Web data extraction has become a key technology for extracting valuable data from websites.At present,most extraction methods based on rule learning,visual pattern or tree matching have limited performance on complex ...Web data extraction has become a key technology for extracting valuable data from websites.At present,most extraction methods based on rule learning,visual pattern or tree matching have limited performance on complex web pages.Through ana-lyzing various statistical characteristics of HTML el-ements in web documents,this paper proposes,based on statistical features,an unsupervised web data ex-traction method—traversing the HTML DOM parse tree at first,calculating and generating the statistical matrix of the elements,and then locating data records by clustering method and heuristic rules that reveal in-herent links between the visual characteristics of the data recording areas and the statistical characteristics of the HTML nodes—which is both suitable for data records extraction of single-page and multi-pages,and it has strong generality and needs no training.The ex-periments show that the accuracy and efficiency of this method are equally better than the current data extrac-tion method.展开更多
Condensed and hydrolysable tannins are non-toxic natural polyphenols that are a commercial commodity industrialized for tanning hides to obtain leather and for a growing number of other industrial applications mainly ...Condensed and hydrolysable tannins are non-toxic natural polyphenols that are a commercial commodity industrialized for tanning hides to obtain leather and for a growing number of other industrial applications mainly to substitute petroleum-based products.They are a definite class of sustainable materials of the forestry industry.They have been in operation for hundreds of years to manufacture leather and now for a growing number of applications in a variety of other industries,such as wood adhesives,metal coating,pharmaceutical/medical applications and several others.This review presents the main sources,either already or potentially commercial of this forestry by-materials,their industrial and laboratory extraction systems,their systems of analysis with their advantages and drawbacks,be these methods so simple to even appear primitive but nonetheless of proven effectiveness,or very modern and instrumental.It constitutes a basic but essential summary of what is necessary to know of these sustainable materials.In doing so,the review highlights some of the main challenges that remain to be addressed to deliver the quality and economics of tannin supply necessary to fulfill the industrial production requirements for some materials-based uses.展开更多
Bio-oil is a renewable fuel that can be obtained from biomass waste,such as empty palm fruit bunches,sugarcane bagasse,and rice husks.Within a biorefinery framework,bio-oil had not met the standards as a fuel due to t...Bio-oil is a renewable fuel that can be obtained from biomass waste,such as empty palm fruit bunches,sugarcane bagasse,and rice husks.Within a biorefinery framework,bio-oil had not met the standards as a fuel due to the presence of impurities like corrosive phenol.Therefore,the separation of phenol from bio-oil is essential and can be achieved using the extraction method.In this study,biomass wastes(empty fruit bunches of oil palm,sugarcane bagasse,and rice husk)were pyrolyzed in a biorefinery framework to produce bio-oil,which was then refined through liquid-liquid extraction with a methanol-chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents to remove its phenolic compound.The extraction with methanol-chloroform solvent was carried out for 1 h at 50℃.Meanwhile,extraction with ethyl acetate solvent was carried out for 3 h at 70℃.Both extractions used the same variations,i.e.,bio-oil:solvent ratio at 1:1,1:2,1:3,and 1:4,and stirring speeds of 150 rpm,200 rpm,250 rpm,and 300 rpm.The bio-oil obtained from this study contained complex chemical compounds and had characteristics such as a pH of 5,a density of 1.116 g/mL,and a viscosity of 29.57 cSt.Theoptimization results using response surface methodology(RSM)showed that the best yield formethanolchloroform was 72.98%at a stirring speed of 250 rpm and a ratio of 1:3.As for ethyl acetate solvent,the highest yield obtained was 71.78%at a stirring speed of 237.145 rpm and a ratio of 1:2.展开更多
In recent years,with the rapid development of deep learning technology,relational triplet extraction techniques have also achieved groundbreaking progress.Traditional pipeline models have certain limitations due to er...In recent years,with the rapid development of deep learning technology,relational triplet extraction techniques have also achieved groundbreaking progress.Traditional pipeline models have certain limitations due to error propagation.To overcome the limitations of traditional pipeline models,recent research has focused on jointly modeling the two key subtasks-named entity recognition and relation extraction-within a unified framework.To support future research,this paper provides a comprehensive review of recently published studies in the field of relational triplet extraction.The review examines commonly used public datasets for relational triplet extraction techniques and systematically reviews current mainstream joint extraction methods,including joint decoding methods and parameter sharing methods,with joint decoding methods further divided into table filling,tagging,and sequence-to-sequence approaches.In addition,this paper also conducts small-scale replication experiments on models that have performed well in recent years for each method to verify the reproducibility of the code and to compare the performance of different models under uniform conditions.Each method has its own advantages in terms of model design,task handling,and application scenarios,but also faces challenges such as processing complex sentence structures,cross-sentence relation extraction,and adaptability in low-resource environments.Finally,this paper systematically summarizes each method and discusses the future development prospects of joint extraction of relational triples.展开更多
[Objectives]To optimize the optimal extraction process of Qingdu Jianpi Mixture.[Methods]Taking water addition ratio,extraction time and extraction times as process investigation factors,psoralen content,astilbin cont...[Objectives]To optimize the optimal extraction process of Qingdu Jianpi Mixture.[Methods]Taking water addition ratio,extraction time and extraction times as process investigation factors,psoralen content,astilbin content and dry extract yield as evaluation indicators,the main influencing factors and level range of the extraction process of Qingdu Jianpi Mixture were determined on the basis of single factor test method,and the optimal weight coefficient was screened by AHP-entropy method mixed with weighting method.Combined with L_(9)(3^(4))orthogonal experiment,the best extraction process was obtained.At the same time,thin-layer chromatographic identification was used to identify Ficus simplicissima Lour.and Smilax glabra Roxb.in the medicinal liquid.[Results]The best extraction process:add 1:12 water to the prescription decoction pieces,extract under reflux for 2 times,1.5 h per time,and combine the filtrate to 250 mL.Thin layer chromatography analysis showed that the spots of Ficus simplicissima Lour.and Smilax glabra Roxb.in the medicinal solution were the same as those of reference substances at the corresponding positions,and the negative control had no interference.[Conclusions]The experimental method is reasonable and feasible,and the process is reliable,which can provide experimental reference for the subsequent application of in-hospital preparations and research and development of Qingdu Jianpi Mixture.展开更多
