Because of the effect of unbalance excitation and nonlinear magnetic force, the large vibration of the rotor supported by active magnetic bearing（AMB） will go beyond the radial gap of the bearing, even causing mecha...Because of the effect of unbalance excitation and nonlinear magnetic force, the large vibration of the rotor supported by active magnetic bearing（AMB） will go beyond the radial gap of the bearing, even causing mechanical touch-rubbing when the system works at an operational speed closer to the critical speed. In order to investigate this problem, the linear model and nonlinear model of the single mass symmetric rigid rotor system supported by AMB are established respectively and the corresponding transfer functions of close-loop system are given. To pass through the numerical calculation by using MATLAB/Simulink, the effect of both the unbalance response and threshold speed of touch-rubbing of the system subjected to nonlinear magnetic forces and nonlinear output current of power amplifier are studied. Furthermore, threshold speed of touch-rubbing of the rotor-bearing system is defined and the results of numerical simulation are presented. Finally, based on above studies, two methods of increasing the touch-rubbing threshold speed are discussed.展开更多
The effects of milling parameters on the surface quality,microstructures and mechanical properties of machined parts with ultrafine grained(UFG)gradient microstructures are investigated.The effects of the cutting spee...The effects of milling parameters on the surface quality,microstructures and mechanical properties of machined parts with ultrafine grained(UFG)gradient microstructures are investigated.The effects of the cutting speed,feed per tooth,cutting tool geometry and cooling strategy are demonstrated.It has been found that the surface quality of machined grooves can be improved by increasing the cutting speed.However,cryogenic cooling with CO_2 exhibits no significant improvement of surface quality.Microstructure and hardness investigations revealed similar microstructure and hardness variations near the machined groove walls for both utilized tool geometries.Therefore,cryogenic cooling can decrease more far-ranging hardness reductions due to high process temperatures,especially in the UFG regions of the machined parts,whilst it cannot prevent the drop in hardness directly at the groove walls.展开更多
The paper reveals the relation between the linear AND-OR gate and the emitter function logic. With theoretic calculation and PSPICE simulation, the paper proves that the linear AND-OR gates can work at super-high-spee...The paper reveals the relation between the linear AND-OR gate and the emitter function logic. With theoretic calculation and PSPICE simulation, the paper proves that the linear AND-OR gates can work at super-high-speed and can be multi-cascaded. On the basis of analyzing the high-speed switch units which coordinate with linear AND-OR gates, two kinds of emitter coupled logic circuits are designed. The paper also discusses the design principles of super-high-speed digital circuits, and some examples of combinational and sequential circuits using linear AND-OR gate are given.展开更多
Accurate classification and prediction of future traffic conditions are essential for developing effective strategies for congestion mitigation on the highway systems. Speed distribution is one of the traffic stream p...Accurate classification and prediction of future traffic conditions are essential for developing effective strategies for congestion mitigation on the highway systems. Speed distribution is one of the traffic stream parameters, which has been used to quantify the traffic conditions. Previous studies have shown that multi-modal probability distribution of speeds gives excellent results when simultaneously evaluating congested and free-flow traffic conditions. However, most of these previous analytical studies do not incorporate the influencing factors in characterizing these conditions. This study evaluates the impact of traffic occupancy on the multi-state speed distribution using the Bayesian Dirichlet Process Mixtures of Generalized Linear Models (DPM-GLM). Further, the study estimates the speed cut-point values of traffic states, which separate them into homogeneous groups using Bayesian change-point detection (BCD) technique. The study used 2015 archived one-year traffic data collected on Florida’s Interstate 295 freeway corridor. Information criteria results revealed three traffic states, which were identified as free-flow, transitional flow condition (congestion onset/offset), and the congested condition. The findings of the DPM-GLM indicated that in all estimated states, the traffic speed decreases when traffic occupancy increases. Comparison of the influence of traffic occupancy between traffic states showed that traffic occupancy has more impact on the free-flow and the congested state than on the transitional flow condition. With respect to estimating the threshold speed value, the results of the BCD model revealed promising findings in characterizing levels of traffic congestion.展开更多
