The effects of different dietary lipid content on the growth and lipase activity ofEriocheir sinensis larvae were studied in the paper. The results showed that the survival, metamorphic rate and weight gain of E. sine...The effects of different dietary lipid content on the growth and lipase activity ofEriocheir sinensis larvae were studied in the paper. The results showed that the survival, metamorphic rate and weight gain of E. sinensis larvae at different stages of growth all varied significantly with lipid content （P〈0.05）. Further, the survival and metamorphosis rates were the highest during the larval phases Z3 to Z4, and the weight gain was the highest during the larval phases Z5 to M. During the first 20h after metamorphosis of every larval stage, the lipase activity increased over time at Z1, Z2, Z3 and M and declined at Z4 and Zs, and was influenced significantly by lipid content （P〈0.05）. In addition, lipase activity at each larval stage began to respond to dietary lipid contents 4h after the larvae were fed, and tended to be stable after 12 h. The diets with higher lipase activity and lower lipid content were selected to give the suitable recipe of lipid requirements at each larval stage. It was concluded that the suitable lipid requirements at Zb Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5 and M were 6%, 4% 6%, 8%, 8% and 10%, respectively.展开更多
Background：Due to high neutral lipids accumulation in the cytoplasm,in vitro-produced embryos from Bos primigenius indicus and their crosses are more sensitive to chilling and cryopreservation than those from Bos pri...Background：Due to high neutral lipids accumulation in the cytoplasm,in vitro-produced embryos from Bos primigenius indicus and their crosses are more sensitive to chilling and cryopreservation than those from Bos primigenius taurus.The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid（CLA） on the development and cryotolerance of crossbred Bos primigenius taurus x Bos primigenius indicus embryos produced in vitro,and cultured in the presence of fetal calf serum.Bovine zygotes（n = 1,692）were randomly assigned to one of the following treatment groups：1） Control,zygotes cultured in Charles Rosenkrans 2 amino acid（CR2aa） medium（n = 815） or 2） CLA,zygotes cultured in CR2 aa medium supplemented with 100 μmol/L of trans-10,cis-12 CLA（n =877）.Embryo development（cleavage and blastocyst rates evaluated at days 3 and 8 of culture,respectively）,lipid content at morula stage（day 5） and blastocyst cryotolerance（re-expansion and hatching rates,evaluated 24 and 72 h post-thawing,respectively） were compared between groups.Additionally,selected mRNA transcripts were measured by Real-Time PCR in blastocyst stage.Results：The CLA treatment had no effect on cleavage and blastocyst rates,or on mRNA levels for genes related to cellular stress and apoptosis.On the other hand,abundance of mRNA for the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate0-acyltransferase-encoding gene（AGPAT）,which is involved in triglycerides synthesis,and consequently neutral lipid content,were reduced by CLA treatment.A significant increase was observed in the re-expansion rate of embryos cultured with trans-10,cis-12 CLA when compared to control（56.3 vs.34.4%,respectively,P = 0.002）.However,this difference was not observed in the hatching rate（16.5 vs.14.0%,respectively,P=0.62）.Conclusions：The supplementation with trans-10,ds-12 CLA isomer in culture medium reduced the lipid content of in vitro produced bovine embryos by reducing the gene expression of 1-acylglycerol 3-phosphate 0-acyltransferase（AGPAT） enzyme.However,a possible improvement in embryo cryotolerance in response to CLA,as suggested by increased blastocyst re-expansion rate,was not confirmed by hatching rates.展开更多
Microalgae use photosynthesis to convert solar energy into chemical energy, such as lipid and they can be a replacement for oil-based fuels. They are among the fastest growing plants in the world, and about 50% of the...Microalgae use photosynthesis to convert solar energy into chemical energy, such as lipid and they can be a replacement for oil-based fuels. They are among the fastest growing plants in the world, and about 50% of their weight is oil. This lipid oil can be used to make biodiesel. Unfortunately, there are only some of potential strains isolated from Indonesia and most of the biodiesel productions are usually using a single strain. Then, although they are rich of oils, their biomass productivity is still low. Salinity treatment can be used to increase their biomass as well as their lipid content. Therefore, the research aim was to study the effect of salinity on the growth, dry weight and