The genesis and tectonic setting of Late Triassic volcanic rocks in the Ganzi–Litang ophiolitic mélange belt have long been a subject of contention.To elucidate these ambiguities,comprehensive petrological,geoch...The genesis and tectonic setting of Late Triassic volcanic rocks in the Ganzi–Litang ophiolitic mélange belt have long been a subject of contention.To elucidate these ambiguities,comprehensive petrological,geochemical,zircon U-Pb geochronological,and Sr-Nd isotopic analyses were conducted on the Luexigou basalts in the Litang area.This investigation has newly delineated a typical volcano-sedimentary sequence indicative of a mid-ocean ridge,with basalts dated to 215±3 Ma.These basalts exhibit geochemical characteristics akin to E-MORB,displaying relatively flat distribution patterns for rare earth elements and trace elements.They are notably depleted in high-field-strength elements(such as Nb and Ta),similar to volcanic arc basalts.展开更多
The Litang fault zone is an important seismogenic structure along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.It caused the M71/4 earthquake in Litang in 1948 AD.The fault zone intersects the Sichuan-Xizang transpo...The Litang fault zone is an important seismogenic structure along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.It caused the M71/4 earthquake in Litang in 1948 AD.The fault zone intersects the Sichuan-Xizang transportation corridor and poses a serious risk to its safe operation.This study,utilizing high-resolution remote sensing interpretation,field geological verification,UAV photogrammetry,UAV LiDAR,paleoearthquake trench excavation,and AMS^(14)C and OSL dating methods,reveals the geometric structure,slip rates,paleoearthquake sequence,and earthquake rupture segmentation of the Litang fault zone;analyzes the rupture distribution range of the 1729 AD Litang earthquake and estimates its magnitude.The study indicates that the Litang fault zone is a relatively immature strike-slip fault,which has developed as a new active fault zone within the Northwestern Sichuan sub-block during the southeastward material migration of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.This reflects a transformation in the deformation model of the Northwestern Sichuan sub-block crust from the‘Rigid Block’model to the‘Continuous Deformation’model.展开更多
The Late Permian Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP) is commonly regarded as being located in the western part of the Yangtze craton, SW China, with an asymmetrical shape and a small area. This area, however, is ju...The Late Permian Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP) is commonly regarded as being located in the western part of the Yangtze craton, SW China, with an asymmetrical shape and a small area. This area, however, is just a maximum estimation because some parts of the ELIP were not recognized or dismembered and destroyed during the Triassic to Cenozoic tectonism. In this paper, the chemostratigraphical data of the Zongza block, the Garze-Litang belt and the Songpan-Garze block suggest that the Late Permian basalts in these areas have remarkable similarities to the ELIP basalts in petrography and geochemistry. Flood basalts in the Sanjiangkou area are composed of the lower part of the low-Ti (LT) tholeiite and the upper part of the high-Ti (HT) tholeiite, which is the same as the flood basalts on the western margin of the Yangtze craton. Flood basalts in the Zongza and Songpan-Garze areas, which are far from the Yangtze craton, consist of HT tholeiite only. This is the same as the flood basalts within the Yangtze craton. Therefore we argue that these contemporary basalts all originated from the Emeishan mantle plume, and the ELIP could have a significant westward extension with an outcropped area of over 500,000 km2. This new scenario shows that the LT tholeiite occurs on the western margin of the Yangtze craton, while the HT tholeiite overlying the LT basalts occupies the whole area of the ELIP.展开更多
