In this work,we proposed a strategy for the hydrolysis of native corn starch after the treatment of corn starch in an ionic liquid aqueous solution,and it is an awfully“green”and simple means to obtain starch with l...In this work,we proposed a strategy for the hydrolysis of native corn starch after the treatment of corn starch in an ionic liquid aqueous solution,and it is an awfully“green”and simple means to obtain starch with low molecular weight and amorphous state.X-ray diffraction results revealed that the natural starch crystalline region was largely disrupted by ionic liquid owing to the broken intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds.After hydrolysis,the morphology of starch changed from particles of native corn starch into little pieces,and their molecular weight could be effectively regulated during the hydrolysis process,and also the hydrolyzed starch samples exhibited decreased thermal stability with the extension of hydrolysis time.This work would counsel as a powerful tool for the development of native starch in realistic applications.展开更多
As the global textile industry has accelerated its transition to a circular economy,iterative innovation in regenerated cellulose fibers has become a key industry focus.With viscose fiber having been industrialized fo...As the global textile industry has accelerated its transition to a circular economy,iterative innovation in regenerated cellulose fibers has become a key industry focus.With viscose fiber having been industrialized for over a century and lyocell fiber gaining market recognition because of its environmentally friendly process,which is the next regenerated cellulose fiber.Herein,ionic liquids with low vapor pressure,nonflammability,relatively simple recovery,and high dissolution efficiency were used to fabricate regenerated cellulose fibers.The viscose and lyocell properties of the fibers were systematically compared,including microscopic morphology,dyeing behavior,fibrillation resistance,mechanical properties,yarn-forming capacity,and fabric performance.The ionic liquid(IL)fiber exhibited a smooth surface and circular cross-section,with the highest tensile strength,moderate dyeing and fibrillation properties,and similar spinning and weaving performance.This work can provide a reference for the commercial application of regenerated cellulose fibers fabricated from ionic liquid.展开更多
Liquid metals have garnered widespread attention in the fields of electronics and materials science due to their unique combination of fluidity and electrical conductivity.Conventional liquid metal droplet generators ...Liquid metals have garnered widespread attention in the fields of electronics and materials science due to their unique combination of fluidity and electrical conductivity.Conventional liquid metal droplet generators typically rely on piezoelectric actuators to impose mechanical perturbations on the jet to control droplet formation.In this work,we present a new method for generating a uniform and controllable stream of liquid metal microdroplets by applying periodic electrostatic perturbations to the jet.Using a nozzle with an inner diameter of 25??m,we achieved continuous generation of droplets approximately 51μm in diameter at a frequency of 110 kHz.By adjusting the nozzle diameter,flow rate,and the frequency of the applied voltage,the size and spacing of the droplets can be effectively tuned.Moreover,a comparison between experimental observations and theoretical predictions under various conditions demonstrates that the Rayleigh-Plateau instability theory accurately describes the disturbance growth and droplet formation under electric field excitation.Our study provides both theoretical and experimental foundations for the controlled generation of gallium-based liquid metal droplets.展开更多
Pediatric cancers are particularly significant due to their uncommon occurrence in children,driven by a variety of underlying factors.Because of their distinct molecular and genetic makeup,which makes early detection ...Pediatric cancers are particularly significant due to their uncommon occurrence in children,driven by a variety of underlying factors.Because of their distinct molecular and genetic makeup,which makes early detection challenging,they are linked to problems.Diagnostic methods like imaging and tissue biopsy are only effective when the tumor has reached a size that can be identified.The liquid biopsy technique,the least intrusive and most convenient diagnostic method,is the subject of this review.It focuses on the significance of single cell analysis in examining uncommon cancer types.The many biomarkers found in bodily fluids and the cancer types they are linked to in children have been assessed,as has the potential route towards early detection and cancer recurrence forecasting.Combining the single cell liquid biopsy with the newest technologies,such as computational and multi-omics approaches,which have improved the efficiency of processing massive and unique genetic data,appears promising.This article discusses on a number of case reports for uncommon pediatric malignancies,such as Neuroblastoma,Medulloblastoma,Wilms Tumor,Rhabdomyosarcoma,Ewing Sarcoma,and Retinoblastoma,as well as their liquid biopsy profiles.Furthermore,the findings raise ethical questions regarding the therapeutic application of the technology as well as possible difficulties related to clinical translation.The likelihood that this single cell liquid biopsy will be clinically validated and eventually used as a routine diagnostic tool for uncommon pediatric cancers will rise with the realistic approach to sensitivity monitoring,specificity upgrading,and optimization.展开更多
While desalination is a key solution for global freshwater scarcity,its implementation faces environmental challenges due to concentrated brine byproducts mainly disposed of via coastal discharge systems.Solar interfa...While desalination is a key solution for global freshwater scarcity,its implementation faces environmental challenges due to concentrated brine byproducts mainly disposed of via coastal discharge systems.Solar interfacial evaporation offers sustainable management potential,yet inevitable salt nucleation at evaporation interfaces degrades photothermal conversion and operational stability via light scattering and pathway blockage.Inspired by the mangrove leaf,we propose a photothermal 3D polydopamine and polypyrrole polymerized spacer fabric(PPSF)-based upward hanging model evaporation configuration with a reverse water feeding mechanism.This design enables zero-liquiddischarge(ZLD)desalination through phase-separation crystallization.The interconnected porous architecture and the rough surface of the PPSF enable superior water transport,achieving excellent solar-absorbing efficiency of 97.8%.By adjusting the tilt angle(θ),the evaporator separates the evaporation and salt crystallization zones via controlled capillary-driven brine transport,minimizing heat dissipation from brine discharge.At an optimal tilt angle of 52°,the evaporator reaches an evaporation rate of 2.81 kg m^(−2) h^(−1) with minimal heat loss(0.366 W)under 1-sun illumination while treating a 7 wt%waste brine solution.Furthermore,it sustains an evaporation rate of 2.71 kg m^(−2) h^(−1) over 72 h while ensuring efficient salt recovery.These results highlight a scalable,energy-efficient approach for sustainable ZLD desalination.展开更多