lipid content of mixed microalgae isolated from Glagah, Yogyakarta. The mixed microalgae were cultured in 3NBBM medium with different salinities or types of water （sea water, brackish water, and fresh water）. The cultures were incubated at light intensity 3,000 lux under dark：light exposure of 12：12 h for 7 days. The number of cells was counted every 24 h with a Haemocytometer, and the biomass was calculated based on the dry weight. The lipid content was measured on days 0, 3, and 7 using NR （Nile Red） staining, and then the amount of lipid was analyzed using a fluorescence microscope and measured with CellProfiler 2.0 software. The highest dry weight and lipid content were found in seawater medium, they accounted for 3.42 mg/mL and 13.58% at day 7, respectively. Whereas, the highest number of cells was found in freshwater medium, this was 9.8 × 10^6 cells/mL.展开更多
Field pea(Pisum sativum L.) is an important protein-rich pulse crop produced globally. Increasing the lipid content of Pisum seeds through conventional and contemporary molecular breeding tools may bring added value t...Field pea(Pisum sativum L.) is an important protein-rich pulse crop produced globally. Increasing the lipid content of Pisum seeds through conventional and contemporary molecular breeding tools may bring added value to the crop. However, knowledge about genetic diversity and lipid content in field pea is limited. An understanding of genetic diversity and population structure in diverse germplasm is important and a prerequisite for genetic dissection of complex characteristics and marker-trait associations. Fifty polymorphic microsatellite markers detecting a total of 207 alleles were used to obtain information on genetic diversity, population structure and marker-trait associations. Cluster analysis was performed using UPGMA to construct a dendrogram from a pairwise similarity matrix. Pea genotypes were divided into five major clusters. A model-based population structure analysis divided the pea accessions into four groups. Percentage lipid content in 35 diverse pea accessions was used to find potential associations with the SSR markers. Markers AD73, D21, and AA5 were significantly associated with lipid content using a mixed linear model(MLM) taking population structure(Q) and relative kinship(K) into account. The results of this preliminary study suggested that the population could be used for marker-trait association mapping studies.展开更多
This study was conducted to examine the physicochemical characteristics and perform QTL mapping of genetic factors associated with the lipid content of rice. A rice strain with a high lipid content, “P31-2-2-2-B-B”,...This study was conducted to examine the physicochemical characteristics and perform QTL mapping of genetic factors associated with the lipid content of rice. A rice strain with a high lipid content, “P31-2-2-2-B-B”, was developed from mutants of “Dongjin” created by T-DNA insertion. The lipid content of “P31-2-2-2-B-B” brown rice was 4.42% whereas that of the donor cultivar “Dongjin” was 2.56%. The total fatty acid content of the high-lipid mutant brown rice was 7.82% and that of “Dongjin” was 3.43%. The unsaturated fatty acid composition of the mutant brown rice was 2.73% oleic acid, 2.74% linoleic acid, and 0.34% linolenic acid. In contrast, the fatty acid composition of the donor cultivar “Dongjin” was 1.30% oleic acid and 0.99% linoleic acid. The percentage of unsaturated fatty acid to total fatty acid in the high-lipid mutant was higher (74.3%) than that of “Dongjin” (66.8%). Continuous frequency distribution and transgressive segregation of the lipid content were observed in the F3 family (seeds) derived from a cross between the high-lipid mutant “P31-2-2-2-B-B” and a tongil-type cultivar “Samgang”. This result implied that the lipid content was a quantitative trait controlled by a polygene. Additionally, the broad sense heritability of lipid content was estimated to be 89.6% based on analysis of the F3 seeds. A significant QTL, qRLC5, was identified on chromosome 5 with a LOD score of 2.37, and was flanked by 5007 and 5014. Results of the present study should be useful for improving rice nutritional quality through marker-assisted selection.展开更多
