The discovery of ＂twin quasi-stellar objects＂ arose interests among astronomers and astrophysicists to study gravitational leasing problem. Deviation of light from straight path is caused by the presence of massive ...The discovery of ＂twin quasi-stellar objects＂ arose interests among astronomers and astrophysicists to study gravitational leasing problem. Deviation of light from straight path is caused by the presence of massive objects, i.e., the presence of gravitational field according to the general theory of relativity. It is shown that the low energy effective field theory on D-branes is of the Born-Infeld type. In this work a Born-Infeld type gravitational field is pasttflated. An explicit representation of the angular deviation of light path is derived based on the space time metric in the Born-Infeld theory.展开更多
The accurate monitoring of optical thin-film thickness is a key technique for depositing optical thin-film. For existing coating equipments, which are low precision and automation level on monitoring thin-film thickne...The accurate monitoring of optical thin-film thickness is a key technique for depositing optical thin-film. For existing coating equipments, which are low precision and automation level on monitoring thin-film thickness, a new photoelectric control and analysis system has been developed. In the new system, main techniques include a photoelectric system with dual-light path, a dual-lock-phase circuit system and a comprehensive digital processing-control-analysis system.The test results of new system show that the static and dynamic stabilities and the control precision of thin-film thickness are extremely increased. The standard deviation of thin-film thickness, which indicates the duplication of thin-film thickness monitoring, is equal to or less than 0.72%. The display resolution limit on reflectivity is 0.02 %. In the system, the linearity of drift is very high, and the static drift ratio approaches zero.展开更多
In this paper, we study the estimation variance of a set of global illumination algorithms based on indirect light path reuse. These algorithms usually contain two passes -- in the first pass, a small number of indire...In this paper, we study the estimation variance of a set of global illumination algorithms based on indirect light path reuse. These algorithms usually contain two passes -- in the first pass, a small number of indirect light samples are generated and evaluated, and they are then reused by a large number of reconstruction samples in the second pass. Our analysis shows that the covariance of the reconstruction samples dominates the estimation variance under high reconstruction rates and increasing the reconstruction rate cannot effectively reduce the covariance. We also find that the covariance represents to what degree the indirect light samples are reused during reconstruction. This analysis motivates us to design a heuristic approximating the covariance as well as an adaptive sampling scheme based on this heuristic to reduce the rendering variance. We validate our analysis and adaptive sampling scheme in the indirect light field reconstruction algorithm and the axis-aligned filtering algorithm for indirect lighting. Experiments are in accordance with our analysis and show that rendering artifacts can be greatly reduced at a similar computational cost.展开更多
In a recent paper we have studied the Hamiltonian and path integral quantizations of the conformally gauge-fixed Polyakov D1 brane action in the instant-form of dynamics using the equal world-sheet time framework on t...In a recent paper we have studied the Hamiltonian and path integral quantizations of the conformally gauge-fixed Polyakov D1 brane action in the instant-form of dynamics using the equal world-sheet time framework on the hyperplanes defined by the world- sheet time . In the present work we quantize the same theory in the equal light-cone world-sheet time framework, on the hyperplanes of the light-front defined by the light-cone world-sheet time , using the standard constraint quantization techniques in the Hamiltonian and path integral formulations. The light-front theory is seen to be a constrained system in the sense of Dirac, which is in contrast to the corresponding case of the instant-form theory, where the theory remains unconstrained in the sense of Dirac. The light-front theory is seen to possess a set of twenty six primary second-class contraints. In the present work Hamiltonian and path integral quantizations of this theory are studied on the light-front.展开更多