Unlike primary metabolites,secondary metabolites serve critical ecological functions,including plant protection,stress tolerance,and symbiosis.This review focuses on extracting,separating,and identifying the major cla...Unlike primary metabolites,secondary metabolites serve critical ecological functions,including plant protection,stress tolerance,and symbiosis.This review focuses on extracting,separating,and identifying the major classes of secondary metabolites,including alkaloids,terpenoids,phenolics,glycosides,saponins,and coumarins.It describes optimized methods regarding plant selection,extraction by solvents,and purification of the metabolites,highlighting the latest advancements in chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques.The review also describes some of the most important problems,such as the instability of the compounds or diversity of the structures,and discusses emerging technologies that solve these issues.Moreover,it examines the secondary roles of these metabolites in medicine,such as anticancer and antimicrobial drugs,sustainable agriculture biopesticides,and environmental ecology-also known as allelopathy and bioindicators.It combines traditional ethnobotanical approaches with contem-porary science,demonstrating the vital need to protect biodiversity in key ecosystems such as tropical rainforests,mountain regions,coral reefs,and arid zones as a foundation for anticipatory bio-discoveries.It organizes the methodological frameworks and outlines the steps needed to enhance the extraction of bioactive compounds from natural sources.展开更多
Sustainable extraction methods for natural extracts are crucial for mitigating environmental impact.Strategies that focus on waste reduction and resource efficiency contribute to long-term conservation.Hemp seeds,whic...Sustainable extraction methods for natural extracts are crucial for mitigating environmental impact.Strategies that focus on waste reduction and resource efficiency contribute to long-term conservation.Hemp seeds,which were previously treated as waste product,are now valued for their nutrition and functional properties.This study investigated sustainable extraction methods for obtaining natural extracts from hemp seeds,with a focus on reducing environmental impact through efficient resource utilization and waste reduction.The extraction methods compared included supercritical fluid extraction(SFE),Soxhlet extraction(SOX),ultrasound-assisted extraction(UAE),cold maceration(CM),and cold pressing(CP).The contents of antioxidants,total phenols,and fatty acids in the extracts were analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The extracts were subsequently formulated into organogels to evaluate the stability of the fatty acids.The results showed that SFE and CP were the most efficient and environmentally friendly methods,with SFE allowing complete separation of the solvent from the extract.CP was also found to be effective and environmentally friendly.The study confirmed that formulating extracts in organogels effectively inhibited fatty acid oxidation,although a reduction in fatty acid content was observed during gel production.Overall,the formulation of extracts in organogels increased their stability,especially in preventing fatty acid degradation.展开更多
Gold(Au)and palladium(Pd)play an increasing role in the production and human life;Therefore,it is of great significance to study their recovery.A 5,11,17,23-tetra-ethylthio-25,26,27,28-tetra-hydroxyl thiacalix[4]arene...Gold(Au)and palladium(Pd)play an increasing role in the production and human life;Therefore,it is of great significance to study their recovery.A 5,11,17,23-tetra-ethylthio-25,26,27,28-tetra-hydroxyl thiacalix[4]arene(TCAET)was synthesized specifically for the capture of Au(Ⅲ)and Pd(Ⅱ)from HCl medium by liquid-liquid extraction.In a 0.1 mol·L^(-1)HCl medium,the transfer of Au(Ⅲ)and Pd(Ⅱ)from the aqueous phase to the organic phase was highly efficient,with a transfer ratio of 100%for Au(Ⅲ)and 98%for Pd(Ⅱ).Furthermore,the extraction equilibrium time for Au(Ⅲ)was just 5 min.Job's method data demonstrated that TCAET formed complexes with Au(Ⅲ)and Pd(Ⅱ)in a ratio of 2:3 and 1:1,respectively,during the extraction process.TCAET showed high selectivity toward Pd(Ⅱ)and Au(Ⅲ)over other competing metal ions.Moreover,both Au(Ⅲ)and Pd(Ⅱ)could be successfully stripped from the loaded organic phases with a 1.0 mol·L^(-1)thiourea in 0.5 mol·L^(-1)HCl and 0.5 mol·L^(-1)thiourea in 0.5 mol·L^(-1)HCl,respectively.Results obtained from five consecutive extraction-stripping cycles showed good reusability of TCAET toward Au(Ⅲ)and Pd(Ⅱ)recovery.The conclusion can provide a certain reference for thiacalixarene in the recovery of precious metal species.展开更多
This article introduces the concept of load aggregation,which involves a comprehensive analysis of loads to acquire their external characteristics for the purpose of modeling and analyzing power systems.The online ide...This article introduces the concept of load aggregation,which involves a comprehensive analysis of loads to acquire their external characteristics for the purpose of modeling and analyzing power systems.The online identification method is a computer-involved approach for data collection,processing,and system identification,commonly used for adaptive control and prediction.This paper proposes a method for dynamically aggregating large-scale adjustable loads to support high proportions of new energy integration,aiming to study the aggregation characteristics of regional large-scale adjustable loads using online identification techniques and feature extraction methods.The experiment selected 300 central air conditioners as the research subject and analyzed their regulation characteristics,economic efficiency,and comfort.The experimental results show that as the adjustment time of the air conditioner increases from 5 minutes to 35 minutes,the stable adjustment quantity during the adjustment period decreases from 28.46 to 3.57,indicating that air conditioning loads can be controlled over a long period and have better adjustment effects in the short term.Overall,the experimental results of this paper demonstrate that analyzing the aggregation characteristics of regional large-scale adjustable loads using online identification techniques and feature extraction algorithms is effective.展开更多
