The micromammal fossils collected from the Shangzhuang Formation of the Linxia Basin,Gansu,are described here.The assemblage consists of 16 species of 13 genera belonging to 7 families,including one new species and on...The micromammal fossils collected from the Shangzhuang Formation of the Linxia Basin,Gansu,are described here.The assemblage consists of 16 species of 13 genera belonging to 7 families,including one new species and one taxon previously unknown from China.Among them 5 genera are Oligocene holdovers and 11 genera/species are known to make their first appearances in Early Miocene,indicating an Early Miocene age for the Gucheng Fauna.The absence of Oligocene survivors such as Tataromys,Yindirtemys,Eucricetodon and Tachyoryctoides,which usually occur in the Xiejian age of Early Miocene,and the presence of newcomers Protalactaga,Megacricetodon and Gobicricetodon,that made their first appearance only in the Shanwangian age of late Early Miocene,suggest that the Gucheng Fauna is of a later age of Early Miocene.The new species,Sinolagomys guchengensis,showing more derived morphology than in S.ulunguensis,seems to support an assessment of the fauna in Shanwangian age.Thus,the Gucheng Fauna may belong to late Early Miocene Shanwangian,partially equivalent to MN 3/4 of the European land mammal zonation.Ecological analysis of the fauna indicates that the palaeoecological condition of the Gucheng area might still be a predominantly arid shrub-steppe in late Early Miocene.展开更多
In the Linxia Basin on the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau, the Cenozoic strata are very thick and well exposed. Abundant mammalian fossils are discovered in the deposits from the Late Oligocene to the Early P...In the Linxia Basin on the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau, the Cenozoic strata are very thick and well exposed. Abundant mammalian fossils are discovered in the deposits from the Late Oligocene to the Early Pleistocene. The Dzungariotherium fauna comes from the sandstones of the Jiaozigou Formation, including many representative Late Oligocene taxa. The Platybelodon fauna comes from the sandstones of the Dongxiang Formation and the conglomerates of the Laogou Formation, and its fossils are typical Middle Miocene forms, such as Hemicyon, Amphicyon, Platybelodon, Choerolophodon, Anchitherium, and Hispanotherium. The Hipparion fauna comes from the red clay of the Liushu and Hewangjia Formations, and its fossils can be distinctly divided into four levels, including three Late Miocene levels and one Early Pliocene level. In the Linxia Basin, the Hipparion fauna has the richest mammalian fossils. The Equus fauna comes from the Wucheng Loess, and it is slightly older than that of the classical Early Pleistocene Nihewan Fauna. The mammalian faunas from the Linxia Basin provide the reliable evidence to divide the Cenozoic strata of this basin and correlate them with European mammalian sequence.展开更多
The Lower Pliocene of the Linxia Basin in Gansu Province is one of only a few representative sections for the Early Pliocene sedimentary records in northern China, and even in East Asia. Recently,abundant mammalian fo...The Lower Pliocene of the Linxia Basin in Gansu Province is one of only a few representative sections for the Early Pliocene sedimentary records in northern China, and even in East Asia. Recently,abundant mammalian fossils were found from the base of red clays of the Lower Pliocene Hewangjia Formation at Duikang in Guanghe County within this basin. Previously, the Pliocene mammals were sparsely found in China, and most were collected from fluvial and lacustrine deposits in the eastern Loess Plateau. Mammals from the widely distributed Pliocene Hipparion Red Clay are less in number.The known fossils from Duikang include 20 species and belong to the Shilidun Fauna. Their faunal components are similar to the Early Pliocene Gaozhuang Fauna from Ynshe, Shanxi. On the other hand, some taxa from Duikang have not been found in the Gaozhuang Fauna, are slightly more primitive in evolutionary level, and appeared mainly in the Late Miocene. As a result, the age of the Duikang fossils may be slightly earlier than that of the Gaozhuang Fauna and closer to the lower boundary of the Piiocene. The Duikang fossiliferons bed is 0.8 m above the top of the Late Miocene Linshu Formation, and the first occurrence of the three-toed horse Hipparion pater can be regarded as a biostratigraphical marker of the Miocene/Pliocene boundary. In conclusion, Duikang is an ideal candidate locality to establish as the stratotype of the lower boundary of the Chinese terrestrial Pliocene.展开更多
