With the rise of live streaming on social media, platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube have become powerful business tools. They enable users to share live videos, fostering direct connections between busine...With the rise of live streaming on social media, platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube have become powerful business tools. They enable users to share live videos, fostering direct connections between businesses and their customers. This critical literature review paper explores the impact of live streaming on businesses, focusing on its role in attracting and satisfying consumers by promoting products tailored to their needs and wants. It emphasizes live streaming’s crucial role in engaging customers, a key to business growth. The study also provides viable strategies for businesses to leverage live streaming for growth and customer engagement, underscoring its importance in the business landscape.展开更多
Analyze the compatibility between cosmetics and live streaming e-commerce from its own nature,marketing means and supply chain characteristics.According to the prominent problems,sort out the relationship between all ...Analyze the compatibility between cosmetics and live streaming e-commerce from its own nature,marketing means and supply chain characteristics.According to the prominent problems,sort out the relationship between all parties in the cosmetics live e-commerce industry chain.Combined with the latest regulatory policies of live streaming e-commerce and cosmetics,the responsibilities of different subjects in cosmetics live streaming e-commerce are summarized,and relevant suggestions and countermeasures are put forward for the standardization and development of live streaming e-commerce.Cosmetics brand owners are the first responsible persons for product quality.Anchors,as a mixed identity between intermediary,advertising spokesperson and operator,should bear stricter joint and several liability when recommending products related to consumers’health.If anchors fail to clearly identify themselves in the recommendation process,thus causing consumers to mistake them for the operator of the cosmetics,they should assume the obligations of the operator.展开更多
Video data location plays a key role for Peer-to-Peer （P2P） live streaming applications. In this paper, we propose a new one-hop Distributed Hash Table （DHT） lookup frarrework called Strearre ing-DHT （SDHT） to p...Video data location plays a key role for Peer-to-Peer （P2P） live streaming applications. In this paper, we propose a new one-hop Distributed Hash Table （DHT） lookup frarrework called Strearre ing-DHT （SDHT） to provide efficient video data location service. By adopting an enhanced events dissemination mechanism-EDRA＋, the accuracy of routing table at peers can be guaranteed. More importantly, in order to enhance the perforlmnce of video data lookup operation without incurring extra overhead, we design a so-called Distributed Index Mapping and Management Mechanism （DIMM） for SDHT. Both analytical modeling and intensive simulation experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of SDHT framework. Numerical results show that almost 90% requested video data can be retrieved within one second in SDHT based systems, and SDHT needs only 26% average bandwidth consumption when compared with similar one-hop DHT solutions such as D1HT. This indicates that SDHT framework is an appropriate data lookup solution for time-sensitive network applications such as P2P live streaming.展开更多
Pull-based P2P live streaming is a promising solution for the large scale streaming systems, like PPStream, PPlive, due to its high scalability, low cost and high resilience. However, they usually suffer from bad dela...Pull-based P2P live streaming is a promising solution for the large scale streaming systems, like PPStream, PPlive, due to its high scalability, low cost and high resilience. However, they usually suffer from bad delay performance. In this paper, we seek to improve the delay performance under ensuring video display quality stemming from chunk scheduling. And so we model Pull-based chunk scheduling problem as a multi-objective optimization problem to minimize the video delay and maximize video display quality in the environment of heterogeneous upload bandwidths, heterogeneous and dynamic propagation delays. Finally we put up with a greedy Pull-based scheduling approach(GPSA) to solve the optimization problem. The evaluation shows GPSA can outperform two classical chunk scheduling approaches and adapt to dynamic variance of propagation delays.展开更多
The prevalence of smart phone and improvement of wireless net promote the usage of crowdsourced live streaming,where individual users act as live streaming sources to broadcast themselves online. Characterizing the pe...The prevalence of smart phone and improvement of wireless net promote the usage of crowdsourced live streaming,where individual users act as live streaming sources to broadcast themselves online. Characterizing the performance and identifying its bottleneck in such systems can shed light on the system design and performance optimization. TCP performance of a commercial crowdsourced live streaming system is examined by analyzing packet-level traces collected at streaming servers. TCP stalls that heavily hurt the Qo E of user have been identified. In particular,the TCP stalls account for as much as 31. 6% of the flow completion time for upload flows and result in abandonment of upload on the corresponding channels. Stalls caused by timeout retransmissions are further dissected and timeout retransmission characteristics are revealed to be dependent on the video encoding methods. These findings provide new insights in crowdsourced live streaming systems and can guide designers to improve the TCP efficiency.展开更多
In e-commerce live streaming,sellers choose the most suitable streamers to endorse their products.The streamer introduces the main functions of the goods,organizes marketing activities,improves the consumers’shopping...In e-commerce live streaming,sellers choose the most suitable streamers to endorse their products.The streamer introduces the main functions of the goods,organizes marketing activities,improves the consumers’shopping experience,and finally facilitates transactions and obtains gifts.However,the formation mechanism of guanxi between streamers and consumers remain unclear.Based on affordance theory,this study uses structural equations to empirically study the decision-making mechanism of consumer gift-giving and purchase behavior in ecommerce live streaming.The study finds that affective affordance and cognitive affordance have positive impacts on swift guanxi;swift guanxi is an antecedent of consumers’purchase intention and gift-giving intention.展开更多