By using the cyclic liquid-liquid extraction method the lignin biodegradated derivatives can be effectively extracted from the effluent liquors in ligninolytic enzymes treated kraft pulps. More than forty compounds we...By using the cyclic liquid-liquid extraction method the lignin biodegradated derivatives can be effectively extracted from the effluent liquors in ligninolytic enzymes treated kraft pulps. More than forty compounds were identified from the extractives by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The result showed that lignin is treated with different ligninolytic enzymes, and the composition and content of the extractives differ obviously. These results suggest that the cyclic liquid-liquid extraction method can be used effectively as one new technique for the study of lignin biodegrada-tion mechanisms.展开更多
Objective:Pretreatment of biological samples is the most critical step in pharmacokinetic studies,especially pre-treatment of plasma samples.The pretreatment of biological samples in pharmacokinetic study of Tradition...Objective:Pretreatment of biological samples is the most critical step in pharmacokinetic studies,especially pre-treatment of plasma samples.The pretreatment of biological samples in pharmacokinetic study of Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) is difficult due to the complexity of the ingredients.An organic solvent system ethyl acetate:acetone (10:1) solution used for liquid-liquid extraction has been developed in this study and compared with the commonly used protein precipitation method.Methods:Rats,Beagle dogs and humans plasma samples were adopted in this study in order to demonstrate the universality of the pretreatment method.Feasibility of this pretreatment method was also verified through its application to the pharmacokinetics of rhubarb in rats.Results:According to the results of extraction recovery matrix effect,it was indicated that the liquid-liquid extraction methods with new organic solvent might be suitable for variety of structures of compounds and various types of plasma samples.The pharmacokinetic study result showed that the developed pretreatment method could successfully be used for simultaneous determination of three active compounds modin,emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (EDG) and rhein in rat plasma with high sensitivity,accuracy,and recovery by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).Conclusion:The pretreatment method of liquid-liquid extraction methods with new organic solvent could be successfully applied for multi-component pharmacokinetics of TCM.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study is to isolate Chlorella vulgaris(chlorella)and extract its genomic DNA.[Method] Both the dilution method and drip method were employed to isolate chlorella from lake water samples;the...[Objective] The aim of this study is to isolate Chlorella vulgaris(chlorella)and extract its genomic DNA.[Method] Both the dilution method and drip method were employed to isolate chlorella from lake water samples;the conditions for culturing chlorella were optimized and its genomic DNA was extracted by improved CTAB method and SDS method.[Result] The proper conditions for chlorella culture were as following:temperature 20-25 ℃,illumination 4.39-5.86 W/m2 and rotational speed 100-150r/min;improved CTAB method was suitable for extracting genomic DNA from chlorella.[Conclusion] The study is helpful to study the chlorella at molecular level and promote the exploitation and utilization of chlorella resources.展开更多
[Objective] This study was to find out a quick,simple,and low-cost method for the extraction of sorghum genomic DNA.[Method] Four plant genomic DNA extraction methods based on CTAB,including liquid nitrogen grinding m...[Objective] This study was to find out a quick,simple,and low-cost method for the extraction of sorghum genomic DNA.[Method] Four plant genomic DNA extraction methods based on CTAB,including liquid nitrogen grinding method（method I）,buffer grinding method（method II）,drying grinding method（method III）and directly grinding method（method IV）,were used to extract the sorghum genomic DNA from leaves;further the quantity and quality of the yielded DNA were detected by gel electrophoresis,SSR-PCR and SRAP-PCR.[Result] These four methods performed no remarkable difference in DNA product.The method I and method II produced DNA with higher purity and better integrity,which,especially from method I,is effective for SRAP-PCR and SSR-PCR.While the DNA extracted via method III and method IV had less integrality and lower purity,and only effective in SSR-PCR.[Conclusion] Enough amount of sorghum genomic DNA to perform tens of PCR could be quickly extracted using all these four methods.The DNA obtained via method I and method II had a broader application spectrum（SRAP,RAPD,ISSR and SSR）than that via method III and method IV which is only proper for PCR targeting small DNA fragments（SSR）.展开更多
[Objective] The study was to explore the most effective and feasible method for sugarcane stalks RNA extraction.[Method] SDS extraction method,kit extraction method and GHCL extraction method were used to extract the ...[Objective] The study was to explore the most effective and feasible method for sugarcane stalks RNA extraction.[Method] SDS extraction method,kit extraction method and GHCL extraction method were used to extract the sugarcane RNA in stalks,and the quality of the extracted RNA was compared.[Result] RNA extracted by kit extraction method had a high-yield,the bands were clear and RNA had a good integrity,there was no significant degradation of RNA,and the OD260 nm/OD280 nm value was closed to 2.0.[Conclusion] Kit extraction method was the effectively method to extract sugarcane RNA,and this study had provided a theoretical basis for the molecular biology study of sugarcane.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed at comparing the four extraction methods of genomic DNA from Clematis fasciculiflora Franch and determining the optimal extraction method for extracting the genomic DNA from Clematis fasci...[Objective] This study aimed at comparing the four extraction methods of genomic DNA from Clematis fasciculiflora Franch and determining the optimal extraction method for extracting the genomic DNA from Clematis fasciculiflora Franch.[Method] Leavies of Clematis fasciculiflora Franch were used as materials for comparing the purity and concentration of extracted DNA and extracting time among the four extraction methods of genomic DNA including improved CTAB method Ⅰ,improved CTAB method Ⅱ,improved CTAB method Ⅲ and improved SDS method.[Result] The four extraction methods could all be successfully used for extracting the genomic DNA from Clematis fasciculiflora Franch.The purity of genomic DNA was the highest using improved CTAB method Ⅰ,with the longest extracting time;while the concentration of genomic DNA was the maximum using the improved SDS method,with the shortest extracting time and relatively low purity;the extracting time of improved CTAB method Ⅲ was the shortest.[Conclusion] This study had established the optimal extraction method for extracting the genomic DNA from Clematis fasciculiflora Franch and supported for the further research using molecular biological methods.展开更多