Structural engineering of Pt-based nanoalloys is crucial for the rational design and manufacturing of high-performance and low-cost electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Here,we reported PtNi nanoparti...Structural engineering of Pt-based nanoalloys is crucial for the rational design and manufacturing of high-performance and low-cost electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Here,we reported PtNi nanoparticles with a refined size of 2.71 nm and regular strains loaded on carbon black,synthesized using the high-temperature liquid shock(HTLS)method.This approach offers significant advantages over conventional synthesis methods,including high scalability,rapid reaction rates,and precise control over the size and shape of nanocrystals.Importantly,the synthesized PtNi electrocatalysts demonstrate outstanding catalytic activity and long-term stability for HER,achieving low overpotentials of 19 and 203 mV at current densities of 10 and 1000 mA/cm^(2),respectively.The superior performance can be attributed to the combination of a refined particle size,lattice strains,and synergistic effects between Pt and Ni.This rapid liquid-state synthesis demonstrated here holds great potential for scalable and industrial manufacturing of micro-/nano-catalysts.展开更多
The water hammer problem is an important issue in the dynamics of liquid propulsion system.This paper aims to use the Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)with entropy limiter to study the water hammer problems in propellant ...The water hammer problem is an important issue in the dynamics of liquid propulsion system.This paper aims to use the Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)with entropy limiter to study the water hammer problems in propellant feedlines.The dynamic characteristics of valve-closing water hammer and filling water hammer are investigated by this method,and the sensitivity of filling water hammer is analyzed with a single factor sensitivity analysis with 8 factors and 9 levels and a multi-factor sensitivity analysis with L_(27)(3^(13))orthogonal experiment based on range method.It is found that the solving result of LBM with entropy limiter is basically in good agreement with finite volume method,and using the entropy limiter can eliminate numerical oscillations when solving valve-closing water hammer problems and solve the numerical"blow up"when solving filling water hammer problems.It can be seen that the dynamic characteristics of valve-closing water hammer are relatively simple,while there are many factors that affect the filling water hammer and the degree of these effects varies.The effects on the maximum water hammer pressure are relatively uniform,but those on the water hammer response time vary greatly through the skewness analysis.展开更多
Porous ionic liquid electrospray thrusters are the ideal propulsion technology for CubeSats because of their structural simplicity,high thrust accuracy and plume self-neutralization.The electrowetting technology can r...Porous ionic liquid electrospray thrusters are the ideal propulsion technology for CubeSats because of their structural simplicity,high thrust accuracy and plume self-neutralization.The electrowetting technology can replenish the propellant for the emitter online,thus prolonging the lifetime of the thruster.In order to gain a deeper understanding of its operating characteristics,the changes in thruster performance before and after propellant replenishment deserve to be scrutinized.In this study,the performance changes of a porous electrowetting ionic liquid electrospray thruster are tested by voltage-current test and time-of-flight mass spectrometry over a long operating time.The experimental results show that asymmetric operation with a negative current less than positive current for a long period of time causes anions to compensate for the emission after accumulation at the emitter,resulting in a phenomenon that the negative current is much larger than positive current.The reason for the difference in emission characteristics between the positive and negative modes is that the plume in the positive mode is quite ionized while the plume in the negative mode contains liquid droplets.This study provides a reference for the selection of operating conditions for ionic liquid electrospray thrusters.展开更多
The radiative heat flux of the plume from reusable rockets is a critical parameter during the launch and return processes.This paper proposes a method for calculating radiative heat flux with higher accuracy than prev...The radiative heat flux of the plume from reusable rockets is a critical parameter during the launch and return processes.This paper proposes a method for calculating radiative heat flux with higher accuracy than previously reported for a recoverable nine-engine liquid-propellant rocket.Based on the Radiative Transfer Equation(RTE),this study employs the discrete transfer method to solve the transient RTE problem using physical properties to describe the problem while avoiding the need to directly solve mathematical equations.The proposed method can effectively determine the radiative heat flux of the flow field and is applicable to problems involving various geometries.Calculations reveal that during the ascent phase of the rocket,the radiative heat flux at the base of the vehicle reaches its maximum in the initial stages of the lift-off,reaching a maximum of~50 kW/m^(2),which is 2.24 times the maximum value during the return phase.During the deceleration stage of re-entry into the atmosphere,the maximum radiative heat flux recorded on the sidewall of the rocket is 29.1 kW/m^(2);the maximum heat flux on the bottom surface is approximately 22.3 kW/m^(2),accounting for 76.6%of that on the rocket's sidewall.This provides a basis for the thermal protection design of the rocket's bottom and walls as well as for the thermal management of cryogenic propellant tanks.Future research will involve ground engine testing and flight experiments to further validate the proposed model.展开更多
Eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)is a globally important vegetable crop,renowned for its nutritional value and economic significance.It is abundant in bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins and chlorogenic acid,which h...Eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)is a globally important vegetable crop,renowned for its nutritional value and economic significance.It is abundant in bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins and chlorogenic acid,which have been associated with multiple health-promoting properties(Azuma et al.,2008;Gurbuz et al.,2018).Given its significant hybrid vigor,F1 hybrid varieties are widely preferred in commercial cultivation(Mistry et al.,2018).However,traditional breeding practices predominantly rely on phenotypic selection,a process that is not only labor-intensive but also time-consuming.展开更多
