CC poses significant challenges to the livelihoods of coastal communities in Quang Nam Province and that adaptation measures are necessary to support these communities.The research highlights the importance of livelihood diversification,job transformation,and improving knowledge and skills to enhance the resilience of coastal communities to CC.展开更多
Agricultural drought,a prolonged disaster with widespread impacts,exerts tremendous pressure on farm household activities,agricultural production,and economic development.The western region of Jilin Province,China,loc...Agricultural drought,a prolonged disaster with widespread impacts,exerts tremendous pressure on farm household activities,agricultural production,and economic development.The western region of Jilin Province,China,located in a semi-arid zone,where persistents drought exacerbates ecological fragility.With a larger proportion of its population living in rural areas,the life and production activities of households are particularly susceptible to drought-related challenges.This study focuses on the western part of Jilin Province,utilizing remote sensing data to calculate the temperature vegetation dryness index(TVDI)as a soil moisture monitoring indicator for drought assessment.The livelihood vulnerability index(LVI)and the improved LVI-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)index are employed to comprehensively assess the livelihood vulnerability of communes in the region and the impact of drought conditions on farmers'livelihood vulnerability.The results reveal a spatial trend of increasing drought severity from northeast to southwest,with temporally minor fluctuations observed in drought levels from 2005 to 2022.Livelihood vulnerability results indicate significant spatial and temporal variations,with education,health,food,and water playing key roles.Correlation analysis indicates a strong relationship between TVDI and LVI,highlighting the detrimental impact of drought on farmers'livelihoods.The study aims to provide a scientific foundation for managing livelihood vulnerability in the western part of Jilin Province and similar arid areas.Additionally,it seeks to offer strategic recommendations for policymakers to mitigate the adverse effects of drought,thereby reducing farmers'vulnerability and fostering sustainable socio-economic development.展开更多
Bulukumba Regency is one of the major rice-producing areas in South Sulawesi,Indonesia and has experienced frequent climate disasters over the past decade.Several downstream villages within the Bettu River irrigation ...Bulukumba Regency is one of the major rice-producing areas in South Sulawesi,Indonesia and has experienced frequent climate disasters over the past decade.Several downstream villages within the Bettu River irrigation area have been affected by the drought,culminating in reduced lowland rice production and increasing the vulnerability of farmers’livelihoods.This study aims to evaluate the vulnerability of the livelihood system among rice farmers in the Bettu River irrigation area by classifying the area into two zones based on the distance from the main irrigation canal,namely the upstream area and downstream area.The livelihood vulnerability index(LVI)framework and livelihood vulnerability index-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(LVI-IPCC)approach were applied by selecting geographic and socio-demographic indicators that affected the farmer households,including 8 major components and 26 sup-components.The data for LVI-IPCC estimation were collected by randomly selecting 132 households from villages in the two areas.The empirical results showed that farmers in the downstream area were more vulnerable to climate change than farmers in the upstream area.The major components causing the livelihood vulnerability of the downstream farmers were livelihood strategy,food,water,land,and health,as well as natural disasters and climate variability.In particular,the sub-components of agricultural livelihood diversification,consistent water supply for farming,and drought events were important in the downstream area.Farmers in the upstream area were vulnerable to socio-demographic profile and social network components.The LVI-IPCC findings suggested that the government should prioritize farmers in the downstream area to develop resilience strategies,particularly by increasing irrigation infrastructure and the number of reservoirs and drilling holes.Furthermore,to increase their adaptive capacity in terms of diversification of agricultural livelihood systems,the government and donor agencies need to provide trainings on the development of home food industries for poor farmers and vulnerable households that were affected by disasters.展开更多
An Giang province in the Mekong Delta is the most vulnerable province the impact of flooding and climate variability. Thousand of households are at risk due to severe annual floods. This study applied the LVI （liveli...An Giang province in the Mekong Delta is the most vulnerable province the impact of flooding and climate variability. Thousand of households are at risk due to severe annual floods. This study applied the LVI （livelihood vulnerability index） to estimate flood vulnerability of Phu Huu and Ta Danh villages in An Giang province. Data on socio-demographics, livelihoods, health, social networks, physical, financial and natural resources, natural disasters and climate variability were collected from a survey of 120 households in each village. From these data the LVI of each village was calculated. Results show that the overall LV1 of Phu Huu village, located in the early flooded zone, is higher than that of Ta Danh village, located in the late flooded zone. The analysis also indicated that this practical method can be applied for other purposes such as to monitor vulnerability, evaluate development programs or policy effectiveness by incorporating with scenario comparison.展开更多
