Nervonic acid plays an important role in nutrition and function of the human body.Malania oleifera,Acer truncatum and Xanthoceras sorbifolium are China’s unique woody plant rich in nervonic acid in seed oil.This stud...Nervonic acid plays an important role in nutrition and function of the human body.Malania oleifera,Acer truncatum and Xanthoceras sorbifolium are China’s unique woody plant rich in nervonic acid in seed oil.This study aims to investigate the lipid composition of these 3 special resources.Their fatty acids were detected by gas chromatography coupled with flame detector(GC-FID).Triglycerides(TAGs)and phospholipids(PLs)were detected by shotgun-mass spectrometry(shotgun-MS).Results showed that M.oleifera oil presented the highest level of nervonic acid(46.20±0.22%)among the 3 oils.Seeds oil of A.truncatum and X.sorbifolium had 3.53±0.20%and 1.83±0.21%nervonic acid respectively.53 species of TAGs and 15 species of PLs were identified in M.oleifera oil,with PLs content of 499.94±22.34μg/g.In A.truncatum oil,PL and TAG species were twice more than those in M.oleifera oil,and its’content of PLs was 76.27±3.21μg/g.In X.sorbifolium oil,75 TAGs and 34 PLs were detected,with the lowest PLs at 23.84±0.17μg/g.The results demonstrated that these 3 vegetable oils have great potential to become nervonic acid supplements for human health.展开更多
Marine microalga Isochrysis galbana is an important feed species with a high nutritional value.Different from other uni-cellular algae,its cell contains two chloroplasts which are the major sites for lipid synthesis.H...Marine microalga Isochrysis galbana is an important feed species with a high nutritional value.Different from other uni-cellular algae,its cell contains two chloroplasts which are the major sites for lipid synthesis.Here,we optimized a chloroplast isola-tion approach suitable for the isolation of I.galbana chloroplasts and determined the purity and integrity of the isolated chloroplasts through microscopic observations and enzyme activity assay.The chloroplast lipids were analyzed with a ultrahigh-performance li-quid chromatography-Q Exactive Orbitrap-mass spectrometry.This newly developed isolation approach is simple and reliable to isolate chloroplasts with high integrity and purity.The average yield of intact chloroplasts was 15.3%±0.1%.Glycolipids and acyl-glycerols were the main chloroplast lipids.Glycolipids accounted for 56.6%of chloroplast lipid.Digalactosyldiacylglycerol(DGDG),monogalactosyldiacylglycerol(MGDG)and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol(SQDG)were the main glyceroglycolipids.The fatty acyl R1/R2 were mostly 18:4/16:1,18:3/16:1 and 18:4/18:5 in DGDGs,14:0/18:4,18:4/18:5,18:4/18:4 and 18:3/18:4 in MGDGs and 16:0/14:0,16:0/18:3,and 18:4/18:3 in SQDGs.In addition,diacylglycerol(DAG)was the most abundant acylglycerols;the content of 22:6/18:4-DAG was the highest.There was a little amount of glycosphingolipid(GSL)in chloroplast.Digalactosylmonoglyceride(DGMG),monogalactosylmonoglyceride(MGMG),sulfoquinovosylmonoacylglycerol(SQMG),monoglyceride(MAG),phospholi-pids(PLs),ceramide(Cer)and betaine lipids were nearly undetectable in chloroplast.The fatty acid proportions of DGDGs,MGDGs,SQDGs,DAGs,triglycerides(TAGs)and GSLs were either higher or lower than or similar to those of whole-cell.Collectively,our isolation approach is applicable to many aspects of chloroplast biology,and may offer a reference for the isolation of chloroplasts from other marine microalgae.展开更多
As the crossroads of prehistoric cultures,the Beijing region is an important area for studying the exchange of prehistoric culture and the spread of millet agriculture.Although millet remains have been found in the Do...As the crossroads of prehistoric cultures,the Beijing region is an important area for studying the exchange of prehistoric culture and the spread of millet agriculture.Although millet remains have been found in the Donghulin site during the Early Neolithic Age,there is little millet remains during the Middle and Late Neolithic Age,so there is a gap of approximately2,000 years since the time of the Donghulin site.The Shangzhai site is located in the Pinggu Basin in eastern Beijing,and it has a large time span with sequential strata;however,there are few large animals and plant remains found at this site,thus the subsistence strategy of ancient people remains unclear.In this study,the absorbed lipids of pottery sherds unearthed in the Neolithic cultural layer of the Shangzhai site were extracted and analysed.The results show that these potteries were used to process millet,the meat of terrestrial non-ruminants and wild ruminants,and dairy of wild ruminants,providing new insights for the subsistence strategy and the development of millet agriculture in the Middle and Late Neolithic Age of Beijing.In addition,the food processing in pottery may be an internal heating method,such as stone boiling.展开更多