Developing a chiral material as versatile and universal chiral stationary phase(CSP) for chiral separation in diverse chromatographic techniques simultaneously is of great significance.In this study,we demonstrated fo...Developing a chiral material as versatile and universal chiral stationary phase(CSP) for chiral separation in diverse chromatographic techniques simultaneously is of great significance.In this study,we demonstrated for the first time that a chiral metal-organic cage(MOC),[Zn_(6)M_(4)],as a universal chiral recognition material for both multi-mode high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and capillary gas chromatography(GC) enantioseparation.Two novel HPLC CSPs with different bonding arms(CSP-A with a cationic imidazolium bonding arm and CSP-B with an alkyl chain bonding arm) were prepared by clicking of functionalized chiral MOC [Zn_(6)M_(4)] onto thiolated silica via thiol-ene click chemistry.Meanwhile,a capillary GC column statically coated with the chiral MOC [Zn_(6)M_(4)] was also fabricated.The results showed that the chiral MOC exhibits excellent enantioselectivity not only in normal phase HPLC(NP-HPLC) and reversed phase(RP-HPLC) but also in GC,and various racemates were well separated,including alcohols,diols,esters,ketones,ethers,amines,and epoxides.Importantly,CSP-A and CSP-B are complementary to commercially available Chiralcel OD-H and Chiralpak AD-H columns in enantioseparation,which can separate some racemates that could not be or could not well be separated by the two widely used commercial columns,suggesting the great potential of the two prepared CSPs in enantioseparation.This work reveals that the chiral MOC is potential versatile chiral recognition materials for both HPLC and GC,and also paves the way to expand the potential applications of MOCs.展开更多
The practical application of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)requires electrolytes that simultaneously ensure high safety and interfacial stability.Although locally concentrated ionic liquid electrolytes(LCILEs)exhibit e...The practical application of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)requires electrolytes that simultaneously ensure high safety and interfacial stability.Although locally concentrated ionic liquid electrolytes(LCILEs)exhibit exceptional electrochemical stability and compatibility with electrode electrolyte interfaces(EEIs),two major challenges persist:(i)safety risks caused by excessive low-flash-point diluents,and(ii)insufficient understanding of how diluents modulate solvation structures.Herein,we introduce a low-diluent-content LCILE system composed of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI)salt,N-methyl-N-propyl-pyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(Pyr_(13)FSI)ionic liquid,and trifluoromethanesulfonate(TFS)diluent.The TFS diluent strengthens ion-ion interactions by lowering the dielectric constant of the electrolyte,resulting in the formation of a unique nanometric anion aggregates(N-AGGs)reinforced solvation structure.These large anionic clusters exhibit accelerated redox decomposition kinetics,facilitating the rapid formation of a thin,dense,and low-impedance EEI.Consequently,the Li/LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)coin cell achieves 87.8%capacity retention over 300 cycles at 4.3 V,while a practical 1.4 Ah Li/NCM622 pouch cell retains 84.5%capacity after 80 cycles at 4.5 V.Furthermore,the electrolyte demonstrates exceptional safety,and 2 Ah Li metal pouch cells successfully pass rigorous nail penetration tests without any ignition or explosion.This work not only provides a design strategy for intrinsically safe and high-performance electrolytes but also highlights the critical role of anion cluster decomposition kinetics in shaping EEI formation.展开更多
With the maturation of coalbed methane(CBM)exploitation and the transition into the late stages of dewatering and gas production,liquid loading in gathering pipelines has emerged as a major constraint on productivity ...With the maturation of coalbed methane(CBM)exploitation and the transition into the late stages of dewatering and gas production,liquid loading in gathering pipelines has emerged as a major constraint on productivity and operational stability.Based on real-time field data and gas-liquid physicochemical analyses,this study elucidates the mechanisms governing liquid loading formation under varying temperature,pressure,and water saturation conditions.An HYSYS model is employed to determine the water dew point,while the Turner model is used to evaluate the critical conditions for liquid holdup.The results indicate that gas water saturation exerts the dominant influence on liquid loading risk,followed by pressure,whereas temperature plays a comparatively minor role.When water saturation exceeds 2%and the operating temperature falls below the dew point,condensation-driven liquid loading increases sharply.To further characterize the spatial distribution of liquid accumulation,a steady-state OLGA model of a DN100 gathering pipeline network is developed to examine the effects of pipe diameter,water saturation,and soil temperature.The simulations show that larger pipe diameters and higher water saturation significantly aggravate liquid holdup,while elevated soil temperature mitigates liquid accumulation.Moreover,the liquid holdup ratio is found to correlate closely with flow regime transitions,confirming its suitability as a key indicator of liquid loading risk.Based on these findings,optimization strategies for pipeline design and operation are proposed.To mitigate liquid loading,the gathering pipeline velocity should be maintained above the critical value of 1.63 m/s,and the gas water content should be strictly controlled below 2%.Under operating conditions representative of the Hancheng block,it is recommended to reduce the pipeline diameter from DN130 to DN100 to enhance self-cleaning capacity.In addition,thermal insulation should be applied during winter operation to maintain the pipe wall temperature above 10◦C,thereby suppressing condensation-induced liquid accumulation.展开更多
The inability to access brain tissue has greatly hindered our ability to study and care for individuals suffering from psychiatric and neurological conditions.Critics have questioned efforts to develop peripheral bloo...The inability to access brain tissue has greatly hindered our ability to study and care for individuals suffering from psychiatric and neurological conditions.Critics have questioned efforts to develop peripheral blood biomarkers in neurological and psychiatric disorders based on the assertion that disease pathology is limited to the brain.The discovery that all tissues,including the brain,release extracellular vesicles(Raposo and Stoorvogel,2013)and cell free DNAs(Chan et al.,2013)into various body fluids has provided a potential way to measure activity from inaccessible tissues like the central nervous system(CNS)and has given rise to the term“liquid biopsy.”The development of liquid biopsies that can diagnose and predict the course of psychiatric and neurological disorders would be transformative.The ability to predict episodic events such as mania,depression,and risk for suicide would be particularly useful for psychiatric care as it would enable the development of interventions that prevent mortality and improve outcomes.Additionally,biomarkers that are informative about drug response and aid in treatment decisions would be a significant advance in psychiatric care as it would prevent patients from having to endure multiple courses of ineffective treatments and side effects.展开更多