The Linxia Basin is characterized by an abundance of Cenozoic sediments,that contain exceptionally rich fossil resources.Equids are abundant in the Linxia Basin,the fossil record of equids in this region including 16 ...The Linxia Basin is characterized by an abundance of Cenozoic sediments,that contain exceptionally rich fossil resources.Equids are abundant in the Linxia Basin,the fossil record of equids in this region including 16 species that represent 10 genera.In comparison to other classic late Cenozoic areas in China,the Linxia Basin stands out,because the fauna and chronological data accompanying Linxia equids render them remarkably useful for biostratigraphy.The anchitheriines in the region,such as Anchitherium and Sinohippus,represent early equids that appeared in the late stages of the middle and late Miocene,respectively.Among the equines,most species of Chinese hipparions have been identified in the Linxia Basin and some species of the genera Hipparion and Hippotherium have FAD records for China.Furthermore,Equus eisenmannae is one of the earliest known species of Equus in the Old World and is well-represented at the Longdan locality.Some species with precise geohistorical distributions can serve as standards for high-resolution chronological units within this framework.Located at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and subject to considerable uplift,the Linxia Basin has served as a biogeographic transition area for equids throughout the late Cenozoic.展开更多
Linxia Basin is a late Cenozoic fault-block basin along the border between the Tibet plateau and the Loess plateau in Northwestern China. Its formation and sediments record may be directly affected by the structural d...Linxia Basin is a late Cenozoic fault-block basin along the border between the Tibet plateau and the Loess plateau in Northwestern China. Its formation and sediments record may be directly affected by the structural dynamics and the uplift of the Tibet Plateau. For this reason, we studied the mineral characteristics of the Maogou formation of Miocene sediments using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD results showed that quartz, chlorite, illite, calcite, plagioclase, orthoclase, kaolinite, and trace palygorskite are present throughout the sequence of the cross-section in Linxia basin. In contrast, gypsum and ankerite occur occasionally in the upper portion of the Miocene deposits. The content of calcite varied with layers in the profile and was relatively concentrated in mudstone. Chlorite and illite were observed transforming into palygorskite under SEM observation. Based on the mineral characteristics and the change of mineral composition, especially the clay minerals, it could be inferred that an arid environment prevailed in the region with warm and cold intervals during Miocene time.展开更多
Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture is located in the northwest Gansu Province. Linxia used to be a strategically important town on the conjunction of ancient Silk Road, Tang Dynasty-Ancient Tibet Passage and Gansu-Sichuan
Antilospira is a small to medium-sized antelope with heteronymously spiraled horn cores.It was widely distributed in northern China from the Late Pliocene to the Early Pleistocene.It is a typical fossil bovid with imp...Antilospira is a small to medium-sized antelope with heteronymously spiraled horn cores.It was widely distributed in northern China from the Late Pliocene to the Early Pleistocene.It is a typical fossil bovid with important implications for biostratigraphy and antilopin evolution in China.Antilospira robusta is a species with highly fragmentary materials and has previously only been briefly discussed.Here we report on a new frontal with horn cores from the Early Pleistocene Wucheng Loess in Nalesi Township,Dongxiang Autonomous County,Linxia Basin,Gansu Province.This new material features heteronymously spiraled horn cores,deep longitudinal grooves,a sharp anterior carena on the horn core,and a large body size,which are characteristics similar to those of A.robusta.However,the horn base of the new material is more compressed than all the previously discovered spiral-horned antelopes,so we attributed it to Antilospira cf.A.robusta.This is the first time Antilospira has been found in northwestern China,and this discovery provides more morphological data for the classification of this group.CT scans of the horn core reveal the well-remodeled horn core trabeculae in Antilospira,which is different from what is observed in Spirocerus.The frontal sinuses are moderately developed in the Linxia specimen,extending backwards to the orbit but not to the horn base.The virtual reconstruction of the endocranial cast indicated that Antilospira has bending and narrow frontal lobes,wide temporal lobes,and relatively complex sulci on the cerebral hemisphere,which differ from extant Antilopini bovids in China.展开更多