[ Objective] To study the effects of astragalus powder on serum lipids and body fat contents of fast large-scale quality chickens, and thus provide a theoretical basis for its application in poultry production,[ Metho...[ Objective] To study the effects of astragalus powder on serum lipids and body fat contents of fast large-scale quality chickens, and thus provide a theoretical basis for its application in poultry production,[ Method ] All the 180 1-day-old healthy Liangfeng chickens were randomly divided into six groups. Group 1 was the control group, fed with basal diet; group 2, group 3 and group 4 were fed with basal diet added with 0.75%, 1.0% and 1.25% astragalus powder, respectively; group 5 and group 6 were separately fed with basal diet added with 1.0% and 1.25% astragalus pow- der, but the astragalus powder was used for 10 d and then was forbidden for 10 d in turn during the whole experiment. The content of triglyceride （TG）, total cholesterol （TCHO）, high-density lipoprotein-Cholesterol （ HDL-C）, and low-density lipoprotein-Cholesterol （LDL-C） were respectively determined when the chickens were 35-day-old and 63-day-old, while the percentage of abdominal fat （PAF） as well as intramuscular fat （IMF） and subcutaneous fat ply （SFP） was measured when the chickens were 63-day-old. [ Result] In 35-day-old chickens, the levels of TCHO were sig- nificantly or very significantly lower in group 3, group 4, and group 6 than in control group （ P 〈0.05 or 0.01 ） ; the levels of LDL-C significantly lower in group 3 and group 6 （ P〈0. 05） ; the level of HDL-C significantly higher in group 5 （P〈0.05）. In 63-day-old chickens, the levels of TCHO and LDL-C were significantly or very significantly lower in group 3, group 4, and group 5 than in control group （ P 〈 0.05 or 0.01 ） while the levels of HDL-C were significantly higher in these groups; the PAF was significantly lower in group 3 （ P 〈 0.05）. [ Condasion] Astragalus powder should re- duce the levels of TG, TCHO and LDL-C, promote HDL-C content, and also play a certain regulative role in deposition of abdominal fat.展开更多
[Objective] This study was to realize high-density culture of Chlorella sp. as well as the culture with high lipid yield. [Method] Through analyzing the growth curve of Chlorella sp. cells, dextrose consumption curve,...[Objective] This study was to realize high-density culture of Chlorella sp. as well as the culture with high lipid yield. [Method] Through analyzing the growth curve of Chlorella sp. cells, dextrose consumption curve, change curves of pH and dissolved oxygen, a fed-batch culture was conducted, followed by a nitrogen-deficient culture aiming at accumulating the lipids in Chlorella sp. cells when a high density of Chlorella sp. cells was obtained. [Result] After four batches of feeding were pro- vided, the biomass of Chlorella sp. reached up to 65.25 g/L, and the lipid content increased from 42.75% to 63.82% in Chlorella sp. cells, with the yield of 43.37 g/L in the following 12 hours of nitrogen-deficient culture. [Conclusion] Reasonable fed- batch can significantly improve the biomass of Chlorella sp., and the nitrogen-defi- cient culture further raises the lipid yield of Chlorella sp.展开更多
Fatty acid composition and total lipid content of 8 strains of marine diatoms ( Nitzschia frustrula, Nitzschia closterium, Nitzschia incerta, Navicula pelliculosa,Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Synedra fragilaroides ) wer...Fatty acid composition and total lipid content of 8 strains of marine diatoms ( Nitzschia frustrula, Nitzschia closterium, Nitzschia incerta, Navicula pelliculosa,Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Synedra fragilaroides ) were examined. The microalgae were grown under defined conditions and harvested at the late exponential phase. The major fatty acids in most strains were 14:0 (1.0%-6.3%), 16:0 (13.5%-26.4%), 16:1n-7 (21.1%-46.3%) and 20:5n-3 (6.5%-19.5%). The polyunsaturated fatty acids 16:2n-4, 16:3n-4, 16:4n-1 and 20:4n-6 also comprised a significant proportion of the total fatty acids in some strains. The characteristic fatty acid composition of diatoms is readily distinguishable from those of other microalgal groups. Significant concentration of the polyunsaturated fatty acid 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid) was present in each strain, with the highest proportion in B222 (19.5%).展开更多
In the present study, the effects of season on fatty acid composition, total lipids, and ω3/ω6 ratios of northern pike muscle lipids in Klzlhrmak River （Klrlkkale, Turkey） were investigated. A total of 35 differen...In the present study, the effects of season on fatty acid composition, total lipids, and ω3/ω6 ratios of northern pike muscle lipids in Klzlhrmak River （Klrlkkale, Turkey） were investigated. A total of 35 different fatty acids were determined in gas chromatography. Among these, palmitic, oleic, and palmitoleic acids had the highest proportion. The main polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFAs） were found to be docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and arachidonic acid. There were more PUFAs than monounsaturated fatty acids （MUFA） in all seasons. Similarly, the percentages of ω3 fatty acids were higher than those of total ω6 fatty acids in the fatty acid composition. ω3/ω6 ratios were calculated as 1.53, 1.32, 1.97, and 1.71 in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. Overall, we found that the fatty acid composition and ω3/ω6 fatty acid ratio in the muscle of northern pike were significantly influenced by season.展开更多