The Litang fault is a left-lateral secondary shear zone in the Sichuan-Yunnan active block that accommodates the tectonic deformation associated with the eastward extrusion of the upper crust of the Tibetan Plateau. B...The Litang fault is a left-lateral secondary shear zone in the Sichuan-Yunnan active block that accommodates the tectonic deformation associated with the eastward extrusion of the upper crust of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on 1 : 50 000 geological mapping of active faults, the Litang fault consists of three geometric segments, the Cuopuhu, Damaoyaba, and Litang segments, in the west of Litang, which are divided by the of Haizi Mountain uplift and the wide-angle bending and branching of the fault near Jinchanggou. This study also identifies the surface rupture of the A.D. 1890 earthquake, which is distributed intermittently along the ~28 km long Damaoyaba segments and ~25 km long Litang segments. The maximum horizontal displacement is 4.1 m along Damaoyaba segments, and 4 m along Litang segments. The rupture involves typical left-lateral shear movement. The two ruptures are divided by discontinuous segments or gaps that are ~18 km long;thus, the total surface rupture is approximately 71 km long. The estimated moment magnitude was M_(w)7.3±0.1. A comprehensive analysis of data obtained from 5 trenches excavated along the Damaoyaba and Litang segments and the trench data by Xu et al.(2005) identifies age constraints of the 4 most recent paleoseimic events occurred B.C. 1468±54–1340±25, B.C. 52±25–A.D. 76±47, A.D. 1115±90, and A.D. 1890, respectively. The recurrence intervals are 1 415±80, 1 104±104, and 775±90 a, which are consistent with quasi-periodic earthquake recurrence behavior. The average recurrence interval is 1 098±112 a.展开更多
The timing of the closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean in West China remains debated.To investigate this problem,we examined the geochemical characteristics,zircon U-Pb chronology,and Hf isotopes of monzogranites and qua...The timing of the closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean in West China remains debated.To investigate this problem,we examined the geochemical characteristics,zircon U-Pb chronology,and Hf isotopes of monzogranites and quartz diorites from the Duocai granite in the Zhiduo region,at the intersection of the Jinshajiang and GanzeLitangsutures.The monzogranites have the chemical characteristics of calc-alkalineⅠ-type granites and yield a weighted mean zircon U-Pb age of 234.6±0.9 Ma[mean square weighted deviation(MSWD)=0.36].InitialεHf(-t)values are high and positive,ranging from+7.9 to+13.6 with a mean of+10.7,corresponding to two-stage Hf isotope model ages(TDM2)of 762-395 Ma.Geochemical and isotopic data indicate that the source magma of the monzogranites formed from mantle-derived magmas mixed with the overlying crustal materials.The quartz diorites,which also have compositional characteristics of calcalkaline I-type granites,yield a weighted mean zircon UPb age of 209.1±0.7 Ma(MSWD=0.29).InitialεHf(-t)values range from-2.5 to+0.6 with a mean of-1.5,with the corresponding TDM2 of 1402-1210 Ma.Geochemical and isotopic data indicate that the primary magma of the quartz diorites was derived mainly from partial melting of the mafic lower crust and small amount mantle-derived magma involved.Combining these results with regional data,the studied granites are inferred to have formed as a result of continuous subduction of plates underlying the Western Jinshajiang Ocean-Ganze-Litang Ocean from 234 to 209 Ma,and were unrelated to subduction of the South Jinshajiang oceanic plate.We suggest that the Western Jinshajiang Ocean-Ganze-Litang Ocean closed by the end of Late Triassic.展开更多
Garez—Litang plate junction lies in the eastern margin of the Nujiang—Lancangjiang—Jinshajiang area, NW\|trendingly and antisigmoidally extending for more than 800km from Zhidoi ,Qinghai through Garze and Litang to...Garez—Litang plate junction lies in the eastern margin of the Nujiang—Lancangjiang—Jinshajiang area, NW\|trendingly and antisigmoidally extending for more than 800km from Zhidoi ,Qinghai through Garze and Litang to Muli ,Sichuan ,with a width of 5～35km .The junction is located in the arcuate turning part of the Alpine—Himalayan—Indosinian Tethyan tectonic domain ,which lies in the structural transition position between the Yangtze plate and the Yidun area . The plate junction represents an important tectonic belt ,which is a composed of a gold mineralization belt in the east Tethyan tectonic domain.(1) Garze—Litang plate junction may be divided into the following structural units:ductile shear zone and fracture system, Paleozoic nappes ,ophiolite \|tectonic blocks,flysch formation in passive continental margin (Triassic Xikang group ),forearc sedimentary formation in active margin (Triassic Yidun group),and such boundary geological bodies as granitoids ,faulted basins and Tertiary nappes.展开更多
