The light-sensitive red-root mutant, designated as HG1, was newly observed from an indica rice variety, Nankinkodo, when seedlings were grown with roots exposed to natural light. The root color of the mutant began to ...The light-sensitive red-root mutant, designated as HG1, was newly observed from an indica rice variety, Nankinkodo, when seedlings were grown with roots exposed to natural light. The root color of the mutant began to turn slight-red when the roots were exposed to the light at the intensity of 29 ）Jmol/（m^2·s）, then turned dark-red at the light intensity of 180 pmol/（m^2·s）, suggesting that the root color of the mutant was evidently sensitive to light. Furthermore, genetic analysis showed that the character of light-sensitive red-root of the HG1 mutant was controlled by a single dominant gene, tentatively designated as Lsr. With simple sequence repeat markers, Lsrgene was located between the markers RM252 and RM303 on chromosome 4 with the genetic distances of 9.8 cM and 6.4 cM, respectively. These results could be useful for fine mapping and cloning of Lsrgene in rice.展开更多
The advanced temperature and stress test machine was introduced to determine the early cracking tendency of concrete with inclusion of light-burnt MgO under full restraint by tracking the development of thermal,physic...The advanced temperature and stress test machine was introduced to determine the early cracking tendency of concrete with inclusion of light-burnt MgO under full restraint by tracking the development of thermal,physical and deformation properties.Results showed that light-burnt MgO being incorporated ranging between 4 wt% and 6 wt% of cementitious materials was beneficial to increase the maximum compressive stress and cracking stress of concrete by 0.37 MPa and 0.2 MPa on average respectively.The second zero stress temperature was reduced by 11.4 ℃ and the maximum temperature was slightly reduced while cracking thermal impact was significantly enhanced from 59.8 ℃ to 66.2 ℃.Sensitive anti-cracking coefficient F was forwarded to assess the early cracking tendency of concrete and the inclusion of 4 wt% light-burnt MgO with activity of 109 s ranked the best in crack resistance.展开更多
Several dimethylamino-substituted chalcone (i .e. dimethylaminobenzal acetophenone) (DBA) derivatives with intramolecular charge transfer transition character were used as visible light sensitizers for radical photopo...Several dimethylamino-substituted chalcone (i .e. dimethylaminobenzal acetophenone) (DBA) derivatives with intramolecular charge transfer transition character were used as visible light sensitizers for radical photopolymerization initiated by iodonium salt (DPIO). Initiating radical species is produced from DBA sensitized photolysis of DPIO through the single electron transfer, accompanying the bleaching of DBA, The activity of DBA decreases as a function of substituent attached to phenyl ring in the order: DBA-2 (OCH_3) >DBA-1(H)> DBA-3 (Cl). The kinetic study on photopolymerization of MMA was carried out in CH_3CN solution at 30 ℃ by dilatometry. The polymerization rate was determined to be proportional to the concentration with exponents of 0.42, 0.25 and 0.86 for DPIO, DBA-1 and MMA, respectively.展开更多
The signal processing circuits of position sensitive detector(PSD) with alternating light source are presented.The measuring device of PSD with alternating light source can effectively eliminate the interference made ...The signal processing circuits of position sensitive detector(PSD) with alternating light source are presented.The measuring device of PSD with alternating light source can effectively eliminate the interference made by light noise signal.展开更多
The properties of the polarization sensitized material with the wide possibilities,on the basis of azo-dye doped polymers,are reviewed and analyzed shortly.Some experimental results obtained on these materials in the ...The properties of the polarization sensitized material with the wide possibilities,on the basis of azo-dye doped polymers,are reviewed and analyzed shortly.Some experimental results obtained on these materials in the polarization holography andphotography on the basis of Weigert’s effect are briefly described.In particular,with the help of these materials,the results ofholographic recording and reconstruction of the polarization characteristics of the light field have been significantly improved.Wereobtained holographic diffractive optical elements with the highest diffraction efficiency,such as diffraction gratings and zone plates(Fresnel lenses),which have no analogues among the known ones.Was observed self-recording phenomenon in a dynamicholographic recording and recovery process.The prospects of using the given materials in the photography for obtaining polarimetricimages of various objects,including celestial bodies,were shown.展开更多
In order to clarify the effect of spherical light-weight aggregates addition on properties of A12 07 - Si02 system castables, adopting ATO mullite traditional light-weight aggregates and ATO mullite spherical light-we...In order to clarify the effect of spherical light-weight aggregates addition on properties of A12 07 - Si02 system castables, adopting ATO mullite traditional light-weight aggregates and ATO mullite spherical light-weight aggre- gates, bauxite homogenization powder, microsilica , cal- cium aluminate cement as main raw materials, light- weight Al2 03 - SiO2 system castables were prepared by replacing conventional light-weight aggregate with spherical light-weight aggregates. The effects of spheri- cal light-weight aggregates addition on workability, me- chanical properties of castables after heated at different temperatures were researched; the microstructure of the aggregates was analyzed by SEM. The result shows that the introduction of spherical light-weight aggregates can significantly improve the flowability and reduce the water addition of the castables. Water demand of the castable is reduced from 18% with the conventional light-weight aggregates to 14% with spherical light-weight aggre- gates. In addition, light-weight castables prepared by spherical aggregates can keep the same workability with- in a wider range of water addition. Therefore, spherical aggregates are user-friendly. The introduction of spheri- cal light-weight aggregates is favorable to packing densi- ty and mechanical properties of castables, such as cold crushing strength, cold modulus of rupture, hot modulus of rupture at 1 200℃.展开更多
