Philosophy of science has arisen as alternative to epistemology, because scientific development wanted another kind of explanation than traditional epistemological one. The latter kind of explanation is theoretically ...Philosophy of science has arisen as alternative to epistemology, because scientific development wanted another kind of explanation than traditional epistemological one. The latter kind of explanation is theoretically loaded and based on latent ontological assumptions. Epistemology offers science a ＂road map＂ for researcher＇s thinking. Thus epistemology knows what science should be, and philosophy of science take science for granted--existing as an empirical fact. Philosophy of science had always been a reflective and critical discipline that didn＇t want any a-priory knowledge. The main distinction between these fields of knowledge is as follows： epistemology is theoretical and projective kind of knowledge whereas philosophy of science is a non-theoretical, or better, a ＂post-theoretical＂ discipline. All facts and statements arising from philosophy of science lie within the heterogeneous space, where there is continuous transit of pre-theoretical, theoretical and post-theoretical versions of knowledge. The inevitability of conservation and utilization of human thought products is recognized, which is supplemented by the need to study the impact of theoretical thinking upon social practices.展开更多
This article speaks of the creation of the ＂life-world＂ of human beings through focused attention. It treats attention as distinguishing, selective, arbitrary, and unintentional, associated with sense and the will. ...This article speaks of the creation of the ＂life-world＂ of human beings through focused attention. It treats attention as distinguishing, selective, arbitrary, and unintentional, associated with sense and the will. It considers the creation of spatial characteristics of attention ＂being-in-the-world,＂ where space is understood both as external and internal. Of the wide range of spatial characteristics of the ＂life-world,＂ I choose the first idea of the ＂distant＂ and ＂close＂ and analyze them in terms of positing attention.展开更多
The“Vegetable-Bamboo Style(蔬笋气)”is the negative appraisal toward Chinese Buddhist monastic poems made by literati and scholars,which has ever become a stereotypical criterion of literary criticism since it was pu...The“Vegetable-Bamboo Style(蔬笋气)”is the negative appraisal toward Chinese Buddhist monastic poems made by literati and scholars,which has ever become a stereotypical criterion of literary criticism since it was put forward.However,the criterion of“Vegetable-Bamboo Style”is extrinsic since it deprived the Buddhist monastic poetry of its“selfness”,making it intelligible but false1.This article argues that the characteristic of“Vegetable-Bamboo Style”is not a shortcoming of Buddhist monastic poetry but a new form of poem that is combined with traditional landscape poetry,pastoral poetry,and Chan literature more broadly.Furthermore,this paper will demonstrate that it is a new form of poetry language generated from a unique“life-world(生活世界)”2,which should be treated equally as popular literature and free verse written in the vernacular.展开更多
文摘Philosophy of science has arisen as alternative to epistemology, because scientific development wanted another kind of explanation than traditional epistemological one. The latter kind of explanation is theoretically loaded and based on latent ontological assumptions. Epistemology offers science a ＂road map＂ for researcher＇s thinking. Thus epistemology knows what science should be, and philosophy of science take science for granted--existing as an empirical fact. Philosophy of science had always been a reflective and critical discipline that didn＇t want any a-priory knowledge. The main distinction between these fields of knowledge is as follows： epistemology is theoretical and projective kind of knowledge whereas philosophy of science is a non-theoretical, or better, a ＂post-theoretical＂ discipline. All facts and statements arising from philosophy of science lie within the heterogeneous space, where there is continuous transit of pre-theoretical, theoretical and post-theoretical versions of knowledge. The inevitability of conservation and utilization of human thought products is recognized, which is supplemented by the need to study the impact of theoretical thinking upon social practices.
文摘This article speaks of the creation of the ＂life-world＂ of human beings through focused attention. It treats attention as distinguishing, selective, arbitrary, and unintentional, associated with sense and the will. It considers the creation of spatial characteristics of attention ＂being-in-the-world,＂ where space is understood both as external and internal. Of the wide range of spatial characteristics of the ＂life-world,＂ I choose the first idea of the ＂distant＂ and ＂close＂ and analyze them in terms of positing attention.
文摘The“Vegetable-Bamboo Style(蔬笋气)”is the negative appraisal toward Chinese Buddhist monastic poems made by literati and scholars,which has ever become a stereotypical criterion of literary criticism since it was put forward.However,the criterion of“Vegetable-Bamboo Style”is extrinsic since it deprived the Buddhist monastic poetry of its“selfness”,making it intelligible but false1.This article argues that the characteristic of“Vegetable-Bamboo Style”is not a shortcoming of Buddhist monastic poetry but a new form of poem that is combined with traditional landscape poetry,pastoral poetry,and Chan literature more broadly.Furthermore,this paper will demonstrate that it is a new form of poetry language generated from a unique“life-world(生活世界)”2,which should be treated equally as popular literature and free verse written in the vernacular.