In Peer-to-Peer(P2P) streaming systems,video data may be lost since peers can join and leave the overlay network randomly,thereby deteriorating the video playback quality.In this paper we propose a new hybrid mesh and...In Peer-to-Peer(P2P) streaming systems,video data may be lost since peers can join and leave the overlay network randomly,thereby deteriorating the video playback quality.In this paper we propose a new hybrid mesh and Distributed Hash Table(DHT) based P2P streaming system,called HQMedia,to provide high playback quality to users by maintaining high data dissemination resilience with a low overhead.In HQMedia,peers are classified into Super Peers(SP) and Common Peers(CP) according to their online time.SPs and CPs form a mesh structure,while SPs alone form a new Streaming DHT(SDHT) structure.In this hybrid architecture,we propose a joint scheduling and compensation mechanism.If any frames cannot be obtained during the scheduling phase,an SDHT-based compensation mechanism is invoked for retrieving the missing frames near the playback point.We evaluate the performance of HQMedia by both theoretical analysis and intensive simulation experiments on large-scale networks to demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed system.Numerical results show that HQMedia significantly outperforms existing mesh-based and treebased P2P live streaming systems by improving playback quality with only less than 1% extra maintenance overhead.展开更多
The dynamics of the globalized multimedia sources and request demands, which requires high computations and bandwidths, makes the IT infrastructure a challenge for live streaming applications. Migrating the system to ...The dynamics of the globalized multimedia sources and request demands, which requires high computations and bandwidths, makes the IT infrastructure a challenge for live streaming applications. Migrating the system to a geo-distributed cloud and leasing servers is an ideal alternative for supporting large-scale live streaming applications with dynamic contents and demands. The new challenge of multimedia live streaming applications in a geo-distributed cloud is how to efficiently arrange and migrate services among different cloud sites to guarantee the distribute users’ experience at modest costs. This paper first investigates cloud leasing policies for live streaming applications and finds that there is no detailed algorithm to help live streaming applications arrange and migrate services among different cloud sites. Then, we present a quality of service（Qo S） guarantee cost-effective cloud leasing policy for live streaming applications. Meanwhile, we design a genetic algorithm（GA） to deal with the leasing policy among cloud sites of diverse lease prices. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed model and the efficiency of the involved GA.展开更多
With the acceleration of global market integration,cross-border e-commerce live streaming has emerged as a new form of international trade,yet scholarly research on its cross-cultural communication remains limited.Thi...With the acceleration of global market integration,cross-border e-commerce live streaming has emerged as a new form of international trade,yet scholarly research on its cross-cultural communication remains limited.This study examines live streaming practices on Amazon and Alibaba International Station to analyze the cross-cultural characteristics of live streaming texts.Effective communication in this context requires anchors to possess solid cultural knowledge,adaptable communicative skills,and an open,inclusive mindset.Drawing on these findings,the paper proposes targeted optimization strategies:strengthening cultural awareness training,localizing live streaming content,and refining both linguistic and non-verbal communication strategies.These measures aim to enable practitioners to better meet the demands of diverse cultural markets,enhance communication effectiveness,and ultimately strengthen competitiveness in the global marketplace.展开更多
The digital world has changed the way we share and consume information through the adoption of social media,shortform video and live streaming.These tools changed how virality works,how audiences act and how content g...The digital world has changed the way we share and consume information through the adoption of social media,shortform video and live streaming.These tools changed how virality works,how audiences act and how content gets created.This article takes a closer look at the dynamics of virality,and how algorithms and crowdsourcing facilitate quick sharing of information while driving the development of misinformation and echo chambers.Likewise,it explores how users interact with content rather than consume it,and explores engagement metrics,gamification and interactivity.The paper also explores how content is personalized,storyboarded,and made in the creator economy,and how creators must strike a fine line between authenticity and algorithmic needs.In looking at them,this paper gives a general outline of the dramatic changes digital technologies will bring to communication and culture,and what ethical questions they raise.Future research should explore trends such as decentralized platforms and AI in content strategies.展开更多
In the realm of live streaming,timely and thoughtful responses play a pivotal role in enhancing user experience–a critical factor in the successful commercialization of live streaming.However,the inundation of user m...In the realm of live streaming,timely and thoughtful responses play a pivotal role in enhancing user experience–a critical factor in the successful commercialization of live streaming.However,the inundation of user messages during live streaming poses a challenge for a streamer,necessitating a strategic approach to selective response.To determine which messages should be given priority for a response,exploring the underlying heterogeneity in user messages is vital.User messages do not contain explicit attitudes for segmentation but contain underlying intentions that can be inferred.Thus,in this study,we first employ a BERT-based text classifier to categorize user messages into two types:ritual messages,indicating socializing intentions,and functional messages,indicating information-seeking intentions.Based on the intention heterogeneity,we then analyze the relationship between two message types and user experience in live streaming and observe that functional messages tend to suggest the dissatisfaction of users.We further explore the influence of streamer responses on user experience with live streaming.Empirical results demonstrate that responses specifically targeted at functional messages have a significant positive impact on user experience,with this effect being moderated by streamer characteristics:gender and historical experience.These findings offer valuable guidance for streamers in tailoring their online response strategies effectively,and contribute to the literature on live streaming,user engagement behavior,and online responses,presenting actionable insights for providers and platforms of online service.展开更多