Dear Editor,Coma, the vegetative state （VS）, and the minimally- conscious state （MCS）, often collectively referred to as disorders of consciousness （DOCs）, typically occur after severe traumatic or non-traumatic...Dear Editor,Coma, the vegetative state （VS）, and the minimally- conscious state （MCS）, often collectively referred to as disorders of consciousness （DOCs）, typically occur after severe traumatic or non-traumatic brain injury [1]. The boundary between awareness and unawareness remains elusive, making it difficult to correctly distinguish MCS from VS patients. It is possible to employ noninvasive neuroimaging techniques, such as functional MRI （fMRI） [2] to assess residual cognitive processing as well as consciousness. However, the causal link between neural activity in specific brain areas and specific behavioral tasks is hard to dissect using fMRI [3]. Therefore, detecting residual cognitive function and consciousness in patients surviving severe brain injury remains extremely challenging.展开更多
Degradation of Japanese lacquer caused by light irradiation was examined at various wavelengths. By exposing lacquer specimens to a narrow monochromatic light band isolated from dispersed polychromatic light emitted b...Degradation of Japanese lacquer caused by light irradiation was examined at various wavelengths. By exposing lacquer specimens to a narrow monochromatic light band isolated from dispersed polychromatic light emitted by a Xe lamp source, the wavelength sensitivity characteristics of lacquer degradation could be determined on the basis of radiant energy. Tame-Urushi (brown) lacquer displayed peak degradation maxima at 220 and 315 nm. A broad shoulder peak was also observed in UVA. For Shu-Urushi (cinnabar) lacquer, in addition to peaks in the UVA–UVB range, a large degree of degradation was observed following exposure to light in the visible range. Ao-Urushi (green) lacquer showed similar characteristics, although it was less prone to degradation. Similarly, Shin-Urushi (black) lacquer showed little change in response to light, although UV light caused limited degradation. These results indicate that along with the damage caused by UVA and UVB, visible light in the range 510 - 650 nm may also have a significant degradation effect. Our results provide experimental evidence that Japanese lacquer responds differently to light of various wavelengths and that specific wavelengths, including visible light, can cause significant degradation.展开更多
The role of oxygen and the generation of active radicals in the photocatalitic degradation of phenol were investigated using the eosin sensitized TiO2 as photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. Diffuse reflecta...The role of oxygen and the generation of active radicals in the photocatalitic degradation of phenol were investigated using the eosin sensitized TiO2 as photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. Diffuse reflectance spectra show that the absorbancy range of eosin/TiO2 is expanded from 378 nm (TiO2 ) to about 600 nm. The photocatalitic degradation of phenol is almost stopped when the eosin/TiO2 system is saturated with N2 , which indicates the significance of O2 . The addition of NaN 3 (a quencher of single oxygen) causes about a 62% decrease in the phenol degradation. The phenol degradation ratio is dropped from 92% to 75% when the isopropanol (a quencher of hydroxyl radical) is present in the system. The experimental results show that there are singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical generated in the eosin/TiO2 system under visible light irradiation. The changes of absorbancy indicate that the hydrogen peroxide might be produced. Through the analysis and comparison, it is found that the singlet oxygen is the predominant active radical for the degradation of phenol.展开更多
Recently ozone is one of natural hazards which comes from cars, industry using ozone for sterilization of organic and inorganic materials and for water purification. So, ozone sensing becomes very important, and conve...Recently ozone is one of natural hazards which comes from cars, industry using ozone for sterilization of organic and inorganic materials and for water purification. So, ozone sensing becomes very important, and convenient and accurate ozone sensor is required. A new high sensitivity ozone sensing system using an deep ultra-violet light emitting diode (DUV-LED) operated at the wavelength of 280 nm has been successfully constructed. The fabrication of diode operated at 280 nm is much easier than that of DUV-LED operated at Hg lamp wavelength of 254 nm. The system is compact and possible to sense the ozone concentration less than 0.1 ppm with an accuracy of 0.5% easily with low power DUV-LED of around 200 micro Watts operated at 280 nm without any data processing circuit.展开更多