To rapidly obtain high-quality genomic DNA from Chenopodium quinoa Willd, the genomic DAN in different tissues （leaves, stems and roots） of Chenopodi- um quinoa Willd was extracted by modified CTAB method, SDS metho...To rapidly obtain high-quality genomic DNA from Chenopodium quinoa Willd, the genomic DAN in different tissues （leaves, stems and roots） of Chenopodi- um quinoa Willd was extracted by modified CTAB method, SDS method and high- salt Iow-pH method, respectively. The quality and yield of extracted DNA was deter- mined using agarose gel electrophoresis and UV spectrophotometry. At the same time, the PCR-SSR and SSCP molecular detection was also performed. The results showed that the gel test strips, without obvious decomposition, of all the extraction methods were relatively obvious; the genomic DNA yield extracted by modified CTAB method was highest, followed by that by SDS method, and the genomic DNA extracted by high-salt Iow-pH method was lowest： the genomic DNA yields extracted by different methods from Chenopodium quinoa Wiltd leaves were all high- er than those from roots and stems; the quality of Chenopodium quinoa Willd ge- nomic DNA extracted by modified CTAB method and high-salt Iow-pH method was better, and polyphenols, polysaccharides and other impurities were removed more completely. The PCR-SSR and SSCP detection results showed that the genomic DNA extracted by different methods from different tissues of Chenopodium quinoa Willd all could be better amplified, and high-quality strips could be obtained. So the Chenopodium quinoa Willd genomic DNA extracted by the three methods all can be used for subsequent molecular biology research.展开更多
[Objective] This paper aims to study a new method of extracting pumpkin polysaccharide from pumpkin. Single factor experiments were conducted to examine the effects of extracting time,temperature,the solid-liquid rati...[Objective] This paper aims to study a new method of extracting pumpkin polysaccharide from pumpkin. Single factor experiments were conducted to examine the effects of extracting time,temperature,the solid-liquid ratio and pH value on the extraction yield of polysaccharide from pumpkin. [Method] The best enzyme ratio and extraction conditions for complex enzymes extraction were determined through orthogonal tests. Scavenging ·OH and O-2 activities of pumpkin polysaccharides were also investigated by salicylic acid and improved self-oxidation of o-pheno methods respectively. [Results] The results showed that the biggest extraction yield of polysaccharide from pumpkin can be got when adding 1% cellulose enzyme,1.5% pectinase,1.0% papain and Na2HPO4-citric acid buffer solution (pH was 4.6),and oscillating for 30 min under water at 40 ℃ with the solid-liquid ratio of 1:30. In addition,pumpkin polysaccharides had a strong activity of eliminating ·OH,but very weak activity to scavenge O-2. [Conclusion] This study provided basic data for research and application of Pumpkin polysaccharide.展开更多
The aim of the present study was to optimize the supercritical CO_2 extraction conditions of icariin from Herba Epimedii by response surface method(RSM) and central composite design(CCD).A 3-factor,5-level CCD was use...The aim of the present study was to optimize the supercritical CO_2 extraction conditions of icariin from Herba Epimedii by response surface method(RSM) and central composite design(CCD).A 3-factor,5-level CCD was used for the optimization.Independent variables were extraction temperature,extraction pressure and entrainer flow rate.Dependent variable was yield ratio of icariin from Herba Epimedii.A two-order polynomial equation was fitted to the data.The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions were as follows:extraction temperature 46.5℃,extraction pressure 30.6 MPa,entrainer flow rate 3.3 mL/min.CCD/ RSM is convenient and highly predictive for optimizing the extraction process of icariin from Herba Epimedii.展开更多
The crushing of leaves is the most time and effort-consuming part in DNA extraction which is a fundamental step in the study of molecular biology. In this study, a new rapid and batch-oriented crushing method for DNA ...The crushing of leaves is the most time and effort-consuming part in DNA extraction which is a fundamental step in the study of molecular biology. In this study, a new rapid and batch-oriented crushing method for DNA extraction from maize leaves was developed. In addition, the practicability of the developed method in molecular marker-assisted breeding was verified using SSR molecular maker technology so as to provide a rapid, batch-oriented, low-cost and non-toxic leafcrushing method for a large number of molecular marker tests, improving test efficiency.展开更多
[Objective] To introduce an improved method for DNA extraction from the faeces of red deer. [Method] Based on the traditional method of CTAB lysis, we proposed an improved DNA extraction method according to the charac...[Objective] To introduce an improved method for DNA extraction from the faeces of red deer. [Method] Based on the traditional method of CTAB lysis, we proposed an improved DNA extraction method according to the characteristics of red deer faeces. [Result] This improved method extracted high-quality fecal DNA from Tianshan red deer and amplified the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. With the muscle and fur DNA of red deer as the control, the sequencing results further con- firmed the reliability of the method. [Conclusion] The method requires no proteinase K in the process of extraction, and the extracted DNA can be used for PCR ampli- fication directly without the purification of DNA purification kit, thus, it is cost-saving.展开更多
文摘Web data extraction has become a key technology for extracting valuable data from websites.At present,most extraction methods based on rule learning,visual pattern or tree matching have limited performance on complex web pages.Through ana-lyzing various statistical characteristics of HTML el-ements in web documents,this paper proposes,based on statistical features,an unsupervised web data ex-traction method—traversing the HTML DOM parse tree at first,calculating and generating the statistical matrix of the elements,and then locating data records by clustering method and heuristic rules that reveal in-herent links between the visual characteristics of the data recording areas and the statistical characteristics of the HTML nodes—which is both suitable for data records extraction of single-page and multi-pages,and it has strong generality and needs no training.The ex-periments show that the accuracy and efficiency of this method are equally better than the current data extrac-tion method.