There is a general consensus that most ophiolites formed above subduction zones(Pearce,2003),particularly during forearc extension at subduction initiation(Shervais,2001;Stern,2004;Whattam and Stern,2011).'Supra-S...There is a general consensus that most ophiolites formed above subduction zones(Pearce,2003),particularly during forearc extension at subduction initiation(Shervais,2001;Stern,2004;Whattam and Stern,2011).'Supra-Subduction zone'(SSZ)ophiolites such as the well-studied Tethyan ophiolites,generally display a characteristic sequential evolution from mid-oceanic ridge basalts(MORBs)to island arc tholeiities(IATs)or bonites(BONs)(Pearce,2003;Dilek and Furnes,2009,2011),which were generated in sequence from the decompression melting of asthenospheric mantle and partial melting of subduction-metasomatized depleted mantle(Stern and Bloomer,1992;Dilek and Furnes,2009;Whattam and Stern,2011).However,ophiolites with MORB and/or oceanic-island basalt(OIB)affinities are rare,and their origin and tectonic nature are poorly understood(Boedo et al.,2013;Saccani et al.,2013).It is interesting that the composition of these ophiolites from the central Tibetan Plateau(CTP)is dominated by MORBs and minor OIBs and a distinct lack of IATs and BONs,which is inconsistent with most ophiolites worldwide(Robinson and Zhou,2008;Zhang et al.,2008).But the generation and tectonic nature of these ophiolites are still controversial.*In this study,we present new geochronological,mineralogical and Sr-Nd isotopic data for the Chayong and Xiewu mafic complexes in the western Garzê-Litang suture zone(GLS),a typical Paleo-Tethyan suture crossing the CTP(Fig.1).The Triassic ophiolite in the western GLS has been described by Li et al.(2009),who foundthat it mainly consists of gabbros,diabases,pillow basalts and a few metamorphic peridotites.The ophiolite has been tectonically dismembered and crops out in Triassic clastic rocks and limestones as tectonic blocks.The Chayong and Xiewu mafic complexes are generally regarded as important fragments of the Triassic ophiolites(e.g.,Jin,2006;Li et al.,2009).Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages of234±3 Ma and 236±2 Ma can be interpreted as formation times of the Chayong and Xiewu mafic complexes,respectively.The basalts and gabbros of the Chayong complexexhibitenrichedMORB(E-MORB)compositional affinities except for a weak depletion of Nb,Ta and Ti relative to the primitive mantle,whereas the basalts and gabbros of the Xiewu complex display distinct E-MORB and OIB affinities.The geochemical features suggest a probable fractionation of olivine±clinopyroxene±plagioclase as well as insignificant crustal contamination.The geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic data reveal that the Chayong mafic rocks may have been derived from depleted MORB-type mantle metasomatized by crustal components and Xiewu mafic rocks from enriched lithosphericmantlemetasomatizedbyOIB-like components.The ratios of Zn/Fet,La/Yb and Sm/Yb indicate that these mafic melts were produced by the partial melting of garnet+minor spinel-bearing peridotite or spinel±minor garnet-bearing peridotite.We propose thatback-arcbasinspreadingassociated with OIB/seamount recycling had occurred in the western GLS at least since the Middle Triassic times,and the decompression melting of the depleted MORB-type asthenospheremantleandpartialmeltingof sub-continental lithosphere were metasomatized by plume-related melts,such as OIBs,which led to the generation of the Chayong and Xiewu mafic melts.展开更多
The Litang fault(LTF),located in the southeast of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,is known for its high level of present-day seismicity,whereas its Pleistocene activity has been scarcely documented.This study focused on a...The Litang fault(LTF),located in the southeast of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,is known for its high level of present-day seismicity,whereas its Pleistocene activity has been scarcely documented.This study focused on a tract of banded travertine deposits precipitated from thermal waters along the NW–SE-trending LTF trace.The role of travertine deposits in recording neotectonic activity has been studied by identifying their internal structure.Typical soft-sediment deformation structures observed within the banded travertines include micro folds,liquefied breccia,and liquefied diapirs.These deformed structures,which are restricted to a single unit separated unconformably by undeformed layers,can be traced for tens of