AIM: To develop a short,enhanced functional ability Quality of Vision(faVIQ) instrument based on previous questionnaires employing comprehensive modern statistical techniques to ensure the use of an appropriate respon...AIM: To develop a short,enhanced functional ability Quality of Vision(faVIQ) instrument based on previous questionnaires employing comprehensive modern statistical techniques to ensure the use of an appropriate response scale,items and scoring of the visual related difficulties experienced by patients with visual impairment. · METHODS: Items in current quality-of-life questionnaires for the visually impaired were refined by a multi-professional group and visually impaired focus groups. The resulting 76 items were completed by 293 visually impaired patients with stable vision on two occasions separated by a month. The faVIQ scores of 75 patients with no ocular pathology were compared to 75 age and gender matched patients with visual impairment. ·RESULTS: Rasch analysis reduced the faVIQ items to 27. Correlation to standard visual metrics was moderate(r =0.32-0.46) and to the NEI-VFQ was 0.48. The faVIQ was able to clearly discriminate between age and gender matched populations with no ocular pathology and visual impairment with an index of 0.983 and 95% sensitivity and 95% specificity using a cut off of 29.·CONCLUSION: The faVIQ allows sensitive assessment of quality-of-life in the visually impaired and should support studies which evaluate the effectiveness of low vision rehabilitation services.展开更多
Relative light sensitivity (RLS) of HFs was mathematically described as the ratio of two stochastic variables presenting the durations of light sensitive and light insensitive sub-phases of the cycle according to a ne...Relative light sensitivity (RLS) of HFs was mathematically described as the ratio of two stochastic variables presenting the durations of light sensitive and light insensitive sub-phases of the cycle according to a new theory of HF light sensitivity formulated in our previous article (Kruglikov, Am J Cosm Surg, 2012, 29:266 - 272). RLS gives possibility to rank the HFs from different body regions according to their light sensitivities. Application of proposed method for estimation of the light sensitivity of scalp hairs predicts remarkable difference in light sensitivities of HFs in alopecic and non-alopecic patients.展开更多
This paper studies the light scattering and adsorption of nanocrystalline TiO2 porous films used in dye-sensitized solar cells composed of anatase and/or rutile particles by using an optical four-flux radiative transf...This paper studies the light scattering and adsorption of nanocrystalline TiO2 porous films used in dye-sensitized solar cells composed of anatase and/or rutile particles by using an optical four-flux radiative transfer model. These light properties are difficult to measure directly on the functioning solar cells and they can not be calculated easily from the first-principle computational or quantitative theoretical evaluations. These simulation results indicate that the light scattering of 1 25 nm TiO2 particles is negligible, but it is effective in the range of 80 and 180 nm. A suitable mixture of small particles （10 nm radius）, which are resulted in a large effective surface, and of larger particles （150 nm radius）, which are effective light scatterers, have the potential to enhance solar absorption significantly. The futile crystals have a larger refractive index and thus the light harvest of the mixtures of such larger rutile and relatively small anatase particles is improved in comparison with that of pure anatase films. The light absorption of the 10μm double-layered films is also examined. A maximal light absorption of double-layered film is gotten when the thickness of the first layer of 10 urn-sized anatase particles is comparable to that of the second larger rutile layer.展开更多
The dye-sensitized TiO2 method is one of the most promising methods for the visible-light-induced detoxification of pollutants. The reaction mechanism for photocatalytic degradation of orange II (OII) and rhodamine B ...The dye-sensitized TiO2 method is one of the most promising methods for the visible-light-induced detoxification of pollutants. The reaction mechanism for photocatalytic degradation of orange II (OII) and rhodamine B (RhB) with self-sensitized TiO2 under visible light irradiation (λ > 400 nm) has been evaluated. Radical scavenger studies were carried out to investigate the active species involved in the photodegradation of 5 mg/L of initial concentration of OII and RhB at room temperature. The trapping effects of different scavengers results proved that the oxidation of OII and RhB mainly occurred by the direct oxidization of h+ and ·O2- radicals, while the ·OH radicals played only a relatively minor role in the direct oxidization process.展开更多
Carbon dots(Cdots)with a broad light absorption range could be a potential stable sensitizer for TiO2,which is an excellent ultraviolet(UV)response photocatalyst.Herein,we systematically investigated the different col...Carbon dots(Cdots)with a broad light absorption range could be a potential stable sensitizer for TiO2,which is an excellent ultraviolet(UV)response photocatalyst.Herein,we systematically investigated the different color emissive Cdots-sensitized TiO2 for H2 production.Firstly,all kinds of Cdots enhanced the photocatalytic properties of TiO2.All the Cdots-sensitized TiO2 exhibits visible light H2 production due to their absorption in the visible light region.The photocurrent and H2 production amount display strong dependence on the light absorption range of Cdots.The blue-emissive Cdots endow the weak H2 production rate due to its weak absorption in the visible light.The enhanced photocatalytic activities are mainly contributed to the strong light absorbance and high-efficient charge separation.The light absorption of green-and red-emissive Cdots is another main factor for the high catalytic activities besides charge separation.展开更多
