Lithium metal has emerged as a highly promising anode material for enhancing the energy density of secondary batteries,attributed to its high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential.However,saf...Lithium metal has emerged as a highly promising anode material for enhancing the energy density of secondary batteries,attributed to its high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential.However,safety concerns related to lithium dendrite-induced short circuits and suboptimal electrochemical performance have impeded the commercial viability of lithium metal batteries.Current research efforts primarily focus on altering the solvated structure of Li+by modifying the current collector or introducing electrolyte additives to lower the nucleation barrier,expedite the desolvation process,and suppress the growth of lithium dendrites.Nevertheless,an integrated approach that combines the advantages of these two strategies remains elusive.In this study,we successfully employed metal-organic salt additives with lithophilic properties to accelerate the desolvation process,reduce the nucleation barrier of Li+,and modulate its solvated structure.This approach enhanced the inorganic compound content in the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)on lithium foil surfaces,leading to stable Li+deposition and stripping.Specifically,Li||Cu cells demonstrated excellent cycle life and Coulombic efficiency(97.28%and 98.59%,respectively)at 0.5 m A/cm^(2)@0.5 m Ah/cm^(2)and 1 m A/cm^(2)@1 m Ah/cm^(2)for 410 and 240 cycles,respectively.Li||Li symmetrical cells showed no short circuit at 1 m A/cm^(2)@1 m Ah/cm^(2)for 1150 h,and Li||LFP full cells retained 68.9%of their capacity(104.6 m Ah/g)after 250 cycles at N/P(1.1:1.0)with a current density of 1C.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)are considered as the most promising energy storage technologies owing to their large theoretical energy density(2500Wh/kg)and specific capacity(1675 mAh/g).However,the heavy shuttle effe...Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)are considered as the most promising energy storage technologies owing to their large theoretical energy density(2500Wh/kg)and specific capacity(1675 mAh/g).However,the heavy shuttle effect of polysulfides and the growth of lithium dendrites greatly hinder their further development and commercial application.In this paper,cobalt-molybdenum bimetallic carbides heterostructure(Co_(6)Mo_(6)C_(2)@Co@NC)was successfully prepared through chemical etching procedure of ZIF-67 precursor with sodium molybdate and the subsequent high temperature annealing process.The obtained dodecahedral Co_(6)Mo_(6)C_(2)@Co@NC with hollow and porous structure provides large specific surface area and plentiful active sites,which speeds up the chemisorption and catalytic conversion of polysulfides,thus mitigating the shuttle effect of polysulfides and the generation of lithium dendrites.When applied as the LSBs separator modifier layer,the cell with modified separator present excellent rate capability and durable cycling stability.In particular,the cell with Co_(6)Mo_(6)C_(2)@Co@NC/PP separator can maintain the high capacity of 738 mAh/g at the current density of 2 C and the specific capacity of 782.6 mAh/g after 300 cycles at 0.5 C,with the coulombic efficiency(CE)near to 100%.Moreover,the Co_(6)Mo_(6)C_(2)@Co@NC/PP battery exhibits the impressive capacity of 431 mAh/g in high sulfur loading(4.096 mg/cm^(2))at 0.5 C after 200 cycles.This work paves the way for the development of bimetallic carbides heterostructure multifunctional catalysts for durable Li-S battery applications and reveals the synergistic regulation of polysulfides and lithium dendrites through the optimization of the structure and composition.展开更多
The uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites and accumulation of"dead lithium"upon cycling are among the main obstacles that hinder the widespread application of lithium metal anodes.Herein,an ionic liquid(I...The uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites and accumulation of"dead lithium"upon cycling are among the main obstacles that hinder the widespread application of lithium metal anodes.Herein,an ionic liquid(IL)consisting of 1-methyl-1-propylpiperidinium cation(Pp_(13)^+) and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anion(FSI^(-)),was chosen as the additive in propylene carbonate(PC)-based liquid electrolytes to circumvent the shortcoming of lithium metal anodes.The optimal 1%Pp_(13) FSI acts as the role of electrostatic shielding,lithiophobic effect and participating in the formation of solid electrolyte interface(SEI)layer with enhanced properties.The in-situ optical microscopy records that the addition of IL can effectively inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites and the corrosion of lithium anode.This study delivers an effective modification to optimize electrolytes for stable lithium metal batteries.展开更多
Solid-state polymer electrolytes are considered as an alternative to classic liquid electrolytes,particularly for application in highenergy lithium metal batteries.With respect to common dual-ion conductors,single-ion...Solid-state polymer electrolytes are considered as an alternative to classic liquid electrolytes,particularly for application in highenergy lithium metal batteries.With respect to common dual-ion conductors,single-ion conducting polymer electrolytes(SICPEs)are less affected by lithium dendrites growth and thus are particularly interesting for application in lithium metal batteries.In this work,novel SIC-PEs are developed,based on an ionomer having poly(ethylene-alt-maleimide)backbone and lithium phenylsulfonyl(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide pendant moieties,further blended with poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)and poly(ethylene glycol)dimethyl ether(PEGDME).These SIC-PEs exhibit ionic conductivity around~7×10^(−6)S·cm^(−1) at 70℃,lithium transference number close to unity,and excellent mechanical properties,with fracture toughness over 30 J·cm^(−3).Additionally,the electrolytes show very high resistance against lithium dendrites growth,by cycling for more than 1200 h in Li°symmetric cells at a current density of 0.1 mA·cm^(−2).LiFePO4||Li°cells with these SIC-PEs were cycled at 70℃ and C/10,showing initial capacity of almost 160 mAh·g^(−1)and residual capacity of 45%after 100 cycles.This work shows that single-ion conducting polymer electrolytes based on poly(ethylene-alt-maleimide)backbone are promising materials for application as electrolytes or catholytes in lithium metal polymer batteries.展开更多
