Lithic miniaturization is a key adaptive and technological feature of human populations and one of the key cultural hallmarks in the Late Pleistocene of Eastern Asia.In northern China this form of stone tool technolog...Lithic miniaturization is a key adaptive and technological feature of human populations and one of the key cultural hallmarks in the Late Pleistocene of Eastern Asia.In northern China this form of stone tool technology is well represented,including by microblade technology.Lithic miniaturization has been identified in South China,though this technological feature has received little research attention in comparison to the north.Here,we examine three miniaturized lithic assemblages in South China,ranging from the terminal Pleistocene to middle Holocene.To examine technological variations in lithic miniaturization,the three assemblages were subject to comparative quantitative analyses,including principal component analysis(PCA),K-means clustering and the Zingg system.The three sites were found to exhibit varied temporal and geographic patterns of lithic miniaturization across South China,potentially related to fluctuating climatic conditions and changes in population dynamics since the Late Pleistocene.展开更多
Over the past 15 years,the Paleoanthropological and Paleolithic team from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology(IVPP),Chinese Academy of Sciences,has made significant progress in understanding...Over the past 15 years,the Paleoanthropological and Paleolithic team from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology(IVPP),Chinese Academy of Sciences,has made significant progress in understanding modern human origins and evolution through extensive fieldwork,fossil and artifact discoveries,and cutting-edge ancient molecular analysis.The new fossil findings from Hualongdong,Xuchang,the first report on Harbin,and the reevaluations of previously found fossils like Xujiayao revealed high population diversity in East Asia during the late Middle Pleistocene,implying multiple evolutionary lineages linked to modern humans,Neanderthals,or Denisovans.Different species names were proposed for these unique fossils.Discoveries from Zhiren Cave and Fuyan Cave refreshed our knowledge of modern human emergence in China,sparking debates between the“Recent African Origin”and“Multiregional Evolution”hypothesis.Additionally,new archaeological evidence from Nwya Devu and Xiamabei highlighted human adaptations to extreme climates and technological innovations.Genomic studies further revealed complex patterns of modern human dispersal,admixture,and adaptation in China,especially in the past 40,000 years.The first mitochondrial DNA of Denisovan outside Denisova Cave was successfully extracted from the sediments on the Plateau,suggesting the long-term occupation of this population in this area.展开更多
The paleoenvironmental changes and adaptation strategies of hominins during the Late Pleistocene are crucial for understanding the evolution,dispersal,and behavioral shifts of early modern humans.Despite South China&#...The paleoenvironmental changes and adaptation strategies of hominins during the Late Pleistocene are crucial for understanding the evolution,dispersal,and behavioral shifts of early modern humans.Despite South China's significance as a nexus for hominin dispersal and handaxe technology diffusion,quantitative reconstructions of paleoenvironments linked to archaeological records remain scarce.The Sandinggai site(96.6-13.3 ka BP)in central South China,with its well-preserved stratigraphy and abundant lithic artefacts,is notable for providing valuable insights.In this study,quantitative reconstruction of the vegetation succession and climate change sequences at the site was conducted using palynological and isotopic data.The results indicated a shift from a warm-temperate evergreen and deciduous broadleaf mixed forest to a temperate deciduous broadleaf forest,with the climate transitioning from warm and humid to cooler and drier conditions.During the early phase,an increase in lithic production suggested favorable conditions for hominin survival.In the later phase,decreased lithic production and the replacement of large handaxe tools by smaller flake tools,indicated that hominins adapted to the cooler,drier climate and more open landscapes through lithic miniaturization.These findings highlight the environment-driven adaptation of lithic technology and hominin behavior,thereby shedding light on human survival adaptation strategies.展开更多