The influences of steady aerodynamic loads on hunting stability of high-speed railway vehicles were investigated in this study.A mechanism is suggested to explain the change of hunting behavior due to actions of aerod...The influences of steady aerodynamic loads on hunting stability of high-speed railway vehicles were investigated in this study.A mechanism is suggested to explain the change of hunting behavior due to actions of aerodynamic loads：the aerodynamic loads can change the position of vehicle system（consequently the contact relations）,the wheel/rail normal contact forces,the gravitational restoring forces/moments and the creep forces/moments.A mathematical model for hunting stability incorporating such influences was developed.A computer program capable of incorporating the effects of aerodynamic loads based on the model was written,and the critical speeds were calculated using this program.The dependences of linear and nonlinear critical speeds on suspension parameters considering aerodynamic loads were analyzed by using the orthogonal test method,the results were also compared with the situations without aerodynamic loads.It is shown that the most dominant factors a ff ecting linear and nonlinear critical speeds are different whether the aerodynamic loads considered or not.The damping of yaw damper is the most dominant influencing factor for linear critical speeds,while the damping of lateral damper is most dominant for nonlinear ones.When the influences of aerodynamic loads are considered,the linear critical speeds decrease with the rise of cross wind velocity,whereas it is not the case for the nonlinear critical speeds.The variation trends of critical speeds with suspension parameters can be significantly changed by aerodynamic loads.Combined actions of aerodynamic loads and suspension parameters also a ff ect the critical speeds.The effects of such joint action are more obvious for nonlinear critical speeds.展开更多
An approach is presented to optimize the surface roughness in high-speed finish milling of 7050- T7451 aeronautical aluminum alloy. In view of this, the multi-linear regression model for surface roughness has been dev...An approach is presented to optimize the surface roughness in high-speed finish milling of 7050- T7451 aeronautical aluminum alloy. In view of this, the multi-linear regression model for surface roughness has been developed in terms of slenderness ratio, cutting speed, radial depth-of-cut and feed per tooth by means of orthogonal experimental design. Variance analyses were applied to check the adequacy of the predictive model and the significances of the independent input parameters. Response contours of surface roughness were generated by using response surface methodology （RSM）. From these contours, it was possible to select an optimum combination of cutting parameters that improves machining efficiency without increasing the surface roughness.展开更多
In order to realize high speed machining, the special requirements for feed transmission system of the CNC machine tool have to be satisfied. A high velocity feed unit driven by a induction linear motor is developed. ...In order to realize high speed machining, the special requirements for feed transmission system of the CNC machine tool have to be satisfied. A high velocity feed unit driven by a induction linear motor is developed. The compositions of the high velocity CNC feed unit and main problems in the unit design are discussed.展开更多
This paper deals with a study on the dynamic behavior of 600 km/h wheel-type train propelled by superconducting linear synchronous motor (LSM). This train is of a traditional wheel-on-rail type with traction motors on...This paper deals with a study on the dynamic behavior of 600 km/h wheel-type train propelled by superconducting linear synchronous motor (LSM). This train is of a traditional wheel-on-rail type with traction motors on wheel-bogies. However, for the 600 km/h speed, on the both sides of each vehicle, superconducting LSMs are attached and the ground coils are installed on the guideway. In this case, the guideway irregularities act as disturbance to the vehicle causing deterioration of ride comfort. And besides thrust force, the normal force could be created in superconducting LSM control, which influences vehicle dynamics during running. In this study, to examine the effect of guideway irregularity and normal force on dynamic behavior of proposed train, the vehicle dynamic model is driven and frequency analysis is performed through simulation. The simulation results show that the lateral directional acceleration is mainly influential to ride comfort;however this could be reduced effectively by electromagnetic damping force from linear generator. It is also shown that the normal force effect from superconducting LSM control is limited even though the attractive normal force acts favorably to ride comfort.展开更多