Lipid content has an important effect on rice eating quality,but the effects of fertilizer application rate on the lipid synthesis and eating quality of rice are not well understood.Potassium(K)has a strong influence ...Lipid content has an important effect on rice eating quality,but the effects of fertilizer application rate on the lipid synthesis and eating quality of rice are not well understood.Potassium(K)has a strong influence on rice quality and the requirement for K fertilizer in rice is greater than for nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)fertilizers.To investigate the effects of K fertilizer on the lipid synthesis and eating quality of rice,we used Nanjing 9108(NJ9108,japonica)and IR72(indica)rice as experimental materials and four K levels:K0(0 kg ha^(-1)),K1(90 kg ha^(-1)),K2(135 kg ha^(-1))and K3(180 kg ha^(-1)).The results showed that the lipid content,free fatty acid(FFA)content,unsaturated fatty acid(UFA)content,malonyl-CoA(MCA)content,phosphatidic acid(PA)content,lipid synthesis-related enzyme activities and eating quality first increased and then decreased with increasing K in both cultivars.The maximum values were obtained under K2.However,the saturated fatty acid(SFA)content showed the opposite trend.No significant differences were found in pyruvate(PYR)content among the K treatments.The protein and oxaloacetic acid(OAA)contents and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase(PEPCase)activity of NJ9108 first decreased and then increased with increasing K,and the minimum values were obtained under K2;while IR72 showed the opposite trend and the maximum values were obtained under K1.Overall,increasing K optimized the fatty acid components and increased the lipid content and eating quality of rice by enhancing lipid synthesis-related enzyme activities and regulating substrate competition for lipid and protein synthesis.The optimal K application rate for lipid synthesis,eating quality and grain yield was 135 kg ha^(-1)for both cultivars.展开更多
Mesopelagic fish,the most important daily vertically migrating community in the oceans,are characterized by high lipid content which may obscure the interpretation of stable isotopes analysis.Demersal fish,which are i...Mesopelagic fish,the most important daily vertically migrating community in the oceans,are characterized by high lipid content which may obscure the interpretation of stable isotopes analysis.Demersal fish,which are important consumers in the food web dominated by mesopelagic fish,also have a high lipid content.Here we collected 127 fish samples from the South China Sea and evaluated the effect of lipid contents on△δ^(13)C of mesopelagic and demersal fish.In lipid-extracted mesopelagic fish,the C/N content ratio(<5.5)shows a clear correlation withΔδ^(13)C(the offset of bulk and lipid-extractedδ^(13)C values),especially in non-migratory and semi-migratory species;these values were less correlation in demersal fish.Based on our results,we suggest that mesopelagic and demersal fish in different regions of the South China Sea should be studied separately using appropriate correction models and less fit for the traditional model.Moreover,the C/N content ratio should be used cautiously for establishing the lipid normalization model,especially for the fish in migratory mesopelagic fish and demersal fish.Our results also reveal that mesopelagic fish across nearby regions could be analyzed together.The new models described here can be applied in future studies of mesopelagic and demersal fish in the South China Sea.展开更多
