Abundant material with low cost was utilized to raise medium function of producing carpet turf by life rubbish. The results showed that the material used could strikingly raise water retentiveness and ventilating of ...Abundant material with low cost was utilized to raise medium function of producing carpet turf by life rubbish. The results showed that the material used could strikingly raise water retentiveness and ventilating of medium. Through the determination of the effect of each growth index of several turfgrass, emergence density, plant height, root growth and individual plant′s net primary production were all positively related to the material′s amount mixed, showing that the mixture of material could promote turfgrass growth, further proving that the material used raised medium function of producing carpet turf by life rubbish and made most use of life rubbish resources. It provided a scientific base is for application of environmental engineering by using life rubbish to produce carpet turf. So the study had both important theoretic meaning and applied value.展开更多
In some situations, the accelerated life test on environmental stress for electronic products is not easily implemented due to various restrictions, and thus engineers are lacking of data of the product life test. Con...In some situations, the accelerated life test on environmental stress for electronic products is not easily implemented due to various restrictions, and thus engineers are lacking of data of the product life test. Concerning this problem, environmental life of the printed circuit board（PCB） board is calculated by way of physics of failure. Influences of thermal cycle and vibration on PCB and its components are studied. Based on the analysis of force and stress between components and the PCB board in thermal cycle events and vibration events, four life computing models of pins and soldered dots are established. The miller damage ratio is used to calculate the accumulated damage of a pin or a soldered dot, and then the environment life of the PCB board can be determined by the first failed one. Finally, an example is used to illustrate the models and their calculations.展开更多
As one of the main structural units in a building,a solid wood floor has significant strategic research value for low-carbon energy saving.Taking the production line of a solid larch wood floor as a case study,we asse...As one of the main structural units in a building,a solid wood floor has significant strategic research value for low-carbon energy saving.Taking the production line of a solid larch wood floor as a case study,we assessed the environmental load during production based upon a life cycle assessment.Using GaBi 6.0 software,we analyzed the associated carbon sequestration during floor production,with the initial planting density serving as the disturbance factor in a modular analysis.The results indicated that the cutting and finishing steps have relatively intense,negative influences on the environment,whereas transportation,ripping,and trimming do not.Additionally,recycling biomass waste has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.When the initial planting density was 3.0×3.0 m,carbon sequestration was relatively high.Although the emissions of freshwater pollutants,volatile organic compounds,and fine particulate matter（matter with a 2.5-μm diameter） were comparatively high,the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions was still excellent at this planting density.展开更多
As an important human activity,the building industry has created comfortable space for living and work,and at the same time brought considerable pollution and huge consumption of energy and recourses. From 1990s after...As an important human activity,the building industry has created comfortable space for living and work,and at the same time brought considerable pollution and huge consumption of energy and recourses. From 1990s after the first building environmental assessment model-BREEAM was released in the UK,a number of assessment models were formulated as analytical and practical in methodology respectively. This paper aims to introduce a generic model of exergy assessment on environmental impact of building life cycle,taking into consideration of previous models and focusing on natural environment as well as building life cycle,and three environmental impacts will be analyzed,namely energy embodied exergy,resource chemical exergy and abatement exergy on energy consumption,resource consumption and pollutant discharge respectively. The model of exergy assessment on environmental impact of building life cycle thus formulated contains two sub-models,one from the aspect of building energy utilization,and the other from building materials use. Combining theories by ecologists such as Odum,building environmental sustainability modeling with exergy methodology is put forward with the index of exergy footprint of building environmental impacts.展开更多