In the contemporary digital landscape,the proliferation of information has led to an increasing diversity of channels through which consumers obtain information,resulting in a gradual transformation of shopping habits...In the contemporary digital landscape,the proliferation of information has led to an increasing diversity of channels through which consumers obtain information,resulting in a gradual transformation of shopping habits.Consumers now frequently rely on external sources to make well-informed purchasing decisions,leading to the emergence of live shopping as a prominent avenue for gathering product information and completing transactions.E-commerce live streaming has experienced rapid growth,leveraging its ability to generate traffic and capture consumer attention.The integration of content and live streaming not only meets users’psychological needs but also facilitates seamless communication between buyers and sellers.From the perspective of content marketing typologies,this paper examines content marketing across three key dimensions:informational content,entertainment content,and emotional content.It further explores the impact of content marketing on consumers’purchase intentions within the context of e-commerce live streaming.展开更多
Over the past few years,video live streaming has gained immense popularity as a leading internet application.In current solutions offered by cloud service providers,the Group of Pictures(GOP)length of the video source...Over the past few years,video live streaming has gained immense popularity as a leading internet application.In current solutions offered by cloud service providers,the Group of Pictures(GOP)length of the video source often significantly impacts end-to-end(E2E)latency.However,designing an optimized GOP structure to reduce this effect remains a significant challenge.This paper presents two key contributions.First,it explores how the GOP length at the video source influences E2E latency in mainstream cloud streaming services.Experimental results reveal that the mean E2E latency increases linearly with longer GOP lengths.Second,this paper proposes EGOP(an Enhanced GOP structure)that can be implemented in streaming media servers.Experiments demonstrate that EGOP maintains a consistent E2E latency,unaffected by the GOP length of the video source.Specifically,even with a GOP length of 10 s,the E2E latency remains at 1.35 s,achieving a reduction of 6.98 s compared to Volcano-Engine(the live streaming service provider for TikTok).This makes EGOP a promising solution for low-latency live streaming.展开更多
Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)bring more innovation and attraction to outdoor mobile high-definition(HD)live streaming with its unique perspective.Due to the heavy computational requirements of HD live broadcast tasks...Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)bring more innovation and attraction to outdoor mobile high-definition(HD)live streaming with its unique perspective.Due to the heavy computational requirements of HD live broadcast tasks and the limited hardware performance of UAV equipment,how to reduce the system response delay and improve the energy efficiency of terminal equipment directly affects the secure broadcast of the system.Secure task offloading in this scenario is considered a promising solution and has received academic attention.In this paper,we simulate the UAV-aided outdoor mobile HD live streaming scenarios and optimize the relevant task offloading strategies.First,we design the total cost function of task offloading that jointly optimizes secure time latency and energy consumption.Additionally,we propose a collaborative computing model for multi-UAV task offloading.This model combines the idea of simulated annealing(SA)and introduces the compression factor to enhance the particle swarm optimization(PSO)to realize secure task offloading.The simulation results show that the proposed strategy has better performance in balancing network latency and energy consumption.Compared with the discrete teaching–learning-based optimization(DTLBO)and quantum PSO(QPSO)task offloading strategies,the fitness value of the proposed strategy is decreased by an average of 26.73%and 16.42%,respectively.展开更多
In recent years,live streaming has become a popular application,which uses TCP as its primary transport protocol.Quick UDP Internet Connections(QUIC)protocol opens up new opportunities for live streaming.However,how t...In recent years,live streaming has become a popular application,which uses TCP as its primary transport protocol.Quick UDP Internet Connections(QUIC)protocol opens up new opportunities for live streaming.However,how to leverage QUIC to transmit live videos has not been studied yet.This paper first investigates the achievable quality of experience(QoE)of streaming live videos over TCP,QUIC,and their multipath extensions Multipath TCP(MPTCP)and Multipath QUIC(MPQUIC).We observe that MPQUIC achieves the best performance with bandwidth aggregation and transmission reliability.However,network fluctuations may cause heterogeneous paths,high path loss,and band-width degradation,resulting in significant QoE deterioration.Motivated by the above observations,we investigate the multipath packet scheduling problem in live streaming and design 4D-MAP,a multipath adaptive packet scheduling scheme over QUIC.Specifically,a linear upper confidence bound(LinUCB)-based online learning algorithm,along with four novel scheduling mechanisms,i.e.,Dispatch,Duplicate,Discard,and Decompensate,is proposed to conquer the above problems.4D-MAP has been evaluated in both controlled emulation and real-world networks to make comparison with the state-of-the-art multipath transmission schemes.Experimental results reveal that 4D-MAP outperforms others in terms of improving the QoE of live streaming.展开更多
