A low-frequency magnetic lightning mapping system(LFM-LMS)was built during the SHAndong Triggered Lightning Experiment(SHATLE),based on continuous measurements of magnetic field radiation from lightning.The hardware a...A low-frequency magnetic lightning mapping system(LFM-LMS)was built during the SHAndong Triggered Lightning Experiment(SHATLE),based on continuous measurements of magnetic field radiation from lightning.The hardware and source-mapping techniques used by the LFM-LMS were introduced;both Monte Carlo simulations and the observation of rocket-triggered lightning examples were employed to examine the location accuracy and detection effectiveness of the LFM-LMS.We estimated that the system’s location accuracy about 100−200 m horizontally and~200 m vertically.A natural intra-cloud lightning flash and a rocket-triggered lightning flash,both with intricate structures and discharging processes,were examined using the three-dimensional mapping results.The progressing path of negative lightning leaders is usually well-defined,and its propagation speed is estimated to be(0.5−1.4)×10^(6)m/s.In summary,the LFM-LMS can reconstruct the three-dimensional morphology of lightning flashes;this technology provides a efficient method for investigating the characteristics of lightning development,as well as the overall electrical strucuture of thunderstorms.展开更多
Thunderstorms are severe convective weather systems generating lightning,which can lead to various catastrophic weather when a large amount of lightning is produced.In the past decade,high spatiotemporal resolution li...Thunderstorms are severe convective weather systems generating lightning,which can lead to various catastrophic weather when a large amount of lightning is produced.In the past decade,high spatiotemporal resolution lightning detection technology has been developed,which has laid a solid foundation for investigating the propagation and development mechanism of lightning as well as associated physical effects.Based on the Doppler dual polarization weather radar and high-resolution numerical models,thunderstorm dynamics,microphysics,electrical processes,and their interactions have been well investigated,and some new insights into the thunderstorm charge distribution and its relation to the thunderstorm structure have been obtained.All these have promoted the lightning forecasting and lightning data assimilation.This paper reviews the recent research progress in detection,mechanism,and forecasting of thunderstorms and lightning in China in the last decade from four aspects:1)high-resolution three-dimensional(3D)lightning mapping technology and application,2)lightning in different thunderstorms and its relationship with cloud dynamics and microphysics,3)observation and simulation of lightning charge structure in thunderstorms,and 4)lightning prediction and lightning data assimilation for thunderstorm forecasting.Major challenges and the cuttingedge research directions in lightning and thunderstorms studies are also highlighted.展开更多
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC1501501)the CAS Project of Stable Support for Youth Team in Basic Research Field(YSRR-018)+3 种基金the Youth Innovation Fund project of the university(WK2080000172)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41875006,U1938115)the Chinese Meridian Projectthe International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(183311KYSB20200003).
文摘A low-frequency magnetic lightning mapping system(LFM-LMS)was built during the SHAndong Triggered Lightning Experiment(SHATLE),based on continuous measurements of magnetic field radiation from lightning.The hardware and source-mapping techniques used by the LFM-LMS were introduced;both Monte Carlo simulations and the observation of rocket-triggered lightning examples were employed to examine the location accuracy and detection effectiveness of the LFM-LMS.We estimated that the system’s location accuracy about 100−200 m horizontally and~200 m vertically.A natural intra-cloud lightning flash and a rocket-triggered lightning flash,both with intricate structures and discharging processes,were examined using the three-dimensional mapping results.The progressing path of negative lightning leaders is usually well-defined,and its propagation speed is estimated to be(0.5−1.4)×10^(6)m/s.In summary,the LFM-LMS can reconstruct the three-dimensional morphology of lightning flashes;this technology provides a efficient method for investigating the characteristics of lightning development,as well as the overall electrical strucuture of thunderstorms.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42230609)Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Leading Science and Technology Project(XDB0760300)。
文摘Thunderstorms are severe convective weather systems generating lightning,which can lead to various catastrophic weather when a large amount of lightning is produced.In the past decade,high spatiotemporal resolution lightning detection technology has been developed,which has laid a solid foundation for investigating the propagation and development mechanism of lightning as well as associated physical effects.Based on the Doppler dual polarization weather radar and high-resolution numerical models,thunderstorm dynamics,microphysics,electrical processes,and their interactions have been well investigated,and some new insights into the thunderstorm charge distribution and its relation to the thunderstorm structure have been obtained.All these have promoted the lightning forecasting and lightning data assimilation.This paper reviews the recent research progress in detection,mechanism,and forecasting of thunderstorms and lightning in China in the last decade from four aspects:1)high-resolution three-dimensional(3D)lightning mapping technology and application,2)lightning in different thunderstorms and its relationship with cloud dynamics and microphysics,3)observation and simulation of lightning charge structure in thunderstorms,and 4)lightning prediction and lightning data assimilation for thunderstorm forecasting.Major challenges and the cuttingedge research directions in lightning and thunderstorms studies are also highlighted.