The scarab beetle, Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky（Coleoptera： Scarabaeoidea）, is a widespread and destructive pest in China. Vision is one of the most important means of acquiring information about the external env...The scarab beetle, Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky（Coleoptera： Scarabaeoidea）, is a widespread and destructive pest in China. Vision is one of the most important means of acquiring information about the external environment. In order to contribute to the understanding of the perception of visual stimuli in this species, the light sensitivity and spectral responses of the scarab beetle, A. corpulenta, were measured by using an electroretinogram（ERG） technique. In total, 14 monochromatic light intensities, between 340 and 605 nm, were applied to the compound eyes of A. corpulenta under varying levels of adaptation to dark and light conditions. The results showed that all light stimuli induced an ERG response, with varied amplitudes. The spectral sensitivity curve of dark-adapted eyes showed one major peak（~400 nm; near-ultraviolet）, a secondary peak（from 498 to 562 nm; yellow-green） and the third peakat 460 nm. By contrast, in light-adapted eyes, only a near-UV peak was observed. From these results, we conclude that the compound eye of A. corpulenta is likely to have at least three spectral types of photoreceptor. Significance of differences were also recorded in the responses of male and female compound eyes, as well as diurnally and nocturnally. The amplitude of ERG in response to white-light stimuli varied with the light intensity： The stronger the luminance, the higher the ERG value. This suggests that the compound eye of A. corpulenta adapts quickly to changing light conditions, enabling A. corpulenta to maintain nocturnal activities.展开更多
Background and Objective: The sensitivity and accuracy of white light bronchoscopy (WLB) in airway examination are low. Autofluorescence bronchoscope (AFB) can determine early lesions in bronchial mucosa more sensitiv...Background and Objective: The sensitivity and accuracy of white light bronchoscopy (WLB) in airway examination are low. Autofluorescence bronchoscope (AFB) can determine early lesions in bronchial mucosa more sensitively, but it has seldom performed in China. To assess the clinical value of the AFB in airway examination, we compared the sensitivity and specificity of the AFB and WLB in detecting cancer of the airway mucosa. Methods: Between September 2009 and May 2010, bronchoscope examinations using both the AFB and WLB were performed on 136 patients, 95 men and 41 women with a median age of 61.5 years (ranged from 25 to 84 years). There were 46 lesions located in the central airway, 84 in the peripheral lung parenchyma, and 6 in the mediastinal region. All patients received local and general anesthesia and were subsequently examined with the WLB and AFB in tandem. All procedures were completed safely. Abnormal visual findings were recorded, and biopsies of the affected regions were collected for pathologic examination. Results: Of 241 regions sampled for biopsy, 76 sites contained malignant lesions, whereas 165 sites contained benign lesions. The AFB detected 72 of the 76 malignant lesions, but the WLB detected only 50. The sensitivities of the AFB and WLB were 94.7% and 65.8%, respectively, and the specificities were 57.0% and 83.6%, respectively. The negative predictive values of the AFB and WLB were 95.9% and 84.1%, respectively. Conclusions: The AFB is more sensitive than the WLB in detecting cancerous lesions in the mucosa, and is an effective airway examination.展开更多
Static strength finite element analysis was conducted to decrease the weight of a skeleton vehicle＇s frame. Results indicated that the maximum stress occurs on the front beam ＇s variable section area. Dynamic sensit...Static strength finite element analysis was conducted to decrease the weight of a skeleton vehicle＇s frame. Results indicated that the maximum stress occurs on the front beam ＇s variable section area. Dynamic sensitivity analysis elucidated the relationship between the maximum stress and the thickness of a particular beam,e. g.,top,middle,and bottom beam. Displacement was analyzed by the key part that influenced the maximum stress. Finally,the new plan using BS960 super-high-strength beam steel and the preferred beam thickness was compared with the original plan. New combinations of beam thickness were introduced on the basis of different purposes; the maximum responding light w eight ratio was 21%.展开更多
Light is essential for embryonic development in many ovipa rous animals including fish,amphibians,and birds.However,light may be harmful for reptile embryos developing underground where they are in complete darkness a...Light is essential for embryonic development in many ovipa rous animals including fish,amphibians,and birds.However,light may be harmful for reptile embryos developing underground where they are in complete darkness and beneath thin eggshells.Nonetheless,how embryonic light conditions affect reptile development and offspring remains largely unknown.Here we incubated eggs in dark and light conditions to determine the effects of light exposure on embryonic development and offspring visual ability,spa tial cognitive ability and growth in a lacertid lizard,Eremias argus.Our experiments demonstrated that light stimulation shortened incubation duration of eggs,but did not affect hatching success,offspring size,visual ability or survival More interestingly,light exposure during incuba tion decreased spa tial cognitive ability and post-hatching growth of offspring On the basis of nega tive effects on offspring growth rates,our study indicates that in squamate reptiles with thin eggshells,light exposure in early development has negative effects on offspring cognitive ability.展开更多