Chinese Loess Plateau has achieved a win-win situation concerning ecological restoration and socio-economic development.However,synergistic development may not be realized at the local scale.In areas undergoing ecolog...Chinese Loess Plateau has achieved a win-win situation concerning ecological restoration and socio-economic development.However,synergistic development may not be realized at the local scale.In areas undergoing ecological restoration,livelihood vulner-ability may be more pronounced due to the inflexibility,policy protection,and susceptibility to climate and market changes in forestry production.Although this issue has attracted academic interest,empirical studies are relatively scarce.This study,centered on Jiaxian County,Shaanxi Province of China explored the households’livelihood vulnerability and coping strategies and group heterogeneity con-cerned with livelihood structures or forestry resources through field investigation,comprehensive index assessment,and nonparametric tests.Findings showed that:1)the percentage of households with high livelihood vulnerability indicator(LVI)(>0.491)reached 46.34%.2)Eight groups in livelihood structures formed by forestry,traditional agriculture,and non-farm activities were significantly different in LVI,land resources(LR),social networks(SN),livelihood strategies(LS),housing characteristics(HC),and socio-demo-graphic profile(SDP).3)The livelihood vulnerability of the groups with highly engaged/reliance on jujube(Ziziphus jujuba)forest demonstrated more prominent livelihood vulnerability due to the increased precipitation and cold market,where the low-engaged with reliance type were significantly more vulnerable in LVI,SDP,LR,and HC.4)The threshold of behavioral triggers widely varied,and farmers dependent on forestry livelihoods showed negative coping behavior.Specifically,the cutting behavior was strongly associated with lagged years and government subsidies,guidance,and high returns of crops.Finally,the findings can provide guidance on the dir-ection of livelihood vulnerability mitigation and adaptive government management in ecologically restored areas.The issue of farmers’livelihood sustainability in the context of ecological conservation calls for immediate attention,and eco-compensations or other forms of assistance in ecologically functional areas are expected to be enhanced and diversified.展开更多
Indigenous people around the Kerinci Seblat National Park(KSNP),Indonesia,have a high dependence on forest resources as their main source of livelihood.This study addressed the vulnerability of Rejang indigenous peopl...Indigenous people around the Kerinci Seblat National Park(KSNP),Indonesia,have a high dependence on forest resources as their main source of livelihood.This study addressed the vulnerability of Rejang indigenous people around the KSNP to climate change.The popular livelihood vulnerability index(LVI)model was adapted by adding and modifying subcomponents suitable for the study area.Primary data were collected through household surveys in two communities:Embong and Topos.In total,146 samples were selected for this study using stratified random sampling.The results showed that Embong was more vulnerable to climate change than Topos.Embong exhibited a higher level of vulnerability to the effects of socio-demographic profile,social network,health,and natural disasters and climate variability,whereas Topos was more vulnerable to livelihood strategy,food,and water.Furthermore,Embong was more exposed to natural disasters and climate variability than Topos,but it demonstrated higher adaptive capacity and lower sensitivity than Topos.Nevertheless,socio-demographic profile influenced adaptive capacity in both communities.Sensitivity was influenced most by health in Embong,and sensitivity was influenced most by food in Topos.Although the vulnerability levels were not high in the two communities,several subcomponents must be specifically considered.Overall,this study can help the government make informed decisions to enhance adaptive capacity of the KSNP to climate change.展开更多
Climate change is impacting on climate dependent activities such as Avocado farming in Tanzania. The extent of the impact of climate change in agriculture depends on the level of vulnerability or exposure of farmers t...Climate change is impacting on climate dependent activities such as Avocado farming in Tanzania. The extent of the impact of climate change in agriculture depends on the level of vulnerability or exposure of farmers to these impacts. This study addresses gender vulnerabilities to Avocado smallholder farmers to climate change in the Southern Highlands regions of Tanzania where the temperature and rainfall stresses are relevant using the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and tested for significant difference in their vulnerability levels by applying independent two sample student’s t-test based on gender by using a sample of 104 Avocado smallholder farming. The results in this study revealed that both male and female avocado farmers were vulnerable to the effects of climate change and variability, but the vulnerabilities varied with gender. Female small holder farmers were more vulnerable to socio-demographic profile, livelihood strategies, social network, water and food major components of the LVI, whereas were more vulnerable to social network and health. The vulnerability indices revealed that female small holder farmers were more sensitive to the impact of climate change and variability. It was also found that female small holder farmers have the least adaptive capacities. In all, female small holder farmers are more vulnerable to climate change and variability than male. There is a need for better gender-sensitive approaches to adaptation planning and implementation to ensure that both men and women have equal opportunities to benefit from adaptation options in agriculture.展开更多