meters,indicating that they were formed by seismic shaking triggered by LTF activity.The deformation of the banded travertine layers is attributed to the combined effects of seismic shaking,liquefaction,and fluidization,and it can be related to a paleo earthquake event with a magnitude of MS>5.The U-series ages obtained from the banded travertine deposits perturbed by the earthquakes are in the range of 130.59–112.94 ka,indicating an important fault-assisted neotectonic activity that occurred during the Middle–Late Pleistocene.Analysis of such structures,in combination with the use of U-series dating methods,can yield a reliable timing of neotectonic activity and provide new evidence for understanding the seismotectonic setting of the Litang area.展开更多
The Litang fault zone (LFZ) is an active fault zone within the northwestern Sichuan sub-block. Field investigation reveals new evidence for its late Quaternary offset, neoteric earthquake ruptures and surface-rupturin...The Litang fault zone (LFZ) is an active fault zone within the northwestern Sichuan sub-block. Field investigation reveals new evidence for its late Quaternary offset, neoteric earthquake ruptures and surface-rupturing segmentation, from which long-term slip-rates, char-acteristic earthquake magnitudes and recurrence intervals on the fault zone are estimated. This study shows that the LFZ consists of three subordinate faults, and they are the northern Maoyaba fault, Litang fault and Kangga-Dewu fault, respectively. All of them are dominated by left-lateral strike-slip with reverse dip-slip component on different segments. Based on offset landforms and ages of relevant deposits collected from seven sites, it is estimated that the average left-lateral slip-rate on the LFZ reaches 4.0±1.0 mm/a in the past 14 ka BP, and vertical (reverse) dip-slip rate in the range of 0.1―1.8 mm/a. Three subordinate faults are independent earthquake rup-turing segments, on which the maximum moment magnitude of the characteristic earthquakes is estimated to be 7.0―7.3, and their average recurrence interval to be 500―1000 a. The latest earthquake ruptures occurred 119±2 years ago on the northern Maoyaba fault, about 1890 AD on the Litang fault, and in 1948 AD on the Kangga-Dewu fault, and this may indicate a unidirectional migration for surface rupturing earthquakes along the Litang fault zone, related to stress trigger-ing between the segments.展开更多
基金supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China(Grant No.42230311)the China Geological Survey(Grant No.DD20243073).
文摘The genesis and tectonic setting of Late Triassic volcanic rocks in the Ganzi–Litang ophiolitic mélange belt have long been a subject of contention.To elucidate these ambiguities,comprehensive petrological,geochemical,zircon U-Pb geochronological,and Sr-Nd isotopic analyses were conducted on the Luexigou basalts in the Litang area.This investigation has newly delineated a typical volcano-sedimentary sequence indicative of a mid-ocean ridge,with basalts dated to 215±3 Ma.These basalts exhibit geochemical characteristics akin to E-MORB,displaying relatively flat distribution patterns for rare earth elements and trace elements.They are notably depleted in high-field-strength elements(such as Nb and Ta),similar to volcanic arc basalts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42177184)。
文摘The Litang fault zone is an important seismogenic structure along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.It caused the M71/4 earthquake in Litang in 1948 AD.The fault zone intersects the Sichuan-Xizang transportation corridor and poses a serious risk to its safe operation.This study,utilizing high-resolution remote sensing interpretation,field geological verification,UAV photogrammetry,UAV LiDAR,paleoearthquake trench excavation,and AMS^(14)C and OSL dating methods,reveals the geometric structure,slip rates,paleoearthquake sequence,and earthquake rupture segmentation of the Litang fault zone;analyzes the rupture distribution range of the 1729 AD Litang earthquake and estimates its magnitude.The study indicates that the Litang fault zone is a relatively immature strike-slip fault,which has developed as a new active fault zone within the Northwestern Sichuan sub-block during the southeastward material migration of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.This reflects a transformation in the deformation model of the Northwestern Sichuan sub-block crust from the‘Rigid Block’model to the‘Continuous Deformation’model.