In this paper we study one-dimensional Fisher-Kolmogorov equation with density dependent non-linear diffusion. We choose the diffusion as a function of cell density such that it is high in highly cell populated areas ...In this paper we study one-dimensional Fisher-Kolmogorov equation with density dependent non-linear diffusion. We choose the diffusion as a function of cell density such that it is high in highly cell populated areas and it is small in the regions of fewer cells. The Fisher equation with non-linear diffusion is known as modified Fisher equation. We study the travelling wave solution of modified Fisher equation and find the approximation of minimum wave speed analytically, by using the eigenvalues of the stationary states, and numerically by using COMSOL (a commercial finite element solver). The results reveal that the minimum wave speed depends on the parameter values involved in the model. We observe that when diffusion is moderately non-linear, the eigenvalue method correctly predicts the minimum wave speed in our numerical calculations, but when diffusion is strongly non-linear the eigenvalues method gives the wrong answer.展开更多
Predicting wind speed is a complex task that involves analyzing various meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and topography. There are different approaches that can be used to pr...Predicting wind speed is a complex task that involves analyzing various meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and topography. There are different approaches that can be used to predict wind speed, and a hybrid optimization approach is one of them. In this paper, the hybrid optimization approach combines a multiple linear regression approach with an optimization technique to achieve better results. In the context of wind speed prediction, this hybrid optimization approach can be used to improve the accuracy of existing prediction models. Here, a Grey Wolf Optimizer based Wind Speed Prediction (GWO-WSP) method is proposed. This approach is tested on the 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019 Raw Data files from the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratories and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (GLERL-NOAA) Chicago Metadata Archive. The test results show that the implementation is successful and the approach yields accurate and feasible results. The computation time for execution of the algorithm is also superior compared to the existing methods in literature.展开更多
In this paper, the robust output feedback cruise control for high-speed train movement with uncertain parameters is investigated. The dynamic of a high-speed train is modeled by a cascade of cars connected by flexible...In this paper, the robust output feedback cruise control for high-speed train movement with uncertain parameters is investigated. The dynamic of a high-speed train is modeled by a cascade of cars connected by flexible couplers, which is subject to rolling mechanical resistance, aerodynamic drag and wind gust. Based on Lyapunov＇s stability theory, the sufficient condition for the existence of the robust output feedback cruise control law is given in terms of linear matrix inequalities（LMIs）, under which the high-speed train tracks the desired speed, the relative spring displacement between the two neighboring cars is stable at the equilibrium state, and meanwhile a small prescribed H∞ disturbance attenuation level is guaranteed. One numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.展开更多
Ocean sound speed profile(SSP) is the key factor affecting acoustic propagation. The acquisition of SSPsin real time with high precision is meaningful for underwater activities. By means of the remote sensing method, ...Ocean sound speed profile(SSP) is the key factor affecting acoustic propagation. The acquisition of SSPsin real time with high precision is meaningful for underwater activities. By means of the remote sensing method, thesea surface data could be obtained in near-real time. Typically, the subsurface fields are correlated with the sea surfaceparameters. Thus, the SSPs could be obtained by means of satellite remote sensing. In this paper, the history as wellas the current research over the reconstruction of subsurface fields by means of sea surface data is introduced. Thentwo methods to reconstruct the SSPs with sea surface data, including the linear regression method using the empiricalorthogonal function, and the self-organizing method based on the big data theory, are described in detail in the paper.展开更多