Live streaming e-commerce is not only an important part of China’s digital economy but also the preferred way of purchase for many Chinese,especially the young.Since 2022,a new model initiated by East Buy has emerged...Live streaming e-commerce is not only an important part of China’s digital economy but also the preferred way of purchase for many Chinese,especially the young.Since 2022,a new model initiated by East Buy has emerged,quickly becoming known as knowledge-based live streaming.The most famous streamer from this novel type of live streaming is Dong Yuhui,a former English teacher of the New Oriental School.As a top Internet influencer with millions of followers,Dong Yuhui has become a conspicuous social sign of the rising China that is undergoing fast technological,economic,and cultural changes.This study thus takes Dong Yuhui as an example to examine the typical discourses of the knowledge-based live streaming.Through a triangulation of case study,discourse analysis,and sentiment analysis,it finds that Dong Yuhui mainly employs the strategies of disseminating encyclopedic knowledge,telling intriguing stories,and using poetic language in his live streaming discourse.This unique discourse has the main function of fulfilling customers’intellectual,emotional,and psychological needs.As such,it is warmly received by customers,whose comments are centered on the talents of the streamer rather than the attributes of the commodity.展开更多
In recent years,with the rapid development and popularization of Internet information technology,many new media platforms have risen rapidly,and major e-commerce companies have begun to explore the mode of livestreami...In recent years,with the rapid development and popularization of Internet information technology,many new media platforms have risen rapidly,and major e-commerce companies have begun to explore the mode of livestreaming.Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic,due to the lockdown,live-streaming has become an important means of economic development in many places.Owing to its remarkable characteristics of timeliness,entertainment,and interactivity,it has become the latest and trendiest sales mode of e-commerce channels,reflecting huge economic potential and commercial value.This article analyzes two models and their characteristics of live-streaming sales from a practical perspective.Based on this,it outlines consumer purchasing decisions and the factors that affect consumer purchasing decisions under the live-streaming sales model.Finally,it discusses targeted suggestions for using the live-streaming sales model to expand the consumer market,hoping to promote the healthy and steady development of the live-streaming sales industry.展开更多
Live streaming is a booming industry in China,involving an increasing number of Internet users.Previous studies show that trust is a cornerstone to develop ecommerce.Trust in the streaming industry is different from t...Live streaming is a booming industry in China,involving an increasing number of Internet users.Previous studies show that trust is a cornerstone to develop ecommerce.Trust in the streaming industry is different from that of other e-commerce areas.There are two major dimensions of trust in the live streaming context:platform trust and cewebrity trust,which are both important for customers to adopt and reuse a specific live streaming service.We collected questionnaire data from 520 participates who have used live streaming services in China.We model the collected data and identified factors that can influence users’propensity by an extended technology acceptance model(TAM)method.According to our analysis,both cewebrity trust and platform trust will greatly influence users’intention to reuse a certain platform.Moreover,results also indicate that cewebrity trust is far more important than platform trust.These findings can lead to several management strategies to improve the adherence of users to streaming platforms.展开更多
Live streaming has grown rapidly in recent years, attracting increasingly more participation. As the number of online anchors is large, it is difficult for viewers to find the anchors they are interested in. Therefore...Live streaming has grown rapidly in recent years, attracting increasingly more participation. As the number of online anchors is large, it is difficult for viewers to find the anchors they are interested in. Therefore, a personalized recommendation system is important for live streaming platforms. On live streaming platforms, the viewer’s and anchor’s preferences are dynamically changing over time. How to capture the user’s preference change is extensively studied in the literature, but how to model the viewer’s and anchor’s preference changes and how to learn their representations based on their preference matching are less studied. Taking these issues into consideration, in this paper, we propose a deep sequential model for live streaming recommendation. We develop a component named the multi-head related-unit in the model to capture the preference matching between anchor and viewer and extract related features for their representations. To evaluate the performance of our proposed model, we conduct experiments on real datasets, and the results show that our proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art recommendation models.展开更多
The design of piece scheduling algorithm is fundamental in mesh-based peer-to-peer （P2P） live streaming systems. This article regards the piece propagation process in P2P live streaming system as a conflict process,...The design of piece scheduling algorithm is fundamental in mesh-based peer-to-peer （P2P） live streaming systems. This article regards the piece propagation process in P2P live streaming system as a conflict process, where peers compete to get the piece as soon as possible to meet the tight timing requirement of the live system. In this vision, the authors reduce the piece scheduling problem as a conflict resolution problem, and propose a blind random scheduling method to resolve it. The algorithm can be described as： 1） pieces are scheduled independently; 2） conflicts are resolved by the random back off algorithm. The theoretical analysis and simulation results prove that the algorithm scales well with the network size, and can obtain near-optimal in-time delivery of pieces. The algorithm is also easy to implement in the real-world system.展开更多
文摘With the rise of live streaming on social media, platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube have become powerful business tools. They enable users to share live videos, fostering direct connections between businesses and their customers. This critical literature review paper explores the impact of live streaming on businesses, focusing on its role in attracting and satisfying consumers by promoting products tailored to their needs and wants. It emphasizes live streaming’s crucial role in engaging customers, a key to business growth. The study also provides viable strategies for businesses to leverage live streaming for growth and customer engagement, underscoring its importance in the business landscape.