Climate change poses a growing threat to rural livelihoods in Lao PDR,particularly in upland areas where socio-economic vulnerabilities and limited adaptive capacity heighten risks.Despite this,localized assessments o...Climate change poses a growing threat to rural livelihoods in Lao PDR,particularly in upland areas where socio-economic vulnerabilities and limited adaptive capacity heighten risks.Despite this,localized assessments of livelihood vulnerability remain limited,hindering the development of targeted adaptation strategies.This study applies the Livelihood Vulnerability Index(LVI)and the LVIIPCC framework to assess household-level vulnerability to climate variability in 15 villages across Beng District,Oudomxay Province.Drawing on quantitative data from 450 households collected under the Mekong Sentinel Landscape Project,the analysis integrates 22 sub-indicators across seven domains:socio-demographic profile,livelihood strategies,health,social networks,food security,water access,and climate-related shocks.Mang village recorded the highest vulnerability score(LVI=0.476),associated with low education levels,a high proportion of female-headed households,and heavy reliance on agriculture.Namtouy village exhibited the lowest score(LVI=0.327),reflecting stronger adaptive capacity and improved water access.The LVI-IPCC framework underscores the combined influence of high exposure and low adaptive capacity in shaping vulnerability outcomes.Gender consistently emerged as a critical factor,with femaleheaded households showing elevated vulnerability across multiple domains.The findings underscore the importance of integrating gender-responsive,locally tailored,and inclusive approaches into climate adaptation planning.Strengthening education,diversifying livelihoods,enhancing water and health infrastructure,and improving disaster preparedness are essential for building resilience in vulnerable upland communities.The LVI and LVI-IPCC frameworks offer practical tools to support evidence-based policy and investment decisions for climate adaptation in Lao PDR.展开更多
基金supported by the"Vietnam Sea for the Goals of National Defence and National Development"project managed by the Office of the Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences。
文摘Vietnam,with its twenty-eight coastal provinces,is one of the nations most profoundly affected by the adverse impacts of climate change(CC).These provinces face severe challenges as they contend with the escalating effects of CC,including rising sea levels,typhoons,flooding,and droughts.In this context,this article aims to assess the vulnerability of households'livelihoods in Quang Nam Province by applying the Livelihood Vulnerability Index(LVI)developed by Hahn et al.,along with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change framework(LVI-IPCC).The study utilises five sources of household capital—human,social,physical,natural,and financial—to construct its indices.The data for this article is based on a survey of 200 households.The research methodology combines both quantitative and qualitative methods,including questionnaire interviews,in-depth interviews,and focus group discussions.The research period spans from 2021 to 2023.The study results revealed that the household LVI was 0.371,while the LVI-IPCC was 0.086,highlighting the critical need for access to food and clean water,which scored 0.458 and 0.351,respectively.The research underscores how CC significantly affects the livelihoods of coastal communities,particularly in sectors such as fishing,aquaculture,and agriculture.The study concludes that CC poses significant challenges to the livelihoods of coastal communities in Quang Nam Province and that adaptation measures are necessary to support these communities.The research highlights the importance of livelihood diversification,job transformation,and improving knowledge and skills to enhance the resilience of coastal communities to CC.
基金Under the auspices of Basic Construction Funds of Jilin Province in 2024 and 2023(No.2024C021-3,2023C030-1)Foundation of the Education Department of Jilin Province(No.JJKH20250317KJ)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42071223,42471223)。
文摘Agricultural drought,a prolonged disaster with widespread impacts,exerts tremendous pressure on farm household activities,agricultural production,and economic development.The western region of Jilin Province,China,located in a semi-arid zone,where persistents drought exacerbates ecological fragility.With a larger proportion of its population living in rural areas,the life and production activities of households are particularly susceptible to drought-related challenges.This study focuses on the western part of Jilin Province,utilizing remote sensing data to calculate the temperature vegetation dryness index(TVDI)as a soil moisture monitoring indicator for drought assessment.The livelihood vulnerability index(LVI)and the improved LVI-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)index are employed to comprehensively assess the livelihood vulnerability of communes in the region and the impact of drought conditions on farmers'livelihood vulnerability.The results reveal a spatial trend of increasing drought severity from northeast to southwest,with temporally minor fluctuations observed in drought levels from 2005 to 2022.Livelihood vulnerability results indicate significant spatial and temporal variations,with education,health,food,and water playing key roles.Correlation analysis indicates a strong relationship between TVDI and LVI,highlighting the detrimental impact of drought on farmers'livelihoods.The study aims to provide a scientific foundation for managing livelihood vulnerability in the western part of Jilin Province and similar arid areas.Additionally,it seeks to offer strategic recommendations for policymakers to mitigate the adverse effects of drought,thereby reducing farmers'vulnerability and fostering sustainable socio-economic development.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education,Culture,Research,and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia which provided postgraduate scholarships(2819/E4/DT.04.02/2022).
