Cardiovascular disease remains the leading global cause of mortality,projected to increase by 73.4%from 2025 to 2050 despite declining age-standardized rates.Contemporary interventions,such as percutaneous coronary in...Cardiovascular disease remains the leading global cause of mortality,projected to increase by 73.4%from 2025 to 2050 despite declining age-standardized rates.Contemporary interventions,such as percutaneous coronary intervention and statins,reduce major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)by 25%-30%,yet a 20%five-year MACE risk persists in high-risk cohorts.These approaches,histor-ically focused on luminal stenosis,fail to address systemic atherogenesis drivers like endothelial dysfunction and inflammation.Specifically,dietary linoleic acid restriction(<5 g/day)reduces oxidized low-density lipoprotein by approximately 15%by limiting peroxidation-prone bisallylic bonds,mitigating arterial inflam-mation,a key atherogenic trigger.Enhanced external counterpulsation,through pulsatile shear stress,enhances nitric oxide-mediated coronary perfusion,alle-viating angina in approximately 70%of refractory cases unresponsive to revascu-larization.Nanoparticle-facilitated chelation targets atherosclerotic plaques with precision,reducing calcium content by up to 30%in preclinical models,offering a novel avenue for lesion reversal.These innovations collectively address residual risk by tackling root causes,oxidative stress,endothelial dysfunction,and plaque instability,potentially halving MACE rates with widespread adoption.Despite promising preliminary data,gaps remain in long-term safety and scalability.Robust clinical trials are needed to validate these approaches,which collectively aim to transform cardiovascular disease management by prioritizing prevention and vascular restoration,potentially reducing coronary events to a public health rarity.展开更多
In order to verify the synthesis pathway of linoleic acid(LA)to generate arachidonic acid(ARA),the functions ofΔ6 FAD and Elovl 5 in Apostichopus japonicus were tested by heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris.A ...In order to verify the synthesis pathway of linoleic acid(LA)to generate arachidonic acid(ARA),the functions ofΔ6 FAD and Elovl 5 in Apostichopus japonicus were tested by heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris.A 60-day feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary LA and ARA on growth,polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)biosynthesis and im-mune function of A.japonicus.Seven diets containing graded levels of LA or ARA were formulated,and one diet without PUFA was applied as a control.The results confirmed thatΔ6 FAD from A.japonicus has a double desaturation ability ofΔ6 andΔ5 for PUFA,and it works together with Elovl 5 enzyme play important roles in biosynthesis of ARA from LA.With increasing dietary LA from 4.9 to 12.1 g/kg,the expressions ofΔ6 FAD and Elovl 5,levels of LA,ARA and EPA in tissues increased,and the activities of ACP,AKP and CAT enzymes in intestine initially increased and then decreased.Additionally,by increasing dietary ARA from 0.7 to 3.8 g/kg,the contents of ALA,EPA and DHA decreased,while theΔ6 FAD expression and the activities of ACP,AKP and CAT in intes-tine increased significantly.Therefore,appropriate dietary levels of LA(12.1 g/kg)or ARA(3.8 g/kg)build a reasonable composi-tion of n-3/n-6 PUFA in A.japonicus,and improved its growth,antioxidant capacity and immunological defenses.展开更多
Background Dodecanedioic acid(DDA),a typical medium-chain dicarboxylic fatty acid with widespread applications,has a great synthetic value and a huge industrial market demand.Currently,a sustainable,eco-friendly and e...Background Dodecanedioic acid(DDA),a typical medium-chain dicarboxylic fatty acid with widespread applications,has a great synthetic value and a huge industrial market demand.Currently,a sustainable,eco-friendly and efficient process is desired for dodecanedioic acid production.Results Herein,a multi-enzymatic cascade was designed and constructed for the production of DDA from linoleic acid based on the lipoxygenase pathway in plants.The cascade is composed of lipoxygenase,hydroperoxide lyase,aldehyde dehydrogenase,and unidentified double-bond reductase in E.coli for the main cascade reactions,as well as NADH oxidase for cofactor recycling.The four component enzymes involved in the cascade were co-expressed in E.coli,together with the endogenous double-bond reductase of E.coli.After optimizing the reaction conditions of the rate-limiting step,43.8 g L−1 d−1 of DDA was obtained by a whole-cell one-pot process starting from renewable linoleic acid.Conclusions Through engineering of the reaction system and co-expressing the component enzymes,a sustainable and eco-friendly DDA biosynthesis route was set up in E.coli,which afforded the highest space time yield for DDA production among the current artificial multi-enzymatic routes derived from the LOX-pathway,and the productivity achieved here ranks the second highest among the current research progress in DDA biosynthesis.展开更多
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a fatty acid with physiological activities and potential application prospect. This paper focuses on the method of synthesis of conjugated linoleic acid of high purity and the process...Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a fatty acid with physiological activities and potential application prospect. This paper focuses on the method of synthesis of conjugated linoleic acid of high purity and the process line and conditions for its purification that can be used in large scale production. CLA of more than 95% purity was prepared by means of urea adduct purification and conjugation using safflower oil as material. The total recovery of the product adds up to more than 48%. The reactive kinetics about linoleic acid from sunflower oil converted into CLA was investigated, and its apparent kinetic model was also established, which can be used as a base for industrial designs.展开更多
AIM: To determine the effect of cis -9, trans -11-conjugated linoleic acid (c9, t11-CLA) on the cell cycle of gastric cancer cells (SGC-7901) and its possible mechanism in inhibition cancer growth. METHODS: Using cell...AIM: To determine the effect of cis -9, trans -11-conjugated linoleic acid (c9, t11-CLA) on the cell cycle of gastric cancer cells (SGC-7901) and its possible mechanism in inhibition cancer growth. METHODS: Using cell culture and immunocytochemical techniques, we examined the cell growth, DNA synthesis, expression of PCNA, cyclin A, B(1), D(1), p16(ink4a) and p21(cip/waf1) of SGC-7901 cells which were treated with various c9, t11-CLA concentrations (25, 50, 100 and 200 micromol.L(-1))of c 9, t 11-CLA for 24 and 48h, with a negative control (0.1% ethane). RESULTS: The cell growth and DNA synthesis of SGC-7901 cells were inhibited by c9, t11-CLA.SGC-7901 cells. Eight day after treatment with various concentrations of c9, t11-CLA mentioned above, the inhibition rates were 5.92%, 20.15%, 75.61% and 82.44%, respectively and inhibitory effect of c9, t11-CLA on DNA synthesis (except for 25 micromol.L, 24h) showed significantly less (3)H-TdR incorporation than that in the negative controls (P【0.05 and P【0.01). Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated that SGC-7901 cells preincubated in media supplemented with different c9, t11-CLA concentrations at various times significantly decreased the expressions of PCNA (the expression rates were 7.2-3.0%, 24h and 9.1-0.9% at 48h, respectively), Cyclin A (11.0-2.3%, 24h and 8.5-0.5%,48h), B(1) (4.8-1.8% at 24h and 5.5-0.6% at 48h)and D(1) (3.6-1.4% at 24h and 3.7%-0 at 48h) as compared with those in the negative controls(the expressions of PCNA, Cyclin A, B(1) and D(1) were 6.5% at 24h and 9.0% at 48h, 4.2% at 24h and 5.1% at 48h, 9.5% at 24h and 6.0% at 48h,respectively)(P【0.01), whereas the expressions of P16(ink4a) and P21(cip/waf1), cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors(CDKI), were increased. CONCLUSION: The cell growth and proliferation of SGC-7901 cell is inhibited by c9, t11-CLA via blocking the cell cycle, with reduced expressions of cyclin A,B(1) and D(1) and enhanced expressions of CDKI(P16(ink4a) and p21(cip/waf1)).展开更多