文摘The Late Permian Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP) is commonly regarded as being located in the western part of the Yangtze craton, SW China, with an asymmetrical shape and a small area. This area, however, is just a maximum estimation because some parts of the ELIP were not recognized or dismembered and destroyed during the Triassic to Cenozoic tectonism. In this paper, the chemostratigraphical data of the Zongza block, the Garze-Litang belt and the Songpan-Garze block suggest that the Late Permian basalts in these areas have remarkable similarities to the ELIP basalts in petrography and geochemistry. Flood basalts in the Sanjiangkou area are composed of the lower part of the low-Ti (LT) tholeiite and the upper part of the high-Ti (HT) tholeiite, which is the same as the flood basalts on the western margin of the Yangtze craton. Flood basalts in the Zongza and Songpan-Garze areas, which are far from the Yangtze craton, consist of HT tholeiite only. This is the same as the flood basalts within the Yangtze craton. Therefore we argue that these contemporary basalts all originated from the Emeishan mantle plume, and the ELIP could have a significant westward extension with an outcropped area of over 500,000 km2. This new scenario shows that the LT tholeiite occurs on the western margin of the Yangtze craton, while the HT tholeiite overlying the LT basalts occupies the whole area of the ELIP.
基金This research was supported by the“China Seismic Active Fault Exploration,Central-South Segment Project of the NorthSouth Seismic Belt”of the China Earthquake Administrationthe National Science Foundation of China(No.41372114)。
文摘The Litang fault is a left-lateral secondary shear zone in the Sichuan-Yunnan active block that accommodates the tectonic deformation associated with the eastward extrusion of the upper crust of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on 1 : 50 000 geological mapping of active faults, the Litang fault consists of three geometric segments, the Cuopuhu, Damaoyaba, and Litang segments, in the west of Litang, which are divided by the of Haizi Mountain uplift and the wide-angle bending and branching of the fault near Jinchanggou. This study also identifies the surface rupture of the A.D. 1890 earthquake, which is distributed intermittently along the ~28 km long Damaoyaba segments and ~25 km long Litang segments. The maximum horizontal displacement is 4.1 m along Damaoyaba segments, and 4 m along Litang segments. The rupture involves typical left-lateral shear movement. The two ruptures are divided by discontinuous segments or gaps that are ~18 km long;thus, the total surface rupture is approximately 71 km long. The estimated moment magnitude was M_(w)7.3±0.1. A comprehensive analysis of data obtained from 5 trenches excavated along the Damaoyaba and Litang segments and the trench data by Xu et al.(2005) identifies age constraints of the 4 most recent paleoseimic events occurred B.C. 1468±54–1340±25, B.C. 52±25–A.D. 76±47, A.D. 1115±90, and A.D. 1890, respectively. The recurrence intervals are 1 415±80, 1 104±104, and 775±90 a, which are consistent with quasi-periodic earthquake recurrence behavior. The average recurrence interval is 1 098±112 a.
基金funded by the Geological Survey Project(12120113098300)of China Geological Surveythe National Natural Science Foundation of China(41272093)。
文摘The timing of the closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean in West China remains debated.To investigate this problem,we examined the geochemical characteristics,zircon U-Pb chronology,and Hf isotopes of monzogranites and quartz diorites from the Duocai granite in the Zhiduo region,at the intersection of the Jinshajiang and GanzeLitangsutures.The monzogranites have the chemical characteristics of calc-alkalineⅠ-type granites and yield a weighted mean zircon U-Pb age of 234.6±0.9 Ma[mean square weighted deviation(MSWD)=0.36].InitialεHf(-t)values are high and positive,ranging from+7.9 to+13.6 with a mean of+10.7,corresponding to two-stage Hf isotope model ages(TDM2)of 762-395 Ma.Geochemical and isotopic data indicate that the source magma of the monzogranites formed from mantle-derived magmas mixed with the overlying crustal materials.The quartz diorites,which also have compositional characteristics of calcalkaline I-type granites,yield a weighted mean zircon UPb age of 209.1±0.7 Ma(MSWD=0.29).InitialεHf(-t)values range from-2.5 to+0.6 with a mean of-1.5,with the corresponding TDM2 of 1402-1210 Ma.Geochemical and isotopic data indicate that the primary magma of the quartz diorites was derived mainly from partial melting of the mafic lower crust and small amount mantle-derived magma involved.Combining these results with regional data,the studied granites are inferred to have formed as a result of continuous subduction of plates underlying the Western Jinshajiang Ocean-Ganze-Litang Ocean from 234 to 209 Ma,and were unrelated to subduction of the South Jinshajiang oceanic plate.We suggest that the Western Jinshajiang Ocean-Ganze-Litang Ocean closed by the end of Late Triassic.