文摘Analyze the compatibility between cosmetics and live streaming e-commerce from its own nature,marketing means and supply chain characteristics.According to the prominent problems,sort out the relationship between all parties in the cosmetics live e-commerce industry chain.Combined with the latest regulatory policies of live streaming e-commerce and cosmetics,the responsibilities of different subjects in cosmetics live streaming e-commerce are summarized,and relevant suggestions and countermeasures are put forward for the standardization and development of live streaming e-commerce.Cosmetics brand owners are the first responsible persons for product quality.Anchors,as a mixed identity between intermediary,advertising spokesperson and operator,should bear stricter joint and several liability when recommending products related to consumers’health.If anchors fail to clearly identify themselves in the recommendation process,thus causing consumers to mistake them for the operator of the cosmetics,they should assume the obligations of the operator.
基金Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Key Projects for Science and Technology Development under Caant No. 2009ZX03004-002 the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Gants No. 60833002, No. 60772142+1 种基金 the National Science and Technology Fundamental Project under Grant No. 2008ZX03003-005 the Science ＆ Technology Research Project of Chongqing Education Committee under Crant No. KJ120825.
文摘Video data location plays a key role for Peer-to-Peer （P2P） live streaming applications. In this paper, we propose a new one-hop Distributed Hash Table （DHT） lookup frarrework called Strearre ing-DHT （SDHT） to provide efficient video data location service. By adopting an enhanced events dissemination mechanism-EDRA＋, the accuracy of routing table at peers can be guaranteed. More importantly, in order to enhance the perforlmnce of video data lookup operation without incurring extra overhead, we design a so-called Distributed Index Mapping and Management Mechanism （DIMM） for SDHT. Both analytical modeling and intensive simulation experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of SDHT framework. Numerical results show that almost 90% requested video data can be retrieved within one second in SDHT based systems, and SDHT needs only 26% average bandwidth consumption when compared with similar one-hop DHT solutions such as D1HT. This indicates that SDHT framework is an appropriate data lookup solution for time-sensitive network applications such as P2P live streaming.
基金supported by National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(2009CB320504)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60821001)+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Commission of Education to build the project special,Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20090005120012)National Natural Science Foundation (60672121)
文摘Pull-based P2P live streaming is a promising solution for the large scale streaming systems, like PPStream, PPlive, due to its high scalability, low cost and high resilience. However, they usually suffer from bad delay performance. In this paper, we seek to improve the delay performance under ensuring video display quality stemming from chunk scheduling. And so we model Pull-based chunk scheduling problem as a multi-objective optimization problem to minimize the video delay and maximize video display quality in the environment of heterogeneous upload bandwidths, heterogeneous and dynamic propagation delays. Finally we put up with a greedy Pull-based scheduling approach(GPSA) to solve the optimization problem. The evaluation shows GPSA can outperform two classical chunk scheduling approaches and adapt to dynamic variance of propagation delays.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB315801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.6157060397)
文摘The prevalence of smart phone and improvement of wireless net promote the usage of crowdsourced live streaming,where individual users act as live streaming sources to broadcast themselves online. Characterizing the performance and identifying its bottleneck in such systems can shed light on the system design and performance optimization. TCP performance of a commercial crowdsourced live streaming system is examined by analyzing packet-level traces collected at streaming servers. TCP stalls that heavily hurt the Qo E of user have been identified. In particular,the TCP stalls account for as much as 31. 6% of the flow completion time for upload flows and result in abandonment of upload on the corresponding channels. Stalls caused by timeout retransmissions are further dissected and timeout retransmission characteristics are revealed to be dependent on the video encoding methods. These findings provide new insights in crowdsourced live streaming systems and can guide designers to improve the TCP efficiency.