Linxia brick carving is an artistic carrier of multi-ethnic cultural intermingling,but its symbolic abstraction and diversity make digital conservation challenging.Currently,the traditional qualitative recording metho...Linxia brick carving is an artistic carrier of multi-ethnic cultural intermingling,but its symbolic abstraction and diversity make digital conservation challenging.Currently,the traditional qualitative recording methods are unable to realize dynamic analysis and innovative applications.This study builds a framework for the integration of vector representation and multimodal semantic mapping,and uses that framework to quantify the historical semantics,artistic fusion,and technological features of Linxia brick carving cultural heritage by constructing a 26-dimensional vector space.This approach allowed us to solve the semantic heterogeneity of the textual-image data through the help of structured descriptive templates.The results show that this framework can support the systematic analysis and innovation of Linxia brick carving cultural symbols with high classification accuracy and reveal the structured semantic association of patterns.This study realizes the transformation of abstract symbols to computable values through the generalized 26-dimensional vectors,and can use standardized templates to regulate their digital expressions,depending on multimodal data sets that establish the multidimensional innovation of artificial intelligence-driven protection mechanisms.The results can provide methodological support for the shift in cultural heritage from static records to living inheritance,and demonstrate potential transferability to analogous heritage contexts through dimensional remapping and template localization strategies.These advances can promote the deep integration of artificial intelligence and traditional art symbols,and thus support research on the protection strategies for traditional cultural heritage in the era of digitalization.展开更多
Two events of Tibet uplifting are revealed by detrital apatite fission track (AFT) age data from Linxia Basin. They occurred at about 14 and 5.4-8.0 MaBP respectively. We interpret the first one to be related to the u...Two events of Tibet uplifting are revealed by detrital apatite fission track (AFT) age data from Linxia Basin. They occurred at about 14 and 5.4-8.0 MaBP respectively. We interpret the first one to be related to the uplifting of the northern Tibet, which might have resulted from convectively removing the thickened lower lithosphere. The second one is a result of Laji Mountain uplifting. Numerous studies of the Tibetan Plateau suggest that the onset time of the deformation in the northeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau and the time of Tibet attaining to its present elevation is about 8 MaBP. They are approximately coincident with the uplift of Lajishan Mountain. It suggests that the northeastern margin of Tibet propagated northeastwardly to its present site in about 8 MaBP for accommodating the sustained convergence between India-Eurasia plate and for keeping its high elevation. The active block pattern dominating the strong earthquake distribution of Chinese continent probably formed at about 8.0-5.4 MaBP.展开更多
The Linxia Basin in Gansu Province, extending across areas of Linxia and Lintao, istopographically located in the northeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. There arewell-developed Tertiary red deposits with a to...The Linxia Basin in Gansu Province, extending across areas of Linxia and Lintao, istopographically located in the northeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. There arewell-developed Tertiary red deposits with a total thickness of about 500 m in this basin, whichwas named the Gansu Group by Hu Min in 1946, representing the Tertiary sediments.展开更多
文摘The micromammal fossils collected from the Shangzhuang Formation of the Linxia Basin,Gansu,are described here.The assemblage consists of 16 species of 13 genera belonging to 7 families,including one new species and one taxon previously unknown from China.Among them 5 genera are Oligocene holdovers and 11 genera/species are known to make their first appearances in Early Miocene,indicating an Early Miocene age for the Gucheng Fauna.The absence of Oligocene survivors such as Tataromys,Yindirtemys,Eucricetodon and Tachyoryctoides,which usually occur in the Xiejian age of Early Miocene,and the presence of newcomers Protalactaga,Megacricetodon and Gobicricetodon,that made their first appearance only in the Shanwangian age of late Early Miocene,suggest that the Gucheng Fauna is of a later age of Early Miocene.The new species,Sinolagomys guchengensis,showing more derived morphology than in S.ulunguensis,seems to support an assessment of the fauna in Shanwangian age.Thus,the Gucheng Fauna may belong to late Early Miocene Shanwangian,partially equivalent to MN 3/4 of the European land mammal zonation.Ecological analysis of the fauna indicates that the palaeoecological condition of the Gucheng area might still be a predominantly arid shrub-steppe in late Early Miocene.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40232023)Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KZCX2-103,RJZ2001-105)Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.G2000077700).