文摘Condensed and hydrolysable tannins are non-toxic natural polyphenols that are a commercial commodity industrialized for tanning hides to obtain leather and for a growing number of other industrial applications mainly to substitute petroleum-based products.They are a definite class of sustainable materials of the forestry industry.They have been in operation for hundreds of years to manufacture leather and now for a growing number of applications in a variety of other industries,such as wood adhesives,metal coating,pharmaceutical/medical applications and several others.This review presents the main sources,either already or potentially commercial of this forestry by-materials,their industrial and laboratory extraction systems,their systems of analysis with their advantages and drawbacks,be these methods so simple to even appear primitive but nonetheless of proven effectiveness,or very modern and instrumental.It constitutes a basic but essential summary of what is necessary to know of these sustainable materials.In doing so,the review highlights some of the main challenges that remain to be addressed to deliver the quality and economics of tannin supply necessary to fulfill the industrial production requirements for some materials-based uses.
基金supported by theUniversitasNegeri Semarang throughDPAUNNES 2024The grant number is No.271.26.2/UN37/PPK.10/2024.
文摘Bio-oil is a renewable fuel that can be obtained from biomass waste,such as empty palm fruit bunches,sugarcane bagasse,and rice husks.Within a biorefinery framework,bio-oil had not met the standards as a fuel due to the presence of impurities like corrosive phenol.Therefore,the separation of phenol from bio-oil is essential and can be achieved using the extraction method.In this study,biomass wastes(empty fruit bunches of oil palm,sugarcane bagasse,and rice husk)were pyrolyzed in a biorefinery framework to produce bio-oil,which was then refined through liquid-liquid extraction with a methanol-chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents to remove its phenolic compound.The extraction with methanol-chloroform solvent was carried out for 1 h at 50℃.Meanwhile,extraction with ethyl acetate solvent was carried out for 3 h at 70℃.Both extractions used the same variations,i.e.,bio-oil:solvent ratio at 1:1,1:2,1:3,and 1:4,and stirring speeds of 150 rpm,200 rpm,250 rpm,and 300 rpm.The bio-oil obtained from this study contained complex chemical compounds and had characteristics such as a pH of 5,a density of 1.116 g/mL,and a viscosity of 29.57 cSt.Theoptimization results using response surface methodology(RSM)showed that the best yield formethanolchloroform was 72.98%at a stirring speed of 250 rpm and a ratio of 1:3.As for ethyl acetate solvent,the highest yield obtained was 71.78%at a stirring speed of 237.145 rpm and a ratio of 1:2.
基金funding from Key Areas Science and Technology Research Plan of Xinjiang Production And Construction Corps Financial Science and Technology Plan Project under Grant Agreement No.2023AB048 for the project:Research and Application Demonstration of Data-driven Elderly Care System.
文摘In recent years,with the rapid development of deep learning technology,relational triplet extraction techniques have also achieved groundbreaking progress.Traditional pipeline models have certain limitations due to error propagation.To overcome the limitations of traditional pipeline models,recent research has focused on jointly modeling the two key subtasks-named entity recognition and relation extraction-within a unified framework.To support future research,this paper provides a comprehensive review of recently published studies in the field of relational triplet extraction.The review examines commonly used public datasets for relational triplet extraction techniques and systematically reviews current mainstream joint extraction methods,including joint decoding methods and parameter sharing methods,with joint decoding methods further divided into table filling,tagging,and sequence-to-sequence approaches.In addition,this paper also conducts small-scale replication experiments on models that have performed well in recent years for each method to verify the reproducibility of the code and to compare the performance of different models under uniform conditions.Each method has its own advantages in terms of model design,task handling,and application scenarios,but also faces challenges such as processing complex sentence structures,cross-sentence relation extraction,and adaptability in low-resource environments.Finally,this paper systematically summarizes each method and discusses the future development prospects of joint extraction of relational triples.
基金Supported by Huang Ruisong's National Famous Old Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio Construction Project[GuoZhongYiYaoRenJiaoHan(2022)75]Hospital Pharmacy Research Project of Guangxi Pharmaceutical Association(GXYXH-202404)+4 种基金2024 Youth Science Fund Project of International Zhuang Medical Hospital(2024GZYJKT005)High-level Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Discipline Construction Project of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYYZDXK-2023165)National Old Pharmaceutical Workers Inheritance Studio Construction Project of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine[GuoZhongYiYaoRenJiaoHan(2024)255]Talent Cultivation Project-"Young Crop Project"of International Zhuang Medical Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(2022001)Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Multidisciplinary Innovation Team Project(GZKJ2309).