文摘Garez—Litang plate junction lies in the eastern margin of the Nujiang—Lancangjiang—Jinshajiang area, NW\|trendingly and antisigmoidally extending for more than 800km from Zhidoi ,Qinghai through Garze and Litang to Muli ,Sichuan ,with a width of 5～35km .The junction is located in the arcuate turning part of the Alpine—Himalayan—Indosinian Tethyan tectonic domain ,which lies in the structural transition position between the Yangtze plate and the Yidun area . The plate junction represents an important tectonic belt ,which is a composed of a gold mineralization belt in the east Tethyan tectonic domain.(1) Garze—Litang plate junction may be divided into the following structural units:ductile shear zone and fracture system, Paleozoic nappes ,ophiolite \|tectonic blocks,flysch formation in passive continental margin (Triassic Xikang group ),forearc sedimentary formation in active margin (Triassic Yidun group),and such boundary geological bodies as granitoids ,faulted basins and Tertiary nappes.
基金financially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant 41272079)
文摘There is a general consensus that most ophiolites formed above subduction zones(Pearce,2003),particularly during forearc extension at subduction initiation(Shervais,2001;Stern,2004;Whattam and Stern,2011).'Supra-Subduction zone'(SSZ)ophiolites such as the well-studied Tethyan ophiolites,generally display a characteristic sequential evolution from mid-oceanic ridge basalts(MORBs)to island arc tholeiities(IATs)or bonites(BONs)(Pearce,2003;Dilek and Furnes,2009,2011),which were generated in sequence from the decompression melting of asthenospheric mantle and partial melting of subduction-metasomatized depleted mantle(Stern and Bloomer,1992;Dilek and Furnes,2009;Whattam and Stern,2011).However,ophiolites with MORB and/or oceanic-island basalt(OIB)affinities are rare,and their origin and tectonic nature are poorly understood(Boedo et al.,2013;Saccani et al.,2013).It is interesting that the composition of these ophiolites from the central Tibetan Plateau(CTP)is dominated by MORBs and minor OIBs and a distinct lack of IATs and BONs,which is inconsistent with most ophiolites worldwide(Robinson and Zhou,2008;Zhang et al.,2008).But the generation and tectonic nature of these ophiolites are still controversial.*In this study,we present new geochronological,mineralogical and Sr-Nd isotopic data for the Chayong and Xiewu mafic complexes in the western Garzê-Litang suture zone(GLS),a typical Paleo-Tethyan suture crossing the CTP(Fig.1).The Triassic ophiolite in the western GLS has been described by Li et al.(2009),who foundthat it mainly consists of gabbros,diabases,pillow basalts and a few metamorphic peridotites.The ophiolite has been tectonically dismembered and crops out in Triassic clastic rocks and limestones as tectonic blocks.The Chayong and Xiewu mafic complexes are generally regarded as important fragments of the Triassic ophiolites(e.g.,Jin,2006;Li et al.,2009).Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages of234±3 Ma and 236±2 Ma can be interpreted as formation times of the Chayong and Xiewu mafic complexes,respectively.The basalts and gabbros of the Chayong complexexhibitenrichedMORB(E-MORB)compositional affinities except for a weak depletion of Nb,Ta and Ti relative to the primitive mantle,whereas the basalts and gabbros of the Xiewu complex display distinct E-MORB and OIB affinities.The geochemical features suggest a probable fractionation of olivine±clinopyroxene±plagioclase as well as insignificant crustal contamination.The geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic data reveal that the Chayong mafic rocks may have been derived from depleted MORB-type mantle metasomatized by crustal components and Xiewu mafic rocks from enriched lithosphericmantlemetasomatizedbyOIB-like components.The ratios of Zn/Fet,La/Yb and Sm/Yb indicate that these mafic melts were produced by the partial melting of garnet+minor spinel-bearing peridotite or spinel±minor garnet-bearing peridotite.We propose thatback-arcbasinspreadingassociated with OIB/seamount recycling had occurred in the western GLS at least since the Middle Triassic times,and the decompression melting of the depleted MORB-type asthenospheremantleandpartialmeltingof sub-continental lithosphere were metasomatized by plume-related melts,such as OIBs,which led to the generation of the Chayong and Xiewu mafic melts.