This paper proposes an adaptive howling canceller using notch filter and 2-tap linear predictor, where howling consists of a single sinusoidal signal whose magnitude is much greater than other frequency’s magnitudes....This paper proposes an adaptive howling canceller using notch filter and 2-tap linear predictor, where howling consists of a single sinusoidal signal whose magnitude is much greater than other frequency’s magnitudes. The employed 2-tap linear predictor can quickly detect howling due to its high convergence speed. Although the output signal of the 2-tap linear predictor cannot be directly used as one of a howling canceller, we can obtain the frequency of howling from the filter coefficient. We utilize the filter coefficient of the 2-tap linear predictor to design a notch filter which achieves a very narrow elimination band. The designed notch filter removes only howling and retains other desired signals. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive howling canceller can quickly detect and effectively remove howling.展开更多
ASIC or FPGA implementation of a finite word-length PID controller requires a double expertise： in control system and hardware design. In this paper, we only focus on the hardware side of the problem. We show how to ...ASIC or FPGA implementation of a finite word-length PID controller requires a double expertise： in control system and hardware design. In this paper, we only focus on the hardware side of the problem. We show how to design configurable fixed-point PIDs to satisfy applications requiring minimal power consumption, or high control-rate, or both together. As multiply operation is the engine of PID, we experienced three algorithms： Booth, modified Booth, and a new recursive multi-bit multiplication algorithm. This later enables the construction of finely grained PID structures with bit-level and unit-time precision. Such a feature permits to tailor the PID to the desired performance and power budget. All PIDs are implemented at register-transfer4evel （RTL） level as technology-independent reusable IP-cores. They are reconfigurable according to two compilemtime constants： set-point word-length and latency. To make PID design easily reproducible, all necessary implementation details are provided and discussed.展开更多
文摘Because of the effect of unbalance excitation and nonlinear magnetic force, the large vibration of the rotor supported by active magnetic bearing（AMB） will go beyond the radial gap of the bearing, even causing mechanical touch-rubbing when the system works at an operational speed closer to the critical speed. In order to investigate this problem, the linear model and nonlinear model of the single mass symmetric rigid rotor system supported by AMB are established respectively and the corresponding transfer functions of close-loop system are given. To pass through the numerical calculation by using MATLAB/Simulink, the effect of both the unbalance response and threshold speed of touch-rubbing of the system subjected to nonlinear magnetic forces and nonlinear output current of power amplifier are studied. Furthermore, threshold speed of touch-rubbing of the rotor-bearing system is defined and the results of numerical simulation are presented. Finally, based on above studies, two methods of increasing the touch-rubbing threshold speed are discussed.
基金supported by the German Research Foundation(DFG)the DFG for funding the subproject B3 and C5 of the Collaborative Research Center 666 "Integral sheet metal design with higher order bifurcations-Development,Production,Evaluation″
文摘The effects of milling parameters on the surface quality,microstructures and mechanical properties of machined parts with ultrafine grained(UFG)gradient microstructures are investigated.The effects of the cutting speed,feed per tooth,cutting tool geometry and cooling strategy are demonstrated.It has been found that the surface quality of machined grooves can be improved by increasing the cutting speed.However,cryogenic cooling with CO_2 exhibits no significant improvement of surface quality.Microstructure and hardness investigations revealed similar microstructure and hardness variations near the machined groove walls for both utilized tool geometries.Therefore,cryogenic cooling can decrease more far-ranging hardness reductions due to high process temperatures,especially in the UFG regions of the machined parts,whilst it cannot prevent the drop in hardness directly at the groove walls.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The paper reveals the relation between the linear AND-OR gate and the emitter function logic. With theoretic calculation and PSPICE simulation, the paper proves that the linear AND-OR gates can work at super-high-speed and can be multi-cascaded. On the basis of analyzing the high-speed switch units which coordinate with linear AND-OR gates, two kinds of emitter coupled logic circuits are designed. The paper also discusses the design principles of super-high-speed digital circuits, and some examples of combinational and sequential circuits using linear AND-OR gate are given.