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a kind of fatty acid with physiological activities and potential application prospect. A synthesis method of conjugated linoleic acid and a purification technology were studied. CLA w...Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a kind of fatty acid with physiological activities and potential application prospect. A synthesis method of conjugated linoleic acid and a purification technology were studied. CLA was prepared and purified by urea-complexation and conjugation using safflower oil as raw material. The purity of CLA and total recovery of the product was more than 95% and 48%, respectively. The main isomers produced in alkali-catalyzed conjugation were identified by gas chromatography (GC) linked to mass spectrometry (MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The total amount of the two main isomers (9cis, 11trons-and 10trans, 12cis-CLA) determined by GC was more than 90% of the product.展开更多
Naturally fermented pickles harbour many lactic acid bacteria （LAB）. Forty-three LAB strains with conjugated linoleic acid （CLA）-producing ability were isolated from three naturally fermented pickle brines. Of the...Naturally fermented pickles harbour many lactic acid bacteria （LAB）. Forty-three LAB strains with conjugated linoleic acid （CLA）-producing ability were isolated from three naturally fermented pickle brines. Of these isolates, Ip15 identified as Lactobacillus plantarum by API 50 CHL system and full-length 16S rDNA sequence analysis exhibited the highest CLA-producing ability （26.1% conversion） at 48 h in de Man Rogosa Sharpe （MRS） broth in the presence of 100 IJg/ml of linoleic acid （LA）. Compared to other strains, L. plantarum strain Ip15 showed the highest tolerance upon increased levels of LA in the medium, i.e., up to 600 μg/ml. This strain converted about 25% of LA into CLA isomers [predominantly cis-9, trans-11 CLA （9-CLA） and trans-lO, cis-12 CLA （10-CLA）], of which 75% was 9-CLA. Interestingly, though the conversion rate of LA into CLA by Ip15 remained stable between 100 to 600μg/ml LA levels in the medium, it dropped sharply at 1000 μg/ml. Taken together, the Ip15 strain displayed relatively high LA tolerance with higher conversion rate, which implies that this strain is a valuable candidate for enhancing the CLA content in food-sources like pickles.展开更多
Soybean bioactive peptides（SBPs） were prepared from the isolated soybean protein by proteolysis with an alkaline protease, alcalase, at 50℃ and pH = 8.0. The dependence of hydrolysis time on hydrolysis degree and m...Soybean bioactive peptides（SBPs） were prepared from the isolated soybean protein by proteolysis with an alkaline protease, alcalase, at 50℃ and pH = 8.0. The dependence of hydrolysis time on hydrolysis degree and molecular weight distribution were examined. The hydrolysate was fractionated on a Sephadex G-25 column and the anti-oxidative activities of the fractions were detected by the method of pyrogallol auto-oxidation. The average chain length of soybean peptides that have anti-oxidative activity was estimated to be about 7. The anti-oxidative properties of the soy- bean peptide were also studied by using linoleic acid peroxidation systems. The optimal condition of the peroxidation system was set up, Vc/Cu^2 ＋ as the inducer at pH = 7.4 and 25 ℃. In addition, soybean peptides show higher antioxidative activity compared with GSH.展开更多
Omega-3(linolenic acid(ALA),docosapentaenoic acid,eicosapentaenoic acid)and omega-6(linoleic acid(LA),arachidonic acid)polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential for health and normal physiological functioning in human...Omega-3(linolenic acid(ALA),docosapentaenoic acid,eicosapentaenoic acid)and omega-6(linoleic acid(LA),arachidonic acid)polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential for health and normal physiological functioning in humans.Here we report a genome-wide association study(GWAS)on LA content in chicken meat.The 19 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)identified by the GWAS approach were annotated in VILL,PLCD1 and OXSR1 genes with highly polymorphic linkage blocks,and explained 4.5%of the phenotypic variation in the LA content.Specifically,the PLCD1 mRNA expression level was negatively correlated with the LA content,and significantly higher in chickens with low LA content than in those with high LA content.In addition,PLCD1 was found to be involved in metabolic pathways,etc.Furthermore,the LA content was correlated with volatile organic compounds(e.g.,octanal,etc.),but no relationship was found with intramuscular fat and triglycerides in chicken meat.The results indicated that there are key SNPs in PLCD1 that regulate the content of LA,and it has no significant effect on fat deposition,but may affect the content of volatile organic compounds(VOCs).展开更多
Polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFAs） possess anti-cancer action both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we detected cell viability with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） assay and cell membrane permeabili...Polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFAs） possess anti-cancer action both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we detected cell viability with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） assay and cell membrane permeability with propidium iodide （PI） fluorescence dyeing, and calculated cell membrane fluidity change as fluorescence anisotropy. Fatty acid content in cells was measured by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy （GC/MS）, and the relationship between fatty acid composition and cell viability was studied. We observed that n-6 PUFA linoleic acid （LA） inhibited tumor cell growth at high concentrations （〉300 μmol/L）, while low concentrations （100-200 μmol/L） seemed to promote cell proliferation. Analyses of cell membrane permeability, cell membrane fluidity, and cell fatty acid composition suggested that the anti-cancer action of LA could be related to changes in the ratio of n-6 to n-3 PUFAs. We observed that pre-incubation of cancer cells with 100 μmol/L LA for 24 h enhanced cell sensitivity to the cytotoxic action of LA, whereas undifferentiated cell line LoVo seemed to have a distinct path in LA-induced death. These results showed that one of the mechanisms by which supplementation of LA induces cancer cell death could be altering the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs, and this may be related to celt differentiation status.展开更多
Objective To elucidate GPR40/FFA1 and its downstream signaling pathways in regulating insulin secretion. Methods GPR40/FFA1 expression was detected by immunofluorescence imaging. We employed linoleic acid (LA), a free...Objective To elucidate GPR40/FFA1 and its downstream signaling pathways in regulating insulin secretion. Methods GPR40/FFA1 expression was detected by immunofluorescence imaging. We employed linoleic acid (LA), a free fatty acid that has a high affinity to the rat GPR40, and examined its effect on cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in primary rat β-cells by Fluo-3 intensity under confocal microscopy recording. Downregulation of GPR40/FFA1 expression by antisense oligonucleotides was performed in pancreatic β-cells, and insulin secretion was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results LA acutely stimulated insulin secretion from primary cultured rat pancreatic islets. LA induced significant increase of [Ca2+]i in the presence of 5.6 mmol/L and 11.1 mmol/L glucose, which was reflected by increased Fluo-3 intensity under confocal microscopy recording. LA-stimulated increase in [Ca2+]i and insulin secretion were blocked by inhibition of GPR40/FFA1 expression in β-cells after GPR40/FFA1-specific antisense treatment. In addition, the inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) activity by U73122, PLC inhibitor, also markedly inhibited the LA-induced [Ca2+]i increase. Conclusion LA activates GPR40/FFA1 and PLC to stimulate Ca2+ release, resulting in an increase in [Ca2+]i and insulin secretion in rat islet β-cells.展开更多