基金supported by the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission of China (Grant No. 06ZZ21)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission of China (Grant Nos. 06PJ14074, 075405117 and 08PJ14085)the 948 Program from Ministry of Agriculture, China (Grant No. 2006-G1)
文摘The light-sensitive red-root mutant, designated as HG1, was newly observed from an indica rice variety, Nankinkodo, when seedlings were grown with roots exposed to natural light. The root color of the mutant began to turn slight-red when the roots were exposed to the light at the intensity of 29 ）Jmol/（m^2·s）, then turned dark-red at the light intensity of 180 pmol/（m^2·s）, suggesting that the root color of the mutant was evidently sensitive to light. Furthermore, genetic analysis showed that the character of light-sensitive red-root of the HG1 mutant was controlled by a single dominant gene, tentatively designated as Lsr. With simple sequence repeat markers, Lsrgene was located between the markers RM252 and RM303 on chromosome 4 with the genetic distances of 9.8 cM and 6.4 cM, respectively. These results could be useful for fine mapping and cloning of Lsrgene in rice.
基金Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50539010)China Central Non-profit Research Funds of MWR(Nos.200901066,YWF0907)
文摘The advanced temperature and stress test machine was introduced to determine the early cracking tendency of concrete with inclusion of light-burnt MgO under full restraint by tracking the development of thermal,physical and deformation properties.Results showed that light-burnt MgO being incorporated ranging between 4 wt% and 6 wt% of cementitious materials was beneficial to increase the maximum compressive stress and cracking stress of concrete by 0.37 MPa and 0.2 MPa on average respectively.The second zero stress temperature was reduced by 11.4 ℃ and the maximum temperature was slightly reduced while cracking thermal impact was significantly enhanced from 59.8 ℃ to 66.2 ℃.Sensitive anti-cracking coefficient F was forwarded to assess the early cracking tendency of concrete and the inclusion of 4 wt% light-burnt MgO with activity of 109 s ranked the best in crack resistance.
文摘Several dimethylamino-substituted chalcone (i .e. dimethylaminobenzal acetophenone) (DBA) derivatives with intramolecular charge transfer transition character were used as visible light sensitizers for radical photopolymerization initiated by iodonium salt (DPIO). Initiating radical species is produced from DBA sensitized photolysis of DPIO through the single electron transfer, accompanying the bleaching of DBA, The activity of DBA decreases as a function of substituent attached to phenyl ring in the order: DBA-2 (OCH_3) >DBA-1(H)> DBA-3 (Cl). The kinetic study on photopolymerization of MMA was carried out in CH_3CN solution at 30 ℃ by dilatometry. The polymerization rate was determined to be proportional to the concentration with exponents of 0.42, 0.25 and 0.86 for DPIO, DBA-1 and MMA, respectively.
文摘The signal processing circuits of position sensitive detector(PSD) with alternating light source are presented.The measuring device of PSD with alternating light source can effectively eliminate the interference made by light noise signal.
文摘The properties of the polarization sensitized material with the wide possibilities,on the basis of azo-dye doped polymers,are reviewed and analyzed shortly.Some experimental results obtained on these materials in the polarization holography andphotography on the basis of Weigert’s effect are briefly described.In particular,with the help of these materials,the results ofholographic recording and reconstruction of the polarization characteristics of the light field have been significantly improved.Wereobtained holographic diffractive optical elements with the highest diffraction efficiency,such as diffraction gratings and zone plates(Fresnel lenses),which have no analogues among the known ones.Was observed self-recording phenomenon in a dynamicholographic recording and recovery process.The prospects of using the given materials in the photography for obtaining polarimetricimages of various objects,including celestial bodies,were shown.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51402089)
文摘In order to clarify the effect of spherical light-weight aggregates addition on properties of A12 07 - Si02 system castables, adopting ATO mullite traditional light-weight aggregates and ATO mullite spherical light-weight aggre- gates, bauxite homogenization powder, microsilica , cal- cium aluminate cement as main raw materials, light- weight Al2 03 - SiO2 system castables were prepared by replacing conventional light-weight aggregate with spherical light-weight aggregates. The effects of spheri- cal light-weight aggregates addition on workability, me- chanical properties of castables after heated at different temperatures were researched; the microstructure of the aggregates was analyzed by SEM. The result shows that the introduction of spherical light-weight aggregates can significantly improve the flowability and reduce the water addition of the castables. Water demand of the castable is reduced from 18% with the conventional light-weight aggregates to 14% with spherical light-weight aggre- gates. In addition, light-weight castables prepared by spherical aggregates can keep the same workability with- in a wider range of water addition. Therefore, spherical aggregates are user-friendly. The introduction of spheri- cal light-weight aggregates is favorable to packing densi- ty and mechanical properties of castables, such as cold crushing strength, cold modulus of rupture, hot modulus of rupture at 1 200℃.
