A novel process for separation of red （Y2O3：Eu^3＋）, blue（BaMgAl10O17：Eu^2＋） and green （CeMgAl10O17：Tb^3） rare earth fluorescent powders was proposed. At first, the blue powder can be extracted selectively f...A novel process for separation of red （Y2O3：Eu^3＋）, blue（BaMgAl10O17：Eu^2＋） and green （CeMgAl10O17：Tb^3） rare earth fluorescent powders was proposed. At first, the blue powder can be extracted selectively from an aqueous solution using a chelating collector 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone （TTA） dissolved in heptane at alkaline pH condition, then, chloroform was used for extracting the green powder into organic phase. The red phosphor remains in aqueous phase with potassium sodium tartrate depressant （PST）. Therefore, three phosphors can be separated successfully from their artificial mixtures by liquid/liquid extraction, and grades and recovery of separated products reach respectively as follows： red is 96.9% and 95.2%, blue is 82.7% and 98.8%, green is 94.6% and 82.6%.展开更多
A highly sensitive SPE-liquid/liquid extraction RPLC method has been developed for the analysis of 6β-hydroxycortisol and cortisol in the urine of cancer patients. Methods： After SPE column purification and liquid-l...A highly sensitive SPE-liquid/liquid extraction RPLC method has been developed for the analysis of 6β-hydroxycortisol and cortisol in the urine of cancer patients. Methods： After SPE column purification and liquid-liquid extraction, the sample test solutions were analyzed with RPLC using a C18 analytical column. This improved analytical method has been validated for linearity, accuracy （recovery from urine）, repeatability （within-day and between-day precision）, specificity, sensitivity, and stability. This SPE-liquid/liquid extraction-RPLC is rapid, simple, accurate and reproducible. The technique is particularly useful for monitoring the CYP3A activity of cancer patients in clinical settings. The results are expressed as the ratio of 6β-hydroxycortisol to cortisol. Results： The CYP3A activity from a total of 153 samples was measured using this improved method. Considerable variation in the CYP3A activity of different cancer patients has been documented. Thus, personalized medical treatment based on the individual metabolic enzyme activity level is necessary. Conclusion： This new analytical method facilitates such individualized medical treatments.展开更多
The effect of an adsorbed anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate （SDBS） on electron transfer （ET） reaction between ferricyanide aqueous solution and decamethylferrocene （DMFc） located on the adjacen...The effect of an adsorbed anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate （SDBS） on electron transfer （ET） reaction between ferricyanide aqueous solution and decamethylferrocene （DMFc） located on the adjacent organic phase was investigated for the first time by thin layer method. The adsorption of SDBS at the interface resulted in a decay in the cathodic plateau current of bimolecular reaction with increasing concentrations of SDBS in aqueous phase. However, the rate constant of electron transfer （ket） increased monotonically as the SDBS concentrations increased from 0 to 200 p, moFL. The experimental results showed that SDBS formed patches on the interface and influenced the structure of electrical double layer. 2009 Xiao Quan Lu. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.展开更多
Electrochemical transfer behavior of V ⅤW 11 -V Ⅴ 3W 9 heteropoly anions on the water/nitrobenzene interface was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry. The effect of the solution acidity on the transfe...Electrochemical transfer behavior of V ⅤW 11 -V Ⅴ 3W 9 heteropoly anions on the water/nitrobenzene interface was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry. The effect of the solution acidity on the transfer behavior and the stable pH range for the heteropoly anions were studied. The stability of mixed tungstovanadate decreases with increasing the number of vanadium atoms. The main transfer species within the potential window have the negative charges of 4 and the transfer process is diffusion controlled. The apparent transfer potential Δ w o Ψ 0 and the free energy Δ G 0 w→o tr for the heteropoly anions can be obtained from the experimental data. For the different anions, the Δ w o Ψ 1/2 pH relationship can be expressed as: Δ w o Ψ 1/2 =constant-53pH.展开更多
The oxidation of hydroquinone(QH_2) was investigated for the first time at liquid/liquid(L/L) interface by scanning electrochemical microscopy(SECM).In this study,electron transfer(ET) from QH_2 in aqueous to ferrocen...The oxidation of hydroquinone(QH_2) was investigated for the first time at liquid/liquid(L/L) interface by scanning electrochemical microscopy(SECM).In this study,electron transfer(ET) from QH_2 in aqueous to ferrocene(Fc) in nitrobenzene (NB) was probed.The apparent heterogeneous rate constants for ET reactions were obtained by fitting the experimental approach curves to the theoretical values.The results showed that the rate constants for oxidation reaction of QH_2 were sensitive to the changes of the dri...展开更多
Comparison in electron transfer(ET) processes from decamethyferrocene(DMFe) in nitrobenzene(NB) to ferric ion in aqueous phase was investigated for the first time by the scanning electrochemical microscopy(SECM).As co...Comparison in electron transfer(ET) processes from decamethyferrocene(DMFe) in nitrobenzene(NB) to ferric ion in aqueous phase was investigated for the first time by the scanning electrochemical microscopy(SECM).As compared with the system of Fe(CN)_6^(3-)-DMFe,the ET rate obtained from Fe^(3+)-DMFe was lower in spite of larger driving force,which may arise from the effect of reorganization energy.Otherwise,the effect of common ion on rate constants was also probed and results suggested additional complexit...展开更多