Objectives:Cancer treatment relies heavily on accurate diagnosis and effective monitoring of the disease.These processes often involve invasive procedures,such as colonoscopy,to detect malignant tissues,followed by mo...Objectives:Cancer treatment relies heavily on accurate diagnosis and effective monitoring of the disease.These processes often involve invasive procedures,such as colonoscopy,to detect malignant tissues,followed by molecular analyses to determine relevant biomarkers.This study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of droplet digital PCR(ddPCR)for detecting Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Proto-Oncogene(KRAS),Neuroblastoma RAS Viral Oncogene Homolog(NRAS),and B-Raf Murine Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog B(BRAF)mutations in circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)from colorectal cancer patients using liquid biopsy.Methods:ctDNA was isolated from colorectal cancer(CRC)patients(n=110)and analyzed for KRAS,BRAF,and NRAS mutations.The ctDNA obtained through liquid biopsy was analyzed using ddPCR,and the findings were compared with sequencing data from tumor DNA archived in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded(FFPE)blocks.Results:For KRAS mutations,ddPCR achieved a sensitivity of 72.0%and a specificity of 71.4%.However,when pooling all target mutations(KRAS,NRAS and BRAF),the overall sensitivity and specificity were lower,at 48.3%and 51.1%,respectively.Conclusion:The results of this study indicate that the ddPCR analysis of ctDNA may provide complementary information for the molecular diagnosis of CRC patients.展开更多
The potential of organic coatings in antifouling applications has been well-documented.Beyond their exceptional antifouling effects,these coatings should also possess good mechanical strength and self-healing capabili...The potential of organic coatings in antifouling applications has been well-documented.Beyond their exceptional antifouling effects,these coatings should also possess good mechanical strength and self-healing capabilities.Herein,a novel vinyl-based ionic liquid[VEMIM^(+)][Cl^(−)](IL)was in situ polymerized and then assembled onto the surface of liquid metal(GLM)nanodroplets to prepare GLM-IL.Subsequently,Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx(MXene)was modified with GLM-IL nanodroplets to obtain GLM-IL/MXene composite,which acts as an efficient photon captor and photothermal converters and can be further composited with PU film(GLM-IL/MXene/PU).Notably,the composite film significantly increases by∼117℃after exposure to 200 mW/cm2 light irradiation.This increase is attributed to the high photothermal conversion efficiency of MXene and the excellent plasma effect of GLM-IL.Compared with pure PU,the GLM-IL/MXene/PU film shows a 50%improvement in tensile strength and above 85.8%healing efficiency with a local temperature increase.Additionally,the as-prepared GLM-IL/MXene/PU film reveals satisfactory antifouling properties,achieving a 99.7%reduction in bacterial presence and an 80.3%reduction in microalgae.This work introduces a novel coating with antifouling and self-healing properties,offering a wide range of applications in the fields of marine antifouling and biomedicine.展开更多
Controllable liquid manipulation is of paramount scientific and technological importance in various fields,such as the chemical industry,biomedicine,and agricultural production.Magnetic actuation,characterized by rapi...Controllable liquid manipulation is of paramount scientific and technological importance in various fields,such as the chemical industry,biomedicine,and agricultural production.Magnetic actuation,characterized by rapid,contactless,and environmentally benign operation,has emerged as a promising approach for precise liquid control.However,conventional magnetic strategies typically govern droplet movement on open surfaces,facing limitations such as restricted liquid volumes,uncertain flow paths,and inevitable evaporation,thereby constraining their broader practical applications.Recently,a variety of magneticdriven strategies have been developed to dynamically regulate liquids within enclosed spaces,especially through physicochemical mechanisms.These approaches provide efficient control over liquid behavior by leveraging magnetically induced chemical changes,structural deformations,and dragging motions,opening new opportunities for flexible and versatile fluid management.This review explores the design and mechanisms of magneto-responsive confined interfaces for the manipulation of nonmagnetic liquids,highlighting key advancements and potential applications including liquid valves,liquid mixing,liquid flow regulation,and liquid pumping.Finally,the existing challenges and future prospects in this field are presented.展开更多
Quantum flutter is a ubiquitous phenomenon which can be observed from the fast moving impurity injected into a fermionic or bosonic medium of quantum liquid.In this scenario,one usually considers a medium of a fully p...Quantum flutter is a ubiquitous phenomenon which can be observed from the fast moving impurity injected into a fermionic or bosonic medium of quantum liquid.In this scenario,one usually considers a medium of a fully polarized state and injects a spin-flipped impurity as the initial state.When the initial velocity of the impurity is beyond the intrinsic sound velocity of the medium,the impurity momentum dramatically exhibits a long-lived periodic oscillation with the periodicity remaining invariant with respect to the initial velocity.In this paper,we show that such a novel phenomenon can be explained by a linear Luttinger liquid coupled to a deep hole in the Fermi sea.Once the deep hole excitations are involved and the impurity momentum surpasses the Fermi momentum,the propagator thus displays a periodic oscillation after a quick relaxation decay.The oscillation periodicity is solely determined by the energy of the deepest hole excitation.Our result provides deep insights into the dynamical behavior of quantum impurities immersed into one-dimensional quantum liquids.展开更多
Soft robots have shown great advantages with simple structure,high degree of freedom,continuous deformation,and benign human-machine interaction.In the past decades,a variety of soft robots,including crawling,jumping,...Soft robots have shown great advantages with simple structure,high degree of freedom,continuous deformation,and benign human-machine interaction.In the past decades,a variety of soft robots,including crawling,jumping,swimming,and climbing robots,have been developed inspired by living creatures.However,most of the reported bionic soft robots have only a single mode of motion,which limits their practical application.Herein,we report a fully 3D printed crawling and flipping soft robot using liquid metal incorporated liquid crystal elastomer(LM-LCE)composite as the actuator.With the application of voltage,liquid metal works as the conductive Joule heating material to induce the contraction of the LCE layer.The bending angle of the LM-LCE composite actuator highly depends on the applied voltage.We further demonstrate that the soft robot can exhibit distinct moving behaviors,such as crawling or flipping,by applying different voltages.The fully 3D printed LM-LCE composite structure provides a strategy for the fast construction of soft robots with diverse motion modes.展开更多