文摘In the Linxia Basin on the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau, the Cenozoic strata are very thick and well exposed. Abundant mammalian fossils are discovered in the deposits from the Late Oligocene to the Early Pleistocene. The Dzungariotherium fauna comes from the sandstones of the Jiaozigou Formation, including many representative Late Oligocene taxa. The Platybelodon fauna comes from the sandstones of the Dongxiang Formation and the conglomerates of the Laogou Formation, and its fossils are typical Middle Miocene forms, such as Hemicyon, Amphicyon, Platybelodon, Choerolophodon, Anchitherium, and Hispanotherium. The Hipparion fauna comes from the red clay of the Liushu and Hewangjia Formations, and its fossils can be distinctly divided into four levels, including three Late Miocene levels and one Early Pliocene level. In the Linxia Basin, the Hipparion fauna has the richest mammalian fossils. The Equus fauna comes from the Wucheng Loess, and it is slightly older than that of the classical Early Pleistocene Nihewan Fauna. The mammalian faunas from the Linxia Basin provide the reliable evidence to divide the Cenozoic strata of this basin and correlate them with European mammalian sequence.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2006FY120300 and 2006CB806400)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-120, Q09)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40730210), and the All-China Stratigraphic Commission
文摘The Lower Pliocene of the Linxia Basin in Gansu Province is one of only a few representative sections for the Early Pliocene sedimentary records in northern China, and even in East Asia. Recently,abundant mammalian fossils were found from the base of red clays of the Lower Pliocene Hewangjia Formation at Duikang in Guanghe County within this basin. Previously, the Pliocene mammals were sparsely found in China, and most were collected from fluvial and lacustrine deposits in the eastern Loess Plateau. Mammals from the widely distributed Pliocene Hipparion Red Clay are less in number.The known fossils from Duikang include 20 species and belong to the Shilidun Fauna. Their faunal components are similar to the Early Pliocene Gaozhuang Fauna from Ynshe, Shanxi. On the other hand, some taxa from Duikang have not been found in the Gaozhuang Fauna, are slightly more primitive in evolutionary level, and appeared mainly in the Late Miocene. As a result, the age of the Duikang fossils may be slightly earlier than that of the Gaozhuang Fauna and closer to the lower boundary of the Piiocene. The Duikang fossiliferons bed is 0.8 m above the top of the Late Miocene Linshu Formation, and the first occurrence of the three-toed horse Hipparion pater can be regarded as a biostratigraphical marker of the Miocene/Pliocene boundary. In conclusion, Duikang is an ideal candidate locality to establish as the stratotype of the lower boundary of the Chinese terrestrial Pliocene.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFF0804501)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2021069)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDB31000000)the Second Comprehensive Scientific Expedition on the Tibetan Plateau(Grant No.2019QZKK0705)the All China Commission of Stratigraphy(Grant No.DD20221829).
文摘The Linxia Basin is characterized by an abundance of Cenozoic sediments,that contain exceptionally rich fossil resources.Equids are abundant in the Linxia Basin,the fossil record of equids in this region including 16 species that represent 10 genera.In comparison to other classic late Cenozoic areas in China,the Linxia Basin stands out,because the fauna and chronological data accompanying Linxia equids render them remarkably useful for biostratigraphy.The anchitheriines in the region,such as Anchitherium and Sinohippus,represent early equids that appeared in the late stages of the middle and late Miocene,respectively.Among the equines,most species of Chinese hipparions have been identified in the Linxia Basin and some species of the genera Hipparion and Hippotherium have FAD records for China.Furthermore,Equus eisenmannae is one of the earliest known species of Equus in the Old World and is well-represented at the Longdan locality.Some species with precise geohistorical distributions can serve as standards for high-resolution chronological units within this framework.Located at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and subject to considerable uplift,the Linxia Basin has served as a biogeographic transition area for equids throughout the late Cenozoic.
文摘Linxia Basin is a late Cenozoic fault-block basin along the border between the Tibet plateau and the Loess plateau in Northwestern China. Its formation and sediments record may be directly affected by the structural dynamics and the uplift of the Tibet Plateau. For this reason, we studied the mineral characteristics of the Maogou formation of Miocene sediments using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD results showed that quartz, chlorite, illite, calcite, plagioclase, orthoclase, kaolinite, and trace palygorskite are present throughout the sequence of the cross-section in Linxia basin. In contrast, gypsum and ankerite occur occasionally in the upper portion of the Miocene deposits. The content of calcite varied with layers in the profile and was relatively concentrated in mudstone. Chlorite and illite were observed transforming into palygorskite under SEM observation. Based on the mineral characteristics and the change of mineral composition, especially the clay minerals, it could be inferred that an arid environment prevailed in the region with warm and cold intervals during Miocene time.