A novel process for separation of red （Y2O3： Eu^3＋）, blue （Sr, Ca, Ba）10（PO4）6Cl2： Eu^2＋ and green （LaPO4： Tb^3＋, Ce^3＋） fine tricolor phosphor powders was established. First, the green phosphor was ext...A novel process for separation of red （Y2O3： Eu^3＋）, blue （Sr, Ca, Ba）10（PO4）6Cl2： Eu^2＋ and green （LaPO4： Tb^3＋, Ce^3＋） fine tricolor phosphor powders was established. First, the green phosphor was extracted and separated from three phosphor mixtures in heptane/DMF（N, N-Dimethylformamide） system using stearylamine or laurylamine （DDA） as the cationic surfactant. Then, after being treated with 99.5% ethanol, the blue and red phosphors could be separated in Heptane/DMF system in presence of 1-octanesulfonic acid sodium salt as the anionic surfactant. Satisfactory separation results have been achieved through two steps extractions with their artificial mixtures. The grades and recovery of separated products reached respectively as follows： red product was 95.3% and 90.9%, blue product was 90.0% and 95.2%, and green product was 92.2% and 91.8%.展开更多
The ion transfer reaction of 2-benzoylpyridine-thiosemicarbazone (HL), which has antimicrobial and antifungal properties and anticancer activity, has been studied to determine its lipophilicity by cyclic voltammetry a...The ion transfer reaction of 2-benzoylpyridine-thiosemicarbazone (HL), which has antimicrobial and antifungal properties and anticancer activity, has been studied to determine its lipophilicity by cyclic voltammetry at the water/1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) interface. The physicochemical parameters such as standard partition coefficient (lgPI)andthestandardGibbsenergyoftransfer("G0tr,,wI "o)oftheprotonatedformoftheligandwere measured asa function of pH in aqueous phase. The protonated form of the ligand exhibited reversible or quasi-reversible voltammograms at the1,2-DCEintherangeofpH1-5.Theprotonationconstantsoftheligand,pKa1andpKa2,weredeterminedspectrophotometrically and were found to be 12.14 and 3.24, respectively. The standard Gibbs energy of transfer ("G0tr,,wN" o) and the partition coefficient of neutral species (lgPN) were also determined by the shake-flask method. The standard Gibbs energy of transfer of this compound across the water/1,2-DCE interface was evaluated as the quantitative measure of its lipophilicity. The difference between lgPI and lgPN was related to the degree of charge delocalization and was used to evaluate qualitatively the lipophilicity of the ligand.展开更多
In this work,we proposed a strategy for the hydrolysis of native corn starch after the treatment of corn starch in an ionic liquid aqueous solution,and it is an awfully“green”and simple means to obtain starch with l...In this work,we proposed a strategy for the hydrolysis of native corn starch after the treatment of corn starch in an ionic liquid aqueous solution,and it is an awfully“green”and simple means to obtain starch with low molecular weight and amorphous state.X-ray diffraction results revealed that the natural starch crystalline region was largely disrupted by ionic liquid owing to the broken intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds.After hydrolysis,the morphology of starch changed from particles of native corn starch into little pieces,and their molecular weight could be effectively regulated during the hydrolysis process,and also the hydrolyzed starch samples exhibited decreased thermal stability with the extension of hydrolysis time.This work would counsel as a powerful tool for the development of native starch in realistic applications.展开更多
Pediatric cancers are particularly significant due to their uncommon occurrence in children,driven by a variety of underlying factors.Because of their distinct molecular and genetic makeup,which makes early detection ...Pediatric cancers are particularly significant due to their uncommon occurrence in children,driven by a variety of underlying factors.Because of their distinct molecular and genetic makeup,which makes early detection challenging,they are linked to problems.Diagnostic methods like imaging and tissue biopsy are only effective when the tumor has reached a size that can be identified.The liquid biopsy technique,the least intrusive and most convenient diagnostic method,is the subject of this review.It focuses on the significance of single cell analysis in examining uncommon cancer types.The many biomarkers found in bodily fluids and the cancer types they are linked to in children have been assessed,as has the potential route towards early detection and cancer recurrence forecasting.Combining the single cell liquid biopsy with the newest technologies,such as computational and multi-omics approaches,which have improved the efficiency of processing massive and unique genetic data,appears promising.This article discusses on a number of case reports for uncommon pediatric malignancies,such as Neuroblastoma,Medulloblastoma,Wilms Tumor,Rhabdomyosarcoma,Ewing Sarcoma,and Retinoblastoma,as well as their liquid biopsy profiles.Furthermore,the findings raise ethical questions regarding the therapeutic application of the technology as well as possible difficulties related to clinical translation.The likelihood that this single cell liquid biopsy will be clinically validated and eventually used as a routine diagnostic tool for uncommon pediatric cancers will rise with the realistic approach to sensitivity monitoring,specificity upgrading,and optimization.展开更多