文摘In this work,we proposed a strategy for the hydrolysis of native corn starch after the treatment of corn starch in an ionic liquid aqueous solution,and it is an awfully“green”and simple means to obtain starch with low molecular weight and amorphous state.X-ray diffraction results revealed that the natural starch crystalline region was largely disrupted by ionic liquid owing to the broken intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds.After hydrolysis,the morphology of starch changed from particles of native corn starch into little pieces,and their molecular weight could be effectively regulated during the hydrolysis process,and also the hydrolyzed starch samples exhibited decreased thermal stability with the extension of hydrolysis time.This work would counsel as a powerful tool for the development of native starch in realistic applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22005226 and 52203124)Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry,Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.CCNC-202402)+1 种基金the Basic and Advanced Research Project from Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau(No.2022013988065201)Hubei Integrative Technology and Innovation Center for Advanced Fiberous Materials,project(No.XC2024G3013)。
文摘As the global textile industry has accelerated its transition to a circular economy,iterative innovation in regenerated cellulose fibers has become a key industry focus.With viscose fiber having been industrialized for over a century and lyocell fiber gaining market recognition because of its environmentally friendly process,which is the next regenerated cellulose fiber.Herein,ionic liquids with low vapor pressure,nonflammability,relatively simple recovery,and high dissolution efficiency were used to fabricate regenerated cellulose fibers.The viscose and lyocell properties of the fibers were systematically compared,including microscopic morphology,dyeing behavior,fibrillation resistance,mechanical properties,yarn-forming capacity,and fabric performance.The ionic liquid(IL)fiber exhibited a smooth surface and circular cross-section,with the highest tensile strength,moderate dyeing and fibrillation properties,and similar spinning and weaving performance.This work can provide a reference for the commercial application of regenerated cellulose fibers fabricated from ionic liquid.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2341281,12272026,12502287)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(Grant No.L248008)。
文摘Liquid metals have garnered widespread attention in the fields of electronics and materials science due to their unique combination of fluidity and electrical conductivity.Conventional liquid metal droplet generators typically rely on piezoelectric actuators to impose mechanical perturbations on the jet to control droplet formation.In this work,we present a new method for generating a uniform and controllable stream of liquid metal microdroplets by applying periodic electrostatic perturbations to the jet.Using a nozzle with an inner diameter of 25??m,we achieved continuous generation of droplets approximately 51μm in diameter at a frequency of 110 kHz.By adjusting the nozzle diameter,flow rate,and the frequency of the applied voltage,the size and spacing of the droplets can be effectively tuned.Moreover,a comparison between experimental observations and theoretical predictions under various conditions demonstrates that the Rayleigh-Plateau instability theory accurately describes the disturbance growth and droplet formation under electric field excitation.Our study provides both theoretical and experimental foundations for the controlled generation of gallium-based liquid metal droplets.
文摘Pediatric cancers are particularly significant due to their uncommon occurrence in children,driven by a variety of underlying factors.Because of their distinct molecular and genetic makeup,which makes early detection challenging,they are linked to problems.Diagnostic methods like imaging and tissue biopsy are only effective when the tumor has reached a size that can be identified.The liquid biopsy technique,the least intrusive and most convenient diagnostic method,is the subject of this review.It focuses on the significance of single cell analysis in examining uncommon cancer types.The many biomarkers found in bodily fluids and the cancer types they are linked to in children have been assessed,as has the potential route towards early detection and cancer recurrence forecasting.Combining the single cell liquid biopsy with the newest technologies,such as computational and multi-omics approaches,which have improved the efficiency of processing massive and unique genetic data,appears promising.This article discusses on a number of case reports for uncommon pediatric malignancies,such as Neuroblastoma,Medulloblastoma,Wilms Tumor,Rhabdomyosarcoma,Ewing Sarcoma,and Retinoblastoma,as well as their liquid biopsy profiles.Furthermore,the findings raise ethical questions regarding the therapeutic application of the technology as well as possible difficulties related to clinical translation.The likelihood that this single cell liquid biopsy will be clinically validated and eventually used as a routine diagnostic tool for uncommon pediatric cancers will rise with the realistic approach to sensitivity monitoring,specificity upgrading,and optimization.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3804902,2022YFB3804900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203226,52161145406,42376045)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2232024Y-01,2232025D-02).
文摘While desalination is a key solution for global freshwater scarcity,its implementation faces environmental challenges due to concentrated brine byproducts mainly disposed of via coastal discharge systems.Solar interfacial evaporation offers sustainable management potential,yet inevitable salt nucleation at evaporation interfaces degrades photothermal conversion and operational stability via light scattering and pathway blockage.Inspired by the mangrove leaf,we propose a photothermal 3D polydopamine and polypyrrole polymerized spacer fabric(PPSF)-based upward hanging model evaporation configuration with a reverse water feeding mechanism.This design enables zero-liquiddischarge(ZLD)desalination through phase-separation crystallization.The interconnected porous architecture and the rough surface of the PPSF enable superior water transport,achieving excellent solar-absorbing efficiency of 97.8%.By adjusting the tilt angle(θ),the evaporator separates the evaporation and salt crystallization zones via controlled capillary-driven brine transport,minimizing heat dissipation from brine discharge.At an optimal tilt angle of 52°,the evaporator reaches an evaporation rate of 2.81 kg m^(−2) h^(−1) with minimal heat loss(0.366 W)under 1-sun illumination while treating a 7 wt%waste brine solution.Furthermore,it sustains an evaporation rate of 2.71 kg m^(−2) h^(−1) over 72 h while ensuring efficient salt recovery.These results highlight a scalable,energy-efficient approach for sustainable ZLD desalination.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12205165)Hebei Province Innovation Ability Improvement Plan Project(No.225676111H).
