Interfacial reaction, tensile strength and creep resistance of Sn-58Bi-x Zn(x=0, 0.7, mass fraction, %) solder samples during liquid-state aging were investigated. The coarsening of Bi and the growth of Cu-Sn intermet...Interfacial reaction, tensile strength and creep resistance of Sn-58Bi-x Zn(x=0, 0.7, mass fraction, %) solder samples during liquid-state aging were investigated. The coarsening of Bi and the growth of Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds(IMCs) in Sn-58Bi-0.7Zn solder sample were both effectively suppressed. With the addition of 0.7% Zn, ultimate tensile strengths(UTSs) of the Sn-58 Bi solder slabs were respectively increased by 6.05% and 5.50% after reflow soldering and liquid-state aging, and those of the Cu/Sn-58Bi/Cu solder joints were also increased by 21.51% and 29.27%, respectively. The increase in strengthening effect of Cu/Sn-58Bi-x Zn/Cu solder joints could be attributed to the fracture surface which was changed from the Cu/IMC interface to the IMC/solder interface due to the finer Bi grain. Nanoindentation results revealed that the creep behavior of Sn-58Bi-0.7Zn solder was significantly improved compared with that of the eutectic Sn-58 Bi solder after reflow soldering and liquid-state aging.展开更多
In order to study the in?uence of the physical state of solder on the interfacial reaction of dip-soldered Sn-3.0 Ag-0.5 Cu/Cu system, two kinds of experiments were designed, including:(1) solid-state aging between th...In order to study the in?uence of the physical state of solder on the interfacial reaction of dip-soldered Sn-3.0 Ag-0.5 Cu/Cu system, two kinds of experiments were designed, including:(1) solid-state aging between the solder and Cu substrate;(2)liquid-state aging between the metastable supercooled liquid-state solder and Cu substrate. The aging times were 30, 60,120 and 180 min, respectively, and the aging temperature was 8 ℃ lower than the melting point of the Sn-3.0 Ag-0.5 Cu(SAC305) alloy(217 ℃). The experimental data revealed that the physical state of the solder obviously affected the formation of the intermetallic compound(IMC), and resulted in the difference in the diffusion of atoms on the interface between the SAC305 solder and Cu substrate. The IMC interface after aging for 30 min presents unique characteristics compared with that of the sample after dip soldering. The IMC interface of solid-state aged SAC305/Cu couple is relatively planar, while the IMC interface under metastable supercooled liquid-state aging conditions presents scallop-like shape.展开更多
All-safe liquid-state lithium-ion batteries(ASLS-LIBs) is of great interest as they can potentially combine the safety of all-solid-state batteries with the high performance and low manufacturing cost of traditional l...All-safe liquid-state lithium-ion batteries(ASLS-LIBs) is of great interest as they can potentially combine the safety of all-solid-state batteries with the high performance and low manufacturing cost of traditional liquid-state LIBs. However, the practical success of ASLS-LIBs is bottlenecked by the lack of advanced separator technology that can simultaneously realize high performances in puncturing-tolerability,fire-resistance, and importantly, wetting-capability with non-flammable liquid-electrolytes. Here, we propose a concept of inorganic in-situ separator(IISS) by hybrid-sol physical crosslinking directly onto the electrode surface to address the above challenges. Particularly, the hybrid-sol is designed with silica nanoparticles as the building block and poly(vinylidene difluoride) nanoparticles as the crosslinking agent. The critical factors for controlling the IISS microstructures and properties have been systematically investigated. The advantages of the IISS have been confirmed by its fast wetting with various fireresistant liquid-electrolytes, customizable thickness and porous structures, robust interface with planar or three-dimensional(3D)-structured electrodes, and importantly, unexpected self-adaptability against puncturing. Enabled by the above merits, a fire-resistant ASLS-LIB is successfully assembled and demonstrated with stable electrochemical performance. This sol-crosslinked IISS may open an avenue for the studies on the next-generation separator technology, cell assembling, solid electrolyte processing as well as non-flammable secondary batteries.展开更多
在“双碳”目标驱动的能源转型过程中,可再生能源在电网中占比显著提高。然而,风光发电的出力波动性给电网运行稳定性带来巨大压力,规模储能技术是破解这一难题的重要解决方案。在规模储能系统中,状态估计技术通过实时监测和分析储能系...在“双碳”目标驱动的能源转型过程中,可再生能源在电网中占比显著提高。然而,风光发电的出力波动性给电网运行稳定性带来巨大压力,规模储能技术是破解这一难题的重要解决方案。在规模储能系统中,状态估计技术通过实时监测和分析储能系统的关键参数,为系统控制和优化提供数据基础;成组管理技术通过管控储能电池单元状态、提升系统效率,实现储能系统的高效运行与多场景应用。状态估计与成组管理技术的深度融合,共同支撑规模储能系统高效稳定运行。液态金属电池作为一种新型储能技术,凭借其低成本、长寿命和本征安全等优势,在可再生能源电力调峰等规模储能应用方面极具应用潜力。现有储能系统主要采用锂离子电池作为储能单元,已有的研究也非常深入,但由于电池体系及特性不同,适用于锂离子电池的状态估计与成组管理技术无法应用于液态金属电池体系,因此针对液态金属电池的状态估计与成组管理技术亟须进一步发展。本文聚焦液态金属电池状态估计与成组技术,对现有研究进展进行综述。首先,介绍液态金属电池的工作原理;然后,从液态金属电池电化学模型和等效电路模型出发,介绍液态金属电池荷电状态(State of charge,SOC)和健康状态(State of health,SOH)估计研究现状;接着从电池分选、电池管理和热管理的角度,总结规模化液态金属电池成组管理技术的研究进展;最后,分析液态金属电池在电力系统规模储能应用中存在的挑战,旨在为液态金属电池产业化发展提供参考。展开更多
