1 Introduction The conflict between resources and the environment has been increasingly outstanding as the population,economy and society around the globe have developed rapidly since the 21st century.An important cha...1 Introduction The conflict between resources and the environment has been increasingly outstanding as the population,economy and society around the globe have developed rapidly since the 21st century.An important challenge that the human展开更多
This article gives an introductory exposition of the growing demands of lithium on the market against the background of current rapid S&Tprogress and booming economic development, the worldwide trend in the produc...This article gives an introductory exposition of the growing demands of lithium on the market against the background of current rapid S&Tprogress and booming economic development, the worldwide trend in the production of lithium salts and the rich lithium reserves in China’s salt lakes as well as the brilliant prospects for its exploitation in the future. The article proposes that a sustainable exploitation of the lithium trove from these salt lakes should be rooted in comprehensive utilization of the trove and take a long-term approach, emphasizing high value proliferation in developing quality lithium-based products. Also, it expresses some tentative ideas on building demonstration bases for all-round exploitation and utilization of the salt lake resources and the development of lithium cells.展开更多
Based on the survey of saline lacustrine shales in the Permian Lucaogou Formation and Fengcheng Formation in the Junggar Basin,it is found that the sweet intervals of these shale oil strata are enriched with lithium.I...Based on the survey of saline lacustrine shales in the Permian Lucaogou Formation and Fengcheng Formation in the Junggar Basin,it is found that the sweet intervals of these shale oil strata are enriched with lithium.In certain intervals,lithium contents reach up to 700μg/g,with produced water concentrations estimated to 517.2μg/g—an underexplored resource with considerable potential that has yet to receive adequate attention.The sedimentary environment,depositional process,and geochemical characteristics of these intervals were analyzed,indicating that lithium enrichment in saline lacustrine shale is controlled by multiple factors during deposition and diagenesis.The salinity of lake water during sedimentation plays a key role in lithium accumulation,with lithium primarily concentrated in carbonate-rich intervals,and diagenesis further affects its distribution.To assess the potential for lithium co-production in shale oil development,future research should be based on the enrichment mechanisms of lithium and hydrocarbons in lacustrine shales,predict the distribution patterns of oil and lithium-rich intervals,and evaluate the economic feasibility of an“oil-lithium integrated sweet spot”.Efficient lithium extraction and environmental protection technologies need to be explored to optimize resource development.Saline lacustrine shale oil development not only ensures stable oil and gas supplies but also,if lithium co-production is realized,could enhance China’s lithium security,contributing significantly to the country’s energy transformation.展开更多
Lithium resources support the development of high-technology industries. China has abundant lithium resources which are mainly distributed in Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan and Jiangxi. Salt lakes in China have significant l...Lithium resources support the development of high-technology industries. China has abundant lithium resources which are mainly distributed in Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan and Jiangxi. Salt lakes in China have significant lithium reserves, but lithium is mainly produced from hard rock lithium deposits because the extraction from salt lakes requires further improvements. The hard rock lithium deposits mainly occur in granitic pegmatite in the Altay region of Xinjiang and the Jiajika deposit in western Sichuan Province; they mainly formed in the Mesozoic and occurred in a relatively stable stage during orogenic processes. On the basis of the information from 151 lithium deposits or spots, 14 lithium metallogenic series were identified, and granitic pegmatite, granite, and sedimentary types were considered to be the main prediction types of lithium resources. Twelve lithium mineralization belts were divided and a series of maps showing the lithium metallogenetic regularity in China were drawn. We conclude that the hard rock and brine type of lithium resources possibly have a similar lithium source related to magmatism. The mctallogenic features of the lithium in China were related with the distinct history of tectonic-magmatic activity in China. This study benefits the assessment of, and prospecting for, lithium resources in China.展开更多
Effective extraction of lithium from high Mg2+/Li+ratio brine lakes is of great challenge.In this work,organic–inorganic hybrid silica nanofiltration(NF)membranes were prepared by dip-coating a 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl...Effective extraction of lithium from high Mg2+/Li+ratio brine lakes is of great challenge.In this work,organic–inorganic hybrid silica nanofiltration(NF)membranes were prepared by dip-coating a 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane(BTESE)-derived separation layer on tubular TiO2 support,for efficient separation of LiC l and MgCl2 salt solutions.We found that the membrane calcinated at 400°C(M1–400)could exhibit a narrow pore size distribution(0.63–1.66 nm)owing to the dehydroxylation and the thermal degradation of the organic bridge groups.All as-prepared membranes exhibited higher rejections to LiCl than to MgCl2,which was attributed to the negative charge of the membrane surfaces.The rejection for LiCl and MgCl2 followed the order:LiCl N MgCl2,revealing that Donnan exclusion effect dominated the salt rejection mechanism.In addition,the triplecoated membrane calcined at 400°C(M3–400)exhibited a permeability of about 9.5 L·m-2·h-1·bar-1 for LiCl or MgCl2 solutions,with rejections of 74.7%and 20.3%to LiCl and MgCl2,respectively,under the transmembrane pressure at 6 bar.Compared with the previously reported performance of NF membranes for Mg2+/Li+separation,the overall performance of M3–400 is highly competitive.Therefore,this work may provide new insight into designing robust silica-based ceramic NF membranes with negative charge for efficient lithium extraction from salt lakes.展开更多
In April 2022,then-President of Mexico Andrés Manuel López Obrador officially implemented the lithium resources nationalization law and established the state-owned enterprise LitioMx to oversee their explora...In April 2022,then-President of Mexico Andrés Manuel López Obrador officially implemented the lithium resources nationalization law and established the state-owned enterprise LitioMx to oversee their exploration,extraction,and processing.His successor,Claudia Sheinbaum,reaffirmed this assertive resource governance policy in October 2024.As a direct consequence,the operations of the Chinese firm,Ganfeng Lithium in Mexico,experienced significant disruption.展开更多
文摘1 Introduction The conflict between resources and the environment has been increasingly outstanding as the population,economy and society around the globe have developed rapidly since the 21st century.An important challenge that the human
文摘This article gives an introductory exposition of the growing demands of lithium on the market against the background of current rapid S&Tprogress and booming economic development, the worldwide trend in the production of lithium salts and the rich lithium reserves in China’s salt lakes as well as the brilliant prospects for its exploitation in the future. The article proposes that a sustainable exploitation of the lithium trove from these salt lakes should be rooted in comprehensive utilization of the trove and take a long-term approach, emphasizing high value proliferation in developing quality lithium-based products. Also, it expresses some tentative ideas on building demonstration bases for all-round exploitation and utilization of the salt lake resources and the development of lithium cells.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42090021).