文摘Structural engineering of Pt-based nanoalloys is crucial for the rational design and manufacturing of high-performance and low-cost electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Here,we reported PtNi nanoparticles with a refined size of 2.71 nm and regular strains loaded on carbon black,synthesized using the high-temperature liquid shock(HTLS)method.This approach offers significant advantages over conventional synthesis methods,including high scalability,rapid reaction rates,and precise control over the size and shape of nanocrystals.Importantly,the synthesized PtNi electrocatalysts demonstrate outstanding catalytic activity and long-term stability for HER,achieving low overpotentials of 19 and 203 mV at current densities of 10 and 1000 mA/cm^(2),respectively.The superior performance can be attributed to the combination of a refined particle size,lattice strains,and synergistic effects between Pt and Ni.This rapid liquid-state synthesis demonstrated here holds great potential for scalable and industrial manufacturing of micro-/nano-catalysts.
基金supported by the Natural Science BasicResearch Program of Shaanxi,China(No.2021JC-14)。
文摘The water hammer problem is an important issue in the dynamics of liquid propulsion system.This paper aims to use the Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)with entropy limiter to study the water hammer problems in propellant feedlines.The dynamic characteristics of valve-closing water hammer and filling water hammer are investigated by this method,and the sensitivity of filling water hammer is analyzed with a single factor sensitivity analysis with 8 factors and 9 levels and a multi-factor sensitivity analysis with L_(27)(3^(13))orthogonal experiment based on range method.It is found that the solving result of LBM with entropy limiter is basically in good agreement with finite volume method,and using the entropy limiter can eliminate numerical oscillations when solving valve-closing water hammer problems and solve the numerical"blow up"when solving filling water hammer problems.It can be seen that the dynamic characteristics of valve-closing water hammer are relatively simple,while there are many factors that affect the filling water hammer and the degree of these effects varies.The effects on the maximum water hammer pressure are relatively uniform,but those on the water hammer response time vary greatly through the skewness analysis.
基金co-supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2020YFC2201103 and 2022YFB4601300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22B20120)+1 种基金the Program of Beijing Engineering Research Center of Efficient and Green Aerospace Propulsion Technology,China(No.Lab ASP-2024-09)the Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars,China。
文摘Porous ionic liquid electrospray thrusters are the ideal propulsion technology for CubeSats because of their structural simplicity,high thrust accuracy and plume self-neutralization.The electrowetting technology can replenish the propellant for the emitter online,thus prolonging the lifetime of the thruster.In order to gain a deeper understanding of its operating characteristics,the changes in thruster performance before and after propellant replenishment deserve to be scrutinized.In this study,the performance changes of a porous electrowetting ionic liquid electrospray thruster are tested by voltage-current test and time-of-flight mass spectrometry over a long operating time.The experimental results show that asymmetric operation with a negative current less than positive current for a long period of time causes anions to compensate for the emission after accumulation at the emitter,resulting in a phenomenon that the negative current is much larger than positive current.The reason for the difference in emission characteristics between the positive and negative modes is that the plume in the positive mode is quite ionized while the plume in the negative mode contains liquid droplets.This study provides a reference for the selection of operating conditions for ionic liquid electrospray thrusters.
文摘The radiative heat flux of the plume from reusable rockets is a critical parameter during the launch and return processes.This paper proposes a method for calculating radiative heat flux with higher accuracy than previously reported for a recoverable nine-engine liquid-propellant rocket.Based on the Radiative Transfer Equation(RTE),this study employs the discrete transfer method to solve the transient RTE problem using physical properties to describe the problem while avoiding the need to directly solve mathematical equations.The proposed method can effectively determine the radiative heat flux of the flow field and is applicable to problems involving various geometries.Calculations reveal that during the ascent phase of the rocket,the radiative heat flux at the base of the vehicle reaches its maximum in the initial stages of the lift-off,reaching a maximum of~50 kW/m^(2),which is 2.24 times the maximum value during the return phase.During the deceleration stage of re-entry into the atmosphere,the maximum radiative heat flux recorded on the sidewall of the rocket is 29.1 kW/m^(2);the maximum heat flux on the bottom surface is approximately 22.3 kW/m^(2),accounting for 76.6%of that on the rocket's sidewall.This provides a basis for the thermal protection design of the rocket's bottom and walls as well as for the thermal management of cryogenic propellant tanks.Future research will involve ground engine testing and flight experiments to further validate the proposed model.
基金supported by Yuelushan Laboratory Breeding Program(Grant No.YLS-2025-ZY02013)The Project of National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding(Grant No.NKLTCB202341)+4 种基金The New Variety Breeding Project of the Major Science and Technology Projects of Zhejiang(Grant No.2021C02065-1-3)Hunan Provincial Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project(Grant No.2025CX115)Key R&D Projects in Hainan Province(Grant No.ZDYF2023XDNY041)Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(Grant No.1630062022003)2024 Sanya Technology Stars Program(Grant No.2024KJFX022).