During the past two decades interest in linking soil microbial community composition and activity with ecosystem scale field studies of nutrient cycling or plant community response to disturbances has grown.Despite it...During the past two decades interest in linking soil microbial community composition and activity with ecosystem scale field studies of nutrient cycling or plant community response to disturbances has grown.Despite its importance there are challenges in making this linkage.Foremost is the question of analytical feasibility.In general,microbiological community-level methodologies have not been readily adaptable to the large sample sizes necessary for ecosystem-scale research.As a result,it has been difficult to generate compatible microbial and ecosystem data sets.Soil lipid analysis shows potential as a middle ground between simple biomass measures and molecular profiling.However,the two protocols that have most often been followed are either rapid but indiscriminate(total lipid analysis or fatty acid methyl ester analysis;FAME),or precise but time consuming(phospholipid fatty acid analysis;PLFA).In this paper we report results from a standardized soil used test a modified extraction method(the‘hybrid’method)developed to balance the speed of FAME and the precision of PLFA in order to increase sample throughput.In comparing the three methods,we find that FAME and PLFA are qualitatively and quantitatively distinct.The FAME method yielded the highest fatty acid abundance,but also had high variance resulting in low precision.The PLFA method had precision,but low yield.The‘hybrid’method fell midway between FAME and PLFA for quantitative fatty acid yield.In addition,the hybrid extraction can be completed in a fraction of the time it takes for PLFA.The hybrid protocol appears to provide an optimal balance between effort and accuracy and therefore is a good choice for large-scale ecosystem studies.展开更多
BackgroundThe relationship between lipids and coronary artery disease has been well established. However, this is not the case between lipids and heart failure. Ironically, high lipid levels are associated with better...BackgroundThe relationship between lipids and coronary artery disease has been well established. However, this is not the case between lipids and heart failure. Ironically, high lipid levels are associated with better outcomes in heart failure, but the mechan-isms underlying the phenomenon are not fully understood. This study was performed to test the hypothesis that reduced intestinal lipid absorption due to venous congestion may lead to low lipid levels.MethodsWe collected data of clinical characteristics, echocardio-graph, and lipid profile in 442 unselected patients with congestive heart failure. Correlations between lipid levels[including total cho-lesterol（TCL）, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）, and triglycerides（TG）]and right ventricle end diastolic diameter （RVEDD）, left ventricle end diastolic diameter （LVEDD）, right atrium diameter （RA）, left atrium diameter （LA）, or left ventricle ejection fraction （LVEF） were analyzed using Pearson correlation and partial correlation. RVEDD, LVEDD, RA, and LA were indexed to the body surface area.ResultsThere was a significantly inverse correlation between TCL le-vels and RVEDD （r=-0.34,P〈0.001） and RA （r=-0.36,P〈0.001）. Other lipids such as LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG had asimilar inverse correlation with RVEDD and RA. All these correlations remained unchanged after adjusting for age, gender, smoking status, physical activity levels, comorbidities, and medication use.ConclusionsLipid levels were inversely correlated to RVEDD in patients with congestive heart failure; however, because this was an observational study, further investigation is needed to verify our results as wellas identify a causal relationship, if any.展开更多
To attain maximum recovery of useful compounds from slaughterhouse waste (Suet, Tongue, Pancreas) of selected ruminant (cow, goat, lamb, and bull), the fat extraction efficiency of popular methods was compared along w...To attain maximum recovery of useful compounds from slaughterhouse waste (Suet, Tongue, Pancreas) of selected ruminant (cow, goat, lamb, and bull), the fat extraction efficiency of popular methods was compared along with fatty acid (FAs) composition. Four selected methods including Soxhlet (SOX), acid hydrolysis, Bligh & dyer (B&D), and Folch (FOL) were assessed. After methylation, extracted lipids were analyzed by Gas chromatography for FA composition. Data indicated that all selected methods were significantly (p < 0.05) different from each other, particularly higher differences were noticed for low lipid-containing products (Tongue, Pancreas) as well as their respective FA Composition. Based on Analysis of Variance and Principal component analysis, the effective method for lipid and FA Composition analysis was the FOL method. The Soxhlet method was only effective for samples with high-fat content i.e., suet, while the B&D method gave comparatively low lipid content in analyzed samples. Hence based on the results, excellent fat and fatty acid extraction was achieved with the FOL method.展开更多
基金This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31571926)We also gratefully thank for the support of Hubei International Cooperation Project(Grant No.2018AHB014)+2 种基金Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2013-OCRI)Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(No.1630062017034)Collaborative Innovation Task of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-XTCX2016005).