Alternate wetting and drying irrigation(AWD)significantly influences the cooking and eating quality of rice(Oryza sativa L.).However,the mechanisms by which AWD affects rice cooking and eating quality remain unclear.L...Alternate wetting and drying irrigation(AWD)significantly influences the cooking and eating quality of rice(Oryza sativa L.).However,the mechanisms by which AWD affects rice cooking and eating quality remain unclear.Lipid and free fatty acid contents in grains correlate positively with cooking and eating quality of rice.This study examined Yangdao 6(YD6,a conventional taste indica inbred)and Nanjing 9108(NJ9108,a superior taste japonica inbred)cultivated under conventional irrigation(CI),alternate wetting and moderate drying irrigation(AWMD),and alternate wetting and severe drying irrigation(AWSD)from 10 days after transplanting to maturity.The research investigated the relationship between lipid and free fatty acid biosynthesis in grains and the cooking and eating quality of rice.Compared to CI treatment,AWMD significantly enhanced the contents of lipid,total free fatty acids(TFFAs),free unsaturated fatty acids(FUFAs),linoleic acid,and oleic acid in milled rice by increasing activities of enzymes associated with lipid synthesis,while AWSD produced opposite effects.Correlation analysis revealed that elevated levels of lipid,TFFAs,FUFAs,linoleic acid,and oleic acid contribute to improved rice cooking and eating quality.The findings demonstrate that AWMD enhances cooking and eating quality of milled rice through optimization of lipid and fatty acid synthesis in rice grains.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30100140)the Higher Institutions Doctor research Foundation Projects of China (No.2000042303)the Natural Science Foundation Projects of Province Shandong (No.Y98D15063)
文摘The effects of different dietary lipid content on the growth and lipase activity ofEriocheir sinensis larvae were studied in the paper. The results showed that the survival, metamorphic rate and weight gain of E. sinensis larvae at different stages of growth all varied significantly with lipid content （P〈0.05）. Further, the survival and metamorphosis rates were the highest during the larval phases Z3 to Z4, and the weight gain was the highest during the larval phases Z5 to M. During the first 20h after metamorphosis of every larval stage, the lipase activity increased over time at Z1, Z2, Z3 and M and declined at Z4 and Zs, and was influenced significantly by lipid content （P〈0.05）. In addition, lipase activity at each larval stage began to respond to dietary lipid contents 4h after the larvae were fed, and tended to be stable after 12 h. The diets with higher lipase activity and lower lipid content were selected to give the suitable recipe of lipid requirements at each larval stage. It was concluded that the suitable lipid requirements at Zb Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5 and M were 6%, 4% 6%, 8%, 8% and 10%, respectively.
基金supported by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq)the Minas Gerais State Research Foundation(FAPEMIG)+1 种基金Embrapa(Project 01.07.01.002)received a grant from FAPEMIG
文摘Background：Due to high neutral lipids accumulation in the cytoplasm,in vitro-produced embryos from Bos primigenius indicus and their crosses are more sensitive to chilling and cryopreservation than those from Bos primigenius taurus.The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid（CLA） on the development and cryotolerance of crossbred Bos primigenius taurus x Bos primigenius indicus embryos produced in vitro,and cultured in the presence of fetal calf serum.Bovine zygotes（n = 1,692）were randomly assigned to one of the following treatment groups：1） Control,zygotes cultured in Charles Rosenkrans 2 amino acid（CR2aa） medium（n = 815） or 2） CLA,zygotes cultured in CR2 aa medium supplemented with 100 μmol/L of trans-10,cis-12 CLA（n =877）.Embryo development（cleavage and blastocyst rates evaluated at days 3 and 8 of culture,respectively）,lipid content at morula stage（day 5） and blastocyst cryotolerance（re-expansion and hatching rates,evaluated 24 and 72 h post-thawing,respectively） were compared between groups.Additionally,selected mRNA transcripts were measured by Real-Time PCR in blastocyst stage.Results：The CLA treatment had no effect on cleavage and blastocyst rates,or on mRNA levels for genes related to cellular stress and apoptosis.On the other hand,abundance of mRNA for the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate0-acyltransferase-encoding gene（AGPAT）,which is involved in triglycerides synthesis,and consequently neutral lipid content,were reduced by CLA treatment.A significant increase was observed in the re-expansion rate of embryos cultured with trans-10,cis-12 CLA when compared to control（56.3 vs.34.4%,respectively,P = 0.002）.However,this difference was not observed in the hatching rate（16.5 vs.14.0%,respectively,P=0.62）.Conclusions：The supplementation with trans-10,ds-12 CLA isomer in culture medium reduced the lipid content of in vitro produced bovine embryos by reducing the gene expression of 1-acylglycerol 3-phosphate 0-acyltransferase（AGPAT） enzyme.However,a possible improvement in embryo cryotolerance in response to CLA,as suggested by increased blastocyst re-expansion rate,was not confirmed by hatching rates.