High energy density lithium(Li)metal batteries have attracted great attention,but they are faced with challenges of cycling instability and safety hazards.Due to high activity and drastic volume changes of metallic Li...High energy density lithium(Li)metal batteries have attracted great attention,but they are faced with challenges of cycling instability and safety hazards.Due to high activity and drastic volume changes of metallic Li,potential dendritic risks cannot be fully eliminated.Therefore,suppressing already existing Li dendrites must be evaluated.In addition,Li-active solids alloying with Li always face mechanical instability and fractures with cycling.Herein,we present touch ablation of dendrites by liquid metal,namely forming a defense layer on the electrode to directly react with the dendrites.Embrittlement,supercooling,and other liquid characteristics make the liquid gallium(Ga)exhibit continuous and reversible reactions with Li.The unique layout with a hierarchical porous structure inhibits upward growth of the dendrites.The protected Li||Li cells achieve stable cyclic performance even at 10 mA cm^(–2)and a large capacity of 5 mA h cm^(-2).展开更多
The performance of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)is greatly hampered by the unstable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)and uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites.To address this question,we developed a weak polar additiv...The performance of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)is greatly hampered by the unstable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)and uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites.To address this question,we developed a weak polar additive strategy to develop stable and dendrite-free electrolyte for LMBs.In this paper,the effects of additives on the Li^(+)solvation kinetics and the electrode-electrolyte interphases(EEI)formation are discussed.The function of synergistically boosting the superior Li^(+)kinetics and alleviating solvent decomposition on the electrodes is confirmed.From the thermodynamic view,the exothermic process of defluorination reaction for 3,5-difluoropyridine(3,5-DFPy)results in the formation of LiF-rich SEI layer for promoting the uniform Li nucleation and deposition.From the dynamic view,the weakened Li^(+)solvation structure induced by weak polar 3,5-DFPy contributes to better Li^(+)kinetics through the easier Li^(+)desolvation.As expected,Li||Li cell with 1.0 wt%3,5-DFPy exhibits 400 cycles at 1.0 mA cm^(-2)with a deposition capacity of 0.5 mAh cm^(-2),and the Li||LiNi_(0.6)Mn_(0.2)Co_(0.2)O_(2)batteries delivers the highly reversible capacity after 200 cycles.展开更多
The uneven deposition and high reactivity of lithium-metal anode(LMA)lead to uncontrollable dendrite growth,low Coulombic efficiency,and safety concerns,hindering their commercialization.Here,a representative polar-ri...The uneven deposition and high reactivity of lithium-metal anode(LMA)lead to uncontrollable dendrite growth,low Coulombic efficiency,and safety concerns,hindering their commercialization.Here,a representative polar-rich-group triazine-based covalent organic framework(COF-TzDha)with a desolvation effect is designed as an interlayer for stable,dendrite-free LMA.The abundant triazine rings in COFTzDha as a donor effectively attract lithium ions,while the one-dimensional nanopore structure facilitates lithium-ion migration.The periodic arrangement of polar groups(-OH)in the backbone interacts with electrolyte components(DOL,DME,TFSI-)to form a hydrogen bonding network that slows solvent molecules transport.Therefore,COF-TzDha effectively desolvates lithium ions from the solvent sheath,promoting uniform lithium ion flux and Li plating/stripping.Theoretical calculations verify that COFTzDha with abundant adsorption sites and strong adsorption energy facilitates lithium ion desolvation.Consequently,the introduction of COF-TzDha obtains a high ion mobility(0.75).The Li|COF@PP|Li symmetric cell cycles stably for over 1200 h at 4 mA cm^(-2)/4.0 mA h cm^(-2).The Li|COF@PP|LiFePO_(4)full cell also displays highly stable cycling performance with 600 cycles(75.5%capacity retention,~100% Coulombic efficiency)at 1 C.This work verifies an effective strategy for inducing uniform Li deposition and achieving dendrite-free,stable LMA using a polar-rich-group COF interlayer with a desolvation effect.展开更多
Developing advanced polymer electrolytes in lithium metal batteries(LMBs)has gained significant attention because of their inherent safety advantages over liquid electrolytes,while still encountering great challenges ...Developing advanced polymer electrolytes in lithium metal batteries(LMBs)has gained significant attention because of their inherent safety advantages over liquid electrolytes,while still encountering great challenges in mitigating uneven lithium plating/stripping and dendrite growth.Previous efforts primarily focused on passive approaches to mechanically constrain lithium dendrite growth.Recent studies have revealed the significance and effectiveness of regulating supramolecular interactions between polymer chains and other electrolyte components for homogenizing lithium deposition and enhancing the interfacial stability.This report provides a timely critical review to cover recent inspiring advancements in this direction.We first summarize the origins of supramolecular interaction origins,strength-determining factors,and structure–property relationships to establish quantitative correlations between polymer composition and supramolecular interaction properties.Then the recent advances in regulating supramolecular interaction chemistry are comprehensively discussed,focusing on those towards accelerated mass transport and stabilized anode-electrolyte interface.Finally,the remaining challenges are highlighted,and potential future directions in supramolecular interaction regulation of polymer electrolytes are prospected for the practical application of LMBs.展开更多
All-solid-state lithium metal batteries represent leading candidates for the next generation of highenergy-density rechargeable batteries.However,the coupled mechanisms governing dendrite growth and crack propagation ...All-solid-state lithium metal batteries represent leading candidates for the next generation of highenergy-density rechargeable batteries.However,the coupled mechanisms governing dendrite growth and crack propagation within solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)remain inadequately understood.To address this knowledge gap,we propose an electrochemical-mechanical coupled phase-field model designed to simulate the complex processes of lithium deposition and crack propagation in SSEs.This framework systematically examines the influence of initial defect characteristics—including morphology,dimensions,and fracture toughness—on dendrite penetration dynamics.Furthermore,it identifies potential initiation pathways for detrimental lithium deposition within the electrolyte bulk.The model also quantifies the critical role of electrolyte elastic modulus and grain boundary orientation in modulating deposition behavior.Notably,simulation results demonstrate concordance with existing experimental observations,thereby establishing a fundamental theoretical framework for understanding failure mechanisms.This work provides crucial mechanistic insights and predictive capabilities to guide the rational design of failure-resistant SSEs for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.展开更多