This paper presents a monolithic approach to the thermal fluidstructure interaction （FSI） with nonconforming interfaces. The thermal viscous flow is governed by the Boussinesq approximation and the incompressible Na...This paper presents a monolithic approach to the thermal fluidstructure interaction （FSI） with nonconforming interfaces. The thermal viscous flow is governed by the Boussinesq approximation and the incompressible NavierStokes equations. The motion of the fluid domain is accounted for by an arbitrary LagrangianEulerian （ALE） strategy. A pseudosolid formulation is used to manage the deformation of the fluid do main. The structure is described by the geometrically nonlinear thermoelastic dynamics. An efficient data transfer strategy based on the Gauss points is proposed to guarantee the equilibrium of the stresses and heat along the interface. The resulting strongly coupled set of nonlinear equations for the fluid, solution procedure. A numerical example efficiency of the methodology. structure, and heat is solved by a monolithic is presented to demonstrate the robustness and展开更多
The Initial Upper Paleolithic(IUP)is a chrono-cultural phase corresponding with the onset of systematic production of pointed blades in various regions in Eurasia.This phenomenon is often conceived to correlate with t...The Initial Upper Paleolithic(IUP)is a chrono-cultural phase corresponding with the onset of systematic production of pointed blades in various regions in Eurasia.This phenomenon is often conceived to correlate with the MIS 3 modern human expansion.Originally defined after the site Boker Tachtit in the Negev Desert,Israel,the Levantine IUP is composed of two consecutive superimposed lithic industries.The lower,named Emiran,is characterized with bidirectional blade technology,whereas the upper industry with unidirectional blades.Until recently the chronology of Boker Tachtit was insecure but new radiometric ages have shown that the Emiran is contemporaneous with the local Late Mousterian,thus supporting the assumption of this industry being imported.Similar technological features and chronological proximities between Boker Tachtit and assemblages from the Nile Valley and southern Arabia suggest the early Boker Tachtit inhabitants may have originated from these regions.The Emiran industry developed in Boker Tachtit into a later variant,the unidirectional industry,but it also expanded northward to central Europe and north-central Asia.The later variant acted in a similar manner as it developed locally into the early Ahmarian techno-complex but also expanded into the northern Levant and the Balkans.It is proposed the IUP phase featured at least two dispersal events.The first is the expansion from the Nile Valley/Arabia to the Levant from where it expanded rapidly to central Europe and north-central Asia.The second dispersal occurred slightly later and began in the southern Levant from where it spread to the northern Levant and the Balkans.展开更多
Archaeologists call the long period between the appearance of human beings and the emergence of agriculture the Old Stone Age.The Paleolithic period accounts for more than 99.9 percent of the total length of human his...Archaeologists call the long period between the appearance of human beings and the emergence of agriculture the Old Stone Age.The Paleolithic period accounts for more than 99.9 percent of the total length of human history.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42177424,No.42488201Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.2020074National Key Research and Development Projects,No.2022YFF0801502。
文摘Lithic miniaturization is a key adaptive and technological feature of human populations and one of the key cultural hallmarks in the Late Pleistocene of Eastern Asia.In northern China this form of stone tool technology is well represented,including by microblade technology.Lithic miniaturization has been identified in South China,though this technological feature has received little research attention in comparison to the north.Here,we examine three miniaturized lithic assemblages in South China,ranging from the terminal Pleistocene to middle Holocene.To examine technological variations in lithic miniaturization,the three assemblages were subject to comparative quantitative analyses,including principal component analysis(PCA),K-means clustering and the Zingg system.The three sites were found to exhibit varied temporal and geographic patterns of lithic miniaturization across South China,potentially related to fluctuating climatic conditions and changes in population dynamics since the Late Pleistocene.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41925009)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(YSBR-019)+1 种基金the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.23&ZD268)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42072033).