While desalination is a key solution for global freshwater scarcity,its implementation faces environmental challenges due to concentrated brine byproducts mainly disposed of via coastal discharge systems.Solar interfa...While desalination is a key solution for global freshwater scarcity,its implementation faces environmental challenges due to concentrated brine byproducts mainly disposed of via coastal discharge systems.Solar interfacial evaporation offers sustainable management potential,yet inevitable salt nucleation at evaporation interfaces degrades photothermal conversion and operational stability via light scattering and pathway blockage.Inspired by the mangrove leaf,we propose a photothermal 3D polydopamine and polypyrrole polymerized spacer fabric(PPSF)-based upward hanging model evaporation configuration with a reverse water feeding mechanism.This design enables zero-liquiddischarge(ZLD)desalination through phase-separation crystallization.The interconnected porous architecture and the rough surface of the PPSF enable superior water transport,achieving excellent solar-absorbing efficiency of 97.8%.By adjusting the tilt angle(θ),the evaporator separates the evaporation and salt crystallization zones via controlled capillary-driven brine transport,minimizing heat dissipation from brine discharge.At an optimal tilt angle of 52°,the evaporator reaches an evaporation rate of 2.81 kg m^(−2) h^(−1) with minimal heat loss(0.366 W)under 1-sun illumination while treating a 7 wt%waste brine solution.Furthermore,it sustains an evaporation rate of 2.71 kg m^(−2) h^(−1) over 72 h while ensuring efficient salt recovery.These results highlight a scalable,energy-efficient approach for sustainable ZLD desalination.展开更多
The operational efficiency of membrane electrode assemblies in direct liquid fuel cells is critically dependent on the fuel purity in the anode compartment.To address the inherent challenge of fuel mixing problem in a...The operational efficiency of membrane electrode assemblies in direct liquid fuel cells is critically dependent on the fuel purity in the anode compartment.To address the inherent challenge of fuel mixing problem in alcohol systems,we propose a rational catalyst design strategy focusing on morphological and compositional optimization.Sodium borohydride-derived PtCuMo alloy aerogels(AA)exhibit abundant grain boundary defects,while solvothermally prepared nanowire arrays(NA)maintain excellent single-crystalline characteristics.Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that engineered grain boundaries can effectively broaden the adsorption energy window for key reaction intermediates,enabling superior adaptability to diverse catalytic pathways.By precisely controlling Cu content,we identified Pt_(3)Cu_(3)Mo_(0.5)AA as the optimal catalyst configuration,demonstrating 150% enhancement in methanol oxidation reaction activity compared to Pt_(3)Cu_(6)Mo_(0.5)NA(1.5 vs.0.6 A·mg_(Pt)^(-1))and 17% improvement in ethanol oxidation reaction performance versus Pt_(3)Cu_(1)Mo_(0.5)NA(0.82 vs.0.70 A·mg_(Pt)^(-1)).Practical application testing using gas diffusion electrodes(anode loading:0.85 mg_(Pt)·cm^(-2))achieved a mass-specific power density of 14.14 W·g_(Pt)^(-1)in 1:1 methanol/ethanol blends,representing a 3.5-fold improvement over commercial Pt/C benchmarks.This work establishes a fundamental framework for developing highperformance,broad-spectrum electrocatalysts in advanced fuel cell systems.展开更多
The inability to access brain tissue has greatly hindered our ability to study and care for individuals suffering from psychiatric and neurological conditions.Critics have questioned efforts to develop peripheral bloo...The inability to access brain tissue has greatly hindered our ability to study and care for individuals suffering from psychiatric and neurological conditions.Critics have questioned efforts to develop peripheral blood biomarkers in neurological and psychiatric disorders based on the assertion that disease pathology is limited to the brain.The discovery that all tissues,including the brain,release extracellular vesicles(Raposo and Stoorvogel,2013)and cell free DNAs(Chan et al.,2013)into various body fluids has provided a potential way to measure activity from inaccessible tissues like the central nervous system(CNS)and has given rise to the term“liquid biopsy.”The development of liquid biopsies that can diagnose and predict the course of psychiatric and neurological disorders would be transformative.The ability to predict episodic events such as mania,depression,and risk for suicide would be particularly useful for psychiatric care as it would enable the development of interventions that prevent mortality and improve outcomes.Additionally,biomarkers that are informative about drug response and aid in treatment decisions would be a significant advance in psychiatric care as it would prevent patients from having to endure multiple courses of ineffective treatments and side effects.展开更多
Electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)into value-added products has been regarded as an effective way to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality.The intrinsic activity of electrocatalysts,as well as the rea...Electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)into value-added products has been regarded as an effective way to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality.The intrinsic activity of electrocatalysts,as well as the reaction microenvironment,play an important role in improving the conversion efficiency of CO_(2).Herein,we report an ionic liquidfunctionalized Au/Pd heterostructure as the electrocatalyst for CO_(2)RR via introducing 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidine bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide([BMPyrr][NTf_(2)])ionic liquid.Au nanoclusters are epitaxially confined on Pd nanosheets in heterostructure,resulting in abundant and well-defined heterointerfaces that work as highly active catalytic sites.Notably,the[BMPyrr][NTf_(2)]achieves charge redistribution at the Au-Pd heterointerfaces,which helps to stabilize*CO_(2)^(˙-)intermediate and further reduce the energy barrier of *COOH formation.Furthermore,the[BMPyrr][NTf_(2)]molecules with high CO_(2)adsorption ability is beneficial to construct a CO_(2)-rich reaction microenvironment at the gas-liquid-solid three-phase interface.The hybrid electrocatalyst exhibits greatly improved CO Faradaic efficiency in a broad potential range and CO partial current density.This work provides a novel strategy for designing robust CO_(2)RR electrocatalysts via ionic liquid-mediated surface modification.展开更多