The widespread application of solid-state polymer electrolytes(SPEs)is impeded due to their limited ionic conductivity,narrow electrochemical window and lithium dendrite problem.In this work,Mg-metal-organic framework...The widespread application of solid-state polymer electrolytes(SPEs)is impeded due to their limited ionic conductivity,narrow electrochemical window and lithium dendrite problem.In this work,Mg-metal-organic frameworks(MOF)is incorporated into a polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based polymer solid electrolyte,leading to the insitu formation of LiF and other compounds at the electrolyte interface.This modification significantly improves lithium-ion transport capabilities and regulates lithium deposition behavior,suppressing the formation of lithium dendrites.展开更多
Poly(ethylene oxide)-based polymer all-solid-state lithium metal batteries(ASSLBs)have received widespread attention due to their low cost,good process ability,and high energy density.Nevertheless,the growth of Li den...Poly(ethylene oxide)-based polymer all-solid-state lithium metal batteries(ASSLBs)have received widespread attention due to their low cost,good process ability,and high energy density.Nevertheless,the growth of Li dendrites within polymer solid-state electrolytes damages the reversibility of Li anodes and still impedes their widespread application.One efficient strategy is to construct a superior solid electrolyte interface.Herein,a stable interface enriched with Li3N and LiF is in-situ formed between Li anode and a terna ry salt electrolyte.This terna ry salt electrolyte is innovatively designed by introducing lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide(LiTFSI),lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI),and LiNO_(3)to poly(ethylene oxide)matrix.Surface characterization indicates that LiNO3and LiFSI contribute to forming a Li3N-LiF-enriched interface and meanwhile LiTFSI ensures excellent conductivity.Theoretically,among various Li compound components,Li3N has high ionic conductivity,which is beneficial for reducing overpotential,while LiF has high interfacial energy which can enhance nucleation energy and suppress the formation of Li dendrites.The experimental results show that ASSLBs coupled with LiFePO4cathode display extremely excellent cycle stability approximately 2200 cycles at 2 C,with a final and corresponding discharge specific capacity of 96.7 mA h g^(-1).Additionally,a schematic illustration of the working mechanism for the Li_(3)N-LiF interface is proposed.展开更多
Lithium(Li)metal is considered the most promising anode material for the next generation of secondary batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low potential.However,the application of Li anode in re...Lithium(Li)metal is considered the most promising anode material for the next generation of secondary batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low potential.However,the application of Li anode in rechargeable Li metal batteries(LMBs)is hindered due to the short cycle life caused by uncontrolled dendrite growth.In this work,a dendrite-free anode(Li–Sn/Cu)is reinforced synergistically by lithophilic alloy,and a 3D grid structure is designed.Li^(+)diffusion and uniform nucleation are effectively induced by the lithophilic alloy Li_(22)Sn_(5).Moreover,homogeneous deposition of Li^(+)is caused by the reversible gridded Li plating/stripping effect of Cu mesh.Furthermore,the local space electric field is redistributed throughout the 3D conductive network,whereby the tip effect is suppressed,thus inhibiting the growth of Li dendrites.Also,the volume expansion of the anode during cycling is eased by the 3D grid structure.The results show that the Li–Sn/Cu symmetric battery can stably cycle for more than 10,000 h at 2 mA.cm^(-2)and 1 mAh.cm^(-2)with a low overpotential.The capacity retention of the LiFePO_(4)full battery remains above 90.7%after 1,000 cycles at 1C.This work provides a facile,low-cost,and effective strategy for obtaining Li metal batteries with ultra-long cycle life.展开更多
The interface instability between composite solid electrolytes(CSEs)and lithium anode significantly shortens the lifespan of all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)with high areal capacity.In this work,a CSE featuri...The interface instability between composite solid electrolytes(CSEs)and lithium anode significantly shortens the lifespan of all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)with high areal capacity.In this work,a CSE featuring a trilayer architecture is developed by incorporating a thin polyethylene(PE)separator into a blending polymer matrix of poly(ethylene oxide)and poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PEO-PVDF)through a hot pressing technique.This structural design provides complementary functions:the flexible outer layers confine lithium deposition within a restricted area,while the robust interlayer prevents lithium dendrite penetration.Additionally,the incorporation of LiNO_(3) significantly enhances the stability of the CSE/Li interface by gradually forming a Li_(3)N-rich interfacial film,which promotes uniform lithium deposition.Consequently,the assembled Li||Li symmetrical cell demonstrates stable cycling for over 6000 h at a current density of 0.2 mA cm^(–2)with an areal capacity of 1.2 mAh cm^(–2).More attractively,ASSLBs constructed with the designed CSEs,high mass loading LFP/NCM811(LFP:LiFePO_(4);NCM811:LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2))cathodes(≥12 mg cm^(–2)),and lithium metal anodes deliver superior cycling performance without short-circuiting at current densities of 0.3/0.2 mA cm^(–2),respectively.This work offers critical insights for the design of high-performance ASSLBs with improved durability at high areal capacities.展开更多
Li metal is widely recognized as the desired anode for next-generation energy storage,Li metal batteries,due to its highest theoretical capacity and lowest potential.Nonetheless,it suffers from unstable electrochemica...Li metal is widely recognized as the desired anode for next-generation energy storage,Li metal batteries,due to its highest theoretical capacity and lowest potential.Nonetheless,it suffers from unstable electrochemical behaviors like dendrite growth and side reactions in practical application.Herein,we report a highly stable anode with collector,Li_(5)Mg@Cu,realized by the melting-rolling process.The Li_(5)Mg@Cu anode delivers ultrahigh cycle stability for 2000 and 1000 h at the current densities of 1 and 2 mA cm^(-2),respectively in symmetric cells.Meanwhile,the Li_(5)Mg@Cu|LFP cell exhibits a high-capacity retention of 91.8% for 1000 cycles and 78.8% for 2000 cycles at 1 C.Moreover,we investigate the suppression effects of Mg on the dendrite growth by studying the performance of Li_(x)Mg@Cu electrodes with different Mg contents(2.0-16.7 at%).The exchange current density,surface energy,Li^(+)diffusion coefficient,and chemical stability of Li_(x)Mg@Cu concretely reveal this improving suppression effect when Mg content becomes higher.In addition,a Mg-rich phase with“hollow brick”morphology forming in the high Mg content Li_(x)Mg@Cu guides the uniform deposition of Li.This study reveals the suppression effects of Mg on Li dendrites growth and offers a perspective for finding the optimal component of Li-Mg alloys.展开更多