基金supported financially by Spark Program of Earthquake Sciences,China Earthquake Administration(XH202301Y and XH23048C)State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics,Institute of Geology,CEA(LED2020B02)+1 种基金Lhasa National Geophysical Observation and Research Station(NORSLS21-04)Earthquake Science and Technology Special Project of Sichuan Earthquake Agency(LY2205 and LY2206).
文摘The Litang fault(LTF),located in the southeast of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,is known for its high level of present-day seismicity,whereas its Pleistocene activity has been scarcely documented.This study focused on a tract of banded travertine deposits precipitated from thermal waters along the NW–SE-trending LTF trace.The role of travertine deposits in recording neotectonic activity has been studied by identifying their internal structure.Typical soft-sediment deformation structures observed within the banded travertines include micro folds,liquefied breccia,and liquefied diapirs.These deformed structures,which are restricted to a single unit separated unconformably by undeformed layers,can be traced for tens of meters,indicating that they were formed by seismic shaking triggered by LTF activity.The deformation of the banded travertine layers is attributed to the combined effects of seismic shaking,liquefaction,and fluidization,and it can be related to a paleo earthquake event with a magnitude of MS>5.The U-series ages obtained from the banded travertine deposits perturbed by the earthquakes are in the range of 130.59–112.94 ka,indicating an important fault-assisted neotectonic activity that occurred during the Middle–Late Pleistocene.Analysis of such structures,in combination with the use of U-series dating methods,can yield a reliable timing of neotectonic activity and provide new evidence for understanding the seismotectonic setting of the Litang area.
基金the Natiomal Basic Recearch Prognam(Gant No.2004CB418401) the Ministy of Sciance&Technology,PRC(Grcnt No.2003DIA6N005).
文摘The Litang fault zone (LFZ) is an active fault zone within the northwestern Sichuan sub-block. Field investigation reveals new evidence for its late Quaternary offset, neoteric earthquake ruptures and surface-rupturing segmentation, from which long-term slip-rates, char-acteristic earthquake magnitudes and recurrence intervals on the fault zone are estimated. This study shows that the LFZ consists of three subordinate faults, and they are the northern Maoyaba fault, Litang fault and Kangga-Dewu fault, respectively. All of them are dominated by left-lateral strike-slip with reverse dip-slip component on different segments. Based on offset landforms and ages of relevant deposits collected from seven sites, it is estimated that the average left-lateral slip-rate on the LFZ reaches 4.0±1.0 mm/a in the past 14 ka BP, and vertical (reverse) dip-slip rate in the range of 0.1―1.8 mm/a. Three subordinate faults are independent earthquake rup-turing segments, on which the maximum moment magnitude of the characteristic earthquakes is estimated to be 7.0―7.3, and their average recurrence interval to be 500―1000 a. The latest earthquake ruptures occurred 119±2 years ago on the northern Maoyaba fault, about 1890 AD on the Litang fault, and in 1948 AD on the Kangga-Dewu fault, and this may indicate a unidirectional migration for surface rupturing earthquakes along the Litang fault zone, related to stress trigger-ing between the segments.