文摘Accurate classification and prediction of future traffic conditions are essential for developing effective strategies for congestion mitigation on the highway systems. Speed distribution is one of the traffic stream parameters, which has been used to quantify the traffic conditions. Previous studies have shown that multi-modal probability distribution of speeds gives excellent results when simultaneously evaluating congested and free-flow traffic conditions. However, most of these previous analytical studies do not incorporate the influencing factors in characterizing these conditions. This study evaluates the impact of traffic occupancy on the multi-state speed distribution using the Bayesian Dirichlet Process Mixtures of Generalized Linear Models (DPM-GLM). Further, the study estimates the speed cut-point values of traffic states, which separate them into homogeneous groups using Bayesian change-point detection (BCD) technique. The study used 2015 archived one-year traffic data collected on Florida’s Interstate 295 freeway corridor. Information criteria results revealed three traffic states, which were identified as free-flow, transitional flow condition (congestion onset/offset), and the congested condition. The findings of the DPM-GLM indicated that in all estimated states, the traffic speed decreases when traffic occupancy increases. Comparison of the influence of traffic occupancy between traffic states showed that traffic occupancy has more impact on the free-flow and the congested state than on the transitional flow condition. With respect to estimating the threshold speed value, the results of the BCD model revealed promising findings in characterizing levels of traffic congestion.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China(2011CB711100 and 2014CB046801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11072246 and51490673)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KJCX2-EW-L01)
文摘The influences of steady aerodynamic loads on hunting stability of high-speed railway vehicles were investigated in this study.A mechanism is suggested to explain the change of hunting behavior due to actions of aerodynamic loads：the aerodynamic loads can change the position of vehicle system（consequently the contact relations）,the wheel/rail normal contact forces,the gravitational restoring forces/moments and the creep forces/moments.A mathematical model for hunting stability incorporating such influences was developed.A computer program capable of incorporating the effects of aerodynamic loads based on the model was written,and the critical speeds were calculated using this program.The dependences of linear and nonlinear critical speeds on suspension parameters considering aerodynamic loads were analyzed by using the orthogonal test method,the results were also compared with the situations without aerodynamic loads.It is shown that the most dominant factors a ff ecting linear and nonlinear critical speeds are different whether the aerodynamic loads considered or not.The damping of yaw damper is the most dominant influencing factor for linear critical speeds,while the damping of lateral damper is most dominant for nonlinear ones.When the influences of aerodynamic loads are considered,the linear critical speeds decrease with the rise of cross wind velocity,whereas it is not the case for the nonlinear critical speeds.The variation trends of critical speeds with suspension parameters can be significantly changed by aerodynamic loads.Combined actions of aerodynamic loads and suspension parameters also a ff ect the critical speeds.The effects of such joint action are more obvious for nonlinear critical speeds.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50575126)the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dis-sertation of China (200231)
文摘An approach is presented to optimize the surface roughness in high-speed finish milling of 7050- T7451 aeronautical aluminum alloy. In view of this, the multi-linear regression model for surface roughness has been developed in terms of slenderness ratio, cutting speed, radial depth-of-cut and feed per tooth by means of orthogonal experimental design. Variance analyses were applied to check the adequacy of the predictive model and the significances of the independent input parameters. Response contours of surface roughness were generated by using response surface methodology （RSM）. From these contours, it was possible to select an optimum combination of cutting parameters that improves machining efficiency without increasing the surface roughness.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China !(59575063) Provincial Natural Science Foundation
文摘In order to realize high speed machining, the special requirements for feed transmission system of the CNC machine tool have to be satisfied. A high velocity feed unit driven by a induction linear motor is developed. The compositions of the high velocity CNC feed unit and main problems in the unit design are discussed.
文摘This paper deals with a study on the dynamic behavior of 600 km/h wheel-type train propelled by superconducting linear synchronous motor (LSM). This train is of a traditional wheel-on-rail type with traction motors on wheel-bogies. However, for the 600 km/h speed, on the both sides of each vehicle, superconducting LSMs are attached and the ground coils are installed on the guideway. In this case, the guideway irregularities act as disturbance to the vehicle causing deterioration of ride comfort. And besides thrust force, the normal force could be created in superconducting LSM control, which influences vehicle dynamics during running. In this study, to examine the effect of guideway irregularity and normal force on dynamic behavior of proposed train, the vehicle dynamic model is driven and frequency analysis is performed through simulation. The simulation results show that the lateral directional acceleration is mainly influential to ride comfort;however this could be reduced effectively by electromagnetic damping force from linear generator. It is also shown that the normal force effect from superconducting LSM control is limited even though the attractive normal force acts favorably to ride comfort.