Lithium metal batteries are the most promising choices for next-generation high-energy–density batteries. However, there is little mechanism understanding on lithium dendrite growth during lithium plating and the dea...Lithium metal batteries are the most promising choices for next-generation high-energy–density batteries. However, there is little mechanism understanding on lithium dendrite growth during lithium plating and the dead lithium(the main component of inactive lithium) formation during lithium stripping. This work proposed a phase field model to describe the lithium stripping process with dead lithium formation.The coupling of galvanostatic conditions enables the phase field method to accurately match experimental results. The factors influencing the dead lithium formation on the increasing discharge polarization are revealed. Besides, the simulation of the battery polarization curve, the capacity loss peak, and the Coulomb efficiency is realized. This contribution affords an insightful understanding on dead lithium formation with phase field methods, which can contribute general principles on rational design of lithium metal batteries.展开更多
Lithium(Li) metal,possessing an extremely high theoretical specific capacity(3860 mAh/g) and the most negative electrode potential(-3.040 V vs.standard hydrogen electrode),is one the most favorable anode materials for...Lithium(Li) metal,possessing an extremely high theoretical specific capacity(3860 mAh/g) and the most negative electrode potential(-3.040 V vs.standard hydrogen electrode),is one the most favorable anode materials for future high-energy-density batteries.However,the poor cyclability and safety issues induced by extremely unstable interfaces of traditional liquid Li metal batteries have limited their practical applications.Herein,a quasi-solid battery is constructed to offer superior interfacial stability as well as excellent interfacial contact by the incorporation of Li@composite solid electrolyte integrated electrode and a limited amount of liquid electrolyte(7.5 μL/cm2).By combining the inorganic garnet Aldoped Li6.75La3Zr1.75Ta0.25O12(LLZO) with high mechanical strength and ionic conductivity and the o rganic ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA) with good flexibility,the composite solid electrolyte film could provide sufficient ion channels,sustained interfacial contact and good mechanical stability at the anode side,which significantly alleviates the thermodynamic corrosion and safety problems induced by liquid electrolytes.This innovative and facile quasi-solid strategy is aimed to promote the intrinsic safety and stability of working Li metal anode,shedding light on the development of next-generation highperformance Li metal batteries.展开更多
The garnet-type electrolytes such as Ta-doped Li7La3Zr2Ol2 （LLZTO） have been viewed as the promising electrolytes for solid-state lithium batteries, but it exhibits problem of high interfacial resistance （1960 Ω&#...The garnet-type electrolytes such as Ta-doped Li7La3Zr2Ol2 （LLZTO） have been viewed as the promising electrolytes for solid-state lithium batteries, but it exhibits problem of high interfacial resistance （1960 Ω·cm^2） and short circuit when being cycled in Li/LLZTO/Li cells at the current density above 0.5 mA·cm^-2. Introduction of intermediate layers in between lithium and LLZTO is helpful for decreasing the interfacial resistance and suppressing the growth of lithium dendrites. In this work, three kinds of intermediate layers of Au, Nb and Si with the thickness of 100 nm were prepared. Although the interfacial resistance with the Au layer decreases from 1960 to 32 Ω·cm^2, the cells can only cycle for 0.67 h at 0.5 mA·cm^-2, related to the Au peeled off from the LLZTO. The Nb layers lead to the initial interfacial resistance of 14 Ω·cm^2, while showing extension of cycle time to 50 h with the increase in interracial resistance due to the formation of the resistive Li-Nb-O phase. The Si layers induce the interfacial resistance as low as 5 Ω·cm^2 and the cycles as long as 120 h, which is attributed to the improvement in electrical contact between Li and electrolyte as well as the maintenance of conductive interface during cycles.展开更多
Lithium(Li) metal has emerged as the most promising anode for rechargeable Li batteries owing to its high theoretical specific capacities, low negative electrochemical potential, and superior electrical conductivity. ...Lithium(Li) metal has emerged as the most promising anode for rechargeable Li batteries owing to its high theoretical specific capacities, low negative electrochemical potential, and superior electrical conductivity. Replacing the conventional graphite anodes with Li metal anodes(LMAs) provides great potential to exceed the theoretical limitations of current commercial Li-ion batteries, leading to nextgeneration high-energy–density rechargeable Li metal batteries(LMBs). However, further development of LMAs is hindered by several inherent issues, such as dangerous dendrite growth, infinite volume change, low Coulombic efficiency, and interfacial side reactions. MXenes, a family of two-dimensional(2 D) transition metal carbides and/or nitrides, have recently attracted much attention to address these issues due to their 2D structure, lithiophilic surface terminations, excellent electrical and ionic conductivity, and superior mechanical properties. Herein, an overview of recent advances in the roles of MXenes for stabilizing LMAs is presented. In particular, strategies of utilizing MXenes as the Li hosts, artificial protection layers, electrolyte additives, and for separator modifications to develop stable and dendrite-free LMAs are discussed. Moreover, a perspective on the current challenges and potential outlooks on MXenes for advanced LMAs is provided.展开更多
Periodically changed current is called pulse current.It has been found that using the pulse current to charge/discharge lithium-ion batteries can improve the safety and cycle stability of the battery.In this short rev...Periodically changed current is called pulse current.It has been found that using the pulse current to charge/discharge lithium-ion batteries can improve the safety and cycle stability of the battery.In this short review,the mechanisms of pulse current improving the performance of lithium-ion batteries are summarized from four aspects:activation,warming up,fast charging and inhibition of lithium dendrites.Related content may help us use the pulse current to improve the performance of lithium-ion batteries and further optimize pulse current technology.展开更多
Silicon carbide(SiC) with various morphologies was employed as reinforcing fillers for poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs).Specific ally,the SiC nanoparticles with an average size of 5-10 ...Silicon carbide(SiC) with various morphologies was employed as reinforcing fillers for poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs).Specific ally,the SiC nanoparticles with an average size of 5-10 μm endow a significant enhancement of the interaction between carbon atoms for the fillers and the oxygen atoms from the PEO-lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide(LiTFSI) matrix,which provides rapid transport channels for mobile Li+and enhances the mechanical strength of SPEs.The SPEs reinforced with one-dimensional SiC nanoparticles exhibit superior Li^(+)conduction,good mechanical property,and uniform Li plating.Thus,a dendrite-free plating of lithium for 0.58 mAh at 0.1 mA·cm^(-2) and excellent cycle stability at various current densities for 250 h are achieved in Li/Li symmetric cells using SPEs electrolytes with 5.0 wt% SiC nanoparticles.Moreover,the LiFePO_(4)/Li full cells assembled using SPEs electrolytes with 5.0 wt% SiC nanoparticles provide a capacity of 151.5 mAh·g^(-1) at 0.1 mA·cm^(-2)(55℃),and maintained a Coulombic efficiency of 99% for 120 cycles.展开更多