文摘Microalgae use photosynthesis to convert solar energy into chemical energy, such as lipid and they can be a replacement for oil-based fuels. They are among the fastest growing plants in the world, and about 50% of their weight is oil. This lipid oil can be used to make biodiesel. Unfortunately, there are only some of potential strains isolated from Indonesia and most of the biodiesel productions are usually using a single strain. Then, although they are rich of oils, their biomass productivity is still low. Salinity treatment can be used to increase their biomass as well as their lipid content. Therefore, the research aim was to study the effect of salinity on the growth, dry weight and lipid content of mixed microalgae isolated from Glagah, Yogyakarta. The mixed microalgae were cultured in 3NBBM medium with different salinities or types of water （sea water, brackish water, and fresh water）. The cultures were incubated at light intensity 3,000 lux under dark：light exposure of 12：12 h for 7 days. The number of cells was counted every 24 h with a Haemocytometer, and the biomass was calculated based on the dry weight. The lipid content was measured on days 0, 3, and 7 using NR （Nile Red） staining, and then the amount of lipid was analyzed using a fluorescence microscope and measured with CellProfiler 2.0 software. The highest dry weight and lipid content were found in seawater medium, they accounted for 3.42 mg/mL and 13.58% at day 7, respectively. Whereas, the highest number of cells was found in freshwater medium, this was 9.8 × 10^6 cells/mL.
基金supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Collaborative Research and Development and Lefsrud Seeds (CRDRJ385395-09)
文摘Field pea(Pisum sativum L.) is an important protein-rich pulse crop produced globally. Increasing the lipid content of Pisum seeds through conventional and contemporary molecular breeding tools may bring added value to the crop. However, knowledge about genetic diversity and lipid content in field pea is limited. An understanding of genetic diversity and population structure in diverse germplasm is important and a prerequisite for genetic dissection of complex characteristics and marker-trait associations. Fifty polymorphic microsatellite markers detecting a total of 207 alleles were used to obtain information on genetic diversity, population structure and marker-trait associations. Cluster analysis was performed using UPGMA to construct a dendrogram from a pairwise similarity matrix. Pea genotypes were divided into five major clusters. A model-based population structure analysis divided the pea accessions into four groups. Percentage lipid content in 35 diverse pea accessions was used to find potential associations with the SSR markers. Markers AD73, D21, and AA5 were significantly associated with lipid content using a mixed linear model(MLM) taking population structure(Q) and relative kinship(K) into account. The results of this preliminary study suggested that the population could be used for marker-trait association mapping studies.
文摘This study was conducted to examine the physicochemical characteristics and perform QTL mapping of genetic factors associated with the lipid content of rice. A rice strain with a high lipid content, “P31-2-2-2-B-B”, was developed from mutants of “Dongjin” created by T-DNA insertion. The lipid content of “P31-2-2-2-B-B” brown rice was 4.42% whereas that of the donor cultivar “Dongjin” was 2.56%. The total fatty acid content of the high-lipid mutant brown rice was 7.82% and that of “Dongjin” was 3.43%. The unsaturated fatty acid composition of the mutant brown rice was 2.73% oleic acid, 2.74% linoleic acid, and 0.34% linolenic acid. In contrast, the fatty acid composition of the donor cultivar “Dongjin” was 1.30% oleic acid and 0.99% linoleic acid. The percentage of unsaturated fatty acid to total fatty acid in the high-lipid mutant was higher (74.3%) than that of “Dongjin” (66.8%). Continuous frequency distribution and transgressive segregation of the lipid content were observed in the F3 family (seeds) derived from a cross between the high-lipid mutant “P31-2-2-2-B-B” and a tongil-type cultivar “Samgang”. This result implied that the lipid content was a quantitative trait controlled by a polygene. Additionally, the broad sense heritability of lipid content was estimated to be 89.6% based on analysis of the F3 seeds. A significant QTL, qRLC5, was identified on chromosome 5 with a LOD score of 2.37, and was flanked by 5007 and 5014. Results of the present study should be useful for improving rice nutritional quality through marker-assisted selection.