文摘[Objectives]To optimize the optimal extraction process of Qingdu Jianpi Mixture.[Methods]Taking water addition ratio,extraction time and extraction times as process investigation factors,psoralen content,astilbin content and dry extract yield as evaluation indicators,the main influencing factors and level range of the extraction process of Qingdu Jianpi Mixture were determined on the basis of single factor test method,and the optimal weight coefficient was screened by AHP-entropy method mixed with weighting method.Combined with L_(9)(3^(4))orthogonal experiment,the best extraction process was obtained.At the same time,thin-layer chromatographic identification was used to identify Ficus simplicissima Lour.and Smilax glabra Roxb.in the medicinal liquid.[Results]The best extraction process:add 1:12 water to the prescription decoction pieces,extract under reflux for 2 times,1.5 h per time,and combine the filtrate to 250 mL.Thin layer chromatography analysis showed that the spots of Ficus simplicissima Lour.and Smilax glabra Roxb.in the medicinal solution were the same as those of reference substances at the corresponding positions,and the negative control had no interference.[Conclusions]The experimental method is reasonable and feasible,and the process is reliable,which can provide experimental reference for the subsequent application of in-hospital preparations and research and development of Qingdu Jianpi Mixture.
文摘Unlike primary metabolites,secondary metabolites serve critical ecological functions,including plant protection,stress tolerance,and symbiosis.This review focuses on extracting,separating,and identifying the major classes of secondary metabolites,including alkaloids,terpenoids,phenolics,glycosides,saponins,and coumarins.It describes optimized methods regarding plant selection,extraction by solvents,and purification of the metabolites,highlighting the latest advancements in chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques.The review also describes some of the most important problems,such as the instability of the compounds or diversity of the structures,and discusses emerging technologies that solve these issues.Moreover,it examines the secondary roles of these metabolites in medicine,such as anticancer and antimicrobial drugs,sustainable agriculture biopesticides,and environmental ecology-also known as allelopathy and bioindicators.It combines traditional ethnobotanical approaches with contem-porary science,demonstrating the vital need to protect biodiversity in key ecosystems such as tropical rainforests,mountain regions,coral reefs,and arid zones as a foundation for anticipatory bio-discoveries.It organizes the methodological frameworks and outlines the steps needed to enhance the extraction of bioactive compounds from natural sources.
基金Support from the Slovenian Research Agency through grant P2-0046 L2-3175 is gratefully acknowledgedthe funding within the project‘Upgrading National Research Infrastructures—RIUM’cofinanced by the Republic of Slovenia,the Ministry of Higher Education,Science and Innovation,and the European Union from the European Regional Development Fund.
文摘Sustainable extraction methods for natural extracts are crucial for mitigating environmental impact.Strategies that focus on waste reduction and resource efficiency contribute to long-term conservation.Hemp seeds,which were previously treated as waste product,are now valued for their nutrition and functional properties.This study investigated sustainable extraction methods for obtaining natural extracts from hemp seeds,with a focus on reducing environmental impact through efficient resource utilization and waste reduction.The extraction methods compared included supercritical fluid extraction(SFE),Soxhlet extraction(SOX),ultrasound-assisted extraction(UAE),cold maceration(CM),and cold pressing(CP).The contents of antioxidants,total phenols,and fatty acids in the extracts were analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The extracts were subsequently formulated into organogels to evaluate the stability of the fatty acids.The results showed that SFE and CP were the most efficient and environmentally friendly methods,with SFE allowing complete separation of the solvent from the extract.CP was also found to be effective and environmentally friendly.The study confirmed that formulating extracts in organogels effectively inhibited fatty acid oxidation,although a reduction in fatty acid content was observed during gel production.Overall,the formulation of extracts in organogels increased their stability,especially in preventing fatty acid degradation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A20268)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2020JJ1004)Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate(CX20211190)。
文摘Gold(Au)and palladium(Pd)play an increasing role in the production and human life;Therefore,it is of great significance to study their recovery.A 5,11,17,23-tetra-ethylthio-25,26,27,28-tetra-hydroxyl thiacalix[4]arene(TCAET)was synthesized specifically for the capture of Au(Ⅲ)and Pd(Ⅱ)from HCl medium by liquid-liquid extraction.In a 0.1 mol·L^(-1)HCl medium,the transfer of Au(Ⅲ)and Pd(Ⅱ)from the aqueous phase to the organic phase was highly efficient,with a transfer ratio of 100%for Au(Ⅲ)and 98%for Pd(Ⅱ).Furthermore,the extraction equilibrium time for Au(Ⅲ)was just 5 min.Job's method data demonstrated that TCAET formed complexes with Au(Ⅲ)and Pd(Ⅱ)in a ratio of 2:3 and 1:1,respectively,during the extraction process.TCAET showed high selectivity toward Pd(Ⅱ)and Au(Ⅲ)over other competing metal ions.Moreover,both Au(Ⅲ)and Pd(Ⅱ)could be successfully stripped from the loaded organic phases with a 1.0 mol·L^(-1)thiourea in 0.5 mol·L^(-1)HCl and 0.5 mol·L^(-1)thiourea in 0.5 mol·L^(-1)HCl,respectively.Results obtained from five consecutive extraction-stripping cycles showed good reusability of TCAET toward Au(Ⅲ)and Pd(Ⅱ)recovery.The conclusion can provide a certain reference for thiacalixarene in the recovery of precious metal species.
基金supported by the State Grid Science&Technology Project(5100-202114296A-0-0-00).