In the present work we study the Hamiltonian, path integral and BRST formulations of the Chern-Simons-Higgs theory in two-space one-time dimensions, in the so-called broken symmetry phase of the Higgs potential (where...In the present work we study the Hamiltonian, path integral and BRST formulations of the Chern-Simons-Higgs theory in two-space one-time dimensions, in the so-called broken symmetry phase of the Higgs potential (where the phase φ(xμ) of the complex matter field Φ(xμ) carries the charge degree of freedom of the complex matter field and is akin to the Goldstone boson) on the light-front (i.e., on the hyperplanes defined by the fixed light-cone time). The theory is seen to possess a set of first-class constraints and the local vector gauge symmetry. The theory being gauge-invariant is quantized under appropriate gauge-fixing conditions. The explicit Hamiltonian and path integral quantization is achieved under the above light-cone gauges. The Heisenberg equations of motion of the system are derived for the physical degrees of freedom of the system. Finally the BRST quantization of the system is achieved under appropriate BRST gauge-fixing, where the BRST symmetry is maintained even under the BRST light-cone gauge-fixing.展开更多
Recently we have studied the instant-form quantization (IFQ) of the conformally gauge-fixed Polyakov D1 brane action with and without a scalar dilaton field using the Hamiltonian and path integral formulations in the ...Recently we have studied the instant-form quantization (IFQ) of the conformally gauge-fixed Polyakov D1 brane action with and without a scalar dilaton field using the Hamiltonian and path integral formulations in the equal world-sheet time framework on the hyperplanes defined by the world- sheet time σ0=τ=constant . The light-front quantization (LFQ) of this theory without a scalar dilaton field has also been studied by us recently. In the present work we study the LFQ of this theory in the equal light-cone world-sheet time framework, on the hyperplanes of the light-front defined by the light-cone world-sheet time σ+=τ+σ=constant , using the Hamiltonian and path integral formulations. The light-front theory is seen to be a constrained system in the sense of Dirac. The light-front theory is seen to possess a set of twenty seven primary second-class contraints. In the present work Hamiltonian and path integral quantizations of this theory are studied on the light-front.展开更多
Recently we have studied the instant-form quantization (IFQ) and the light-front quantization (LFQ) of the conformally gauge-fixed Polyakov D1 brane action using the Hamiltonian and path integral formulations. The IFQ...Recently we have studied the instant-form quantization (IFQ) and the light-front quantization (LFQ) of the conformally gauge-fixed Polyakov D1 brane action using the Hamiltonian and path integral formulations. The IFQ is studied in the equal world-sheet time framework on the hyperplanes defined by the world-sheet time σ0=τ=constant and the LFQ in the equal light-cone world-sheet time framework, on the hyperplanes of the light-front defined by the light-cone world-sheet time σ+= (τ+σ) =constant. The light-front theory is seen to be a constrained system in the sense of Dirac in contrast to the instant-form theory. However, owing to the gauge anomalous nature of these theories, both of these theories are seen to lack the usual string gauge symmetries defined by the world-sheet reparametrization invariance (WSRI) and the Weyl invariance (WI). In the present work we show that these theories when considered in the presence of background gauge fields such as the NSNS 2-form gauge field Bαβ(σ,τ) or in the presence of U(1) gauge field Aα(σ,τ) and the constant scalar axion field C(σ,τ), then they are seen to possess the usual string gauge symmetries (WSRI and WI). In fact, these background gauge fields are seen to behave as the Wess-Zumino or Stueckelberg fields and the terms containing these fields are seen to behave as Wess-Zumino or Stueckelberg terms for these theories.展开更多
The Chern-Simons theory in two-space one-time dimensions is quantized on the light-front under appropriate gauge-fixing conditions using the Hamiltonian, path integral and BRST formulations.