Ionic Liquid Electrospray Thrusters(ILETs)are well suited for micro-nano satellite applications due to their small size,low power consumption,and high specific impulse.However,the limited thrust of a single-emitter IL...Ionic Liquid Electrospray Thrusters(ILETs)are well suited for micro-nano satellite applications due to their small size,low power consumption,and high specific impulse.However,the limited thrust of a single-emitter ILET restricts its use in space missions.To optimize the performance of ILETs and make them suitable for a wider range of space missions,we designed a Circular-emitter ILET(CILET)to convert a one-dimensional(point)emission into a twodimensional(line)emission.The CILET can self-organize multiple Taylor cones simultaneously.The cones were photographed and the axial emission currents were measured under different voltage and pressure difference conditions with a CILET experimental system.The emission can be divided into two stable states and one unstable state based on the flow and current characteristics.The current in Stable state Ⅰ increases non-linearly with the voltage,while that in Stable state Ⅱ is nearly linear with respect to the voltage.The number of cones increases with the voltage in stable states,while the cones become short and crowded under high-voltage conditions.The variation law of the number of cones can be explained with the self-organization theory.The variation in the current exhibits a good correlation with the number of cones.This study demonstrates the feasibility of circular emitters and experimentally indicates that the emission current is improved by approximately two orders of magnitude compared to that of a single capillary.展开更多
Due to the greenhouse effect caused by carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emission,much attention has been paid for the removal of CO_(2).Porous liquids(PLs),as new type of liquid materials,have obvious advantages in mass and heat...Due to the greenhouse effect caused by carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emission,much attention has been paid for the removal of CO_(2).Porous liquids(PLs),as new type of liquid materials,have obvious advantages in mass and heat transfer,which are widely used in gas adsorption and sep-aration.Metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)with merits like large surface area,inherent porous structure and adjustable topology have been considered as one of the best candidates for PLs construction.This review presents the state-of-the-art status on the fabrication strategy of MOFs-based PLs and their CO_(2) absorption and utilization performance,and the positive effects of porosity and functional modification on the absorption-desorption property,selectivity of target product,and regeneration ability are well summarized.Finally,the challenges and prospects for MOFs-based PLs in the optimization of preparation,the coupling of multiple removal techniques,the in situ characterization methods,the regeneration and cycle stability,the environmental impact as well as expansion of application are proposed.展开更多
Morphology and growth rate of carbon dioxide hydrate on the interface between liquid carbon dioxide and humic acid solutions were studied in this work.It was found that after the growth of the hydrate film at the inte...Morphology and growth rate of carbon dioxide hydrate on the interface between liquid carbon dioxide and humic acid solutions were studied in this work.It was found that after the growth of the hydrate film at the interface,further growth of hydrate due to the suction of water in the capillary system formed between the wall of the cuvette and the end boundary of the hydrate layer occurs.Most probably,substantial effects on the formation of this capillary system may be caused by variations in reactor wall properties,for example,hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance,roughness,etc.We found,that the rate of CO_(2) hydrate film growth on the surface of the humic acid aqueous solution is 4-fold to lower in comparison with the growth rate on the surface of pure water.We suppose that this is caused by the adsorption of humic acid associates on the surface of hydrate particles and,as a consequence,by the deceleration of the diffusion of dissolved carbon dioxide to the growing hydrate particle.展开更多
Liquid metals(LMs),because of their ability to remain in a liquid state at room temperature,render them highly versatile for applications in electronics,energy storage,medicine,and robotics.Among various LMs,Ga-based ...Liquid metals(LMs),because of their ability to remain in a liquid state at room temperature,render them highly versatile for applications in electronics,energy storage,medicine,and robotics.Among various LMs,Ga-based LMs exhibit minimal cytotoxicity,low viscosity,high thermal and electrical conductivities,and excellent wettability.Therefore,Ga-based LM composites(LMCs)have emerged as a recent research focus.Recent advancements have focused on novel fabrication techniques and applications spanning energy storage,flexible electronics,and biomedical devices.Particularly noteworthy are the developments in wearable sensors and electronic skins,which hold promise for healthcare monitoring and human-machine interfaces.Despite their potential,challenges,such as oxidative susceptibil-ity and biocompatibility,remain.Creating bio-based LMC materials is a promising approach to address these issues while exploring new avenues to optimize LMC performance and broaden its application domains.This review provides a concise overview of the recent trends in LMC research,highlights their transformative impacts,and outlines key directions for future investigation and development.展开更多