文摘Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture is located in the northwest Gansu Province. Linxia used to be a strategically important town on the conjunction of ancient Silk Road, Tang Dynasty-Ancient Tibet Passage and Gansu-Sichuan
文摘Antilospira is a small to medium-sized antelope with heteronymously spiraled horn cores.It was widely distributed in northern China from the Late Pliocene to the Early Pleistocene.It is a typical fossil bovid with important implications for biostratigraphy and antilopin evolution in China.Antilospira robusta is a species with highly fragmentary materials and has previously only been briefly discussed.Here we report on a new frontal with horn cores from the Early Pleistocene Wucheng Loess in Nalesi Township,Dongxiang Autonomous County,Linxia Basin,Gansu Province.This new material features heteronymously spiraled horn cores,deep longitudinal grooves,a sharp anterior carena on the horn core,and a large body size,which are characteristics similar to those of A.robusta.However,the horn base of the new material is more compressed than all the previously discovered spiral-horned antelopes,so we attributed it to Antilospira cf.A.robusta.This is the first time Antilospira has been found in northwestern China,and this discovery provides more morphological data for the classification of this group.CT scans of the horn core reveal the well-remodeled horn core trabeculae in Antilospira,which is different from what is observed in Spirocerus.The frontal sinuses are moderately developed in the Linxia specimen,extending backwards to the orbit but not to the horn base.The virtual reconstruction of the endocranial cast indicated that Antilospira has bending and narrow frontal lobes,wide temporal lobes,and relatively complex sulci on the cerebral hemisphere,which differ from extant Antilopini bovids in China.
基金The 2022 General Project of Gansu Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning(2022YB034)。
文摘Linxia brick carving is an artistic carrier of multi-ethnic cultural intermingling,but its symbolic abstraction and diversity make digital conservation challenging.Currently,the traditional qualitative recording methods are unable to realize dynamic analysis and innovative applications.This study builds a framework for the integration of vector representation and multimodal semantic mapping,and uses that framework to quantify the historical semantics,artistic fusion,and technological features of Linxia brick carving cultural heritage by constructing a 26-dimensional vector space.This approach allowed us to solve the semantic heterogeneity of the textual-image data through the help of structured descriptive templates.The results show that this framework can support the systematic analysis and innovation of Linxia brick carving cultural symbols with high classification accuracy and reveal the structured semantic association of patterns.This study realizes the transformation of abstract symbols to computable values through the generalized 26-dimensional vectors,and can use standardized templates to regulate their digital expressions,depending on multimodal data sets that establish the multidimensional innovation of artificial intelligence-driven protection mechanisms.The results can provide methodological support for the shift in cultural heritage from static records to living inheritance,and demonstrate potential transferability to analogous heritage contexts through dimensional remapping and template localization strategies.These advances can promote the deep integration of artificial intelligence and traditional art symbols,and thus support research on the protection strategies for traditional cultural heritage in the era of digitalization.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Basic Research Project (Grant No. G1998040701) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49825104).
文摘Two events of Tibet uplifting are revealed by detrital apatite fission track (AFT) age data from Linxia Basin. They occurred at about 14 and 5.4-8.0 MaBP respectively. We interpret the first one to be related to the uplifting of the northern Tibet, which might have resulted from convectively removing the thickened lower lithosphere. The second one is a result of Laji Mountain uplifting. Numerous studies of the Tibetan Plateau suggest that the onset time of the deformation in the northeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau and the time of Tibet attaining to its present elevation is about 8 MaBP. They are approximately coincident with the uplift of Lajishan Mountain. It suggests that the northeastern margin of Tibet propagated northeastwardly to its present site in about 8 MaBP for accommodating the sustained convergence between India-Eurasia plate and for keeping its high elevation. The active block pattern dominating the strong earthquake distribution of Chinese continent probably formed at about 8.0-5.4 MaBP.
基金Project supported by the National Eighth Five-Year Climbing Programme and Gansu Province's Science Foundation.
文摘The Linxia Basin in Gansu Province, extending across areas of Linxia and Lintao, istopographically located in the northeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. There arewell-developed Tertiary red deposits with a total thickness of about 500 m in this basin, whichwas named the Gansu Group by Hu Min in 1946, representing the Tertiary sediments.