文摘This article introduces the concept of load aggregation,which involves a comprehensive analysis of loads to acquire their external characteristics for the purpose of modeling and analyzing power systems.The online identification method is a computer-involved approach for data collection,processing,and system identification,commonly used for adaptive control and prediction.This paper proposes a method for dynamically aggregating large-scale adjustable loads to support high proportions of new energy integration,aiming to study the aggregation characteristics of regional large-scale adjustable loads using online identification techniques and feature extraction methods.The experiment selected 300 central air conditioners as the research subject and analyzed their regulation characteristics,economic efficiency,and comfort.The experimental results show that as the adjustment time of the air conditioner increases from 5 minutes to 35 minutes,the stable adjustment quantity during the adjustment period decreases from 28.46 to 3.57,indicating that air conditioning loads can be controlled over a long period and have better adjustment effects in the short term.Overall,the experimental results of this paper demonstrate that analyzing the aggregation characteristics of regional large-scale adjustable loads using online identification techniques and feature extraction algorithms is effective.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.39770019).
文摘By using the cyclic liquid-liquid extraction method the lignin biodegradated derivatives can be effectively extracted from the effluent liquors in ligninolytic enzymes treated kraft pulps. More than forty compounds were identified from the extractives by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The result showed that lignin is treated with different ligninolytic enzymes, and the composition and content of the extractives differ obviously. These results suggest that the cyclic liquid-liquid extraction method can be used effectively as one new technique for the study of lignin biodegrada-tion mechanisms.
文摘Objective:Pretreatment of biological samples is the most critical step in pharmacokinetic studies,especially pre-treatment of plasma samples.The pretreatment of biological samples in pharmacokinetic study of Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) is difficult due to the complexity of the ingredients.An organic solvent system ethyl acetate:acetone (10:1) solution used for liquid-liquid extraction has been developed in this study and compared with the commonly used protein precipitation method.Methods:Rats,Beagle dogs and humans plasma samples were adopted in this study in order to demonstrate the universality of the pretreatment method.Feasibility of this pretreatment method was also verified through its application to the pharmacokinetics of rhubarb in rats.Results:According to the results of extraction recovery matrix effect,it was indicated that the liquid-liquid extraction methods with new organic solvent might be suitable for variety of structures of compounds and various types of plasma samples.The pharmacokinetic study result showed that the developed pretreatment method could successfully be used for simultaneous determination of three active compounds modin,emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (EDG) and rhein in rat plasma with high sensitivity,accuracy,and recovery by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).Conclusion:The pretreatment method of liquid-liquid extraction methods with new organic solvent could be successfully applied for multi-component pharmacokinetics of TCM.
基金Supported by the High-level Talents Start-up Fund of Shihezi University(07002-500002061401)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study is to isolate Chlorella vulgaris(chlorella)and extract its genomic DNA.[Method] Both the dilution method and drip method were employed to isolate chlorella from lake water samples;the conditions for culturing chlorella were optimized and its genomic DNA was extracted by improved CTAB method and SDS method.[Result] The proper conditions for chlorella culture were as following:temperature 20-25 ℃,illumination 4.39-5.86 W/m2 and rotational speed 100-150r/min;improved CTAB method was suitable for extracting genomic DNA from chlorella.[Conclusion] The study is helpful to study the chlorella at molecular level and promote the exploitation and utilization of chlorella resources.
基金Supported by Key Technology R&D Program of Tianjin(10ZCKFNC00100)National Key Technology R&D Program(2007BAD42B03)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was to find out a quick,simple,and low-cost method for the extraction of sorghum genomic DNA.[Method] Four plant genomic DNA extraction methods based on CTAB,including liquid nitrogen grinding method（method I）,buffer grinding method（method II）,drying grinding method（method III）and directly grinding method（method IV）,were used to extract the sorghum genomic DNA from leaves;further the quantity and quality of the yielded DNA were detected by gel electrophoresis,SSR-PCR and SRAP-PCR.[Result] These four methods performed no remarkable difference in DNA product.The method I and method II produced DNA with higher purity and better integrity,which,especially from method I,is effective for SRAP-PCR and SSR-PCR.While the DNA extracted via method III and method IV had less integrality and lower purity,and only effective in SSR-PCR.[Conclusion] Enough amount of sorghum genomic DNA to perform tens of PCR could be quickly extracted using all these four methods.The DNA obtained via method I and method II had a broader application spectrum（SRAP,RAPD,ISSR and SSR）than that via method III and method IV which is only proper for PCR targeting small DNA fragments（SSR）.
基金Supported by Schools Fund of Hainan University(hd09xm62 )Higher Education Research Foundation Program of Hainan Provin-cial Education Department (Hjkj2010-17)Technology Foundation Program of South China Tropical Agricultural University(Rnd0710)~~
文摘[Objective] The study was to explore the most effective and feasible method for sugarcane stalks RNA extraction.[Method] SDS extraction method,kit extraction method and GHCL extraction method were used to extract the sugarcane RNA in stalks,and the quality of the extracted RNA was compared.[Result] RNA extracted by kit extraction method had a high-yield,the bands were clear and RNA had a good integrity,there was no significant degradation of RNA,and the OD260 nm/OD280 nm value was closed to 2.0.[Conclusion] Kit extraction method was the effectively method to extract sugarcane RNA,and this study had provided a theoretical basis for the molecular biology study of sugarcane.