基金supported by the grant from the National Social Science Fund of China(Grant No.:19BGL262).
文摘In e-commerce live streaming,sellers choose the most suitable streamers to endorse their products.The streamer introduces the main functions of the goods,organizes marketing activities,improves the consumers’shopping experience,and finally facilitates transactions and obtains gifts.However,the formation mechanism of guanxi between streamers and consumers remain unclear.Based on affordance theory,this study uses structural equations to empirically study the decision-making mechanism of consumer gift-giving and purchase behavior in ecommerce live streaming.The study finds that affective affordance and cognitive affordance have positive impacts on swift guanxi;swift guanxi is an antecedent of consumers’purchase intention and gift-giving intention.
基金supported by the National Programs for Science and Technology under Grant No. 2009ZX03004-002the National Natural Science Foundation of China Major Project under Grant No. 60833002+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60772142the National Science and Technology Major Projects under Grant No. 2008ZX03003-005the Science and Technology Research Project of Chongqing Education Commission under Grant No. KJ120825
文摘In Peer-to-Peer(P2P) streaming systems,video data may be lost since peers can join and leave the overlay network randomly,thereby deteriorating the video playback quality.In this paper we propose a new hybrid mesh and Distributed Hash Table(DHT) based P2P streaming system,called HQMedia,to provide high playback quality to users by maintaining high data dissemination resilience with a low overhead.In HQMedia,peers are classified into Super Peers(SP) and Common Peers(CP) according to their online time.SPs and CPs form a mesh structure,while SPs alone form a new Streaming DHT(SDHT) structure.In this hybrid architecture,we propose a joint scheduling and compensation mechanism.If any frames cannot be obtained during the scheduling phase,an SDHT-based compensation mechanism is invoked for retrieving the missing frames near the playback point.We evaluate the performance of HQMedia by both theoretical analysis and intensive simulation experiments on large-scale networks to demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed system.Numerical results show that HQMedia significantly outperforms existing mesh-based and treebased P2P live streaming systems by improving playback quality with only less than 1% extra maintenance overhead.
基金Supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan Period(2015BAK27B02)
文摘The dynamics of the globalized multimedia sources and request demands, which requires high computations and bandwidths, makes the IT infrastructure a challenge for live streaming applications. Migrating the system to a geo-distributed cloud and leasing servers is an ideal alternative for supporting large-scale live streaming applications with dynamic contents and demands. The new challenge of multimedia live streaming applications in a geo-distributed cloud is how to efficiently arrange and migrate services among different cloud sites to guarantee the distribute users’ experience at modest costs. This paper first investigates cloud leasing policies for live streaming applications and finds that there is no detailed algorithm to help live streaming applications arrange and migrate services among different cloud sites. Then, we present a quality of service（Qo S） guarantee cost-effective cloud leasing policy for live streaming applications. Meanwhile, we design a genetic algorithm（GA） to deal with the leasing policy among cloud sites of diverse lease prices. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed model and the efficiency of the involved GA.
文摘With the acceleration of global market integration,cross-border e-commerce live streaming has emerged as a new form of international trade,yet scholarly research on its cross-cultural communication remains limited.This study examines live streaming practices on Amazon and Alibaba International Station to analyze the cross-cultural characteristics of live streaming texts.Effective communication in this context requires anchors to possess solid cultural knowledge,adaptable communicative skills,and an open,inclusive mindset.Drawing on these findings,the paper proposes targeted optimization strategies:strengthening cultural awareness training,localizing live streaming content,and refining both linguistic and non-verbal communication strategies.These measures aim to enable practitioners to better meet the demands of diverse cultural markets,enhance communication effectiveness,and ultimately strengthen competitiveness in the global marketplace.
文摘The digital world has changed the way we share and consume information through the adoption of social media,shortform video and live streaming.These tools changed how virality works,how audiences act and how content gets created.This article takes a closer look at the dynamics of virality,and how algorithms and crowdsourcing facilitate quick sharing of information while driving the development of misinformation and echo chambers.Likewise,it explores how users interact with content rather than consume it,and explores engagement metrics,gamification and interactivity.The paper also explores how content is personalized,storyboarded,and made in the creator economy,and how creators must strike a fine line between authenticity and algorithmic needs.In looking at them,this paper gives a general outline of the dramatic changes digital technologies will bring to communication and culture,and what ethical questions they raise.Future research should explore trends such as decentralized platforms and AI in content strategies.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC),under Grant Nos 72442016,72202221,72472151 and 72072177.