Sodium(Na)and magnesium(Mg)are becoming important for making energy-storage batteries and structural materials.Herein,we develop a liquid-metal-electrode-assisted electrolysis route to producing Na and Mg with low-car...Sodium(Na)and magnesium(Mg)are becoming important for making energy-storage batteries and structural materials.Herein,we develop a liquid-metal-electrode-assisted electrolysis route to producing Na and Mg with low-carbon emissions and no chlorine gas evolution.The clean production stems from the choice of a molten NaCl-Na_(2)CO_(3) electrolyte to prevent chlorine gas evolution,an inert nickel-based anode to produce oxygen,and a liquid metal cathode to make the cathodic product sit at the bottom of the electrolytic cell.We achieve a current efficiency of>90%for the electrolytic production of liquid Na-Sn alloy.Later,Mg-Sn alloy is prepared using the obtained Na-Sn alloy to displace Mg from molten NaCl-MgCl_(2) with a displacement efficiency of>96%.Further,Na and Mg are separated from the electrolytic Na-Sn and displaced Mg-Sn alloys by vacuum distillation with a recovery rate of>92%and Sn can be reused.Using this electrolysisdisplacement-distillation(EDD)approach,we prepare Mg from seawater.The CO_(2)emission of the EDD approach is~20.6 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg,which is less than that of the Australian Magnesium(AM)electrolysis process(~25.0 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg)and less than half that of the Pidgeon process(~45.2 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg).展开更多
基金Funded by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry (ROCS, SEM [2005] No. 383)
文摘A novel process for separation of red （Y2O3：Eu^3＋）, blue（BaMgAl10O17：Eu^2＋） and green （CeMgAl10O17：Tb^3） rare earth fluorescent powders was proposed. At first, the blue powder can be extracted selectively from an aqueous solution using a chelating collector 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone （TTA） dissolved in heptane at alkaline pH condition, then, chloroform was used for extracting the green powder into organic phase. The red phosphor remains in aqueous phase with potassium sodium tartrate depressant （PST）. Therefore, three phosphors can be separated successfully from their artificial mixtures by liquid/liquid extraction, and grades and recovery of separated products reach respectively as follows： red is 96.9% and 95.2%, blue is 82.7% and 98.8%, green is 94.6% and 82.6%.
基金supported by the Shanghai Pharmaceutical Association
文摘A highly sensitive SPE-liquid/liquid extraction RPLC method has been developed for the analysis of 6β-hydroxycortisol and cortisol in the urine of cancer patients. Methods： After SPE column purification and liquid-liquid extraction, the sample test solutions were analyzed with RPLC using a C18 analytical column. This improved analytical method has been validated for linearity, accuracy （recovery from urine）, repeatability （within-day and between-day precision）, specificity, sensitivity, and stability. This SPE-liquid/liquid extraction-RPLC is rapid, simple, accurate and reproducible. The technique is particularly useful for monitoring the CYP3A activity of cancer patients in clinical settings. The results are expressed as the ratio of 6β-hydroxycortisol to cortisol. Results： The CYP3A activity from a total of 153 samples was measured using this improved method. Considerable variation in the CYP3A activity of different cancer patients has been documented. Thus, personalized medical treatment based on the individual metabolic enzyme activity level is necessary. Conclusion： This new analytical method facilitates such individualized medical treatments.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.20775060 and No.20875077)the National Science Foundation of Gansu(No.0701RJZA109 and No.0803RJZA105)and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
文摘The effect of an adsorbed anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate （SDBS） on electron transfer （ET） reaction between ferricyanide aqueous solution and decamethylferrocene （DMFc） located on the adjacent organic phase was investigated for the first time by thin layer method. The adsorption of SDBS at the interface resulted in a decay in the cathodic plateau current of bimolecular reaction with increasing concentrations of SDBS in aqueous phase. However, the rate constant of electron transfer （ket） increased monotonically as the SDBS concentrations increased from 0 to 200 p, moFL. The experimental results showed that SDBS formed patches on the interface and influenced the structure of electrical double layer. 2009 Xiao Quan Lu. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
基金Supported by the NaturalScienceFoundation of China( No.2 0 2 75 0 31) ,the Teaching and Research Award Programfor Outstanding Young Techers in High Education of MOE of China and KJCX- 0 1of Northwest Normal University
文摘Electrochemical transfer behavior of V ⅤW 11 -V Ⅴ 3W 9 heteropoly anions on the water/nitrobenzene interface was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry. The effect of the solution acidity on the transfer behavior and the stable pH range for the heteropoly anions were studied. The stability of mixed tungstovanadate decreases with increasing the number of vanadium atoms. The main transfer species within the potential window have the negative charges of 4 and the transfer process is diffusion controlled. The apparent transfer potential Δ w o Ψ 0 and the free energy Δ G 0 w→o tr for the heteropoly anions can be obtained from the experimental data. For the different anions, the Δ w o Ψ 1/2 pH relationship can be expressed as: Δ w o Ψ 1/2 =constant-53pH.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20775060,No.20875077 and No. 20927004)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu(No.0701RJZA109 and No.0803RJZA105)Key Projects of Scientific Research Base of Department of Education,Gansu Province(No.08zx-07)
文摘The oxidation of hydroquinone(QH_2) was investigated for the first time at liquid/liquid(L/L) interface by scanning electrochemical microscopy(SECM).In this study,electron transfer(ET) from QH_2 in aqueous to ferrocene(Fc) in nitrobenzene (NB) was probed.The apparent heterogeneous rate constants for ET reactions were obtained by fitting the experimental approach curves to the theoretical values.The results showed that the rate constants for oxidation reaction of QH_2 were sensitive to the changes of the dri...
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20875077,No.20775060 and No.20927004)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu(No.0701RJZA109 and No.0803RJZA105)Key Projects of Scientific Research Base of Department of Education,Gansu Province(No.08zx-07).