The need for environmental education, which incorporates the life cycle concept into the learning program, will become increasingly greater all over the world. In the present study, an e-learning system, which is made...The need for environmental education, which incorporates the life cycle concept into the learning program, will become increasingly greater all over the world. In the present study, an e-learning system, which is made up of 3 parts including text-based learning materials, quizzes to review the content of the learning materials and CO<sub>2</sub> emission simulation, was designed and developed with the purpose of supporting environmental learning. Targeting a wide range of people, the operation period of this system was 1 month. Based on the results of questionnaire survey for users, it was evident that the quiz function and the simulation function of CO<sub>2</sub> emission contributed to the efficiency in environmental learning, and the format of the e-learning system was effective and helpful for environmental learning. Additionally, with the users’ awareness related to environmental conservation before and after using the system, significant changes in awareness were seen in areas such as behavioral intention, sense of urgency and sense of connection. Furthermore, as it was revealed that 62% of the total access numbers were from mobile devices, it was effective to prepare an interface optimized for mobile devices enabling users to use the system from their smartphones and tablet PCs.展开更多
Biochar-based bioenergy production and sub- sequent land application of biochar can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by fixing atmospheric carbon into the soil for a long period of time. A thorough life cycle assessmen...Biochar-based bioenergy production and sub- sequent land application of biochar can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by fixing atmospheric carbon into the soil for a long period of time. A thorough life cycle assessment of biochar-based bioenergy production and biochar land application in Northwestern Ontario is conducted using SimaPro Ver. 8.1. The results of energy consumption and potential environmental impact of biochar-based bioenergy production system are compared with those of conventional coal-based system. Results show that biocbar land application consumes 4847.61 MJ per tonne dry feedstock more energy than conventional system, but reduces the GHG emissions by 68.19 kg CO2e per tonne of dry feed- stock in its life cycle. Biochar land application improves ecosystem quality by 18 %, reduces climate change by 15 %, and resource use by 13 % but may adversely impact on human health by increasing disability adjusted life years by 1.7 % if biomass availability is low to medium. Replacing fossil fuel with woody biomass has a positiveimpact on the environment, as one tonne of dry biomass feedstock when converted to biochar reduces up to 38 kg CO2e with biochar land application despite using more energy. These results will help understand a comprehensive picture of the new interventions in forestry businesses, which are promoting biochar-based bioenergy production.展开更多
Renewable energy technologies, while often labeled as clean or net-zero alternatives to fossil fuels, involve substantial use of critical minerals in products like electric vehicles, solar panels, wind turbines, and b...Renewable energy technologies, while often labeled as clean or net-zero alternatives to fossil fuels, involve substantial use of critical minerals in products like electric vehicles, solar panels, wind turbines, and battery storage systems. This aspect is frequently underappreciated, yet studies indicate it could be a significant area of environmental impact. For instance, research has shown that a typical electric vehicle needs around six times the mineral resources of a conventional vehicle, while an onshore wind turbine requires nine times the mineral input compared to a gas power plant of similar capacity. This paper seeks to analyze the environmental effects linked to the critical minerals required by certain renewable energy technologies. The study begins with an estimation of the future megawatt capacities for each type of renewable technology. Next, it calculates the specific mineral quantities necessary for each model, followed by an assessment of the environmental repercussions tied to their extraction and processing. The results highlight the unique environmental challenges posed by the rising demand for minerals in solar and wind energy systems, taking into account various adoption scenarios.展开更多
LIFE环境金融工具(The Financial Instrument for the Environment)在对欧盟范围内的森林保护和修复方面发挥了重要的作用,成为欧盟森林生态补偿制度中的一个关键性因素,对我国森林生态补偿及保护森林资源有重要的启示。我国应当紧密结...LIFE环境金融工具(The Financial Instrument for the Environment)在对欧盟范围内的森林保护和修复方面发挥了重要的作用,成为欧盟森林生态补偿制度中的一个关键性因素,对我国森林生态补偿及保护森林资源有重要的启示。我国应当紧密结合自己的实际,借鉴发达国家的成熟制度和做法,使我国的森林生态效益补偿政策更具针对性、合理性和实用性。展开更多
目的通过量化分析马口铁奶粉罐在从“摇篮到大门”生命周期内的环境足迹,识别其生产过程中的关键环境影响类别和最相关生命周期阶段,并提出降低环境负担的建议。方法基于欧盟产品环境足迹方法,利用SimaPro生命周期评价软件和Ecoinvent...目的通过量化分析马口铁奶粉罐在从“摇篮到大门”生命周期内的环境足迹,识别其生产过程中的关键环境影响类别和最相关生命周期阶段,并提出降低环境负担的建议。方法基于欧盟产品环境足迹方法,利用SimaPro生命周期评价软件和Ecoinvent数据库对奶粉罐进行生命周期建模,随后采用环境足迹(Environmental footprint,EF)3.1方法对16类环境足迹指标进行评估,并进一步对关键参数和数据库进行敏感性分析。结果气候变化、矿物与金属资源消耗、化石资源利用、颗粒物形成、人类毒性-癌症和酸化是奶粉罐生产过程中值得重点关注的最相关环境影响类别。生产1个奶粉罐的碳足迹为0.34 kg CO_(2) eq.,主要归因于马口铁原料造成的能源和资源消耗,其贡献率达61.76%。能源结构由传统火电向清洁能源的转型可以减少奶粉罐生产过程中2.94%~11.84%的温室气体排放。结论提高原辅料利用效率、减少废料产生、降低电能消耗并加速清洁能源替代,是降低奶粉罐生命周期内环境足迹的有效路径。展开更多
【目的】建立新型室内铺地材料石木塑复合地板生命周期数据集,全面量化石木塑复合地板生产过程的环境影响和生物碳储量,与传统室内铺地材料的环境性能进行对比,提出石木塑复合地板环境性能提升举措并量化其提升潜力,为行业绿色低碳发展...【目的】建立新型室内铺地材料石木塑复合地板生命周期数据集,全面量化石木塑复合地板生产过程的环境影响和生物碳储量,与传统室内铺地材料的环境性能进行对比,提出石木塑复合地板环境性能提升举措并量化其提升潜力,为行业绿色低碳发展提供支撑。【方法】建立石木塑复合地板从摇篮到大门阶段的生命周期模型,并量化其一次能源消耗(PED)、非生物资源消耗潜值(ADP)、全球变暖潜值(GWP)、水资源消耗(WU)、酸化(AP)、富营养化潜值(EP)、可吸入无机物(RI)、臭氧层消耗(ODP)、光化学臭氧合成(POFP)、电离辐射-人体健康(IRP)、生态毒性(ET)等中点环境影响,以及节能减排综合指标(ECER)和生物碳储量。【结果】原材料获取阶段是中点环境指标的最大贡献者,对各指标的贡献度超过63%。地板制造阶段ET的贡献度达35.76%,运输阶段的环境影响较小。1 m^(2)石木塑复合地板从摇篮到大门阶段的ECER为4.12E-11。聚氯乙烯(PVC)和聚乙烯生产过程是原材料获取阶段的主要环境热点,电力、天然气和柴油生产过程是地板制造阶段的主要环境热点。1 m^(2)石木塑复合地板的生物碳储量为0.12 kg CO_(2)eq,占其GWP的1.1%。未来,应提高原料利用效率(节材),降低石木塑复合地板生产过程中PVC、聚乙烯和碳酸钙的消耗量,同时提高能源利用效率(节能),降低地板制造阶段的电耗,以提升石木塑复合地板环境性能。【结论】本研究填补了石木塑复合地板环境性能研究的空白,帮助地板制造商、建筑开发商、设计师、消费者和研究人员等认识石木塑复合地板这一新型铺地材料的综合环境性能,同时提出可操作性的提升举措,可为石木塑复合地板行业绿色低碳发展提供有益参考。展开更多