文摘Eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)is a globally important vegetable crop,renowned for its nutritional value and economic significance.It is abundant in bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins and chlorogenic acid,which have been associated with multiple health-promoting properties(Azuma et al.,2008;Gurbuz et al.,2018).Given its significant hybrid vigor,F1 hybrid varieties are widely preferred in commercial cultivation(Mistry et al.,2018).However,traditional breeding practices predominantly rely on phenotypic selection,a process that is not only labor-intensive but also time-consuming.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22064020,22364022,and 22174125)the Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province (Nos.202101AT070101 and 202201AT070029)。
文摘Developing a chiral material as versatile and universal chiral stationary phase(CSP) for chiral separation in diverse chromatographic techniques simultaneously is of great significance.In this study,we demonstrated for the first time that a chiral metal-organic cage(MOC),[Zn_(6)M_(4)],as a universal chiral recognition material for both multi-mode high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and capillary gas chromatography(GC) enantioseparation.Two novel HPLC CSPs with different bonding arms(CSP-A with a cationic imidazolium bonding arm and CSP-B with an alkyl chain bonding arm) were prepared by clicking of functionalized chiral MOC [Zn_(6)M_(4)] onto thiolated silica via thiol-ene click chemistry.Meanwhile,a capillary GC column statically coated with the chiral MOC [Zn_(6)M_(4)] was also fabricated.The results showed that the chiral MOC exhibits excellent enantioselectivity not only in normal phase HPLC(NP-HPLC) and reversed phase(RP-HPLC) but also in GC,and various racemates were well separated,including alcohols,diols,esters,ketones,ethers,amines,and epoxides.Importantly,CSP-A and CSP-B are complementary to commercially available Chiralcel OD-H and Chiralpak AD-H columns in enantioseparation,which can separate some racemates that could not be or could not well be separated by the two widely used commercial columns,suggesting the great potential of the two prepared CSPs in enantioseparation.This work reveals that the chiral MOC is potential versatile chiral recognition materials for both HPLC and GC,and also paves the way to expand the potential applications of MOCs.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0207300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22179142 and 22075314)+1 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Program(Grant No.BG 2024020).XPSWAXS and TOF-SIMS characterizations were supported by Nano-X(Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation,Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(SINANO),Suzhou 215123,China)。
文摘The practical application of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)requires electrolytes that simultaneously ensure high safety and interfacial stability.Although locally concentrated ionic liquid electrolytes(LCILEs)exhibit exceptional electrochemical stability and compatibility with electrode electrolyte interfaces(EEIs),two major challenges persist:(i)safety risks caused by excessive low-flash-point diluents,and(ii)insufficient understanding of how diluents modulate solvation structures.Herein,we introduce a low-diluent-content LCILE system composed of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI)salt,N-methyl-N-propyl-pyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(Pyr_(13)FSI)ionic liquid,and trifluoromethanesulfonate(TFS)diluent.The TFS diluent strengthens ion-ion interactions by lowering the dielectric constant of the electrolyte,resulting in the formation of a unique nanometric anion aggregates(N-AGGs)reinforced solvation structure.These large anionic clusters exhibit accelerated redox decomposition kinetics,facilitating the rapid formation of a thin,dense,and low-impedance EEI.Consequently,the Li/LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)coin cell achieves 87.8%capacity retention over 300 cycles at 4.3 V,while a practical 1.4 Ah Li/NCM622 pouch cell retains 84.5%capacity after 80 cycles at 4.5 V.Furthermore,the electrolyte demonstrates exceptional safety,and 2 Ah Li metal pouch cells successfully pass rigorous nail penetration tests without any ignition or explosion.This work not only provides a design strategy for intrinsically safe and high-performance electrolytes but also highlights the critical role of anion cluster decomposition kinetics in shaping EEI formation.
基金supported by PetroChina Coalbed Methane Co.,Ltd.
文摘With the maturation of coalbed methane(CBM)exploitation and the transition into the late stages of dewatering and gas production,liquid loading in gathering pipelines has emerged as a major constraint on productivity and operational stability.Based on real-time field data and gas-liquid physicochemical analyses,this study elucidates the mechanisms governing liquid loading formation under varying temperature,pressure,and water saturation conditions.An HYSYS model is employed to determine the water dew point,while the Turner model is used to evaluate the critical conditions for liquid holdup.The results indicate that gas water saturation exerts the dominant influence on liquid loading risk,followed by pressure,whereas temperature plays a comparatively minor role.When water saturation exceeds 2%and the operating temperature falls below the dew point,condensation-driven liquid loading increases sharply.To further characterize the spatial distribution of liquid accumulation,a steady-state OLGA model of a DN100 gathering pipeline network is developed to examine the effects of pipe diameter,water saturation,and soil temperature.The simulations show that larger pipe diameters and higher water saturation significantly aggravate liquid holdup,while elevated soil temperature mitigates liquid accumulation.Moreover,the liquid holdup ratio is found to correlate closely with flow regime transitions,confirming its suitability as a key indicator of liquid loading risk.Based on these findings,optimization strategies for pipeline design and operation are proposed.To mitigate liquid loading,the gathering pipeline velocity should be maintained above the critical value of 1.63 m/s,and the gas water content should be strictly controlled below 2%.Under operating conditions representative of the Hancheng block,it is recommended to reduce the pipeline diameter from DN130 to DN100 to enhance self-cleaning capacity.In addition,thermal insulation should be applied during winter operation to maintain the pipe wall temperature above 10◦C,thereby suppressing condensation-induced liquid accumulation.
基金supported by Department of Defense grant HT9425-24-1-0030 a grant from the Stanley Medical Research Institute(to SS).
文摘The inability to access brain tissue has greatly hindered our ability to study and care for individuals suffering from psychiatric and neurological conditions.Critics have questioned efforts to develop peripheral blood biomarkers in neurological and psychiatric disorders based on the assertion that disease pathology is limited to the brain.The discovery that all tissues,including the brain,release extracellular vesicles(Raposo and Stoorvogel,2013)and cell free DNAs(Chan et al.,2013)into various body fluids has provided a potential way to measure activity from inaccessible tissues like the central nervous system(CNS)and has given rise to the term“liquid biopsy.”The development of liquid biopsies that can diagnose and predict the course of psychiatric and neurological disorders would be transformative.The ability to predict episodic events such as mania,depression,and risk for suicide would be particularly useful for psychiatric care as it would enable the development of interventions that prevent mortality and improve outcomes.Additionally,biomarkers that are informative about drug response and aid in treatment decisions would be a significant advance in psychiatric care as it would prevent patients from having to endure multiple courses of ineffective treatments and side effects.
基金funded by the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic—conceptual development of research organization(MMCI,00209805)Czech Science Foundation(No.25-15990S)+1 种基金the project 7D241003 EUREKA EUROSTARS35897,project SALVAGE(P JAC,reg.No.CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004644)—funded by the European Unionby the State Budget of the Czech Republic,and by the LRI project BBMRI.cz(Nos.LM2023033 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001674.).