In this paper, the light trapping characteristics of glass substrate with hemisphere pit （HP） arrays in thin film Si solar cells are theoretically studied via a numerical approach. It is found that the HP glass subs...In this paper, the light trapping characteristics of glass substrate with hemisphere pit （HP） arrays in thin film Si solar cells are theoretically studied via a numerical approach. It is found that the HP glass substrate has good antireflection properties. Its surface reflectance can be reduced by - 50% compared with planar glass. The HP arrays can make the unabsorbed light return to the absorbing layer of solar cells, and the ratio of second absorption approximately equals 30%. Thus, the glass substrate with the hemisphere pit arrays （HP glass） can effectively reduce the total reflectivity of a solar celt from 20% to 13%. The lip glass can also prolong the optical path length. The numerical results show that the total optical path length of the thin film Si solar cell covered with the HP glass increases from 2ω to 409. These results are basically consistent with the experimental results.展开更多
The infrared absorption method for methane concentration detection is an ideal way to detect methane at present. However, it is difficult to spread this method due to its high cost. In this paper, by using a wideband ...The infrared absorption method for methane concentration detection is an ideal way to detect methane at present. However, it is difficult to spread this method due to its high cost. In this paper, by using a wideband infrared light emitting di- ode （LED） accompanied with a PIN photo electric diode, a low-cost methane detection system was designed. To overcome the shortcomings caused by the wide working band, a differential light path was designed. By means of a differential ratio algo- rithm, the stability and the accuracy of the system were guaranteed. Finally, the validity of the system with the proposed algo- rithm was verified by the experiment results.展开更多
文摘The discovery of ＂twin quasi-stellar objects＂ arose interests among astronomers and astrophysicists to study gravitational leasing problem. Deviation of light from straight path is caused by the presence of massive objects, i.e., the presence of gravitational field according to the general theory of relativity. It is shown that the low energy effective field theory on D-branes is of the Born-Infeld type. In this work a Born-Infeld type gravitational field is pasttflated. An explicit representation of the angular deviation of light path is derived based on the space time metric in the Born-Infeld theory.
基金Sponsored by the Ordnance Industry Scientific Research Fund(ZZ9682-3).
文摘The accurate monitoring of optical thin-film thickness is a key technique for depositing optical thin-film. For existing coating equipments, which are low precision and automation level on monitoring thin-film thickness, a new photoelectric control and analysis system has been developed. In the new system, main techniques include a photoelectric system with dual-light path, a dual-lock-phase circuit system and a comprehensive digital processing-control-analysis system.The test results of new system show that the static and dynamic stabilities and the control precision of thin-film thickness are extremely increased. The standard deviation of thin-film thickness, which indicates the duplication of thin-film thickness monitoring, is equal to or less than 0.72%. The display resolution limit on reflectivity is 0.02 %. In the system, the linearity of drift is very high, and the static drift ratio approaches zero.
基金This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 61472352, 61379070, and 61272305, and the National High Technology Research and Development 863 Program of China under Grant No. 2012AA010903.
文摘In this paper, we study the estimation variance of a set of global illumination algorithms based on indirect light path reuse. These algorithms usually contain two passes -- in the first pass, a small number of indirect light samples are generated and evaluated, and they are then reused by a large number of reconstruction samples in the second pass. Our analysis shows that the covariance of the reconstruction samples dominates the estimation variance under high reconstruction rates and increasing the reconstruction rate cannot effectively reduce the covariance. We also find that the covariance represents to what degree the indirect light samples are reused during reconstruction. This analysis motivates us to design a heuristic approximating the covariance as well as an adaptive sampling scheme based on this heuristic to reduce the rendering variance. We validate our analysis and adaptive sampling scheme in the indirect light field reconstruction algorithm and the axis-aligned filtering algorithm for indirect lighting. Experiments are in accordance with our analysis and show that rendering artifacts can be greatly reduced at a similar computational cost.
文摘In a recent paper we have studied the Hamiltonian and path integral quantizations of the conformally gauge-fixed Polyakov D1 brane action in the instant-form of dynamics using the equal world-sheet time framework on the hyperplanes defined by the world- sheet time . In the present work we quantize the same theory in the equal light-cone world-sheet time framework, on the hyperplanes of the light-front defined by the light-cone world-sheet time , using the standard constraint quantization techniques in the Hamiltonian and path integral formulations. The light-front theory is seen to be a constrained system in the sense of Dirac, which is in contrast to the corresponding case of the instant-form theory, where the theory remains unconstrained in the sense of Dirac. The light-front theory is seen to possess a set of twenty six primary second-class contraints. In the present work Hamiltonian and path integral quantizations of this theory are studied on the light-front.