According to the classic ＂diet-heart＂ hypothesis, high dietary intake of saturated fats and cholesterol combined with low intake of polyunsaturated fats can increase levels of serum cholesterol and lead to the devel...According to the classic ＂diet-heart＂ hypothesis, high dietary intake of saturated fats and cholesterol combined with low intake of polyunsaturated fats can increase levels of serum cholesterol and lead to the development of atherogenic plaques and ultimately cardio- vascular diseases. Recently, the beneficial health effects of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid （LA）, on cardiovascular health have been called into question with some scientists suggesting that consumption of LA should be reduced in Western countries. The focus of this critical review is on the controversy surrounding the effects of dietary intake of LA on cardiovascular health. Specifically, we critically examined the effects of both unadulterated and adulterated forms of LA on cardiovascular health outcomes based on findings from epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials. Additionally, we address common concems surrounding dietary intake of LA regarding its relationship with arachidonic acid, the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids, and its relationship with inflammation. Our critical review indicates that unadulterated forms of LA are cardioprotective and should be consumed as part of a healthy diet. In contrast, abundant evidence now indicates that adulterated forms of LA, predominantly hydrogenated vegetable oils, are atherogenic and should not be considered part of a healthy diet. The ability to adulterate the natural omega-6 fatty acid, LA, has contributed to mixed findings regarding the effects of this fatty acid on cardiovascular health. Thus, it is critical that the source of LA be taken into account when drawing conclusions about the physiological effects of this fatty acid. The findings of the present review are in line with current dietary recommendations of the American Heart Association.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to examine the induction profiles （as judged by quantitative reverse tran- scription polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR）） of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor （PPAR） α,β,...The purpose of this study was to examine the induction profiles （as judged by quantitative reverse tran- scription polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR）） of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor （PPAR） α,β, y subtypes and major PPAR-target genes bearing a functional peroxisome proliferator responsive element （PPRE） in HepG2 cell model upon feeding with cis-9,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid （9-CLA） or trans-10,cis-12-octadecadienoic acid （10-CLA） or their precursor fatty acids （FAs）. HepG2 cells were treated with 100 pmol/L 9-CLA or 10-CLA or their precursor FAs, viz., oleic, linoleic, and trans-11-vaccenic acids against bezafibrate control to evaluate the induc- tion/expression profiles of PPAR （α, β, γ subtypes and major PPAR-target genes bearing a functional PPRE, i.e., fatty acid transporter （FAT）, glucose transporter-2 （GLUT-2）, liver-type FA binding protein （L-FABP）, acyl CoA oxidase-1 （ACOX-1）, and peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme （PBE） with reference to β-actin as house keeping gene. Of the three housekeeping genes （glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase （GAPDH）, β-actin, and ubiquitin）, β-actin was found to be stable. Dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO）, the common solubilizer of agonists, showed a significantly higher induction of genes analyzed, qRT-PCR profiles of CLAs and their precursor FAs clearly showed upregulation of FAT, GLUT-2, and L-FABP （-0.5-.0-fold）. Compared to 10-CLA, 9-CLA decreased the induction of the FA metabolizing gene ACOX-1 less than did PBE, while 10-CLA decreased the induction of PBE less than did ACOX-I. Both CLAs and precursor FAs upregulated PPRE-beadng genes, but with comparatively less or marginal activation of PPAR subtypes This indicates that the binding of CLAs and their precursor FAs to PPAR subtypes results in PPAR activation, thereby induction of the target transporter genes coupled with downstream lipid metabolising genes such as ACOX-1 and PBE. To sum up, the expression profiles of these candidate genes showed that CLAs and their precursor FAs are involved in lipid signalling by modulating the PPAR a, 13, or ~ subtype for the indirect activation of the PPAR-target genes, which may in turn be responsible for the supposed health effects of CLA, and that care should be taken while calculating the actual fold induction values of candidate genes with reference to housekeeping gene and DMSO as they may impart false positive results.展开更多
Linoleic acid is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans or animals themselves and can only be obtained externally.The amount of linoleic acid present has an impact on the quality ...Linoleic acid is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans or animals themselves and can only be obtained externally.The amount of linoleic acid present has an impact on the quality and flavour of meat and indirectly affects consumer preference.However,the molecular mechanisms influencing the deposition of linoleic acid in organisms are not clear.As the molecular mechanisms of linoleic acid deposition are not well understood,to investigate the main effector genes affecting the linoleic acid content,this study aimed to screen for hub genes in slow-type yellow-feathered chickens by transcriptome sequencing(RNA-Seq)and weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA).We screened for candidate genes associated with the linoleic acid content in slow-type yellow-feathered broilers.A total of 399 Tiannong partridge chickens were slaughtered at 126 days of age,fatty acid levels were measured in pectoral muscle,and pectoral muscle tissue was collected for transcriptome sequencing.Transcriptome sequencing results were combined with phenotypes for WGCNA to screen for candidate genes.KEGG enrichment analysis was also performed on the genes that were significantly enriched in the modules with the highest correlation.A total of 13310 genes were identified after quality control of transcriptomic data from 399 pectoral muscle tissues.WGCNA was performed,and a total of 26 modules were obtained,eight of which were highly correlated with the linoleic acid content.Four key genes,namely,MDH2,ATP5B,RPL7A and PDGFRA,were screened according to the criteria|GS|>0.2 and|MM|>0.8.The functional enrichment results showed that the genes within the target modules were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways.In this study,a large-sample-size transcriptome analysis revealed that metabolic pathways play an important role in the regulation of the linoleic acid content in Tiannong partridge chickens,and MDH2,ATP5B,RPL7A and PDGFRA were screened as important candidate genes affecting the linoleic acid content.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for selecting molecular markers and comprehensively understanding the molecular mechanism affecting the linoleic acid content in muscle,providing an important reference for the breeding of slow-type yellowfeathered broiler chickens.展开更多