文摘In the realm of live streaming,timely and thoughtful responses play a pivotal role in enhancing user experience–a critical factor in the successful commercialization of live streaming.However,the inundation of user messages during live streaming poses a challenge for a streamer,necessitating a strategic approach to selective response.To determine which messages should be given priority for a response,exploring the underlying heterogeneity in user messages is vital.User messages do not contain explicit attitudes for segmentation but contain underlying intentions that can be inferred.Thus,in this study,we first employ a BERT-based text classifier to categorize user messages into two types:ritual messages,indicating socializing intentions,and functional messages,indicating information-seeking intentions.Based on the intention heterogeneity,we then analyze the relationship between two message types and user experience in live streaming and observe that functional messages tend to suggest the dissatisfaction of users.We further explore the influence of streamer responses on user experience with live streaming.Empirical results demonstrate that responses specifically targeted at functional messages have a significant positive impact on user experience,with this effect being moderated by streamer characteristics:gender and historical experience.These findings offer valuable guidance for streamers in tailoring their online response strategies effectively,and contribute to the literature on live streaming,user engagement behavior,and online responses,presenting actionable insights for providers and platforms of online service.
文摘In the contemporary digital landscape,the proliferation of information has led to an increasing diversity of channels through which consumers obtain information,resulting in a gradual transformation of shopping habits.Consumers now frequently rely on external sources to make well-informed purchasing decisions,leading to the emergence of live shopping as a prominent avenue for gathering product information and completing transactions.E-commerce live streaming has experienced rapid growth,leveraging its ability to generate traffic and capture consumer attention.The integration of content and live streaming not only meets users’psychological needs but also facilitates seamless communication between buyers and sellers.From the perspective of content marketing typologies,this paper examines content marketing across three key dimensions:informational content,entertainment content,and emotional content.It further explores the impact of content marketing on consumers’purchase intentions within the context of e-commerce live streaming.
基金supported by Henan Province Major Science and Technology Project(241100210100).
文摘Over the past few years,video live streaming has gained immense popularity as a leading internet application.In current solutions offered by cloud service providers,the Group of Pictures(GOP)length of the video source often significantly impacts end-to-end(E2E)latency.However,designing an optimized GOP structure to reduce this effect remains a significant challenge.This paper presents two key contributions.First,it explores how the GOP length at the video source influences E2E latency in mainstream cloud streaming services.Experimental results reveal that the mean E2E latency increases linearly with longer GOP lengths.Second,this paper proposes EGOP(an Enhanced GOP structure)that can be implemented in streaming media servers.Experiments demonstrate that EGOP maintains a consistent E2E latency,unaffected by the GOP length of the video source.Specifically,even with a GOP length of 10 s,the E2E latency remains at 1.35 s,achieving a reduction of 6.98 s compared to Volcano-Engine(the live streaming service provider for TikTok).This makes EGOP a promising solution for low-latency live streaming.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62271454 and 62171119).
文摘Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)bring more innovation and attraction to outdoor mobile high-definition(HD)live streaming with its unique perspective.Due to the heavy computational requirements of HD live broadcast tasks and the limited hardware performance of UAV equipment,how to reduce the system response delay and improve the energy efficiency of terminal equipment directly affects the secure broadcast of the system.Secure task offloading in this scenario is considered a promising solution and has received academic attention.In this paper,we simulate the UAV-aided outdoor mobile HD live streaming scenarios and optimize the relevant task offloading strategies.First,we design the total cost function of task offloading that jointly optimizes secure time latency and energy consumption.Additionally,we propose a collaborative computing model for multi-UAV task offloading.This model combines the idea of simulated annealing(SA)and introduces the compression factor to enhance the particle swarm optimization(PSO)to realize secure task offloading.The simulation results show that the proposed strategy has better performance in balancing network latency and energy consumption.Compared with the discrete teaching–learning-based optimization(DTLBO)and quantum PSO(QPSO)task offloading strategies,the fitness value of the proposed strategy is decreased by an average of 26.73%and 16.42%,respectively.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62102430the Hunan Young Talents under Grant No.2020RC3027+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China under Grant No.2021JJ40688the Training Program for Excellent Young Innovators of Changsha under Grant No.kq2206001the Science Research Plan Program by National University of Defense Technology under Grant No.ZK22-50。
文摘In recent years,live streaming has become a popular application,which uses TCP as its primary transport protocol.Quick UDP Internet Connections(QUIC)protocol opens up new opportunities for live streaming.However,how to leverage QUIC to transmit live videos has not been studied yet.This paper first investigates the achievable quality of experience(QoE)of streaming live videos over TCP,QUIC,and their multipath extensions Multipath TCP(MPTCP)and Multipath QUIC(MPQUIC).We observe that MPQUIC achieves the best performance with bandwidth aggregation and transmission reliability.However,network fluctuations may cause heterogeneous paths,high path loss,and band-width degradation,resulting in significant QoE deterioration.Motivated by the above observations,we investigate the multipath packet scheduling problem in live streaming and design 4D-MAP,a multipath adaptive packet scheduling scheme over QUIC.Specifically,a linear upper confidence bound(LinUCB)-based online learning algorithm,along with four novel scheduling mechanisms,i.e.,Dispatch,Duplicate,Discard,and Decompensate,is proposed to conquer the above problems.4D-MAP has been evaluated in both controlled emulation and real-world networks to make comparison with the state-of-the-art multipath transmission schemes.Experimental results reveal that 4D-MAP outperforms others in terms of improving the QoE of live streaming.