基金Project(51074112)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Interfacial reaction, tensile strength and creep resistance of Sn-58Bi-x Zn(x=0, 0.7, mass fraction, %) solder samples during liquid-state aging were investigated. The coarsening of Bi and the growth of Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds(IMCs) in Sn-58Bi-0.7Zn solder sample were both effectively suppressed. With the addition of 0.7% Zn, ultimate tensile strengths(UTSs) of the Sn-58 Bi solder slabs were respectively increased by 6.05% and 5.50% after reflow soldering and liquid-state aging, and those of the Cu/Sn-58Bi/Cu solder joints were also increased by 21.51% and 29.27%, respectively. The increase in strengthening effect of Cu/Sn-58Bi-x Zn/Cu solder joints could be attributed to the fracture surface which was changed from the Cu/IMC interface to the IMC/solder interface due to the finer Bi grain. Nanoindentation results revealed that the creep behavior of Sn-58Bi-0.7Zn solder was significantly improved compared with that of the eutectic Sn-58 Bi solder after reflow soldering and liquid-state aging.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51465039, 51665038 and 51765040)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (No. 20161BAB206122)the Nature Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (No. 2016JM5085)
文摘In order to study the in?uence of the physical state of solder on the interfacial reaction of dip-soldered Sn-3.0 Ag-0.5 Cu/Cu system, two kinds of experiments were designed, including:(1) solid-state aging between the solder and Cu substrate;(2)liquid-state aging between the metastable supercooled liquid-state solder and Cu substrate. The aging times were 30, 60,120 and 180 min, respectively, and the aging temperature was 8 ℃ lower than the melting point of the Sn-3.0 Ag-0.5 Cu(SAC305) alloy(217 ℃). The experimental data revealed that the physical state of the solder obviously affected the formation of the intermetallic compound(IMC), and resulted in the difference in the diffusion of atoms on the interface between the SAC305 solder and Cu substrate. The IMC interface after aging for 30 min presents unique characteristics compared with that of the sample after dip soldering. The IMC interface of solid-state aged SAC305/Cu couple is relatively planar, while the IMC interface under metastable supercooled liquid-state aging conditions presents scallop-like shape.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (52203123)Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2023NSFSC0991)+2 种基金State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering (sklpme-2023-1-05 and sklpme-2024-2-04)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesThis research was also partially sponsored by the Double First-Class Construction Funds of Sichuan University。
文摘All-safe liquid-state lithium-ion batteries(ASLS-LIBs) is of great interest as they can potentially combine the safety of all-solid-state batteries with the high performance and low manufacturing cost of traditional liquid-state LIBs. However, the practical success of ASLS-LIBs is bottlenecked by the lack of advanced separator technology that can simultaneously realize high performances in puncturing-tolerability,fire-resistance, and importantly, wetting-capability with non-flammable liquid-electrolytes. Here, we propose a concept of inorganic in-situ separator(IISS) by hybrid-sol physical crosslinking directly onto the electrode surface to address the above challenges. Particularly, the hybrid-sol is designed with silica nanoparticles as the building block and poly(vinylidene difluoride) nanoparticles as the crosslinking agent. The critical factors for controlling the IISS microstructures and properties have been systematically investigated. The advantages of the IISS have been confirmed by its fast wetting with various fireresistant liquid-electrolytes, customizable thickness and porous structures, robust interface with planar or three-dimensional(3D)-structured electrodes, and importantly, unexpected self-adaptability against puncturing. Enabled by the above merits, a fire-resistant ASLS-LIB is successfully assembled and demonstrated with stable electrochemical performance. This sol-crosslinked IISS may open an avenue for the studies on the next-generation separator technology, cell assembling, solid electrolyte processing as well as non-flammable secondary batteries.
文摘在“双碳”目标驱动的能源转型过程中,可再生能源在电网中占比显著提高。然而,风光发电的出力波动性给电网运行稳定性带来巨大压力,规模储能技术是破解这一难题的重要解决方案。在规模储能系统中,状态估计技术通过实时监测和分析储能系统的关键参数,为系统控制和优化提供数据基础;成组管理技术通过管控储能电池单元状态、提升系统效率,实现储能系统的高效运行与多场景应用。状态估计与成组管理技术的深度融合,共同支撑规模储能系统高效稳定运行。液态金属电池作为一种新型储能技术,凭借其低成本、长寿命和本征安全等优势,在可再生能源电力调峰等规模储能应用方面极具应用潜力。现有储能系统主要采用锂离子电池作为储能单元,已有的研究也非常深入,但由于电池体系及特性不同,适用于锂离子电池的状态估计与成组管理技术无法应用于液态金属电池体系,因此针对液态金属电池的状态估计与成组管理技术亟须进一步发展。本文聚焦液态金属电池状态估计与成组技术,对现有研究进展进行综述。首先,介绍液态金属电池的工作原理;然后,从液态金属电池电化学模型和等效电路模型出发,介绍液态金属电池荷电状态(State of charge,SOC)和健康状态(State of health,SOH)估计研究现状;接着从电池分选、电池管理和热管理的角度,总结规模化液态金属电池成组管理技术的研究进展;最后,分析液态金属电池在电力系统规模储能应用中存在的挑战,旨在为液态金属电池产业化发展提供参考。