Objective: To determine the effect of cis-9, trans-1 1-conjugated linoleic acid on the cell cycle of mammary cancer cells (MCF-7) and the possible mechanism of the inhibitory effect of c9,t11-CLA. Methods: Using cell ...Objective: To determine the effect of cis-9, trans-1 1-conjugated linoleic acid on the cell cycle of mammary cancer cells (MCF-7) and the possible mechanism of the inhibitory effect of c9,t11-CLA. Methods: Using cell culture and immunocytochemical techniques, we examined the cell growth, DNA synthesis, expression of PCNA, cyclin A, B1, D1, p16ink4a and p21cip/waf1 of MCF-7 cells at various c9,t11-CLA concentrations (25μM, 50μM, 100μM and 200μM), at 24h and 48h. 96% ethand was used as negative control. Results: The cell growth and DNA synthesis of MCF-7 cells were inhibited by c9,t11-CLA. After treatment with various doses of c9,t11-CLA mentioned above for 8 days, the inhibition frequency was 27.18%, 35.43%, 91.05%, and 92.86%, respectively. Inhibitory effect of c9,t11-CLA on DNA synthesis (except for 25μM, 24h) was demonstrated by significantly less incorporation of 3H-TdR than the negative control (P<0.05 and P<0.01). To further investigate the influence of the cell cycle progression, we found that c9,t11-CLA may arrest the cell cycle of MCF-7 cells. Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated that incubation with different concentration of c9,t11-CLA at various times significantly decreased the expression of PCNA, Cyclin A, B1, D1 in MCF-7 cells compared to the negative control (P<0.01), whereas the expression of p16ink4a and p21cip/waf1, cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors (CDKI), were increased. Conclusions: The cell growth and proliferation of MCF-7 cells is inhibited by c9,t11-CLA via blocking cell cycle, accompanying reduced expression of cyclin A, B1, D1 and enhanced expression of CDKI (p16ink4a and p21cip/waf1).展开更多
Objective To explore the major compound in Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing,黄精)for quality control.Methods The major compound was isolated and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS),and subsequently...Objective To explore the major compound in Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing,黄精)for quality control.Methods The major compound was isolated and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS),and subsequently further identified by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).Thin layer chromatography(TLC)was optimized based on the previous methods reported in the Chinese Pharmacopeia(2015 edition).Results The major compound was isolated from the natural material and identified as linoleic acid.A high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method with robust linearity(R2=0.9997),specificity,precision,stability,repeatability and recovery was developed for linoleic acid determination.TLC chromatogram was improved significantly after optimization for qualitative analysis.Conclusions The optimized TLC method is practical and can be adopted for quality control of Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing,黄精).The levels of linoleic acid vary between species of Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing,黄精),with Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua(Jiang Xing Huang Jing,姜型黄精)showing the highest contents.This study provides valuable information for quality control of Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing,黄精).展开更多
We compared four esterifiable enzymes. The lipase Novozym 435 possessed the highest activity for the conjugated linoleic acid esterification during the synthesis of triglycerides. The triglycerides were synthesized by...We compared four esterifiable enzymes. The lipase Novozym 435 possessed the highest activity for the conjugated linoleic acid esterification during the synthesis of triglycerides. The triglycerides were synthesized by esterification of glycerol and conjugated linoleic acid （CLA） in a no-solvent system using lipase catalysis. We investigated the effects of temperature, enzyme concentration, water content, and time on esterification. Enzyme and water concentrations of up to 1% of the total reaction volume and a system temperature of 60℃ proved optimal for esterification. Similarly, when the esterification was carried out for 24 h, the reaction ratio improved to 94.11%. The esterification rate of the rotating screen basket remained high （87.28%） when the enzyme was re-used for the 5th time. We evaluated the substrate selectivity of lipase （NOVO 435） and determined that this lipase prefers the 10,12-octadacadienoic acid to the 9,11-octadecadienoic acid.展开更多
ABSTRACT：Two separate studies tested the hypoth- esis that plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL-C ） can be decreased by conjugated linoleic acid （CLA） by depressing hepatic acyl-coenzyme A： cholesterol...ABSTRACT：Two separate studies tested the hypoth- esis that plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL-C ） can be decreased by conjugated linoleic acid （CLA） by depressing hepatic acyl-coenzyme A： cholesterol acyltransferase （ACAT） activity. In the first experiment, 3 groups of 6 early-weaned piglets were fed low-fat diets containing either 1.5% CLA, 1.5% corn oil or 1.5% beef tallow;fat provided 8% of the energy intake. In the second experiment, 4 groups of 6 early-weaned piglets were fed high-fat di- ets containing either 15% beef tallow, 12% beef tal- low plus 3% CLA, 15% corn oil, or 12% corn oil plus 3% CLA; fat provided 29% of energy intake. Cholesterol was balanced across diets in both experi-ments. In pigs fed the low-fat diets, all dietary fats in- creased LDL-C and triacylglycerols and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （ HDL-C ） and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （VLDL-C）. LDL-C was the same in pigs fed low-fat tallow or low-fat CLA diets. However, ACAT activity was near- ly 80% higher in pigs fed the low-fat tallow diet than in pigs fed the low-fat CLA diets. All high-fat diets increased LDL-C, HDL-C and triacylglycerols equally with no effect on VLDL-C. There were no unique fat- ty acid effects of the high-fat diets on ACAT activity. We conclude that supplemental fats had differential effects on hepatic ACAT activity and LDL-C, but on- ly in pigs fed low-fat diets.展开更多
The dynamic elasticity of linoleic acid monolayer on a subphase of 10** minus **4mol/L TbCl//3 at various surface pressure has been measured by means of dynamic oscillation method in measuring the change of surface pr...The dynamic elasticity of linoleic acid monolayer on a subphase of 10** minus **4mol/L TbCl//3 at various surface pressure has been measured by means of dynamic oscillation method in measuring the change of surface pressure caused by periodic compression-expansion cycles of the barrier. The elasticity of monolayer increases with increasing of surface pressure linearly. The linoleic acid polymer monolayer has been obtained under UV-irradiation in situ when keeping a constant surface pressure. But the elasticity of the resulting polymerized monolayer is even smaller than that of its corresponding monomer monolayer. The elasticity of the polymerized linoleic acid monolayer decreases with increasing polymerization time. The explanation based on entropy has been presented. (Author abstract) 10 Refs.展开更多
Conjugated linoleic acids （CLAs） are a generic term for linoleic acid isomers and have a variety of biological functions. After rat preadi- pocytes were incubated in CLAs-supplemented media, their proliferation and ...Conjugated linoleic acids （CLAs） are a generic term for linoleic acid isomers and have a variety of biological functions. After rat preadi- pocytes were incubated in CLAs-supplemented media, their proliferation and differentiation were observed by the cell count and the oil red O stai- ning. The results showed that the CLAs at different concentrations inhibited proliferation of the rat preadipocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner. And the CLAs greatly decreased intracellular lipid content in mature adipocytes. Moreover, lipogenesis was inhibited by the CLAs in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, the CLAs inhibit the lipogenesis by reducing the number of preadipocytes and decreasing the intracellular lipid展开更多