文摘[ Objective] To study the effects of astragalus powder on serum lipids and body fat contents of fast large-scale quality chickens, and thus provide a theoretical basis for its application in poultry production,[ Method ] All the 180 1-day-old healthy Liangfeng chickens were randomly divided into six groups. Group 1 was the control group, fed with basal diet; group 2, group 3 and group 4 were fed with basal diet added with 0.75%, 1.0% and 1.25% astragalus powder, respectively; group 5 and group 6 were separately fed with basal diet added with 1.0% and 1.25% astragalus pow- der, but the astragalus powder was used for 10 d and then was forbidden for 10 d in turn during the whole experiment. The content of triglyceride （TG）, total cholesterol （TCHO）, high-density lipoprotein-Cholesterol （ HDL-C）, and low-density lipoprotein-Cholesterol （LDL-C） were respectively determined when the chickens were 35-day-old and 63-day-old, while the percentage of abdominal fat （PAF） as well as intramuscular fat （IMF） and subcutaneous fat ply （SFP） was measured when the chickens were 63-day-old. [ Result] In 35-day-old chickens, the levels of TCHO were sig- nificantly or very significantly lower in group 3, group 4, and group 6 than in control group （ P 〈0.05 or 0.01 ） ; the levels of LDL-C significantly lower in group 3 and group 6 （ P〈0. 05） ; the level of HDL-C significantly higher in group 5 （P〈0.05）. In 63-day-old chickens, the levels of TCHO and LDL-C were significantly or very significantly lower in group 3, group 4, and group 5 than in control group （ P 〈 0.05 or 0.01 ） while the levels of HDL-C were significantly higher in these groups; the PAF was significantly lower in group 3 （ P 〈 0.05）. [ Condasion] Astragalus powder should re- duce the levels of TG, TCHO and LDL-C, promote HDL-C content, and also play a certain regulative role in deposition of abdominal fat.
文摘[Objective] This study was to realize high-density culture of Chlorella sp. as well as the culture with high lipid yield. [Method] Through analyzing the growth curve of Chlorella sp. cells, dextrose consumption curve, change curves of pH and dissolved oxygen, a fed-batch culture was conducted, followed by a nitrogen-deficient culture aiming at accumulating the lipids in Chlorella sp. cells when a high density of Chlorella sp. cells was obtained. [Result] After four batches of feeding were pro- vided, the biomass of Chlorella sp. reached up to 65.25 g/L, and the lipid content increased from 42.75% to 63.82% in Chlorella sp. cells, with the yield of 43.37 g/L in the following 12 hours of nitrogen-deficient culture. [Conclusion] Reasonable fed- batch can significantly improve the biomass of Chlorella sp., and the nitrogen-defi- cient culture further raises the lipid yield of Chlorella sp.
基金Project supported by the Hi-Tech“863”Programs of the China Ministry of Science and Technology(863-819-02-01).
文摘Fatty acid composition and total lipid content of 8 strains of marine diatoms ( Nitzschia frustrula, Nitzschia closterium, Nitzschia incerta, Navicula pelliculosa,Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Synedra fragilaroides ) were examined. The microalgae were grown under defined conditions and harvested at the late exponential phase. The major fatty acids in most strains were 14:0 (1.0%-6.3%), 16:0 (13.5%-26.4%), 16:1n-7 (21.1%-46.3%) and 20:5n-3 (6.5%-19.5%). The polyunsaturated fatty acids 16:2n-4, 16:3n-4, 16:4n-1 and 20:4n-6 also comprised a significant proportion of the total fatty acids in some strains. The characteristic fatty acid composition of diatoms is readily distinguishable from those of other microalgal groups. Significant concentration of the polyunsaturated fatty acid 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid) was present in each strain, with the highest proportion in B222 (19.5%).
文摘In the present study, the effects of season on fatty acid composition, total lipids, and ω3/ω6 ratios of northern pike muscle lipids in Klzlhrmak River （Klrlkkale, Turkey） were investigated. A total of 35 different fatty acids were determined in gas chromatography. Among these, palmitic, oleic, and palmitoleic acids had the highest proportion. The main polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFAs） were found to be docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and arachidonic acid. There were more PUFAs than monounsaturated fatty acids （MUFA） in all seasons. Similarly, the percentages of ω3 fatty acids were higher than those of total ω6 fatty acids in the fatty acid composition. ω3/ω6 ratios were calculated as 1.53, 1.32, 1.97, and 1.71 in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. Overall, we found that the fatty acid composition and ω3/ω6 fatty acid ratio in the muscle of northern pike were significantly influenced by season.