基金supported by Yunnan Natural Science Foundation Project(No.202202AG050003)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(Nos.202101BE070001-018 and 202201AT070070)+1 种基金the National Youth Talent Support Program of Yunnan Province China(No.YNQR-QNRC-2020-011)Yunnan Engineering Research Center Innovation Ability Construction and Enhancement Projects(No.2023-XMDJ-00617107)。
文摘Lithium metal has emerged as a highly promising anode material for enhancing the energy density of secondary batteries,attributed to its high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential.However,safety concerns related to lithium dendrite-induced short circuits and suboptimal electrochemical performance have impeded the commercial viability of lithium metal batteries.Current research efforts primarily focus on altering the solvated structure of Li+by modifying the current collector or introducing electrolyte additives to lower the nucleation barrier,expedite the desolvation process,and suppress the growth of lithium dendrites.Nevertheless,an integrated approach that combines the advantages of these two strategies remains elusive.In this study,we successfully employed metal-organic salt additives with lithophilic properties to accelerate the desolvation process,reduce the nucleation barrier of Li+,and modulate its solvated structure.This approach enhanced the inorganic compound content in the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)on lithium foil surfaces,leading to stable Li+deposition and stripping.Specifically,Li||Cu cells demonstrated excellent cycle life and Coulombic efficiency(97.28%and 98.59%,respectively)at 0.5 m A/cm^(2)@0.5 m Ah/cm^(2)and 1 m A/cm^(2)@1 m Ah/cm^(2)for 410 and 240 cycles,respectively.Li||Li symmetrical cells showed no short circuit at 1 m A/cm^(2)@1 m Ah/cm^(2)for 1150 h,and Li||LFP full cells retained 68.9%of their capacity(104.6 m Ah/g)after 250 cycles at N/P(1.1:1.0)with a current density of 1C.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52472194,52101243)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(No.2023A1515012619)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou(No.202201010565).
文摘Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)are considered as the most promising energy storage technologies owing to their large theoretical energy density(2500Wh/kg)and specific capacity(1675 mAh/g).However,the heavy shuttle effect of polysulfides and the growth of lithium dendrites greatly hinder their further development and commercial application.In this paper,cobalt-molybdenum bimetallic carbides heterostructure(Co_(6)Mo_(6)C_(2)@Co@NC)was successfully prepared through chemical etching procedure of ZIF-67 precursor with sodium molybdate and the subsequent high temperature annealing process.The obtained dodecahedral Co_(6)Mo_(6)C_(2)@Co@NC with hollow and porous structure provides large specific surface area and plentiful active sites,which speeds up the chemisorption and catalytic conversion of polysulfides,thus mitigating the shuttle effect of polysulfides and the generation of lithium dendrites.When applied as the LSBs separator modifier layer,the cell with modified separator present excellent rate capability and durable cycling stability.In particular,the cell with Co_(6)Mo_(6)C_(2)@Co@NC/PP separator can maintain the high capacity of 738 mAh/g at the current density of 2 C and the specific capacity of 782.6 mAh/g after 300 cycles at 0.5 C,with the coulombic efficiency(CE)near to 100%.Moreover,the Co_(6)Mo_(6)C_(2)@Co@NC/PP battery exhibits the impressive capacity of 431 mAh/g in high sulfur loading(4.096 mg/cm^(2))at 0.5 C after 200 cycles.This work paves the way for the development of bimetallic carbides heterostructure multifunctional catalysts for durable Li-S battery applications and reveals the synergistic regulation of polysulfides and lithium dendrites through the optimization of the structure and composition.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2020B090919005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21975056,52002079 and U1801257)Pearl River Science and Technology New Star Project(No.201806010039)。
文摘The uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites and accumulation of"dead lithium"upon cycling are among the main obstacles that hinder the widespread application of lithium metal anodes.Herein,an ionic liquid(IL)consisting of 1-methyl-1-propylpiperidinium cation(Pp_(13)^+) and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anion(FSI^(-)),was chosen as the additive in propylene carbonate(PC)-based liquid electrolytes to circumvent the shortcoming of lithium metal anodes.The optimal 1%Pp_(13) FSI acts as the role of electrostatic shielding,lithiophobic effect and participating in the formation of solid electrolyte interface(SEI)layer with enhanced properties.The in-situ optical microscopy records that the addition of IL can effectively inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites and the corrosion of lithium anode.This study delivers an effective modification to optimize electrolytes for stable lithium metal batteries.
文摘Solid-state polymer electrolytes are considered as an alternative to classic liquid electrolytes,particularly for application in highenergy lithium metal batteries.With respect to common dual-ion conductors,single-ion conducting polymer electrolytes(SICPEs)are less affected by lithium dendrites growth and thus are particularly interesting for application in lithium metal batteries.In this work,novel SIC-PEs are developed,based on an ionomer having poly(ethylene-alt-maleimide)backbone and lithium phenylsulfonyl(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide pendant moieties,further blended with poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)and poly(ethylene glycol)dimethyl ether(PEGDME).These SIC-PEs exhibit ionic conductivity around~7×10^(−6)S·cm^(−1) at 70℃,lithium transference number close to unity,and excellent mechanical properties,with fracture toughness over 30 J·cm^(−3).Additionally,the electrolytes show very high resistance against lithium dendrites growth,by cycling for more than 1200 h in Li°symmetric cells at a current density of 0.1 mA·cm^(−2).LiFePO4||Li°cells with these SIC-PEs were cycled at 70℃ and C/10,showing initial capacity of almost 160 mAh·g^(−1)and residual capacity of 45%after 100 cycles.This work shows that single-ion conducting polymer electrolytes based on poly(ethylene-alt-maleimide)backbone are promising materials for application as electrolytes or catholytes in lithium metal polymer batteries.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.21673161)the Sino-German Center for Research Promotion(grant no.1400).