文摘Over the past 15 years,the Paleoanthropological and Paleolithic team from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology(IVPP),Chinese Academy of Sciences,has made significant progress in understanding modern human origins and evolution through extensive fieldwork,fossil and artifact discoveries,and cutting-edge ancient molecular analysis.The new fossil findings from Hualongdong,Xuchang,the first report on Harbin,and the reevaluations of previously found fossils like Xujiayao revealed high population diversity in East Asia during the late Middle Pleistocene,implying multiple evolutionary lineages linked to modern humans,Neanderthals,or Denisovans.Different species names were proposed for these unique fossils.Discoveries from Zhiren Cave and Fuyan Cave refreshed our knowledge of modern human emergence in China,sparking debates between the“Recent African Origin”and“Multiregional Evolution”hypothesis.Additionally,new archaeological evidence from Nwya Devu and Xiamabei highlighted human adaptations to extreme climates and technological innovations.Genomic studies further revealed complex patterns of modern human dispersal,admixture,and adaptation in China,especially in the past 40,000 years.The first mitochondrial DNA of Denisovan outside Denisova Cave was successfully extracted from the sediments on the Plateau,suggesting the long-term occupation of this population in this area.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42471185,No.T2192952National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2022YFF0801502。
文摘The paleoenvironmental changes and adaptation strategies of hominins during the Late Pleistocene are crucial for understanding the evolution,dispersal,and behavioral shifts of early modern humans.Despite South China's significance as a nexus for hominin dispersal and handaxe technology diffusion,quantitative reconstructions of paleoenvironments linked to archaeological records remain scarce.The Sandinggai site(96.6-13.3 ka BP)in central South China,with its well-preserved stratigraphy and abundant lithic artefacts,is notable for providing valuable insights.In this study,quantitative reconstruction of the vegetation succession and climate change sequences at the site was conducted using palynological and isotopic data.The results indicated a shift from a warm-temperate evergreen and deciduous broadleaf mixed forest to a temperate deciduous broadleaf forest,with the climate transitioning from warm and humid to cooler and drier conditions.During the early phase,an increase in lithic production suggested favorable conditions for hominin survival.In the later phase,decreased lithic production and the replacement of large handaxe tools by smaller flake tools,indicated that hominins adapted to the cooler,drier climate and more open landscapes through lithic miniaturization.These findings highlight the environment-driven adaptation of lithic technology and hominin behavior,thereby shedding light on human survival adaptation strategies.
文摘This paper presents a monolithic approach to the thermal fluidstructure interaction （FSI） with nonconforming interfaces. The thermal viscous flow is governed by the Boussinesq approximation and the incompressible NavierStokes equations. The motion of the fluid domain is accounted for by an arbitrary LagrangianEulerian （ALE） strategy. A pseudosolid formulation is used to manage the deformation of the fluid do main. The structure is described by the geometrically nonlinear thermoelastic dynamics. An efficient data transfer strategy based on the Gauss points is proposed to guarantee the equilibrium of the stresses and heat along the interface. The resulting strongly coupled set of nonlinear equations for the fluid, solution procedure. A numerical example efficiency of the methodology. structure, and heat is solved by a monolithic is presented to demonstrate the robustness and
文摘The Initial Upper Paleolithic(IUP)is a chrono-cultural phase corresponding with the onset of systematic production of pointed blades in various regions in Eurasia.This phenomenon is often conceived to correlate with the MIS 3 modern human expansion.Originally defined after the site Boker Tachtit in the Negev Desert,Israel,the Levantine IUP is composed of two consecutive superimposed lithic industries.The lower,named Emiran,is characterized with bidirectional blade technology,whereas the upper industry with unidirectional blades.Until recently the chronology of Boker Tachtit was insecure but new radiometric ages have shown that the Emiran is contemporaneous with the local Late Mousterian,thus supporting the assumption of this industry being imported.Similar technological features and chronological proximities between Boker Tachtit and assemblages from the Nile Valley and southern Arabia suggest the early Boker Tachtit inhabitants may have originated from these regions.The Emiran industry developed in Boker Tachtit into a later variant,the unidirectional industry,but it also expanded northward to central Europe and north-central Asia.The later variant acted in a similar manner as it developed locally into the early Ahmarian techno-complex but also expanded into the northern Levant and the Balkans.It is proposed the IUP phase featured at least two dispersal events.The first is the expansion from the Nile Valley/Arabia to the Levant from where it expanded rapidly to central Europe and north-central Asia.The second dispersal occurred slightly later and began in the southern Levant from where it spread to the northern Levant and the Balkans.
文摘Archaeologists call the long period between the appearance of human beings and the emergence of agriculture the Old Stone Age.The Paleolithic period accounts for more than 99.9 percent of the total length of human history.