文摘Cardiovascular disease remains the leading global cause of mortality,projected to increase by 73.4%from 2025 to 2050 despite declining age-standardized rates.Contemporary interventions,such as percutaneous coronary intervention and statins,reduce major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)by 25%-30%,yet a 20%five-year MACE risk persists in high-risk cohorts.These approaches,histor-ically focused on luminal stenosis,fail to address systemic atherogenesis drivers like endothelial dysfunction and inflammation.Specifically,dietary linoleic acid restriction(<5 g/day)reduces oxidized low-density lipoprotein by approximately 15%by limiting peroxidation-prone bisallylic bonds,mitigating arterial inflam-mation,a key atherogenic trigger.Enhanced external counterpulsation,through pulsatile shear stress,enhances nitric oxide-mediated coronary perfusion,alle-viating angina in approximately 70%of refractory cases unresponsive to revascu-larization.Nanoparticle-facilitated chelation targets atherosclerotic plaques with precision,reducing calcium content by up to 30%in preclinical models,offering a novel avenue for lesion reversal.These innovations collectively address residual risk by tackling root causes,oxidative stress,endothelial dysfunction,and plaque instability,potentially halving MACE rates with widespread adoption.Despite promising preliminary data,gaps remain in long-term safety and scalability.Robust clinical trials are needed to validate these approaches,which collectively aim to transform cardiovascular disease management by prioritizing prevention and vascular restoration,potentially reducing coronary events to a public health rarity.
基金supported by the Natural Sci-ence Foundation of Shandong(Nos.ZR2022MC086 and ZR2023MC162).
文摘In order to verify the synthesis pathway of linoleic acid(LA)to generate arachidonic acid(ARA),the functions ofΔ6 FAD and Elovl 5 in Apostichopus japonicus were tested by heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris.A 60-day feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary LA and ARA on growth,polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)biosynthesis and im-mune function of A.japonicus.Seven diets containing graded levels of LA or ARA were formulated,and one diet without PUFA was applied as a control.The results confirmed thatΔ6 FAD from A.japonicus has a double desaturation ability ofΔ6 andΔ5 for PUFA,and it works together with Elovl 5 enzyme play important roles in biosynthesis of ARA from LA.With increasing dietary LA from 4.9 to 12.1 g/kg,the expressions ofΔ6 FAD and Elovl 5,levels of LA,ARA and EPA in tissues increased,and the activities of ACP,AKP and CAT enzymes in intestine initially increased and then decreased.Additionally,by increasing dietary ARA from 0.7 to 3.8 g/kg,the contents of ALA,EPA and DHA decreased,while theΔ6 FAD expression and the activities of ACP,AKP and CAT in intes-tine increased significantly.Therefore,appropriate dietary levels of LA(12.1 g/kg)or ARA(3.8 g/kg)build a reasonable composi-tion of n-3/n-6 PUFA in A.japonicus,and improved its growth,antioxidant capacity and immunological defenses.
基金the financial supports from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2019YFA0905000&2022YFC2105900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32071475&21536004).
文摘Background Dodecanedioic acid(DDA),a typical medium-chain dicarboxylic fatty acid with widespread applications,has a great synthetic value and a huge industrial market demand.Currently,a sustainable,eco-friendly and efficient process is desired for dodecanedioic acid production.Results Herein,a multi-enzymatic cascade was designed and constructed for the production of DDA from linoleic acid based on the lipoxygenase pathway in plants.The cascade is composed of lipoxygenase,hydroperoxide lyase,aldehyde dehydrogenase,and unidentified double-bond reductase in E.coli for the main cascade reactions,as well as NADH oxidase for cofactor recycling.The four component enzymes involved in the cascade were co-expressed in E.coli,together with the endogenous double-bond reductase of E.coli.After optimizing the reaction conditions of the rate-limiting step,43.8 g L−1 d−1 of DDA was obtained by a whole-cell one-pot process starting from renewable linoleic acid.Conclusions Through engineering of the reaction system and co-expressing the component enzymes,a sustainable and eco-friendly DDA biosynthesis route was set up in E.coli,which afforded the highest space time yield for DDA production among the current artificial multi-enzymatic routes derived from the LOX-pathway,and the productivity achieved here ranks the second highest among the current research progress in DDA biosynthesis.
文摘Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a fatty acid with physiological activities and potential application prospect. This paper focuses on the method of synthesis of conjugated linoleic acid of high purity and the process line and conditions for its purification that can be used in large scale production. CLA of more than 95% purity was prepared by means of urea adduct purification and conjugation using safflower oil as material. The total recovery of the product adds up to more than 48%. The reactive kinetics about linoleic acid from sunflower oil converted into CLA was investigated, and its apparent kinetic model was also established, which can be used as a base for industrial designs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.39870661
文摘AIM: To determine the effect of cis -9, trans -11-conjugated linoleic acid (c9, t11-CLA) on the cell cycle of gastric cancer cells (SGC-7901) and its possible mechanism in inhibition cancer growth. METHODS: Using cell culture and immunocytochemical techniques, we examined the cell growth, DNA synthesis, expression of PCNA, cyclin A, B(1), D(1), p16(ink4a) and p21(cip/waf1) of SGC-7901 cells which were treated with various c9, t11-CLA concentrations (25, 50, 100 and 200 micromol.L(-1))of c 9, t 11-CLA for 24 and 48h, with a negative control (0.1% ethane). RESULTS: The cell growth and DNA synthesis of SGC-7901 cells were inhibited by c9, t11-CLA.SGC-7901 cells. Eight day after treatment with various concentrations of c9, t11-CLA mentioned above, the inhibition rates were 5.92%, 20.15%, 75.61% and 82.44%, respectively and inhibitory effect of c9, t11-CLA on DNA synthesis (except for 25 micromol.L, 24h) showed significantly less (3)H-TdR incorporation than that in the negative controls (P【0.05 and P【0.01). Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated that SGC-7901 cells preincubated in media supplemented with different c9, t11-CLA concentrations at various times significantly decreased the expressions of PCNA (the expression rates were 7.2-3.0%, 24h and 9.1-0.9% at 48h, respectively), Cyclin A (11.0-2.3%, 24h and 8.5-0.5%,48h), B(1) (4.8-1.8% at 24h and 5.5-0.6% at 48h)and D(1) (3.6-1.4% at 24h and 3.7%-0 at 48h) as compared with those in the negative controls(the expressions of PCNA, Cyclin A, B(1) and D(1) were 6.5% at 24h and 9.0% at 48h, 4.2% at 24h and 5.1% at 48h, 9.5% at 24h and 6.0% at 48h,respectively)(P【0.01), whereas the expressions of P16(ink4a) and P21(cip/waf1), cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors(CDKI), were increased. CONCLUSION: The cell growth and proliferation of SGC-7901 cell is inhibited by c9, t11-CLA via blocking the cell cycle, with reduced expressions of cyclin A,B(1) and D(1) and enhanced expressions of CDKI(P16(ink4a) and p21(cip/waf1)).