文摘High energy density lithium(Li)metal batteries have attracted great attention,but they are faced with challenges of cycling instability and safety hazards.Due to high activity and drastic volume changes of metallic Li,potential dendritic risks cannot be fully eliminated.Therefore,suppressing already existing Li dendrites must be evaluated.In addition,Li-active solids alloying with Li always face mechanical instability and fractures with cycling.Herein,we present touch ablation of dendrites by liquid metal,namely forming a defense layer on the electrode to directly react with the dendrites.Embrittlement,supercooling,and other liquid characteristics make the liquid gallium(Ga)exhibit continuous and reversible reactions with Li.The unique layout with a hierarchical porous structure inhibits upward growth of the dendrites.The protected Li||Li cells achieve stable cyclic performance even at 10 mA cm^(–2)and a large capacity of 5 mA h cm^(-2).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20311)Researchers Supporting Project Number(RSP2025R304),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia。
文摘The performance of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)is greatly hampered by the unstable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)and uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites.To address this question,we developed a weak polar additive strategy to develop stable and dendrite-free electrolyte for LMBs.In this paper,the effects of additives on the Li^(+)solvation kinetics and the electrode-electrolyte interphases(EEI)formation are discussed.The function of synergistically boosting the superior Li^(+)kinetics and alleviating solvent decomposition on the electrodes is confirmed.From the thermodynamic view,the exothermic process of defluorination reaction for 3,5-difluoropyridine(3,5-DFPy)results in the formation of LiF-rich SEI layer for promoting the uniform Li nucleation and deposition.From the dynamic view,the weakened Li^(+)solvation structure induced by weak polar 3,5-DFPy contributes to better Li^(+)kinetics through the easier Li^(+)desolvation.As expected,Li||Li cell with 1.0 wt%3,5-DFPy exhibits 400 cycles at 1.0 mA cm^(-2)with a deposition capacity of 0.5 mAh cm^(-2),and the Li||LiNi_(0.6)Mn_(0.2)Co_(0.2)O_(2)batteries delivers the highly reversible capacity after 200 cycles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51972066)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(No.2024A1515012499)。
文摘The uneven deposition and high reactivity of lithium-metal anode(LMA)lead to uncontrollable dendrite growth,low Coulombic efficiency,and safety concerns,hindering their commercialization.Here,a representative polar-rich-group triazine-based covalent organic framework(COF-TzDha)with a desolvation effect is designed as an interlayer for stable,dendrite-free LMA.The abundant triazine rings in COFTzDha as a donor effectively attract lithium ions,while the one-dimensional nanopore structure facilitates lithium-ion migration.The periodic arrangement of polar groups(-OH)in the backbone interacts with electrolyte components(DOL,DME,TFSI-)to form a hydrogen bonding network that slows solvent molecules transport.Therefore,COF-TzDha effectively desolvates lithium ions from the solvent sheath,promoting uniform lithium ion flux and Li plating/stripping.Theoretical calculations verify that COFTzDha with abundant adsorption sites and strong adsorption energy facilitates lithium ion desolvation.Consequently,the introduction of COF-TzDha obtains a high ion mobility(0.75).The Li|COF@PP|Li symmetric cell cycles stably for over 1200 h at 4 mA cm^(-2)/4.0 mA h cm^(-2).The Li|COF@PP|LiFePO_(4)full cell also displays highly stable cycling performance with 600 cycles(75.5%capacity retention,~100% Coulombic efficiency)at 1 C.This work verifies an effective strategy for inducing uniform Li deposition and achieving dendrite-free,stable LMA using a polar-rich-group COF interlayer with a desolvation effect.
基金support from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University(U-CDCA)and Innovation and Technology Fund(ITS-322-23FP)。
文摘Developing advanced polymer electrolytes in lithium metal batteries(LMBs)has gained significant attention because of their inherent safety advantages over liquid electrolytes,while still encountering great challenges in mitigating uneven lithium plating/stripping and dendrite growth.Previous efforts primarily focused on passive approaches to mechanically constrain lithium dendrite growth.Recent studies have revealed the significance and effectiveness of regulating supramolecular interactions between polymer chains and other electrolyte components for homogenizing lithium deposition and enhancing the interfacial stability.This report provides a timely critical review to cover recent inspiring advancements in this direction.We first summarize the origins of supramolecular interaction origins,strength-determining factors,and structure–property relationships to establish quantitative correlations between polymer composition and supramolecular interaction properties.Then the recent advances in regulating supramolecular interaction chemistry are comprehensively discussed,focusing on those towards accelerated mass transport and stabilized anode-electrolyte interface.Finally,the remaining challenges are highlighted,and potential future directions in supramolecular interaction regulation of polymer electrolytes are prospected for the practical application of LMBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52476053,No.22409209)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.3242017)。
文摘All-solid-state lithium metal batteries represent leading candidates for the next generation of highenergy-density rechargeable batteries.However,the coupled mechanisms governing dendrite growth and crack propagation within solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)remain inadequately understood.To address this knowledge gap,we propose an electrochemical-mechanical coupled phase-field model designed to simulate the complex processes of lithium deposition and crack propagation in SSEs.This framework systematically examines the influence of initial defect characteristics—including morphology,dimensions,and fracture toughness—on dendrite penetration dynamics.Furthermore,it identifies potential initiation pathways for detrimental lithium deposition within the electrolyte bulk.The model also quantifies the critical role of electrolyte elastic modulus and grain boundary orientation in modulating deposition behavior.Notably,simulation results demonstrate concordance with existing experimental observations,thereby establishing a fundamental theoretical framework for understanding failure mechanisms.This work provides crucial mechanistic insights and predictive capabilities to guide the rational design of failure-resistant SSEs for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52374302 and 51874099)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province’s Key Project(No.2021J02031)+1 种基金support from the open fund from Academy of Carbon Neutrality of Fujian Normal University(No.TZH_(2)022-06)We also thank the Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(No.cxx1-2024363)。
文摘The widespread application of solid-state polymer electrolytes(SPEs)is impeded due to their limited ionic conductivity,narrow electrochemical window and lithium dendrite problem.In this work,Mg-metal-organic frameworks(MOF)is incorporated into a polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based polymer solid electrolyte,leading to the insitu formation of LiF and other compounds at the electrolyte interface.This modification significantly improves lithium-ion transport capabilities and regulates lithium deposition behavior,suppressing the formation of lithium dendrites.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.22309027 and 52374301)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(no.E2022501014)+3 种基金the Shijiazhuang Basic Research Project(nos.241790667A and 241790907A)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(no.N2423054)the 2023 Hebei Provincial Doctoral Candidate Innovation Ability Training Funding Project(no.CXZZBS2023159)the Performance Subsidy Fund for Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province(no.22567627H).