基金supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,China(2020YFH0146 and 2022YFH0029).
文摘Lipid content has an important effect on rice eating quality,but the effects of fertilizer application rate on the lipid synthesis and eating quality of rice are not well understood.Potassium(K)has a strong influence on rice quality and the requirement for K fertilizer in rice is greater than for nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)fertilizers.To investigate the effects of K fertilizer on the lipid synthesis and eating quality of rice,we used Nanjing 9108(NJ9108,japonica)and IR72(indica)rice as experimental materials and four K levels:K0(0 kg ha^(-1)),K1(90 kg ha^(-1)),K2(135 kg ha^(-1))and K3(180 kg ha^(-1)).The results showed that the lipid content,free fatty acid(FFA)content,unsaturated fatty acid(UFA)content,malonyl-CoA(MCA)content,phosphatidic acid(PA)content,lipid synthesis-related enzyme activities and eating quality first increased and then decreased with increasing K in both cultivars.The maximum values were obtained under K2.However,the saturated fatty acid(SFA)content showed the opposite trend.No significant differences were found in pyruvate(PYR)content among the K treatments.The protein and oxaloacetic acid(OAA)contents and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase(PEPCase)activity of NJ9108 first decreased and then increased with increasing K,and the minimum values were obtained under K2;while IR72 showed the opposite trend and the maximum values were obtained under K1.Overall,increasing K optimized the fatty acid components and increased the lipid content and eating quality of rice by enhancing lipid synthesis-related enzyme activities and regulating substrate competition for lipid and protein synthesis.The optimal K application rate for lipid synthesis,eating quality and grain yield was 135 kg ha^(-1)for both cultivars.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42090043 and 41876074the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China under contract No.2014CB441502.
文摘Mesopelagic fish,the most important daily vertically migrating community in the oceans,are characterized by high lipid content which may obscure the interpretation of stable isotopes analysis.Demersal fish,which are important consumers in the food web dominated by mesopelagic fish,also have a high lipid content.Here we collected 127 fish samples from the South China Sea and evaluated the effect of lipid contents on△δ^(13)C of mesopelagic and demersal fish.In lipid-extracted mesopelagic fish,the C/N content ratio(<5.5)shows a clear correlation withΔδ^(13)C(the offset of bulk and lipid-extractedδ^(13)C values),especially in non-migratory and semi-migratory species;these values were less correlation in demersal fish.Based on our results,we suggest that mesopelagic and demersal fish in different regions of the South China Sea should be studied separately using appropriate correction models and less fit for the traditional model.Moreover,the C/N content ratio should be used cautiously for establishing the lipid normalization model,especially for the fish in migratory mesopelagic fish and demersal fish.Our results also reveal that mesopelagic fish across nearby regions could be analyzed together.The new models described here can be applied in future studies of mesopelagic and demersal fish in the South China Sea.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20241931 and BK 20221371)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071943,32372214,and 31901444)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2300304)。
文摘Alternate wetting and drying irrigation(AWD)significantly influences the cooking and eating quality of rice(Oryza sativa L.).However,the mechanisms by which AWD affects rice cooking and eating quality remain unclear.Lipid and free fatty acid contents in grains correlate positively with cooking and eating quality of rice.This study examined Yangdao 6(YD6,a conventional taste indica inbred)and Nanjing 9108(NJ9108,a superior taste japonica inbred)cultivated under conventional irrigation(CI),alternate wetting and moderate drying irrigation(AWMD),and alternate wetting and severe drying irrigation(AWSD)from 10 days after transplanting to maturity.The research investigated the relationship between lipid and free fatty acid biosynthesis in grains and the cooking and eating quality of rice.Compared to CI treatment,AWMD significantly enhanced the contents of lipid,total free fatty acids(TFFAs),free unsaturated fatty acids(FUFAs),linoleic acid,and oleic acid in milled rice by increasing activities of enzymes associated with lipid synthesis,while AWSD produced opposite effects.Correlation analysis revealed that elevated levels of lipid,TFFAs,FUFAs,linoleic acid,and oleic acid contribute to improved rice cooking and eating quality.The findings demonstrate that AWMD enhances cooking and eating quality of milled rice through optimization of lipid and fatty acid synthesis in rice grains.