文摘Objectives:Cancer treatment relies heavily on accurate diagnosis and effective monitoring of the disease.These processes often involve invasive procedures,such as colonoscopy,to detect malignant tissues,followed by molecular analyses to determine relevant biomarkers.This study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of droplet digital PCR(ddPCR)for detecting Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Proto-Oncogene(KRAS),Neuroblastoma RAS Viral Oncogene Homolog(NRAS),and B-Raf Murine Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog B(BRAF)mutations in circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)from colorectal cancer patients using liquid biopsy.Methods:ctDNA was isolated from colorectal cancer(CRC)patients(n=110)and analyzed for KRAS,BRAF,and NRAS mutations.The ctDNA obtained through liquid biopsy was analyzed using ddPCR,and the findings were compared with sequencing data from tumor DNA archived in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded(FFPE)blocks.Results:For KRAS mutations,ddPCR achieved a sensitivity of 72.0%and a specificity of 71.4%.However,when pooling all target mutations(KRAS,NRAS and BRAF),the overall sensitivity and specificity were lower,at 48.3%and 51.1%,respectively.Conclusion:The results of this study indicate that the ddPCR analysis of ctDNA may provide complementary information for the molecular diagnosis of CRC patients.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U21A2046)the Western Light Project of CAS(No.xbzg-zdsys-202118)+1 种基金the Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Team(No.2024RS-CXTD-63)the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing(NPU),China(No.2023-TS-03).
文摘The potential of organic coatings in antifouling applications has been well-documented.Beyond their exceptional antifouling effects,these coatings should also possess good mechanical strength and self-healing capabilities.Herein,a novel vinyl-based ionic liquid[VEMIM^(+)][Cl^(−)](IL)was in situ polymerized and then assembled onto the surface of liquid metal(GLM)nanodroplets to prepare GLM-IL.Subsequently,Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx(MXene)was modified with GLM-IL nanodroplets to obtain GLM-IL/MXene composite,which acts as an efficient photon captor and photothermal converters and can be further composited with PU film(GLM-IL/MXene/PU).Notably,the composite film significantly increases by∼117℃after exposure to 200 mW/cm2 light irradiation.This increase is attributed to the high photothermal conversion efficiency of MXene and the excellent plasma effect of GLM-IL.Compared with pure PU,the GLM-IL/MXene/PU film shows a 50%improvement in tensile strength and above 85.8%healing efficiency with a local temperature increase.Additionally,the as-prepared GLM-IL/MXene/PU film reveals satisfactory antifouling properties,achieving a 99.7%reduction in bacterial presence and an 80.3%reduction in microalgae.This work introduces a novel coating with antifouling and self-healing properties,offering a wide range of applications in the fields of marine antifouling and biomedicine.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52025132,U24A20205,52303373,21621091,22021001,and 22121001)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M763174)+2 种基金the 111 Project(Nos.B17027,B16029)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(No.2022J02059)the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the Xplorer Prize。
文摘Controllable liquid manipulation is of paramount scientific and technological importance in various fields,such as the chemical industry,biomedicine,and agricultural production.Magnetic actuation,characterized by rapid,contactless,and environmentally benign operation,has emerged as a promising approach for precise liquid control.However,conventional magnetic strategies typically govern droplet movement on open surfaces,facing limitations such as restricted liquid volumes,uncertain flow paths,and inevitable evaporation,thereby constraining their broader practical applications.Recently,a variety of magneticdriven strategies have been developed to dynamically regulate liquids within enclosed spaces,especially through physicochemical mechanisms.These approaches provide efficient control over liquid behavior by leveraging magnetically induced chemical changes,structural deformations,and dragging motions,opening new opportunities for flexible and versatile fluid management.This review explores the design and mechanisms of magneto-responsive confined interfaces for the manipulation of nonmagnetic liquids,highlighting key advancements and potential applications including liquid valves,liquid mixing,liquid flow regulation,and liquid pumping.Finally,the existing challenges and future prospects in this field are presented.
基金SW is supported by the HK GRF under Grant Nos.17306024 and 17313122the CRF under Grant No.C7012-21G+2 种基金a RGC Fellowship Award under No.HKU RFS2223-7S03XWG and ZHZ are supported by the NSFC key under Grant Nos.12134015,92365202,12121004,12175290the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2022YFA1404102.
文摘Quantum flutter is a ubiquitous phenomenon which can be observed from the fast moving impurity injected into a fermionic or bosonic medium of quantum liquid.In this scenario,one usually considers a medium of a fully polarized state and injects a spin-flipped impurity as the initial state.When the initial velocity of the impurity is beyond the intrinsic sound velocity of the medium,the impurity momentum dramatically exhibits a long-lived periodic oscillation with the periodicity remaining invariant with respect to the initial velocity.In this paper,we show that such a novel phenomenon can be explained by a linear Luttinger liquid coupled to a deep hole in the Fermi sea.Once the deep hole excitations are involved and the impurity momentum surpasses the Fermi momentum,the propagator thus displays a periodic oscillation after a quick relaxation decay.The oscillation periodicity is solely determined by the energy of the deepest hole excitation.Our result provides deep insights into the dynamical behavior of quantum impurities immersed into one-dimensional quantum liquids.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB3812500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52105003)+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.2222058)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.YWF-22-K-101)。
文摘Soft robots have shown great advantages with simple structure,high degree of freedom,continuous deformation,and benign human-machine interaction.In the past decades,a variety of soft robots,including crawling,jumping,swimming,and climbing robots,have been developed inspired by living creatures.However,most of the reported bionic soft robots have only a single mode of motion,which limits their practical application.Herein,we report a fully 3D printed crawling and flipping soft robot using liquid metal incorporated liquid crystal elastomer(LM-LCE)composite as the actuator.With the application of voltage,liquid metal works as the conductive Joule heating material to induce the contraction of the LCE layer.The bending angle of the LM-LCE composite actuator highly depends on the applied voltage.We further demonstrate that the soft robot can exhibit distinct moving behaviors,such as crawling or flipping,by applying different voltages.The fully 3D printed LM-LCE composite structure provides a strategy for the fast construction of soft robots with diverse motion modes.