文摘Nervonic acid plays an important role in nutrition and function of the human body.Malania oleifera,Acer truncatum and Xanthoceras sorbifolium are China’s unique woody plant rich in nervonic acid in seed oil.This study aims to investigate the lipid composition of these 3 special resources.Their fatty acids were detected by gas chromatography coupled with flame detector(GC-FID).Triglycerides(TAGs)and phospholipids(PLs)were detected by shotgun-mass spectrometry(shotgun-MS).Results showed that M.oleifera oil presented the highest level of nervonic acid(46.20±0.22%)among the 3 oils.Seeds oil of A.truncatum and X.sorbifolium had 3.53±0.20%and 1.83±0.21%nervonic acid respectively.53 species of TAGs and 15 species of PLs were identified in M.oleifera oil,with PLs content of 499.94±22.34μg/g.In A.truncatum oil,PL and TAG species were twice more than those in M.oleifera oil,and its’content of PLs was 76.27±3.21μg/g.In X.sorbifolium oil,75 TAGs and 34 PLs were detected,with the lowest PLs at 23.84±0.17μg/g.The results demonstrated that these 3 vegetable oils have great potential to become nervonic acid supplements for human health.
基金supported by the Ningbo Science and Technology Research Projects(No.2019B10006)the Na-tional Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFD0900400)+3 种基金the Zhejiang Major Science Pro-ject(No.2019C02057)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA,the Natural Science Founda-tion of Ningbo(No.2019A610416)the Ningbo Science and Technology Research Projects(No.2019C10023)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31801724).
文摘Marine microalga Isochrysis galbana is an important feed species with a high nutritional value.Different from other uni-cellular algae,its cell contains two chloroplasts which are the major sites for lipid synthesis.Here,we optimized a chloroplast isola-tion approach suitable for the isolation of I.galbana chloroplasts and determined the purity and integrity of the isolated chloroplasts through microscopic observations and enzyme activity assay.The chloroplast lipids were analyzed with a ultrahigh-performance li-quid chromatography-Q Exactive Orbitrap-mass spectrometry.This newly developed isolation approach is simple and reliable to isolate chloroplasts with high integrity and purity.The average yield of intact chloroplasts was 15.3%±0.1%.Glycolipids and acyl-glycerols were the main chloroplast lipids.Glycolipids accounted for 56.6%of chloroplast lipid.Digalactosyldiacylglycerol(DGDG),monogalactosyldiacylglycerol(MGDG)and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol(SQDG)were the main glyceroglycolipids.The fatty acyl R1/R2 were mostly 18:4/16:1,18:3/16:1 and 18:4/18:5 in DGDGs,14:0/18:4,18:4/18:5,18:4/18:4 and 18:3/18:4 in MGDGs and 16:0/14:0,16:0/18:3,and 18:4/18:3 in SQDGs.In addition,diacylglycerol(DAG)was the most abundant acylglycerols;the content of 22:6/18:4-DAG was the highest.There was a little amount of glycosphingolipid(GSL)in chloroplast.Digalactosylmonoglyceride(DGMG),monogalactosylmonoglyceride(MGMG),sulfoquinovosylmonoacylglycerol(SQMG),monoglyceride(MAG),phospholi-pids(PLs),ceramide(Cer)and betaine lipids were nearly undetectable in chloroplast.The fatty acid proportions of DGDGs,MGDGs,SQDGs,DAGs,triglycerides(TAGs)and GSLs were either higher or lower than or similar to those of whole-cell.Collectively,our isolation approach is applicable to many aspects of chloroplast biology,and may offer a reference for the isolation of chloroplasts from other marine microalgae.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42072217)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘As the crossroads of prehistoric cultures,the Beijing region is an important area for studying the exchange of prehistoric culture and the spread of millet agriculture.Although millet remains have been found in the Donghulin site during the Early Neolithic Age,there is little millet remains during the Middle and Late Neolithic Age,so there is a gap of approximately2,000 years since the time of the Donghulin site.The Shangzhai site is located in the Pinggu Basin in eastern Beijing,and it has a large time span with sequential strata;however,there are few large animals and plant remains found at this site,thus the subsistence strategy of ancient people remains unclear.In this study,the absorbed lipids of pottery sherds unearthed in the Neolithic cultural layer of the Shangzhai site were extracted and analysed.The results show that these potteries were used to process millet,the meat of terrestrial non-ruminants and wild ruminants,and dairy of wild ruminants,providing new insights for the subsistence strategy and the development of millet agriculture in the Middle and Late Neolithic Age of Beijing.In addition,the food processing in pottery may be an internal heating method,such as stone boiling.