基金funded by the Philosophical and Social Sciences Research Projects in Jiangsu-based Universities (No.2020SJA1362)the Humanities and Social Sciences Interdisciplinary Research Team of Soochow University (No.5033720623)the 2023 Teaching Reform Project of Soochow University Building an Innovative Curriculum for English Majors by Emphasizing International Communication and Moral Integrity.
文摘Live streaming e-commerce is not only an important part of China’s digital economy but also the preferred way of purchase for many Chinese,especially the young.Since 2022,a new model initiated by East Buy has emerged,quickly becoming known as knowledge-based live streaming.The most famous streamer from this novel type of live streaming is Dong Yuhui,a former English teacher of the New Oriental School.As a top Internet influencer with millions of followers,Dong Yuhui has become a conspicuous social sign of the rising China that is undergoing fast technological,economic,and cultural changes.This study thus takes Dong Yuhui as an example to examine the typical discourses of the knowledge-based live streaming.Through a triangulation of case study,discourse analysis,and sentiment analysis,it finds that Dong Yuhui mainly employs the strategies of disseminating encyclopedic knowledge,telling intriguing stories,and using poetic language in his live streaming discourse.This unique discourse has the main function of fulfilling customers’intellectual,emotional,and psychological needs.As such,it is warmly received by customers,whose comments are centered on the talents of the streamer rather than the attributes of the commodity.
文摘In recent years,with the rapid development and popularization of Internet information technology,many new media platforms have risen rapidly,and major e-commerce companies have begun to explore the mode of livestreaming.Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic,due to the lockdown,live-streaming has become an important means of economic development in many places.Owing to its remarkable characteristics of timeliness,entertainment,and interactivity,it has become the latest and trendiest sales mode of e-commerce channels,reflecting huge economic potential and commercial value.This article analyzes two models and their characteristics of live-streaming sales from a practical perspective.Based on this,it outlines consumer purchasing decisions and the factors that affect consumer purchasing decisions under the live-streaming sales model.Finally,it discusses targeted suggestions for using the live-streaming sales model to expand the consumer market,hoping to promote the healthy and steady development of the live-streaming sales industry.
基金This study was supported by National Social Science Foundation(Project No:12CGL046).
文摘Live streaming is a booming industry in China,involving an increasing number of Internet users.Previous studies show that trust is a cornerstone to develop ecommerce.Trust in the streaming industry is different from that of other e-commerce areas.There are two major dimensions of trust in the live streaming context:platform trust and cewebrity trust,which are both important for customers to adopt and reuse a specific live streaming service.We collected questionnaire data from 520 participates who have used live streaming services in China.We model the collected data and identified factors that can influence users’propensity by an extended technology acceptance model(TAM)method.According to our analysis,both cewebrity trust and platform trust will greatly influence users’intention to reuse a certain platform.Moreover,results also indicate that cewebrity trust is far more important than platform trust.These findings can lead to several management strategies to improve the adherence of users to streaming platforms.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.71771131 and U1711262)
文摘Live streaming has grown rapidly in recent years, attracting increasingly more participation. As the number of online anchors is large, it is difficult for viewers to find the anchors they are interested in. Therefore, a personalized recommendation system is important for live streaming platforms. On live streaming platforms, the viewer’s and anchor’s preferences are dynamically changing over time. How to capture the user’s preference change is extensively studied in the literature, but how to model the viewer’s and anchor’s preference changes and how to learn their representations based on their preference matching are less studied. Taking these issues into consideration, in this paper, we propose a deep sequential model for live streaming recommendation. We develop a component named the multi-head related-unit in the model to capture the preference matching between anchor and viewer and extract related features for their representations. To evaluate the performance of our proposed model, we conduct experiments on real datasets, and the results show that our proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art recommendation models.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB307101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60672069,60772043)
文摘The design of piece scheduling algorithm is fundamental in mesh-based peer-to-peer （P2P） live streaming systems. This article regards the piece propagation process in P2P live streaming system as a conflict process, where peers compete to get the piece as soon as possible to meet the tight timing requirement of the live system. In this vision, the authors reduce the piece scheduling problem as a conflict resolution problem, and propose a blind random scheduling method to resolve it. The algorithm can be described as： 1） pieces are scheduled independently; 2） conflicts are resolved by the random back off algorithm. The theoretical analysis and simulation results prove that the algorithm scales well with the network size, and can obtain near-optimal in-time delivery of pieces. The algorithm is also easy to implement in the real-world system.