文摘Bulukumba Regency is one of the major rice-producing areas in South Sulawesi,Indonesia and has experienced frequent climate disasters over the past decade.Several downstream villages within the Bettu River irrigation area have been affected by the drought,culminating in reduced lowland rice production and increasing the vulnerability of farmers’livelihoods.This study aims to evaluate the vulnerability of the livelihood system among rice farmers in the Bettu River irrigation area by classifying the area into two zones based on the distance from the main irrigation canal,namely the upstream area and downstream area.The livelihood vulnerability index(LVI)framework and livelihood vulnerability index-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(LVI-IPCC)approach were applied by selecting geographic and socio-demographic indicators that affected the farmer households,including 8 major components and 26 sup-components.The data for LVI-IPCC estimation were collected by randomly selecting 132 households from villages in the two areas.The empirical results showed that farmers in the downstream area were more vulnerable to climate change than farmers in the upstream area.The major components causing the livelihood vulnerability of the downstream farmers were livelihood strategy,food,water,land,and health,as well as natural disasters and climate variability.In particular,the sub-components of agricultural livelihood diversification,consistent water supply for farming,and drought events were important in the downstream area.Farmers in the upstream area were vulnerable to socio-demographic profile and social network components.The LVI-IPCC findings suggested that the government should prioritize farmers in the downstream area to develop resilience strategies,particularly by increasing irrigation infrastructure and the number of reservoirs and drilling holes.Furthermore,to increase their adaptive capacity in terms of diversification of agricultural livelihood systems,the government and donor agencies need to provide trainings on the development of home food industries for poor farmers and vulnerable households that were affected by disasters.
文摘An Giang province in the Mekong Delta is the most vulnerable province the impact of flooding and climate variability. Thousand of households are at risk due to severe annual floods. This study applied the LVI （livelihood vulnerability index） to estimate flood vulnerability of Phu Huu and Ta Danh villages in An Giang province. Data on socio-demographics, livelihoods, health, social networks, physical, financial and natural resources, natural disasters and climate variability were collected from a survey of 120 households in each village. From these data the LVI of each village was calculated. Results show that the overall LV1 of Phu Huu village, located in the early flooded zone, is higher than that of Ta Danh village, located in the late flooded zone. The analysis also indicated that this practical method can be applied for other purposes such as to monitor vulnerability, evaluate development programs or policy effectiveness by incorporating with scenario comparison.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42001202,52209030,42171208)Young Talent Fund of Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi,China(No.20240703)+1 种基金Social Science Foundation Project of Shaanxi Province(No.2022R019)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.GK202207005)。
文摘Chinese Loess Plateau has achieved a win-win situation concerning ecological restoration and socio-economic development.However,synergistic development may not be realized at the local scale.In areas undergoing ecological restoration,livelihood vulner-ability may be more pronounced due to the inflexibility,policy protection,and susceptibility to climate and market changes in forestry production.Although this issue has attracted academic interest,empirical studies are relatively scarce.This study,centered on Jiaxian County,Shaanxi Province of China explored the households’livelihood vulnerability and coping strategies and group heterogeneity con-cerned with livelihood structures or forestry resources through field investigation,comprehensive index assessment,and nonparametric tests.Findings showed that:1)the percentage of households with high livelihood vulnerability indicator(LVI)(>0.491)reached 46.34%.2)Eight groups in livelihood structures formed by forestry,traditional agriculture,and non-farm activities were significantly different in LVI,land resources(LR),social networks(SN),livelihood strategies(LS),housing characteristics(HC),and socio-demo-graphic profile(SDP).3)The livelihood vulnerability of the groups with highly engaged/reliance on jujube(Ziziphus jujuba)forest demonstrated more prominent livelihood vulnerability due to the increased precipitation and cold market,where the low-engaged with reliance type were significantly more vulnerable in LVI,SDP,LR,and HC.4)The threshold of behavioral triggers widely varied,and farmers dependent on forestry livelihoods showed negative coping behavior.Specifically,the cutting behavior was strongly associated with lagged years and government subsidies,guidance,and high returns of crops.Finally,the findings can provide guidance on the dir-ection of livelihood vulnerability mitigation and adaptive government management in ecologically restored areas.The issue of farmers’livelihood sustainability in the context of ecological conservation calls for immediate attention,and eco-compensations or other forms of assistance in ecologically functional areas are expected to be enhanced and diversified.