文摘Comparison in electron transfer(ET) processes from decamethyferrocene(DMFe) in nitrobenzene(NB) to ferric ion in aqueous phase was investigated for the first time by the scanning electrochemical microscopy(SECM).As compared with the system of Fe(CN)_6^(3-)-DMFe,the ET rate obtained from Fe^(3+)-DMFe was lower in spite of larger driving force,which may arise from the effect of reorganization energy.Otherwise,the effect of common ion on rate constants was also probed and results suggested additional complexit...
基金Funded by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry (ROCS, SEM [2005] No. 383)
文摘A novel process for separation of red （Y2O3： Eu^3＋）, blue （Sr, Ca, Ba）10（PO4）6Cl2： Eu^2＋ and green （LaPO4： Tb^3＋, Ce^3＋） fine tricolor phosphor powders was established. First, the green phosphor was extracted and separated from three phosphor mixtures in heptane/DMF（N, N-Dimethylformamide） system using stearylamine or laurylamine （DDA） as the cationic surfactant. Then, after being treated with 99.5% ethanol, the blue and red phosphors could be separated in Heptane/DMF system in presence of 1-octanesulfonic acid sodium salt as the anionic surfactant. Satisfactory separation results have been achieved through two steps extractions with their artificial mixtures. The grades and recovery of separated products reached respectively as follows： red product was 95.3% and 90.9%, blue product was 90.0% and 95.2%, and green product was 92.2% and 91.8%.
基金the Scientific Research Projects (BAP) of Selcuk University, Turkey (2003/151).
文摘The ion transfer reaction of 2-benzoylpyridine-thiosemicarbazone (HL), which has antimicrobial and antifungal properties and anticancer activity, has been studied to determine its lipophilicity by cyclic voltammetry at the water/1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) interface. The physicochemical parameters such as standard partition coefficient (lgPI)andthestandardGibbsenergyoftransfer("G0tr,,wI "o)oftheprotonatedformoftheligandwere measured asa function of pH in aqueous phase. The protonated form of the ligand exhibited reversible or quasi-reversible voltammograms at the1,2-DCEintherangeofpH1-5.Theprotonationconstantsoftheligand,pKa1andpKa2,weredeterminedspectrophotometrically and were found to be 12.14 and 3.24, respectively. The standard Gibbs energy of transfer ("G0tr,,wN" o) and the partition coefficient of neutral species (lgPN) were also determined by the shake-flask method. The standard Gibbs energy of transfer of this compound across the water/1,2-DCE interface was evaluated as the quantitative measure of its lipophilicity. The difference between lgPI and lgPN was related to the degree of charge delocalization and was used to evaluate qualitatively the lipophilicity of the ligand.
文摘In this work,we proposed a strategy for the hydrolysis of native corn starch after the treatment of corn starch in an ionic liquid aqueous solution,and it is an awfully“green”and simple means to obtain starch with low molecular weight and amorphous state.X-ray diffraction results revealed that the natural starch crystalline region was largely disrupted by ionic liquid owing to the broken intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds.After hydrolysis,the morphology of starch changed from particles of native corn starch into little pieces,and their molecular weight could be effectively regulated during the hydrolysis process,and also the hydrolyzed starch samples exhibited decreased thermal stability with the extension of hydrolysis time.This work would counsel as a powerful tool for the development of native starch in realistic applications.
文摘Pediatric cancers are particularly significant due to their uncommon occurrence in children,driven by a variety of underlying factors.Because of their distinct molecular and genetic makeup,which makes early detection challenging,they are linked to problems.Diagnostic methods like imaging and tissue biopsy are only effective when the tumor has reached a size that can be identified.The liquid biopsy technique,the least intrusive and most convenient diagnostic method,is the subject of this review.It focuses on the significance of single cell analysis in examining uncommon cancer types.The many biomarkers found in bodily fluids and the cancer types they are linked to in children have been assessed,as has the potential route towards early detection and cancer recurrence forecasting.Combining the single cell liquid biopsy with the newest technologies,such as computational and multi-omics approaches,which have improved the efficiency of processing massive and unique genetic data,appears promising.This article discusses on a number of case reports for uncommon pediatric malignancies,such as Neuroblastoma,Medulloblastoma,Wilms Tumor,Rhabdomyosarcoma,Ewing Sarcoma,and Retinoblastoma,as well as their liquid biopsy profiles.Furthermore,the findings raise ethical questions regarding the therapeutic application of the technology as well as possible difficulties related to clinical translation.The likelihood that this single cell liquid biopsy will be clinically validated and eventually used as a routine diagnostic tool for uncommon pediatric cancers will rise with the realistic approach to sensitivity monitoring,specificity upgrading,and optimization.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3804902,2022YFB3804900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203226,52161145406,42376045)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2232024Y-01,2232025D-02).