文摘Poly(ethylene oxide)-based polymer all-solid-state lithium metal batteries(ASSLBs)have received widespread attention due to their low cost,good process ability,and high energy density.Nevertheless,the growth of Li dendrites within polymer solid-state electrolytes damages the reversibility of Li anodes and still impedes their widespread application.One efficient strategy is to construct a superior solid electrolyte interface.Herein,a stable interface enriched with Li3N and LiF is in-situ formed between Li anode and a terna ry salt electrolyte.This terna ry salt electrolyte is innovatively designed by introducing lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide(LiTFSI),lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI),and LiNO_(3)to poly(ethylene oxide)matrix.Surface characterization indicates that LiNO3and LiFSI contribute to forming a Li3N-LiF-enriched interface and meanwhile LiTFSI ensures excellent conductivity.Theoretically,among various Li compound components,Li3N has high ionic conductivity,which is beneficial for reducing overpotential,while LiF has high interfacial energy which can enhance nucleation energy and suppress the formation of Li dendrites.The experimental results show that ASSLBs coupled with LiFePO4cathode display extremely excellent cycle stability approximately 2200 cycles at 2 C,with a final and corresponding discharge specific capacity of 96.7 mA h g^(-1).Additionally,a schematic illustration of the working mechanism for the Li_(3)N-LiF interface is proposed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52401221)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(No.ZR2022QE014)+1 种基金the Basic Scientific Research Fund for Central Universities(No.202112018)the Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education)。
文摘Lithium(Li)metal is considered the most promising anode material for the next generation of secondary batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low potential.However,the application of Li anode in rechargeable Li metal batteries(LMBs)is hindered due to the short cycle life caused by uncontrolled dendrite growth.In this work,a dendrite-free anode(Li–Sn/Cu)is reinforced synergistically by lithophilic alloy,and a 3D grid structure is designed.Li^(+)diffusion and uniform nucleation are effectively induced by the lithophilic alloy Li_(22)Sn_(5).Moreover,homogeneous deposition of Li^(+)is caused by the reversible gridded Li plating/stripping effect of Cu mesh.Furthermore,the local space electric field is redistributed throughout the 3D conductive network,whereby the tip effect is suppressed,thus inhibiting the growth of Li dendrites.Also,the volume expansion of the anode during cycling is eased by the 3D grid structure.The results show that the Li–Sn/Cu symmetric battery can stably cycle for more than 10,000 h at 2 mA.cm^(-2)and 1 mAh.cm^(-2)with a low overpotential.The capacity retention of the LiFePO_(4)full battery remains above 90.7%after 1,000 cycles at 1C.This work provides a facile,low-cost,and effective strategy for obtaining Li metal batteries with ultra-long cycle life.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22178125 and 22478130).
文摘The interface instability between composite solid electrolytes(CSEs)and lithium anode significantly shortens the lifespan of all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)with high areal capacity.In this work,a CSE featuring a trilayer architecture is developed by incorporating a thin polyethylene(PE)separator into a blending polymer matrix of poly(ethylene oxide)and poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PEO-PVDF)through a hot pressing technique.This structural design provides complementary functions:the flexible outer layers confine lithium deposition within a restricted area,while the robust interlayer prevents lithium dendrite penetration.Additionally,the incorporation of LiNO_(3) significantly enhances the stability of the CSE/Li interface by gradually forming a Li_(3)N-rich interfacial film,which promotes uniform lithium deposition.Consequently,the assembled Li||Li symmetrical cell demonstrates stable cycling for over 6000 h at a current density of 0.2 mA cm^(–2)with an areal capacity of 1.2 mAh cm^(–2).More attractively,ASSLBs constructed with the designed CSEs,high mass loading LFP/NCM811(LFP:LiFePO_(4);NCM811:LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2))cathodes(≥12 mg cm^(–2)),and lithium metal anodes deliver superior cycling performance without short-circuiting at current densities of 0.3/0.2 mA cm^(–2),respectively.This work offers critical insights for the design of high-performance ASSLBs with improved durability at high areal capacities.
基金supported by the Qingdao Jiuhuanxinyue New Energy Technology Co.,Ltd.the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2021B1515120071)+2 种基金the 21C Innovation Laboratory,Contemporary Amperex Technology Ltd.(Grant No.21C-OP-202112)the financial support from the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2024A1515011873)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.JCYJ20220531095212027).
文摘Li metal is widely recognized as the desired anode for next-generation energy storage,Li metal batteries,due to its highest theoretical capacity and lowest potential.Nonetheless,it suffers from unstable electrochemical behaviors like dendrite growth and side reactions in practical application.Herein,we report a highly stable anode with collector,Li_(5)Mg@Cu,realized by the melting-rolling process.The Li_(5)Mg@Cu anode delivers ultrahigh cycle stability for 2000 and 1000 h at the current densities of 1 and 2 mA cm^(-2),respectively in symmetric cells.Meanwhile,the Li_(5)Mg@Cu|LFP cell exhibits a high-capacity retention of 91.8% for 1000 cycles and 78.8% for 2000 cycles at 1 C.Moreover,we investigate the suppression effects of Mg on the dendrite growth by studying the performance of Li_(x)Mg@Cu electrodes with different Mg contents(2.0-16.7 at%).The exchange current density,surface energy,Li^(+)diffusion coefficient,and chemical stability of Li_(x)Mg@Cu concretely reveal this improving suppression effect when Mg content becomes higher.In addition,a Mg-rich phase with“hollow brick”morphology forming in the high Mg content Li_(x)Mg@Cu guides the uniform deposition of Li.This study reveals the suppression effects of Mg on Li dendrites growth and offers a perspective for finding the optimal component of Li-Mg alloys.