基金the Indonesian Endowment Fund for Education(20201221105629)for funding this study。
文摘Indigenous people around the Kerinci Seblat National Park(KSNP),Indonesia,have a high dependence on forest resources as their main source of livelihood.This study addressed the vulnerability of Rejang indigenous people around the KSNP to climate change.The popular livelihood vulnerability index(LVI)model was adapted by adding and modifying subcomponents suitable for the study area.Primary data were collected through household surveys in two communities:Embong and Topos.In total,146 samples were selected for this study using stratified random sampling.The results showed that Embong was more vulnerable to climate change than Topos.Embong exhibited a higher level of vulnerability to the effects of socio-demographic profile,social network,health,and natural disasters and climate variability,whereas Topos was more vulnerable to livelihood strategy,food,and water.Furthermore,Embong was more exposed to natural disasters and climate variability than Topos,but it demonstrated higher adaptive capacity and lower sensitivity than Topos.Nevertheless,socio-demographic profile influenced adaptive capacity in both communities.Sensitivity was influenced most by health in Embong,and sensitivity was influenced most by food in Topos.Although the vulnerability levels were not high in the two communities,several subcomponents must be specifically considered.Overall,this study can help the government make informed decisions to enhance adaptive capacity of the KSNP to climate change.
文摘Climate change is impacting on climate dependent activities such as Avocado farming in Tanzania. The extent of the impact of climate change in agriculture depends on the level of vulnerability or exposure of farmers to these impacts. This study addresses gender vulnerabilities to Avocado smallholder farmers to climate change in the Southern Highlands regions of Tanzania where the temperature and rainfall stresses are relevant using the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and tested for significant difference in their vulnerability levels by applying independent two sample student’s t-test based on gender by using a sample of 104 Avocado smallholder farming. The results in this study revealed that both male and female avocado farmers were vulnerable to the effects of climate change and variability, but the vulnerabilities varied with gender. Female small holder farmers were more vulnerable to socio-demographic profile, livelihood strategies, social network, water and food major components of the LVI, whereas were more vulnerable to social network and health. The vulnerability indices revealed that female small holder farmers were more sensitive to the impact of climate change and variability. It was also found that female small holder farmers have the least adaptive capacities. In all, female small holder farmers are more vulnerable to climate change and variability than male. There is a need for better gender-sensitive approaches to adaptation planning and implementation to ensure that both men and women have equal opportunities to benefit from adaptation options in agriculture.
文摘Climate change poses a growing threat to rural livelihoods in Lao PDR,particularly in upland areas where socio-economic vulnerabilities and limited adaptive capacity heighten risks.Despite this,localized assessments of livelihood vulnerability remain limited,hindering the development of targeted adaptation strategies.This study applies the Livelihood Vulnerability Index(LVI)and the LVIIPCC framework to assess household-level vulnerability to climate variability in 15 villages across Beng District,Oudomxay Province.Drawing on quantitative data from 450 households collected under the Mekong Sentinel Landscape Project,the analysis integrates 22 sub-indicators across seven domains:socio-demographic profile,livelihood strategies,health,social networks,food security,water access,and climate-related shocks.Mang village recorded the highest vulnerability score(LVI=0.476),associated with low education levels,a high proportion of female-headed households,and heavy reliance on agriculture.Namtouy village exhibited the lowest score(LVI=0.327),reflecting stronger adaptive capacity and improved water access.The LVI-IPCC framework underscores the combined influence of high exposure and low adaptive capacity in shaping vulnerability outcomes.Gender consistently emerged as a critical factor,with femaleheaded households showing elevated vulnerability across multiple domains.The findings underscore the importance of integrating gender-responsive,locally tailored,and inclusive approaches into climate adaptation planning.Strengthening education,diversifying livelihoods,enhancing water and health infrastructure,and improving disaster preparedness are essential for building resilience in vulnerable upland communities.The LVI and LVI-IPCC frameworks offer practical tools to support evidence-based policy and investment decisions for climate adaptation in Lao PDR.