基金supported by the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2015A030313609)the Guangzhou Municipal Project for Science and Technology Foundation(201508020253)
文摘Dear Editor,Coma, the vegetative state （VS）, and the minimally- conscious state （MCS）, often collectively referred to as disorders of consciousness （DOCs）, typically occur after severe traumatic or non-traumatic brain injury [1]. The boundary between awareness and unawareness remains elusive, making it difficult to correctly distinguish MCS from VS patients. It is possible to employ noninvasive neuroimaging techniques, such as functional MRI （fMRI） [2] to assess residual cognitive processing as well as consciousness. However, the causal link between neural activity in specific brain areas and specific behavioral tasks is hard to dissect using fMRI [3]. Therefore, detecting residual cognitive function and consciousness in patients surviving severe brain injury remains extremely challenging.
文摘Degradation of Japanese lacquer caused by light irradiation was examined at various wavelengths. By exposing lacquer specimens to a narrow monochromatic light band isolated from dispersed polychromatic light emitted by a Xe lamp source, the wavelength sensitivity characteristics of lacquer degradation could be determined on the basis of radiant energy. Tame-Urushi (brown) lacquer displayed peak degradation maxima at 220 and 315 nm. A broad shoulder peak was also observed in UVA. For Shu-Urushi (cinnabar) lacquer, in addition to peaks in the UVA–UVB range, a large degree of degradation was observed following exposure to light in the visible range. Ao-Urushi (green) lacquer showed similar characteristics, although it was less prone to degradation. Similarly, Shin-Urushi (black) lacquer showed little change in response to light, although UV light caused limited degradation. These results indicate that along with the damage caused by UVA and UVB, visible light in the range 510 - 650 nm may also have a significant degradation effect. Our results provide experimental evidence that Japanese lacquer responds differently to light of various wavelengths and that specific wavelengths, including visible light, can cause significant degradation.
基金Project(8451063201001261) supported by the Guangdong Natural Science Fund Committee,ChinaProject(LYM08022) supported by the Foundation for Distinguished Young Talents in Higher Education of Guangdong,China+1 种基金Project (2007A032400001, 2008A030202010) supported by the Scientific and Technological Planning of Guangdong Province,ChinaProject(216113132) supported by the Scientific Research Cultivation and Innovation Fund, Jinan University,China
文摘The role of oxygen and the generation of active radicals in the photocatalitic degradation of phenol were investigated using the eosin sensitized TiO2 as photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. Diffuse reflectance spectra show that the absorbancy range of eosin/TiO2 is expanded from 378 nm (TiO2 ) to about 600 nm. The photocatalitic degradation of phenol is almost stopped when the eosin/TiO2 system is saturated with N2 , which indicates the significance of O2 . The addition of NaN 3 (a quencher of single oxygen) causes about a 62% decrease in the phenol degradation. The phenol degradation ratio is dropped from 92% to 75% when the isopropanol (a quencher of hydroxyl radical) is present in the system. The experimental results show that there are singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical generated in the eosin/TiO2 system under visible light irradiation. The changes of absorbancy indicate that the hydrogen peroxide might be produced. Through the analysis and comparison, it is found that the singlet oxygen is the predominant active radical for the degradation of phenol.
文摘Recently ozone is one of natural hazards which comes from cars, industry using ozone for sterilization of organic and inorganic materials and for water purification. So, ozone sensing becomes very important, and convenient and accurate ozone sensor is required. A new high sensitivity ozone sensing system using an deep ultra-violet light emitting diode (DUV-LED) operated at the wavelength of 280 nm has been successfully constructed. The fabrication of diode operated at 280 nm is much easier than that of DUV-LED operated at Hg lamp wavelength of 254 nm. The system is compact and possible to sense the ozone concentration less than 0.1 ppm with an accuracy of 0.5% easily with low power DUV-LED of around 200 micro Watts operated at 280 nm without any data processing circuit.
