Adaptive fuzzy neural inference systems are used to illustrate the primary nodal number of plant life-forms. Categorization of two candidate areas is carried out using the water-energy dynamic (for Ecuador, South Amer...Adaptive fuzzy neural inference systems are used to illustrate the primary nodal number of plant life-forms. Categorization of two candidate areas is carried out using the water-energy dynamic (for Ecuador, South America) and Macedonia, Southern Europe), within which the life-form spectra are distributed. Genetic optimization methods are used to expand the primary nodal number to the complete number of life-form categories. The distribution of the elements exhibits a stochastic, binomial distribution and the utopia line and curve are summarized which enhance accuracy of the climatic data and of the consequent numbers of plant species occurrences. Expansion of the distribution of each life-form category is approximated within the Z utopia hyperplane with use of the functional approximation algorithm. This process gives additional structure and informative value to the Z plane, enhancing our ability to make informed policy decisions concerning species and ecosystem conservation.展开更多
The present study was conducted in the alpine pastures of Tungnath （30° 14＇ N and 79° 13＇ E） to observe life-form and growth-form patterns of alpine plant species under grazed and ungrazed conditions and...The present study was conducted in the alpine pastures of Tungnath （30° 14＇ N and 79° 13＇ E） to observe life-form and growth-form patterns of alpine plant species under grazed and ungrazed conditions and to work out the plant life form spectrum. Species were categorized as plant habit, height and length of growth-cycle and life-form classes according to Raunkiaer＇s system. The results show that in total of 68 species at grazed site, hemicryptophytes （He） accounted for 50.00% species, followed by cryptophytes （26.47%）, chamaephytes （16.18%）, phanemphytes （4.41%） and therophytes （2.94%）. At the ungrazed site in 65 plant species, hemicryptophytes （He） accounted fo＇r 49.23% species, cryptophytes （26.15%）, chamaephytes （15.38%）, phanerophytes （6.15%） and ther6phytes （3.08 % species）. In general, hemicrptophyte are dominant^in both sites i.e. graged and ungrazed. Growth form categories were classified as forbs, shrubs, grasses and sedges＇and undershrubs, according to plant habit and height. On the basis of length of the growth cycle, species were categorized as plant species of short growth cycle, intermediate growth cycle and long growth cycle. The short forbs of plant habit and height, had the highest emergence, and grasses and sedges had the lowest emergence in representative species. Percentage of species with long growth cycle was highest in both sites.展开更多
为探究呈岛屿间断分布的中国特有种油叶柯〔Lithocarpus konishii(Hayata)Hayata〕的群落结构、区系特征及多样性,在其分布区广东担杆岛、香港及海南文昌设置13个典型样地(总面积5800 m 2)并开展群落学调查,分析其群落的物种组成、结构...为探究呈岛屿间断分布的中国特有种油叶柯〔Lithocarpus konishii(Hayata)Hayata〕的群落结构、区系特征及多样性,在其分布区广东担杆岛、香港及海南文昌设置13个典型样地(总面积5800 m 2)并开展群落学调查,分析其群落的物种组成、结构特征、区系特征、物种多样性及类型。结果表明:13个油叶柯样地物种组成丰富,共有维管植物200种(含种下等级,下同),隶属于74科162属,其中海南文昌样地的物种数(140种)远多于香港和广东担杆岛样地。从生活型看,13个油叶柯样地中乔木、灌木、草本和藤本分别有41、85、57和17种,占比分别为20.5%、42.5%、28.5%和8.5%。从地理成分看,13个油叶柯样地植物群落在科和属水平均以泛热带和热带亚洲分布为主,热带性质明显。多样性分析结果显示:油叶柯样地灌木层的物种多样性指数总体高于乔木层和草本层。基于乔木层重要值的聚类分析结果,13个油叶柯样地的植物群落划分为油叶柯+鹅掌柴林〔Form.L.konishii+Heptapleurum heptaphyllum(Linn.)Y.F.Deng〕、台湾相思+油叶柯林(Form.Acacia confusa Merr.+L.konishii)、油叶柯+文昌锥林(Form.L.konishii+Castanopsis wenchangensis G.A.Fu et C.C.Huang)3类,与地理分布相吻合。综上所述,油叶柯群落为具热带特性的常绿阔叶林,但因处于次生演替不稳定阶段,亟需制定针对性保护策略以维持生态系统稳态。展开更多
文摘Adaptive fuzzy neural inference systems are used to illustrate the primary nodal number of plant life-forms. Categorization of two candidate areas is carried out using the water-energy dynamic (for Ecuador, South America) and Macedonia, Southern Europe), within which the life-form spectra are distributed. Genetic optimization methods are used to expand the primary nodal number to the complete number of life-form categories. The distribution of the elements exhibits a stochastic, binomial distribution and the utopia line and curve are summarized which enhance accuracy of the climatic data and of the consequent numbers of plant species occurrences. Expansion of the distribution of each life-form category is approximated within the Z utopia hyperplane with use of the functional approximation algorithm. This process gives additional structure and informative value to the Z plane, enhancing our ability to make informed policy decisions concerning species and ecosystem conservation.
文摘The present study was conducted in the alpine pastures of Tungnath （30° 14＇ N and 79° 13＇ E） to observe life-form and growth-form patterns of alpine plant species under grazed and ungrazed conditions and to work out the plant life form spectrum. Species were categorized as plant habit, height and length of growth-cycle and life-form classes according to Raunkiaer＇s system. The results show that in total of 68 species at grazed site, hemicryptophytes （He） accounted for 50.00% species, followed by cryptophytes （26.47%）, chamaephytes （16.18%）, phanemphytes （4.41%） and therophytes （2.94%）. At the ungrazed site in 65 plant species, hemicryptophytes （He） accounted fo＇r 49.23% species, cryptophytes （26.15%）, chamaephytes （15.38%）, phanerophytes （6.15%） and ther6phytes （3.08 % species）. In general, hemicrptophyte are dominant^in both sites i.e. graged and ungrazed. Growth form categories were classified as forbs, shrubs, grasses and sedges＇and undershrubs, according to plant habit and height. On the basis of length of the growth cycle, species were categorized as plant species of short growth cycle, intermediate growth cycle and long growth cycle. The short forbs of plant habit and height, had the highest emergence, and grasses and sedges had the lowest emergence in representative species. Percentage of species with long growth cycle was highest in both sites.