文摘Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a kind of fatty acid with physiological activities and potential application prospect. A synthesis method of conjugated linoleic acid and a purification technology were studied. CLA was prepared and purified by urea-complexation and conjugation using safflower oil as raw material. The purity of CLA and total recovery of the product was more than 95% and 48%, respectively. The main isomers produced in alkali-catalyzed conjugation were identified by gas chromatography (GC) linked to mass spectrometry (MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The total amount of the two main isomers (9cis, 11trons-and 10trans, 12cis-CLA) determined by GC was more than 90% of the product.
基金Project (No. 2007AA100402) supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program (863) of China
文摘Naturally fermented pickles harbour many lactic acid bacteria （LAB）. Forty-three LAB strains with conjugated linoleic acid （CLA）-producing ability were isolated from three naturally fermented pickle brines. Of these isolates, Ip15 identified as Lactobacillus plantarum by API 50 CHL system and full-length 16S rDNA sequence analysis exhibited the highest CLA-producing ability （26.1% conversion） at 48 h in de Man Rogosa Sharpe （MRS） broth in the presence of 100 IJg/ml of linoleic acid （LA）. Compared to other strains, L. plantarum strain Ip15 showed the highest tolerance upon increased levels of LA in the medium, i.e., up to 600 μg/ml. This strain converted about 25% of LA into CLA isomers [predominantly cis-9, trans-11 CLA （9-CLA） and trans-lO, cis-12 CLA （10-CLA）], of which 75% was 9-CLA. Interestingly, though the conversion rate of LA into CLA by Ip15 remained stable between 100 to 600μg/ml LA levels in the medium, it dropped sharply at 1000 μg/ml. Taken together, the Ip15 strain displayed relatively high LA tolerance with higher conversion rate, which implies that this strain is a valuable candidate for enhancing the CLA content in food-sources like pickles.
文摘Soybean bioactive peptides（SBPs） were prepared from the isolated soybean protein by proteolysis with an alkaline protease, alcalase, at 50℃ and pH = 8.0. The dependence of hydrolysis time on hydrolysis degree and molecular weight distribution were examined. The hydrolysate was fractionated on a Sephadex G-25 column and the anti-oxidative activities of the fractions were detected by the method of pyrogallol auto-oxidation. The average chain length of soybean peptides that have anti-oxidative activity was estimated to be about 7. The anti-oxidative properties of the soy- bean peptide were also studied by using linoleic acid peroxidation systems. The optimal condition of the peroxidation system was set up, Vc/Cu^2 ＋ as the inducer at pH = 7.4 and 25 ℃. In addition, soybean peptides show higher antioxidative activity compared with GSH.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872340)the State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition(2004DA125184G2109)+2 种基金the Basic Research from Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Y2019XK06)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(ASTIP-IAS04)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-41).
文摘Omega-3(linolenic acid(ALA),docosapentaenoic acid,eicosapentaenoic acid)and omega-6(linoleic acid(LA),arachidonic acid)polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential for health and normal physiological functioning in humans.Here we report a genome-wide association study(GWAS)on LA content in chicken meat.The 19 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)identified by the GWAS approach were annotated in VILL,PLCD1 and OXSR1 genes with highly polymorphic linkage blocks,and explained 4.5%of the phenotypic variation in the LA content.Specifically,the PLCD1 mRNA expression level was negatively correlated with the LA content,and significantly higher in chickens with low LA content than in those with high LA content.In addition,PLCD1 was found to be involved in metabolic pathways,etc.Furthermore,the LA content was correlated with volatile organic compounds(e.g.,octanal,etc.),but no relationship was found with intramuscular fat and triglycerides in chicken meat.The results indicated that there are key SNPs in PLCD1 that regulate the content of LA,and it has no significant effect on fat deposition,but may affect the content of volatile organic compounds(VOCs).
文摘Polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFAs） possess anti-cancer action both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we detected cell viability with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） assay and cell membrane permeability with propidium iodide （PI） fluorescence dyeing, and calculated cell membrane fluidity change as fluorescence anisotropy. Fatty acid content in cells was measured by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy （GC/MS）, and the relationship between fatty acid composition and cell viability was studied. We observed that n-6 PUFA linoleic acid （LA） inhibited tumor cell growth at high concentrations （〉300 μmol/L）, while low concentrations （100-200 μmol/L） seemed to promote cell proliferation. Analyses of cell membrane permeability, cell membrane fluidity, and cell fatty acid composition suggested that the anti-cancer action of LA could be related to changes in the ratio of n-6 to n-3 PUFAs. We observed that pre-incubation of cancer cells with 100 μmol/L LA for 24 h enhanced cell sensitivity to the cytotoxic action of LA, whereas undifferentiated cell line LoVo seemed to have a distinct path in LA-induced death. These results showed that one of the mechanisms by which supplementation of LA induces cancer cell death could be altering the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs, and this may be related to celt differentiation status.
基金Supported by Grant from Department of Education of Liaoning Province (2008810)
文摘Objective To elucidate GPR40/FFA1 and its downstream signaling pathways in regulating insulin secretion. Methods GPR40/FFA1 expression was detected by immunofluorescence imaging. We employed linoleic acid (LA), a free fatty acid that has a high affinity to the rat GPR40, and examined its effect on cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in primary rat β-cells by Fluo-3 intensity under confocal microscopy recording. Downregulation of GPR40/FFA1 expression by antisense oligonucleotides was performed in pancreatic β-cells, and insulin secretion was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results LA acutely stimulated insulin secretion from primary cultured rat pancreatic islets. LA induced significant increase of [Ca2+]i in the presence of 5.6 mmol/L and 11.1 mmol/L glucose, which was reflected by increased Fluo-3 intensity under confocal microscopy recording. LA-stimulated increase in [Ca2+]i and insulin secretion were blocked by inhibition of GPR40/FFA1 expression in β-cells after GPR40/FFA1-specific antisense treatment. In addition, the inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) activity by U73122, PLC inhibitor, also markedly inhibited the LA-induced [Ca2+]i increase. Conclusion LA activates GPR40/FFA1 and PLC to stimulate Ca2+ release, resulting in an increase in [Ca2+]i and insulin secretion in rat islet β-cells.