文摘Based on the survey of saline lacustrine shales in the Permian Lucaogou Formation and Fengcheng Formation in the Junggar Basin,it is found that the sweet intervals of these shale oil strata are enriched with lithium.In certain intervals,lithium contents reach up to 700μg/g,with produced water concentrations estimated to 517.2μg/g—an underexplored resource with considerable potential that has yet to receive adequate attention.The sedimentary environment,depositional process,and geochemical characteristics of these intervals were analyzed,indicating that lithium enrichment in saline lacustrine shale is controlled by multiple factors during deposition and diagenesis.The salinity of lake water during sedimentation plays a key role in lithium accumulation,with lithium primarily concentrated in carbonate-rich intervals,and diagenesis further affects its distribution.To assess the potential for lithium co-production in shale oil development,future research should be based on the enrichment mechanisms of lithium and hydrocarbons in lacustrine shales,predict the distribution patterns of oil and lithium-rich intervals,and evaluate the economic feasibility of an“oil-lithium integrated sweet spot”.Efficient lithium extraction and environmental protection technologies need to be explored to optimize resource development.Saline lacustrine shale oil development not only ensures stable oil and gas supplies but also,if lithium co-production is realized,could enhance China’s lithium security,contributing significantly to the country’s energy transformation.
基金supported by the National NaturalScience Foundation of China (grant no.41372088)the China Geological Survey Program (grant no.1212011220805,1212011121037,12120114039601,1212011220369)the Chinese National Non-profit Institute Research Grant of CAGS-IMR (K1409)
文摘Lithium resources support the development of high-technology industries. China has abundant lithium resources which are mainly distributed in Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan and Jiangxi. Salt lakes in China have significant lithium reserves, but lithium is mainly produced from hard rock lithium deposits because the extraction from salt lakes requires further improvements. The hard rock lithium deposits mainly occur in granitic pegmatite in the Altay region of Xinjiang and the Jiajika deposit in western Sichuan Province; they mainly formed in the Mesozoic and occurred in a relatively stable stage during orogenic processes. On the basis of the information from 151 lithium deposits or spots, 14 lithium metallogenic series were identified, and granitic pegmatite, granite, and sedimentary types were considered to be the main prediction types of lithium resources. Twelve lithium mineralization belts were divided and a series of maps showing the lithium metallogenetic regularity in China were drawn. We conclude that the hard rock and brine type of lithium resources possibly have a similar lithium source related to magmatism. The mctallogenic features of the lithium in China were related with the distinct history of tectonic-magmatic activity in China. This study benefits the assessment of, and prospecting for, lithium resources in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21490581)the China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation Limited Project(317008-6)+1 种基金the Innovation Driven Development Special Fund Project of Guangxi Province(AA17204092)the Project of Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘Effective extraction of lithium from high Mg2+/Li+ratio brine lakes is of great challenge.In this work,organic–inorganic hybrid silica nanofiltration(NF)membranes were prepared by dip-coating a 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane(BTESE)-derived separation layer on tubular TiO2 support,for efficient separation of LiC l and MgCl2 salt solutions.We found that the membrane calcinated at 400°C(M1–400)could exhibit a narrow pore size distribution(0.63–1.66 nm)owing to the dehydroxylation and the thermal degradation of the organic bridge groups.All as-prepared membranes exhibited higher rejections to LiCl than to MgCl2,which was attributed to the negative charge of the membrane surfaces.The rejection for LiCl and MgCl2 followed the order:LiCl N MgCl2,revealing that Donnan exclusion effect dominated the salt rejection mechanism.In addition,the triplecoated membrane calcined at 400°C(M3–400)exhibited a permeability of about 9.5 L·m-2·h-1·bar-1 for LiCl or MgCl2 solutions,with rejections of 74.7%and 20.3%to LiCl and MgCl2,respectively,under the transmembrane pressure at 6 bar.Compared with the previously reported performance of NF membranes for Mg2+/Li+separation,the overall performance of M3–400 is highly competitive.Therefore,this work may provide new insight into designing robust silica-based ceramic NF membranes with negative charge for efficient lithium extraction from salt lakes.
文摘In April 2022,then-President of Mexico Andrés Manuel López Obrador officially implemented the lithium resources nationalization law and established the state-owned enterprise LitioMx to oversee their exploration,extraction,and processing.His successor,Claudia Sheinbaum,reaffirmed this assertive resource governance policy in October 2024.As a direct consequence,the operations of the Chinese firm,Ganfeng Lithium in Mexico,experienced significant disruption.