文摘While desalination is a key solution for global freshwater scarcity,its implementation faces environmental challenges due to concentrated brine byproducts mainly disposed of via coastal discharge systems.Solar interfacial evaporation offers sustainable management potential,yet inevitable salt nucleation at evaporation interfaces degrades photothermal conversion and operational stability via light scattering and pathway blockage.Inspired by the mangrove leaf,we propose a photothermal 3D polydopamine and polypyrrole polymerized spacer fabric(PPSF)-based upward hanging model evaporation configuration with a reverse water feeding mechanism.This design enables zero-liquiddischarge(ZLD)desalination through phase-separation crystallization.The interconnected porous architecture and the rough surface of the PPSF enable superior water transport,achieving excellent solar-absorbing efficiency of 97.8%.By adjusting the tilt angle(θ),the evaporator separates the evaporation and salt crystallization zones via controlled capillary-driven brine transport,minimizing heat dissipation from brine discharge.At an optimal tilt angle of 52°,the evaporator reaches an evaporation rate of 2.81 kg m^(−2) h^(−1) with minimal heat loss(0.366 W)under 1-sun illumination while treating a 7 wt%waste brine solution.Furthermore,it sustains an evaporation rate of 2.71 kg m^(−2) h^(−1) over 72 h while ensuring efficient salt recovery.These results highlight a scalable,energy-efficient approach for sustainable ZLD desalination.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52073214)Guangxi Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.2024GXNSFFA010008).
文摘The operational efficiency of membrane electrode assemblies in direct liquid fuel cells is critically dependent on the fuel purity in the anode compartment.To address the inherent challenge of fuel mixing problem in alcohol systems,we propose a rational catalyst design strategy focusing on morphological and compositional optimization.Sodium borohydride-derived PtCuMo alloy aerogels(AA)exhibit abundant grain boundary defects,while solvothermally prepared nanowire arrays(NA)maintain excellent single-crystalline characteristics.Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that engineered grain boundaries can effectively broaden the adsorption energy window for key reaction intermediates,enabling superior adaptability to diverse catalytic pathways.By precisely controlling Cu content,we identified Pt_(3)Cu_(3)Mo_(0.5)AA as the optimal catalyst configuration,demonstrating 150% enhancement in methanol oxidation reaction activity compared to Pt_(3)Cu_(6)Mo_(0.5)NA(1.5 vs.0.6 A·mg_(Pt)^(-1))and 17% improvement in ethanol oxidation reaction performance versus Pt_(3)Cu_(1)Mo_(0.5)NA(0.82 vs.0.70 A·mg_(Pt)^(-1)).Practical application testing using gas diffusion electrodes(anode loading:0.85 mg_(Pt)·cm^(-2))achieved a mass-specific power density of 14.14 W·g_(Pt)^(-1)in 1:1 methanol/ethanol blends,representing a 3.5-fold improvement over commercial Pt/C benchmarks.This work establishes a fundamental framework for developing highperformance,broad-spectrum electrocatalysts in advanced fuel cell systems.
基金supported by Department of Defense grant HT9425-24-1-0030 a grant from the Stanley Medical Research Institute(to SS).
文摘The inability to access brain tissue has greatly hindered our ability to study and care for individuals suffering from psychiatric and neurological conditions.Critics have questioned efforts to develop peripheral blood biomarkers in neurological and psychiatric disorders based on the assertion that disease pathology is limited to the brain.The discovery that all tissues,including the brain,release extracellular vesicles(Raposo and Stoorvogel,2013)and cell free DNAs(Chan et al.,2013)into various body fluids has provided a potential way to measure activity from inaccessible tissues like the central nervous system(CNS)and has given rise to the term“liquid biopsy.”The development of liquid biopsies that can diagnose and predict the course of psychiatric and neurological disorders would be transformative.The ability to predict episodic events such as mania,depression,and risk for suicide would be particularly useful for psychiatric care as it would enable the development of interventions that prevent mortality and improve outcomes.Additionally,biomarkers that are informative about drug response and aid in treatment decisions would be a significant advance in psychiatric care as it would prevent patients from having to endure multiple courses of ineffective treatments and side effects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Joint Fund Project(No.U24A2042)Basic Research Foundation of Zhejiang Provincial Universities(No.G23224161033)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072342 and 52377216).
文摘Electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)into value-added products has been regarded as an effective way to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality.The intrinsic activity of electrocatalysts,as well as the reaction microenvironment,play an important role in improving the conversion efficiency of CO_(2).Herein,we report an ionic liquidfunctionalized Au/Pd heterostructure as the electrocatalyst for CO_(2)RR via introducing 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidine bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide([BMPyrr][NTf_(2)])ionic liquid.Au nanoclusters are epitaxially confined on Pd nanosheets in heterostructure,resulting in abundant and well-defined heterointerfaces that work as highly active catalytic sites.Notably,the[BMPyrr][NTf_(2)]achieves charge redistribution at the Au-Pd heterointerfaces,which helps to stabilize*CO_(2)^(˙-)intermediate and further reduce the energy barrier of *COOH formation.Furthermore,the[BMPyrr][NTf_(2)]molecules with high CO_(2)adsorption ability is beneficial to construct a CO_(2)-rich reaction microenvironment at the gas-liquid-solid three-phase interface.The hybrid electrocatalyst exhibits greatly improved CO Faradaic efficiency in a broad potential range and CO partial current density.This work provides a novel strategy for designing robust CO_(2)RR electrocatalysts via ionic liquid-mediated surface modification.