基金supported by a K23 AT004251-01A2, an Early Stage Investigator grant from the AHA and the Thomas H.Maren Foundation
文摘According to the classic ＂diet-heart＂ hypothesis, high dietary intake of saturated fats and cholesterol combined with low intake of polyunsaturated fats can increase levels of serum cholesterol and lead to the development of atherogenic plaques and ultimately cardio- vascular diseases. Recently, the beneficial health effects of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid （LA）, on cardiovascular health have been called into question with some scientists suggesting that consumption of LA should be reduced in Western countries. The focus of this critical review is on the controversy surrounding the effects of dietary intake of LA on cardiovascular health. Specifically, we critically examined the effects of both unadulterated and adulterated forms of LA on cardiovascular health outcomes based on findings from epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials. Additionally, we address common concems surrounding dietary intake of LA regarding its relationship with arachidonic acid, the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids, and its relationship with inflammation. Our critical review indicates that unadulterated forms of LA are cardioprotective and should be consumed as part of a healthy diet. In contrast, abundant evidence now indicates that adulterated forms of LA, predominantly hydrogenated vegetable oils, are atherogenic and should not be considered part of a healthy diet. The ability to adulterate the natural omega-6 fatty acid, LA, has contributed to mixed findings regarding the effects of this fatty acid on cardiovascular health. Thus, it is critical that the source of LA be taken into account when drawing conclusions about the physiological effects of this fatty acid. The findings of the present review are in line with current dietary recommendations of the American Heart Association.
基金Project (No. SP 135/14-1) supported by the Deutsche Forschungs-gemeinschaft,Germany
文摘The purpose of this study was to examine the induction profiles （as judged by quantitative reverse tran- scription polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR）） of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor （PPAR） α,β, y subtypes and major PPAR-target genes bearing a functional peroxisome proliferator responsive element （PPRE） in HepG2 cell model upon feeding with cis-9,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid （9-CLA） or trans-10,cis-12-octadecadienoic acid （10-CLA） or their precursor fatty acids （FAs）. HepG2 cells were treated with 100 pmol/L 9-CLA or 10-CLA or their precursor FAs, viz., oleic, linoleic, and trans-11-vaccenic acids against bezafibrate control to evaluate the induc- tion/expression profiles of PPAR （α, β, γ subtypes and major PPAR-target genes bearing a functional PPRE, i.e., fatty acid transporter （FAT）, glucose transporter-2 （GLUT-2）, liver-type FA binding protein （L-FABP）, acyl CoA oxidase-1 （ACOX-1）, and peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme （PBE） with reference to β-actin as house keeping gene. Of the three housekeeping genes （glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase （GAPDH）, β-actin, and ubiquitin）, β-actin was found to be stable. Dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO）, the common solubilizer of agonists, showed a significantly higher induction of genes analyzed, qRT-PCR profiles of CLAs and their precursor FAs clearly showed upregulation of FAT, GLUT-2, and L-FABP （-0.5-.0-fold）. Compared to 10-CLA, 9-CLA decreased the induction of the FA metabolizing gene ACOX-1 less than did PBE, while 10-CLA decreased the induction of PBE less than did ACOX-I. Both CLAs and precursor FAs upregulated PPRE-beadng genes, but with comparatively less or marginal activation of PPAR subtypes This indicates that the binding of CLAs and their precursor FAs to PPAR subtypes results in PPAR activation, thereby induction of the target transporter genes coupled with downstream lipid metabolising genes such as ACOX-1 and PBE. To sum up, the expression profiles of these candidate genes showed that CLAs and their precursor FAs are involved in lipid signalling by modulating the PPAR a, 13, or ~ subtype for the indirect activation of the PPAR-target genes, which may in turn be responsible for the supposed health effects of CLA, and that care should be taken while calculating the actual fold induction values of candidate genes with reference to housekeeping gene and DMSO as they may impart false positive results.
基金This study was supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-41)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,China(2020B020222002)+3 种基金the Foshan University High-level Talent Program,China(CGZ07243)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding,China(2019B030301010)the Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes,China(2019KSYS011)the Foshan Institute of Science and Technology Postgraduate Free Exploration Fund,China(2021ZYTS36).
文摘Linoleic acid is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans or animals themselves and can only be obtained externally.The amount of linoleic acid present has an impact on the quality and flavour of meat and indirectly affects consumer preference.However,the molecular mechanisms influencing the deposition of linoleic acid in organisms are not clear.As the molecular mechanisms of linoleic acid deposition are not well understood,to investigate the main effector genes affecting the linoleic acid content,this study aimed to screen for hub genes in slow-type yellow-feathered chickens by transcriptome sequencing(RNA-Seq)and weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA).We screened for candidate genes associated with the linoleic acid content in slow-type yellow-feathered broilers.A total of 399 Tiannong partridge chickens were slaughtered at 126 days of age,fatty acid levels were measured in pectoral muscle,and pectoral muscle tissue was collected for transcriptome sequencing.Transcriptome sequencing results were combined with phenotypes for WGCNA to screen for candidate genes.KEGG enrichment analysis was also performed on the genes that were significantly enriched in the modules with the highest correlation.A total of 13310 genes were identified after quality control of transcriptomic data from 399 pectoral muscle tissues.WGCNA was performed,and a total of 26 modules were obtained,eight of which were highly correlated with the linoleic acid content.Four key genes,namely,MDH2,ATP5B,RPL7A and PDGFRA,were screened according to the criteria|GS|>0.2 and|MM|>0.8.The functional enrichment results showed that the genes within the target modules were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways.In this study,a large-sample-size transcriptome analysis revealed that metabolic pathways play an important role in the regulation of the linoleic acid content in Tiannong partridge chickens,and MDH2,ATP5B,RPL7A and PDGFRA were screened as important candidate genes affecting the linoleic acid content.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for selecting molecular markers and comprehensively understanding the molecular mechanism affecting the linoleic acid content in muscle,providing an important reference for the breeding of slow-type yellowfeathered broiler chickens.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.39870661). Phone: (0086-451)-3641309 Fax: (0086-451)-3641253
文摘Objective: To determine the effect of cis-9, trans-1 1-conjugated linoleic acid on the cell cycle of mammary cancer cells (MCF-7) and the possible mechanism of the inhibitory effect of c9,t11-CLA. Methods: Using cell culture and immunocytochemical techniques, we examined the cell growth, DNA synthesis, expression of PCNA, cyclin A, B1, D1, p16ink4a and p21cip/waf1 of MCF-7 cells at various c9,t11-CLA concentrations (25μM, 50μM, 100μM and 200μM), at 24h and 48h. 96% ethand was used as negative control. Results: The cell growth and DNA synthesis of MCF-7 cells were inhibited by c9,t11-CLA. After treatment with various doses of c9,t11-CLA mentioned above for 8 days, the inhibition frequency was 27.18%, 35.43%, 91.05%, and 92.86%, respectively. Inhibitory effect of c9,t11-CLA on DNA synthesis (except for 25μM, 24h) was demonstrated by significantly less incorporation of 3H-TdR than the negative control (P<0.05 and P<0.01). To further investigate the influence of the cell cycle progression, we found that c9,t11-CLA may arrest the cell cycle of MCF-7 cells. Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated that incubation with different concentration of c9,t11-CLA at various times significantly decreased the expression of PCNA, Cyclin A, B1, D1 in MCF-7 cells compared to the negative control (P<0.01), whereas the expression of p16ink4a and p21cip/waf1, cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors (CDKI), were increased. Conclusions: The cell growth and proliferation of MCF-7 cells is inhibited by c9,t11-CLA via blocking cell cycle, accompanying reduced expression of cyclin A, B1, D1 and enhanced expression of CDKI (p16ink4a and p21cip/waf1).