文摘In the present work we study the Hamiltonian, path integral and BRST formulations of the Chern-Simons-Higgs theory in two-space one-time dimensions, in the so-called broken symmetry phase of the Higgs potential (where the phase φ(xμ) of the complex matter field Φ(xμ) carries the charge degree of freedom of the complex matter field and is akin to the Goldstone boson) on the light-front (i.e., on the hyperplanes defined by the fixed light-cone time). The theory is seen to possess a set of first-class constraints and the local vector gauge symmetry. The theory being gauge-invariant is quantized under appropriate gauge-fixing conditions. The explicit Hamiltonian and path integral quantization is achieved under the above light-cone gauges. The Heisenberg equations of motion of the system are derived for the physical degrees of freedom of the system. Finally the BRST quantization of the system is achieved under appropriate BRST gauge-fixing, where the BRST symmetry is maintained even under the BRST light-cone gauge-fixing.
文摘Recently we have studied the instant-form quantization (IFQ) of the conformally gauge-fixed Polyakov D1 brane action with and without a scalar dilaton field using the Hamiltonian and path integral formulations in the equal world-sheet time framework on the hyperplanes defined by the world- sheet time σ0=τ=constant . The light-front quantization (LFQ) of this theory without a scalar dilaton field has also been studied by us recently. In the present work we study the LFQ of this theory in the equal light-cone world-sheet time framework, on the hyperplanes of the light-front defined by the light-cone world-sheet time σ+=τ+σ=constant , using the Hamiltonian and path integral formulations. The light-front theory is seen to be a constrained system in the sense of Dirac. The light-front theory is seen to possess a set of twenty seven primary second-class contraints. In the present work Hamiltonian and path integral quantizations of this theory are studied on the light-front.
文摘Recently we have studied the instant-form quantization (IFQ) and the light-front quantization (LFQ) of the conformally gauge-fixed Polyakov D1 brane action using the Hamiltonian and path integral formulations. The IFQ is studied in the equal world-sheet time framework on the hyperplanes defined by the world-sheet time σ0=τ=constant and the LFQ in the equal light-cone world-sheet time framework, on the hyperplanes of the light-front defined by the light-cone world-sheet time σ+= (τ+σ) =constant. The light-front theory is seen to be a constrained system in the sense of Dirac in contrast to the instant-form theory. However, owing to the gauge anomalous nature of these theories, both of these theories are seen to lack the usual string gauge symmetries defined by the world-sheet reparametrization invariance (WSRI) and the Weyl invariance (WI). In the present work we show that these theories when considered in the presence of background gauge fields such as the NSNS 2-form gauge field Bαβ(σ,τ) or in the presence of U(1) gauge field Aα(σ,τ) and the constant scalar axion field C(σ,τ), then they are seen to possess the usual string gauge symmetries (WSRI and WI). In fact, these background gauge fields are seen to behave as the Wess-Zumino or Stueckelberg fields and the terms containing these fields are seen to behave as Wess-Zumino or Stueckelberg terms for these theories.
文摘The Chern-Simons theory in two-space one-time dimensions is quantized on the light-front under appropriate gauge-fixing conditions using the Hamiltonian, path integral and BRST formulations.
基金Project supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2011AA050518)
文摘In this paper, the light trapping characteristics of glass substrate with hemisphere pit （HP） arrays in thin film Si solar cells are theoretically studied via a numerical approach. It is found that the HP glass substrate has good antireflection properties. Its surface reflectance can be reduced by - 50% compared with planar glass. The HP arrays can make the unabsorbed light return to the absorbing layer of solar cells, and the ratio of second absorption approximately equals 30%. Thus, the glass substrate with the hemisphere pit arrays （HP glass） can effectively reduce the total reflectivity of a solar celt from 20% to 13%. The lip glass can also prolong the optical path length. The numerical results show that the total optical path length of the thin film Si solar cell covered with the HP glass increases from 2ω to 409. These results are basically consistent with the experimental results.
文摘The infrared absorption method for methane concentration detection is an ideal way to detect methane at present. However, it is difficult to spread this method due to its high cost. In this paper, by using a wideband infrared light emitting di- ode （LED） accompanied with a PIN photo electric diode, a low-cost methane detection system was designed. To overcome the shortcomings caused by the wide working band, a differential light path was designed. By means of a differential ratio algo- rithm, the stability and the accuracy of the system were guaranteed. Finally, the validity of the system with the proposed algo- rithm was verified by the experiment results.