基金co-supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFC2201001)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,China(No.20210623091808026)。
文摘Ionic Liquid Electrospray Thrusters(ILETs)are well suited for micro-nano satellite applications due to their small size,low power consumption,and high specific impulse.However,the limited thrust of a single-emitter ILET restricts its use in space missions.To optimize the performance of ILETs and make them suitable for a wider range of space missions,we designed a Circular-emitter ILET(CILET)to convert a one-dimensional(point)emission into a twodimensional(line)emission.The CILET can self-organize multiple Taylor cones simultaneously.The cones were photographed and the axial emission currents were measured under different voltage and pressure difference conditions with a CILET experimental system.The emission can be divided into two stable states and one unstable state based on the flow and current characteristics.The current in Stable state Ⅰ increases non-linearly with the voltage,while that in Stable state Ⅱ is nearly linear with respect to the voltage.The number of cones increases with the voltage in stable states,while the cones become short and crowded under high-voltage conditions.The variation law of the number of cones can be explained with the self-organization theory.The variation in the current exhibits a good correlation with the number of cones.This study demonstrates the feasibility of circular emitters and experimentally indicates that the emission current is improved by approximately two orders of magnitude compared to that of a single capillary.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(22106007 and U23A20120)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(8244060)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M730143)R&D Program of BeijingMunicipal Education Commission(KZ202210005011)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(B2021208033).
文摘Due to the greenhouse effect caused by carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emission,much attention has been paid for the removal of CO_(2).Porous liquids(PLs),as new type of liquid materials,have obvious advantages in mass and heat transfer,which are widely used in gas adsorption and sep-aration.Metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)with merits like large surface area,inherent porous structure and adjustable topology have been considered as one of the best candidates for PLs construction.This review presents the state-of-the-art status on the fabrication strategy of MOFs-based PLs and their CO_(2) absorption and utilization performance,and the positive effects of porosity and functional modification on the absorption-desorption property,selectivity of target product,and regeneration ability are well summarized.Finally,the challenges and prospects for MOFs-based PLs in the optimization of preparation,the coupling of multiple removal techniques,the in situ characterization methods,the regeneration and cycle stability,the environmental impact as well as expansion of application are proposed.
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation(23-29-00830).
文摘Morphology and growth rate of carbon dioxide hydrate on the interface between liquid carbon dioxide and humic acid solutions were studied in this work.It was found that after the growth of the hydrate film at the interface,further growth of hydrate due to the suction of water in the capillary system formed between the wall of the cuvette and the end boundary of the hydrate layer occurs.Most probably,substantial effects on the formation of this capillary system may be caused by variations in reactor wall properties,for example,hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance,roughness,etc.We found,that the rate of CO_(2) hydrate film growth on the surface of the humic acid aqueous solution is 4-fold to lower in comparison with the growth rate on the surface of pure water.We suppose that this is caused by the adsorption of humic acid associates on the surface of hydrate particles and,as a consequence,by the deceleration of the diffusion of dissolved carbon dioxide to the growing hydrate particle.
基金supported by the GRDC(Global Research Development Center)Cooperative Hub Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF),funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)(No.RS-2023-00257595).
文摘Liquid metals(LMs),because of their ability to remain in a liquid state at room temperature,render them highly versatile for applications in electronics,energy storage,medicine,and robotics.Among various LMs,Ga-based LMs exhibit minimal cytotoxicity,low viscosity,high thermal and electrical conductivities,and excellent wettability.Therefore,Ga-based LM composites(LMCs)have emerged as a recent research focus.Recent advancements have focused on novel fabrication techniques and applications spanning energy storage,flexible electronics,and biomedical devices.Particularly noteworthy are the developments in wearable sensors and electronic skins,which hold promise for healthcare monitoring and human-machine interfaces.Despite their potential,challenges,such as oxidative susceptibil-ity and biocompatibility,remain.Creating bio-based LMC materials is a promising approach to address these issues while exploring new avenues to optimize LMC performance and broaden its application domains.This review provides a concise overview of the recent trends in LMC research,highlights their transformative impacts,and outlines key directions for future investigation and development.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No’s.U22B2071,51874211,52031008)the Chilwee Group(CWDY-ZH-YJY-202101-001).
文摘Sodium(Na)and magnesium(Mg)are becoming important for making energy-storage batteries and structural materials.Herein,we develop a liquid-metal-electrode-assisted electrolysis route to producing Na and Mg with low-carbon emissions and no chlorine gas evolution.The clean production stems from the choice of a molten NaCl-Na_(2)CO_(3) electrolyte to prevent chlorine gas evolution,an inert nickel-based anode to produce oxygen,and a liquid metal cathode to make the cathodic product sit at the bottom of the electrolytic cell.We achieve a current efficiency of>90%for the electrolytic production of liquid Na-Sn alloy.Later,Mg-Sn alloy is prepared using the obtained Na-Sn alloy to displace Mg from molten NaCl-MgCl_(2) with a displacement efficiency of>96%.Further,Na and Mg are separated from the electrolytic Na-Sn and displaced Mg-Sn alloys by vacuum distillation with a recovery rate of>92%and Sn can be reused.Using this electrolysisdisplacement-distillation(EDD)approach,we prepare Mg from seawater.The CO_(2)emission of the EDD approach is~20.6 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg,which is less than that of the Australian Magnesium(AM)electrolysis process(~25.0 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg)and less than half that of the Pidgeon process(~45.2 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg).