基金supported by the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(22109011)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(BX20200047,2021M690380)。
文摘Lithium metal batteries are the most promising choices for next-generation high-energy–density batteries. However, there is little mechanism understanding on lithium dendrite growth during lithium plating and the dead lithium(the main component of inactive lithium) formation during lithium stripping. This work proposed a phase field model to describe the lithium stripping process with dead lithium formation.The coupling of galvanostatic conditions enables the phase field method to accurately match experimental results. The factors influencing the dead lithium formation on the increasing discharge polarization are revealed. Besides, the simulation of the battery polarization curve, the capacity loss peak, and the Coulomb efficiency is realized. This contribution affords an insightful understanding on dead lithium formation with phase field methods, which can contribute general principles on rational design of lithium metal batteries.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program(No.2016YFA0202500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21776019,21808124)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.L182021)。
文摘Lithium(Li) metal,possessing an extremely high theoretical specific capacity(3860 mAh/g) and the most negative electrode potential(-3.040 V vs.standard hydrogen electrode),is one the most favorable anode materials for future high-energy-density batteries.However,the poor cyclability and safety issues induced by extremely unstable interfaces of traditional liquid Li metal batteries have limited their practical applications.Herein,a quasi-solid battery is constructed to offer superior interfacial stability as well as excellent interfacial contact by the incorporation of Li@composite solid electrolyte integrated electrode and a limited amount of liquid electrolyte(7.5 μL/cm2).By combining the inorganic garnet Aldoped Li6.75La3Zr1.75Ta0.25O12(LLZO) with high mechanical strength and ionic conductivity and the o rganic ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA) with good flexibility,the composite solid electrolyte film could provide sufficient ion channels,sustained interfacial contact and good mechanical stability at the anode side,which significantly alleviates the thermodynamic corrosion and safety problems induced by liquid electrolytes.This innovative and facile quasi-solid strategy is aimed to promote the intrinsic safety and stability of working Li metal anode,shedding light on the development of next-generation highperformance Li metal batteries.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51532002 and 51771222)the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2014CB921004)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR201702180185)‘‘Taishan Talent Scholar’’ Supports
文摘The garnet-type electrolytes such as Ta-doped Li7La3Zr2Ol2 （LLZTO） have been viewed as the promising electrolytes for solid-state lithium batteries, but it exhibits problem of high interfacial resistance （1960 Ω·cm^2） and short circuit when being cycled in Li/LLZTO/Li cells at the current density above 0.5 mA·cm^-2. Introduction of intermediate layers in between lithium and LLZTO is helpful for decreasing the interfacial resistance and suppressing the growth of lithium dendrites. In this work, three kinds of intermediate layers of Au, Nb and Si with the thickness of 100 nm were prepared. Although the interfacial resistance with the Au layer decreases from 1960 to 32 Ω·cm^2, the cells can only cycle for 0.67 h at 0.5 mA·cm^-2, related to the Au peeled off from the LLZTO. The Nb layers lead to the initial interfacial resistance of 14 Ω·cm^2, while showing extension of cycle time to 50 h with the increase in interracial resistance due to the formation of the resistive Li-Nb-O phase. The Si layers induce the interfacial resistance as low as 5 Ω·cm^2 and the cycles as long as 120 h, which is attributed to the improvement in electrical contact between Li and electrolyte as well as the maintenance of conductive interface during cycles.
基金supported by the NJIT Start-Up FundsFaculty Seed Grant。
文摘Lithium(Li) metal has emerged as the most promising anode for rechargeable Li batteries owing to its high theoretical specific capacities, low negative electrochemical potential, and superior electrical conductivity. Replacing the conventional graphite anodes with Li metal anodes(LMAs) provides great potential to exceed the theoretical limitations of current commercial Li-ion batteries, leading to nextgeneration high-energy–density rechargeable Li metal batteries(LMBs). However, further development of LMAs is hindered by several inherent issues, such as dangerous dendrite growth, infinite volume change, low Coulombic efficiency, and interfacial side reactions. MXenes, a family of two-dimensional(2 D) transition metal carbides and/or nitrides, have recently attracted much attention to address these issues due to their 2D structure, lithiophilic surface terminations, excellent electrical and ionic conductivity, and superior mechanical properties. Herein, an overview of recent advances in the roles of MXenes for stabilizing LMAs is presented. In particular, strategies of utilizing MXenes as the Li hosts, artificial protection layers, electrolyte additives, and for separator modifications to develop stable and dendrite-free LMAs are discussed. Moreover, a perspective on the current challenges and potential outlooks on MXenes for advanced LMAs is provided.
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Program of State Grid Corporation of China(Program Title:Research on Health Improvement Technology of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery)。
文摘Periodically changed current is called pulse current.It has been found that using the pulse current to charge/discharge lithium-ion batteries can improve the safety and cycle stability of the battery.In this short review,the mechanisms of pulse current improving the performance of lithium-ion batteries are summarized from four aspects:activation,warming up,fast charging and inhibition of lithium dendrites.Related content may help us use the pulse current to improve the performance of lithium-ion batteries and further optimize pulse current technology.
基金financially supported by Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation (No. ZR2020ME001)。
文摘Silicon carbide(SiC) with various morphologies was employed as reinforcing fillers for poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs).Specific ally,the SiC nanoparticles with an average size of 5-10 μm endow a significant enhancement of the interaction between carbon atoms for the fillers and the oxygen atoms from the PEO-lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide(LiTFSI) matrix,which provides rapid transport channels for mobile Li+and enhances the mechanical strength of SPEs.The SPEs reinforced with one-dimensional SiC nanoparticles exhibit superior Li^(+)conduction,good mechanical property,and uniform Li plating.Thus,a dendrite-free plating of lithium for 0.58 mAh at 0.1 mA·cm^(-2) and excellent cycle stability at various current densities for 250 h are achieved in Li/Li symmetric cells using SPEs electrolytes with 5.0 wt% SiC nanoparticles.Moreover,the LiFePO_(4)/Li full cells assembled using SPEs electrolytes with 5.0 wt% SiC nanoparticles provide a capacity of 151.5 mAh·g^(-1) at 0.1 mA·cm^(-2)(55℃),and maintained a Coulombic efficiency of 99% for 120 cycles.