基金Supported by Applied Basic Research Project of Yunnan Province(2010ZC089)the948Project of National Forestry Bureau(2008-4-11)+1 种基金Sharing Platform Project of Provincial and Ministerial Key Subject,Key Laboratory and School Laboratory of Provincial Colleges and Universities in Yunnan ProvinceScience and Technology Innovation Fund of Southwest Forestry University~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed at comparing the four extraction methods of genomic DNA from Clematis fasciculiflora Franch and determining the optimal extraction method for extracting the genomic DNA from Clematis fasciculiflora Franch.[Method] Leavies of Clematis fasciculiflora Franch were used as materials for comparing the purity and concentration of extracted DNA and extracting time among the four extraction methods of genomic DNA including improved CTAB method Ⅰ,improved CTAB method Ⅱ,improved CTAB method Ⅲ and improved SDS method.[Result] The four extraction methods could all be successfully used for extracting the genomic DNA from Clematis fasciculiflora Franch.The purity of genomic DNA was the highest using improved CTAB method Ⅰ,with the longest extracting time;while the concentration of genomic DNA was the maximum using the improved SDS method,with the shortest extracting time and relatively low purity;the extracting time of improved CTAB method Ⅲ was the shortest.[Conclusion] This study had established the optimal extraction method for extracting the genomic DNA from Clematis fasciculiflora Franch and supported for the further research using molecular biological methods.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31301372)Key Project of Science and Technology Plan of Zhejiang Province(2011C12030)Innovation Training Project of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University(201301004)~~
文摘To rapidly obtain high-quality genomic DNA from Chenopodium quinoa Willd, the genomic DAN in different tissues （leaves, stems and roots） of Chenopodi- um quinoa Willd was extracted by modified CTAB method, SDS method and high- salt Iow-pH method, respectively. The quality and yield of extracted DNA was deter- mined using agarose gel electrophoresis and UV spectrophotometry. At the same time, the PCR-SSR and SSCP molecular detection was also performed. The results showed that the gel test strips, without obvious decomposition, of all the extraction methods were relatively obvious; the genomic DNA yield extracted by modified CTAB method was highest, followed by that by SDS method, and the genomic DNA extracted by high-salt Iow-pH method was lowest： the genomic DNA yields extracted by different methods from Chenopodium quinoa Wiltd leaves were all high- er than those from roots and stems; the quality of Chenopodium quinoa Willd ge- nomic DNA extracted by modified CTAB method and high-salt Iow-pH method was better, and polyphenols, polysaccharides and other impurities were removed more completely. The PCR-SSR and SSCP detection results showed that the genomic DNA extracted by different methods from different tissues of Chenopodium quinoa Willd all could be better amplified, and high-quality strips could be obtained. So the Chenopodium quinoa Willd genomic DNA extracted by the three methods all can be used for subsequent molecular biology research.
基金Supported by the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province (102102110157)the Scientific Research Found Project of Henan University of Urban Construction (2010JZD008)~~
文摘[Objective] This paper aims to study a new method of extracting pumpkin polysaccharide from pumpkin. Single factor experiments were conducted to examine the effects of extracting time,temperature,the solid-liquid ratio and pH value on the extraction yield of polysaccharide from pumpkin. [Method] The best enzyme ratio and extraction conditions for complex enzymes extraction were determined through orthogonal tests. Scavenging ·OH and O-2 activities of pumpkin polysaccharides were also investigated by salicylic acid and improved self-oxidation of o-pheno methods respectively. [Results] The results showed that the biggest extraction yield of polysaccharide from pumpkin can be got when adding 1% cellulose enzyme,1.5% pectinase,1.0% papain and Na2HPO4-citric acid buffer solution (pH was 4.6),and oscillating for 30 min under water at 40 ℃ with the solid-liquid ratio of 1:30. In addition,pumpkin polysaccharides had a strong activity of eliminating ·OH,but very weak activity to scavenge O-2. [Conclusion] This study provided basic data for research and application of Pumpkin polysaccharide.
文摘The aim of the present study was to optimize the supercritical CO_2 extraction conditions of icariin from Herba Epimedii by response surface method(RSM) and central composite design(CCD).A 3-factor,5-level CCD was used for the optimization.Independent variables were extraction temperature,extraction pressure and entrainer flow rate.Dependent variable was yield ratio of icariin from Herba Epimedii.A two-order polynomial equation was fitted to the data.The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions were as follows:extraction temperature 46.5℃,extraction pressure 30.6 MPa,entrainer flow rate 3.3 mL/min.CCD/ RSM is convenient and highly predictive for optimizing the extraction process of icariin from Herba Epimedii.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(201303008)Science and Technology Plan Project of Guangdong Province(2012B020301006)Key Breeding Project for Special Maize of Department of Agriculture of Guangdong Province(B3071328)~~
文摘The crushing of leaves is the most time and effort-consuming part in DNA extraction which is a fundamental step in the study of molecular biology. In this study, a new rapid and batch-oriented crushing method for DNA extraction from maize leaves was developed. In addition, the practicability of the developed method in molecular marker-assisted breeding was verified using SSR molecular maker technology so as to provide a rapid, batch-oriented, low-cost and non-toxic leafcrushing method for a large number of molecular marker tests, improving test efficiency.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31060152)the Natural Science Foundation of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China(2010211A02)the Key Program for Animal Sciences of Xinjiang University,China~~
文摘[Objective] To introduce an improved method for DNA extraction from the faeces of red deer. [Method] Based on the traditional method of CTAB lysis, we proposed an improved DNA extraction method according to the characteristics of red deer faeces. [Result] This improved method extracted high-quality fecal DNA from Tianshan red deer and amplified the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. With the muscle and fur DNA of red deer as the control, the sequencing results further con- firmed the reliability of the method. [Conclusion] The method requires no proteinase K in the process of extraction, and the extracted DNA can be used for PCR ampli- fication directly without the purification of DNA purification kit, thus, it is cost-saving.