基金Supported by the Royal National Institute of the Blind,UK(No.226227)
文摘AIM: To develop a short,enhanced functional ability Quality of Vision(faVIQ) instrument based on previous questionnaires employing comprehensive modern statistical techniques to ensure the use of an appropriate response scale,items and scoring of the visual related difficulties experienced by patients with visual impairment. · METHODS: Items in current quality-of-life questionnaires for the visually impaired were refined by a multi-professional group and visually impaired focus groups. The resulting 76 items were completed by 293 visually impaired patients with stable vision on two occasions separated by a month. The faVIQ scores of 75 patients with no ocular pathology were compared to 75 age and gender matched patients with visual impairment. ·RESULTS: Rasch analysis reduced the faVIQ items to 27. Correlation to standard visual metrics was moderate(r =0.32-0.46) and to the NEI-VFQ was 0.48. The faVIQ was able to clearly discriminate between age and gender matched populations with no ocular pathology and visual impairment with an index of 0.983 and 95% sensitivity and 95% specificity using a cut off of 29.·CONCLUSION: The faVIQ allows sensitive assessment of quality-of-life in the visually impaired and should support studies which evaluate the effectiveness of low vision rehabilitation services.
文摘Relative light sensitivity (RLS) of HFs was mathematically described as the ratio of two stochastic variables presenting the durations of light sensitive and light insensitive sub-phases of the cycle according to a new theory of HF light sensitivity formulated in our previous article (Kruglikov, Am J Cosm Surg, 2012, 29:266 - 272). RLS gives possibility to rank the HFs from different body regions according to their light sensitivities. Application of proposed method for estimation of the light sensitivity of scalp hairs predicts remarkable difference in light sensitivities of HFs in alopecic and non-alopecic patients.
基金Project supported by the Program of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grant No 03DZ12032)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University in China (Grant No NCET-04-0406)
文摘This paper studies the light scattering and adsorption of nanocrystalline TiO2 porous films used in dye-sensitized solar cells composed of anatase and/or rutile particles by using an optical four-flux radiative transfer model. These light properties are difficult to measure directly on the functioning solar cells and they can not be calculated easily from the first-principle computational or quantitative theoretical evaluations. These simulation results indicate that the light scattering of 1 25 nm TiO2 particles is negligible, but it is effective in the range of 80 and 180 nm. A suitable mixture of small particles （10 nm radius）, which are resulted in a large effective surface, and of larger particles （150 nm radius）, which are effective light scatterers, have the potential to enhance solar absorption significantly. The futile crystals have a larger refractive index and thus the light harvest of the mixtures of such larger rutile and relatively small anatase particles is improved in comparison with that of pure anatase films. The light absorption of the 10μm double-layered films is also examined. A maximal light absorption of double-layered film is gotten when the thickness of the first layer of 10 urn-sized anatase particles is comparable to that of the second larger rutile layer.
文摘The dye-sensitized TiO2 method is one of the most promising methods for the visible-light-induced detoxification of pollutants. The reaction mechanism for photocatalytic degradation of orange II (OII) and rhodamine B (RhB) with self-sensitized TiO2 under visible light irradiation (λ > 400 nm) has been evaluated. Radical scavenger studies were carried out to investigate the active species involved in the photodegradation of 5 mg/L of initial concentration of OII and RhB at room temperature. The trapping effects of different scavengers results proved that the oxidation of OII and RhB mainly occurred by the direct oxidization of h+ and ·O2- radicals, while the ·OH radicals played only a relatively minor role in the direct oxidization process.
基金financially supported by the Beijing Municipal High Level Innovative Team Building Program (No. IDHT20180504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21805004, 21671011, 21872001 and 51801006)+3 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. KZ201710005002 and 2192005)the Natural Science Foundation of the Beijing Municipal Education Committee, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2018M641133)Beijing Postdoctoral Research Foundation (No. 2018-ZZ-021)Chaoyang District Postdoctoral Research Foundation (No. 2018-ZZ-026)
文摘Carbon dots(Cdots)with a broad light absorption range could be a potential stable sensitizer for TiO2,which is an excellent ultraviolet(UV)response photocatalyst.Herein,we systematically investigated the different color emissive Cdots-sensitized TiO2 for H2 production.Firstly,all kinds of Cdots enhanced the photocatalytic properties of TiO2.All the Cdots-sensitized TiO2 exhibits visible light H2 production due to their absorption in the visible light region.The photocurrent and H2 production amount display strong dependence on the light absorption range of Cdots.The blue-emissive Cdots endow the weak H2 production rate due to its weak absorption in the visible light.The enhanced photocatalytic activities are mainly contributed to the strong light absorbance and high-efficient charge separation.The light absorption of green-and red-emissive Cdots is another main factor for the high catalytic activities besides charge separation.