基金We thank for the funding support from the National Standardization Construction in TCMs of China(No.ZYBZH-Y-HUN-23)National Key Research and Development Projects of China(No.2018YFC1707903)Key Research and Development Projects of Hunan Province(No.2018SK2119).
文摘Objective To explore the major compound in Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing,黄精)for quality control.Methods The major compound was isolated and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS),and subsequently further identified by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).Thin layer chromatography(TLC)was optimized based on the previous methods reported in the Chinese Pharmacopeia(2015 edition).Results The major compound was isolated from the natural material and identified as linoleic acid.A high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method with robust linearity(R2=0.9997),specificity,precision,stability,repeatability and recovery was developed for linoleic acid determination.TLC chromatogram was improved significantly after optimization for qualitative analysis.Conclusions The optimized TLC method is practical and can be adopted for quality control of Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing,黄精).The levels of linoleic acid vary between species of Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing,黄精),with Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua(Jiang Xing Huang Jing,姜型黄精)showing the highest contents.This study provides valuable information for quality control of Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing,黄精).
基金Supported by the High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No 2007AA091905)the Technical Program of Municipal Technology Bureau Qingdao (No 04-2-JS-117)
文摘We compared four esterifiable enzymes. The lipase Novozym 435 possessed the highest activity for the conjugated linoleic acid esterification during the synthesis of triglycerides. The triglycerides were synthesized by esterification of glycerol and conjugated linoleic acid （CLA） in a no-solvent system using lipase catalysis. We investigated the effects of temperature, enzyme concentration, water content, and time on esterification. Enzyme and water concentrations of up to 1% of the total reaction volume and a system temperature of 60℃ proved optimal for esterification. Similarly, when the esterification was carried out for 24 h, the reaction ratio improved to 94.11%. The esterification rate of the rotating screen basket remained high （87.28%） when the enzyme was re-used for the 5th time. We evaluated the substrate selectivity of lipase （NOVO 435） and determined that this lipase prefers the 10,12-octadacadienoic acid to the 9,11-octadecadienoic acid.
基金Supported by USDA/CSREES Competitive Grant 98-35206-6286federal funds from the USDA,ARS under Cooperative Agreement no.58-6250-1-003
文摘ABSTRACT：Two separate studies tested the hypoth- esis that plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL-C ） can be decreased by conjugated linoleic acid （CLA） by depressing hepatic acyl-coenzyme A： cholesterol acyltransferase （ACAT） activity. In the first experiment, 3 groups of 6 early-weaned piglets were fed low-fat diets containing either 1.5% CLA, 1.5% corn oil or 1.5% beef tallow;fat provided 8% of the energy intake. In the second experiment, 4 groups of 6 early-weaned piglets were fed high-fat di- ets containing either 15% beef tallow, 12% beef tal- low plus 3% CLA, 15% corn oil, or 12% corn oil plus 3% CLA; fat provided 29% of energy intake. Cholesterol was balanced across diets in both experi-ments. In pigs fed the low-fat diets, all dietary fats in- creased LDL-C and triacylglycerols and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （ HDL-C ） and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （VLDL-C）. LDL-C was the same in pigs fed low-fat tallow or low-fat CLA diets. However, ACAT activity was near- ly 80% higher in pigs fed the low-fat tallow diet than in pigs fed the low-fat CLA diets. All high-fat diets increased LDL-C, HDL-C and triacylglycerols equally with no effect on VLDL-C. There were no unique fat- ty acid effects of the high-fat diets on ACAT activity. We conclude that supplemental fats had differential effects on hepatic ACAT activity and LDL-C, but on- ly in pigs fed low-fat diets.
基金One of us(HE Pingsheng)is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The dynamic elasticity of linoleic acid monolayer on a subphase of 10** minus **4mol/L TbCl//3 at various surface pressure has been measured by means of dynamic oscillation method in measuring the change of surface pressure caused by periodic compression-expansion cycles of the barrier. The elasticity of monolayer increases with increasing of surface pressure linearly. The linoleic acid polymer monolayer has been obtained under UV-irradiation in situ when keeping a constant surface pressure. But the elasticity of the resulting polymerized monolayer is even smaller than that of its corresponding monomer monolayer. The elasticity of the polymerized linoleic acid monolayer decreases with increasing polymerization time. The explanation based on entropy has been presented. (Author abstract) 10 Refs.
基金funded by Scientific and Technological Research Project of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (KJ080827)National Natural Science Foundation of China (30800843)the Key Disciplines of Zoology of chongqing, chongqing Normal University
文摘Conjugated linoleic acids （CLAs） are a generic term for linoleic acid isomers and have a variety of biological functions. After rat preadi- pocytes were incubated in CLAs-supplemented media, their proliferation and differentiation were observed by the cell count and the oil red O stai- ning. The results showed that the CLAs at different concentrations inhibited proliferation of the rat preadipocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner. And the CLAs greatly decreased intracellular lipid content in mature adipocytes. Moreover, lipogenesis was inhibited by the CLAs in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, the CLAs inhibit the lipogenesis by reducing the number of preadipocytes and decreasing the intracellular lipid