文摘In this paper we study one-dimensional Fisher-Kolmogorov equation with density dependent non-linear diffusion. We choose the diffusion as a function of cell density such that it is high in highly cell populated areas and it is small in the regions of fewer cells. The Fisher equation with non-linear diffusion is known as modified Fisher equation. We study the travelling wave solution of modified Fisher equation and find the approximation of minimum wave speed analytically, by using the eigenvalues of the stationary states, and numerically by using COMSOL (a commercial finite element solver). The results reveal that the minimum wave speed depends on the parameter values involved in the model. We observe that when diffusion is moderately non-linear, the eigenvalue method correctly predicts the minimum wave speed in our numerical calculations, but when diffusion is strongly non-linear the eigenvalues method gives the wrong answer.
文摘Predicting wind speed is a complex task that involves analyzing various meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and topography. There are different approaches that can be used to predict wind speed, and a hybrid optimization approach is one of them. In this paper, the hybrid optimization approach combines a multiple linear regression approach with an optimization technique to achieve better results. In the context of wind speed prediction, this hybrid optimization approach can be used to improve the accuracy of existing prediction models. Here, a Grey Wolf Optimizer based Wind Speed Prediction (GWO-WSP) method is proposed. This approach is tested on the 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019 Raw Data files from the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratories and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (GLERL-NOAA) Chicago Metadata Archive. The test results show that the implementation is successful and the approach yields accurate and feasible results. The computation time for execution of the algorithm is also superior compared to the existing methods in literature.
基金Project supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.2014JBM150)
文摘In this paper, the robust output feedback cruise control for high-speed train movement with uncertain parameters is investigated. The dynamic of a high-speed train is modeled by a cascade of cars connected by flexible couplers, which is subject to rolling mechanical resistance, aerodynamic drag and wind gust. Based on Lyapunov＇s stability theory, the sufficient condition for the existence of the robust output feedback cruise control law is given in terms of linear matrix inequalities（LMIs）, under which the high-speed train tracks the desired speed, the relative spring displacement between the two neighboring cars is stable at the equilibrium state, and meanwhile a small prescribed H∞ disturbance attenuation level is guaranteed. One numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
文摘Ocean sound speed profile(SSP) is the key factor affecting acoustic propagation. The acquisition of SSPsin real time with high precision is meaningful for underwater activities. By means of the remote sensing method, thesea surface data could be obtained in near-real time. Typically, the subsurface fields are correlated with the sea surfaceparameters. Thus, the SSPs could be obtained by means of satellite remote sensing. In this paper, the history as wellas the current research over the reconstruction of subsurface fields by means of sea surface data is introduced. Thentwo methods to reconstruct the SSPs with sea surface data, including the linear regression method using the empiricalorthogonal function, and the self-organizing method based on the big data theory, are described in detail in the paper.
文摘This paper proposes an adaptive howling canceller using notch filter and 2-tap linear predictor, where howling consists of a single sinusoidal signal whose magnitude is much greater than other frequency’s magnitudes. The employed 2-tap linear predictor can quickly detect howling due to its high convergence speed. Although the output signal of the 2-tap linear predictor cannot be directly used as one of a howling canceller, we can obtain the frequency of howling from the filter coefficient. We utilize the filter coefficient of the 2-tap linear predictor to design a notch filter which achieves a very narrow elimination band. The designed notch filter removes only howling and retains other desired signals. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive howling canceller can quickly detect and effectively remove howling.
文摘ASIC or FPGA implementation of a finite word-length PID controller requires a double expertise： in control system and hardware design. In this paper, we only focus on the hardware side of the problem. We show how to design configurable fixed-point PIDs to satisfy applications requiring minimal power consumption, or high control-rate, or both together. As multiply operation is the engine of PID, we experienced three algorithms： Booth, modified Booth, and a new recursive multi-bit multiplication algorithm. This later enables the construction of finely grained PID structures with bit-level and unit-time precision. Such a feature permits to tailor the PID to the desired performance and power budget. All PIDs are implemented at register-transfer4evel （RTL） level as technology-independent reusable IP-cores. They are reconfigurable according to two compilemtime constants： set-point word-length and latency. To make PID design easily reproducible, all necessary implementation details are provided and discussed.