基金supported by the China Agricultural Research Stem (CARS-03)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in Public Interest,China (201003025)
文摘The scarab beetle, Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky（Coleoptera： Scarabaeoidea）, is a widespread and destructive pest in China. Vision is one of the most important means of acquiring information about the external environment. In order to contribute to the understanding of the perception of visual stimuli in this species, the light sensitivity and spectral responses of the scarab beetle, A. corpulenta, were measured by using an electroretinogram（ERG） technique. In total, 14 monochromatic light intensities, between 340 and 605 nm, were applied to the compound eyes of A. corpulenta under varying levels of adaptation to dark and light conditions. The results showed that all light stimuli induced an ERG response, with varied amplitudes. The spectral sensitivity curve of dark-adapted eyes showed one major peak（~400 nm; near-ultraviolet）, a secondary peak（from 498 to 562 nm; yellow-green） and the third peakat 460 nm. By contrast, in light-adapted eyes, only a near-UV peak was observed. From these results, we conclude that the compound eye of A. corpulenta is likely to have at least three spectral types of photoreceptor. Significance of differences were also recorded in the responses of male and female compound eyes, as well as diurnally and nocturnally. The amplitude of ERG in response to white-light stimuli varied with the light intensity： The stronger the luminance, the higher the ERG value. This suggests that the compound eye of A. corpulenta adapts quickly to changing light conditions, enabling A. corpulenta to maintain nocturnal activities.
文摘Background and Objective: The sensitivity and accuracy of white light bronchoscopy (WLB) in airway examination are low. Autofluorescence bronchoscope (AFB) can determine early lesions in bronchial mucosa more sensitively, but it has seldom performed in China. To assess the clinical value of the AFB in airway examination, we compared the sensitivity and specificity of the AFB and WLB in detecting cancer of the airway mucosa. Methods: Between September 2009 and May 2010, bronchoscope examinations using both the AFB and WLB were performed on 136 patients, 95 men and 41 women with a median age of 61.5 years (ranged from 25 to 84 years). There were 46 lesions located in the central airway, 84 in the peripheral lung parenchyma, and 6 in the mediastinal region. All patients received local and general anesthesia and were subsequently examined with the WLB and AFB in tandem. All procedures were completed safely. Abnormal visual findings were recorded, and biopsies of the affected regions were collected for pathologic examination. Results: Of 241 regions sampled for biopsy, 76 sites contained malignant lesions, whereas 165 sites contained benign lesions. The AFB detected 72 of the 76 malignant lesions, but the WLB detected only 50. The sensitivities of the AFB and WLB were 94.7% and 65.8%, respectively, and the specificities were 57.0% and 83.6%, respectively. The negative predictive values of the AFB and WLB were 95.9% and 84.1%, respectively. Conclusions: The AFB is more sensitive than the WLB in detecting cancerous lesions in the mucosa, and is an effective airway examination.
文摘Static strength finite element analysis was conducted to decrease the weight of a skeleton vehicle＇s frame. Results indicated that the maximum stress occurs on the front beam ＇s variable section area. Dynamic sensitivity analysis elucidated the relationship between the maximum stress and the thickness of a particular beam,e. g.,top,middle,and bottom beam. Displacement was analyzed by the key part that influenced the maximum stress. Finally,the new plan using BS960 super-high-strength beam steel and the preferred beam thickness was compared with the original plan. New combinations of beam thickness were introduced on the basis of different purposes; the maximum responding light w eight ratio was 21%.
基金We thank Tingting WANG,Yige CHEN and Peng CAO for assistance.AIll procedures were performed under the approval(IOZ14001)from the Animal Ethics Comittee at the Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences Funding was provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31500324 for Baojun SUN and 31801977 for Shuran LI).
文摘Light is essential for embryonic development in many ovipa rous animals including fish,amphibians,and birds.However,light may be harmful for reptile embryos developing underground where they are in complete darkness and beneath thin eggshells.Nonetheless,how embryonic light conditions affect reptile development and offspring remains largely unknown.Here we incubated eggs in dark and light conditions to determine the effects of light exposure on embryonic development and offspring visual ability,spa tial cognitive ability and growth in a lacertid lizard,Eremias argus.Our experiments demonstrated that light stimulation shortened incubation duration of eggs,but did not affect hatching success,offspring size,visual ability or survival More interestingly,light exposure during incuba tion decreased spa tial cognitive ability and post-hatching growth of offspring On the basis of nega tive effects on offspring growth rates,our study indicates that in squamate reptiles with thin eggshells,light exposure in early development has negative effects on offspring cognitive ability.