基金supported by grants from the Kearney Foundationthe Andrew W.Mellon Foundationthe Department of Energy-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center(DOE-GLBRC)funding.
文摘During the past two decades interest in linking soil microbial community composition and activity with ecosystem scale field studies of nutrient cycling or plant community response to disturbances has grown.Despite its importance there are challenges in making this linkage.Foremost is the question of analytical feasibility.In general,microbiological community-level methodologies have not been readily adaptable to the large sample sizes necessary for ecosystem-scale research.As a result,it has been difficult to generate compatible microbial and ecosystem data sets.Soil lipid analysis shows potential as a middle ground between simple biomass measures and molecular profiling.However,the two protocols that have most often been followed are either rapid but indiscriminate(total lipid analysis or fatty acid methyl ester analysis;FAME),or precise but time consuming(phospholipid fatty acid analysis;PLFA).In this paper we report results from a standardized soil used test a modified extraction method(the‘hybrid’method)developed to balance the speed of FAME and the precision of PLFA in order to increase sample throughput.In comparing the three methods,we find that FAME and PLFA are qualitatively and quantitatively distinct.The FAME method yielded the highest fatty acid abundance,but also had high variance resulting in low precision.The PLFA method had precision,but low yield.The‘hybrid’method fell midway between FAME and PLFA for quantitative fatty acid yield.In addition,the hybrid extraction can be completed in a fraction of the time it takes for PLFA.The hybrid protocol appears to provide an optimal balance between effort and accuracy and therefore is a good choice for large-scale ecosystem studies.
文摘BackgroundThe relationship between lipids and coronary artery disease has been well established. However, this is not the case between lipids and heart failure. Ironically, high lipid levels are associated with better outcomes in heart failure, but the mechan-isms underlying the phenomenon are not fully understood. This study was performed to test the hypothesis that reduced intestinal lipid absorption due to venous congestion may lead to low lipid levels.MethodsWe collected data of clinical characteristics, echocardio-graph, and lipid profile in 442 unselected patients with congestive heart failure. Correlations between lipid levels[including total cho-lesterol（TCL）, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）, and triglycerides（TG）]and right ventricle end diastolic diameter （RVEDD）, left ventricle end diastolic diameter （LVEDD）, right atrium diameter （RA）, left atrium diameter （LA）, or left ventricle ejection fraction （LVEF） were analyzed using Pearson correlation and partial correlation. RVEDD, LVEDD, RA, and LA were indexed to the body surface area.ResultsThere was a significantly inverse correlation between TCL le-vels and RVEDD （r=-0.34,P〈0.001） and RA （r=-0.36,P〈0.001）. Other lipids such as LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG had asimilar inverse correlation with RVEDD and RA. All these correlations remained unchanged after adjusting for age, gender, smoking status, physical activity levels, comorbidities, and medication use.ConclusionsLipid levels were inversely correlated to RVEDD in patients with congestive heart failure; however, because this was an observational study, further investigation is needed to verify our results as wellas identify a causal relationship, if any.
文摘To attain maximum recovery of useful compounds from slaughterhouse waste (Suet, Tongue, Pancreas) of selected ruminant (cow, goat, lamb, and bull), the fat extraction efficiency of popular methods was compared along with fatty acid (FAs) composition. Four selected methods including Soxhlet (SOX), acid hydrolysis, Bligh & dyer (B&D), and Folch (FOL) were assessed. After methylation, extracted lipids were analyzed by Gas chromatography for FA composition. Data indicated that all selected methods were significantly (p < 0.05) different from each other, particularly higher differences were noticed for low lipid-containing products (Tongue, Pancreas) as well as their respective FA Composition. Based on Analysis of Variance and Principal component analysis, the effective method for lipid and FA Composition analysis was the FOL method. The Soxhlet method was only effective for samples with high-fat content i.e., suet, while the B&D method gave comparatively low lipid content in analyzed samples. Hence based on the results, excellent fat and fatty acid extraction was achieved with the FOL method.