文摘Abundant material with low cost was utilized to raise medium function of producing carpet turf by life rubbish. The results showed that the material used could strikingly raise water retentiveness and ventilating of medium. Through the determination of the effect of each growth index of several turfgrass, emergence density, plant height, root growth and individual plant′s net primary production were all positively related to the material′s amount mixed, showing that the mixture of material could promote turfgrass growth, further proving that the material used raised medium function of producing carpet turf by life rubbish and made most use of life rubbish resources. It provided a scientific base is for application of environmental engineering by using life rubbish to produce carpet turf. So the study had both important theoretic meaning and applied value.
文摘In some situations, the accelerated life test on environmental stress for electronic products is not easily implemented due to various restrictions, and thus engineers are lacking of data of the product life test. Concerning this problem, environmental life of the printed circuit board（PCB） board is calculated by way of physics of failure. Influences of thermal cycle and vibration on PCB and its components are studied. Based on the analysis of force and stress between components and the PCB board in thermal cycle events and vibration events, four life computing models of pins and soldered dots are established. The miller damage ratio is used to calculate the accumulated damage of a pin or a soldered dot, and then the environment life of the PCB board can be determined by the first failed one. Finally, an example is used to illustrate the models and their calculations.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Support Project for the Twelfth Five-year Grant in China(Grant No.2015BAD14B05)
文摘As one of the main structural units in a building,a solid wood floor has significant strategic research value for low-carbon energy saving.Taking the production line of a solid larch wood floor as a case study,we assessed the environmental load during production based upon a life cycle assessment.Using GaBi 6.0 software,we analyzed the associated carbon sequestration during floor production,with the initial planting density serving as the disturbance factor in a modular analysis.The results indicated that the cutting and finishing steps have relatively intense,negative influences on the environment,whereas transportation,ripping,and trimming do not.Additionally,recycling biomass waste has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.When the initial planting density was 3.0×3.0 m,carbon sequestration was relatively high.Although the emissions of freshwater pollutants,volatile organic compounds,and fine particulate matter（matter with a 2.5-μm diameter） were comparatively high,the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions was still excellent at this planting density.
基金Project(50838009) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2006BAJ01A13-2,2006BAJ02A09) supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program
文摘As an important human activity,the building industry has created comfortable space for living and work,and at the same time brought considerable pollution and huge consumption of energy and recourses. From 1990s after the first building environmental assessment model-BREEAM was released in the UK,a number of assessment models were formulated as analytical and practical in methodology respectively. This paper aims to introduce a generic model of exergy assessment on environmental impact of building life cycle,taking into consideration of previous models and focusing on natural environment as well as building life cycle,and three environmental impacts will be analyzed,namely energy embodied exergy,resource chemical exergy and abatement exergy on energy consumption,resource consumption and pollutant discharge respectively. The model of exergy assessment on environmental impact of building life cycle thus formulated contains two sub-models,one from the aspect of building energy utilization,and the other from building materials use. Combining theories by ecologists such as Odum,building environmental sustainability modeling with exergy methodology is put forward with the index of exergy footprint of building environmental impacts.
文摘The need for environmental education, which incorporates the life cycle concept into the learning program, will become increasingly greater all over the world. In the present study, an e-learning system, which is made up of 3 parts including text-based learning materials, quizzes to review the content of the learning materials and CO<sub>2</sub> emission simulation, was designed and developed with the purpose of supporting environmental learning. Targeting a wide range of people, the operation period of this system was 1 month. Based on the results of questionnaire survey for users, it was evident that the quiz function and the simulation function of CO<sub>2</sub> emission contributed to the efficiency in environmental learning, and the format of the e-learning system was effective and helpful for environmental learning. Additionally, with the users’ awareness related to environmental conservation before and after using the system, significant changes in awareness were seen in areas such as behavioral intention, sense of urgency and sense of connection. Furthermore, as it was revealed that 62% of the total access numbers were from mobile devices, it was effective to prepare an interface optimized for mobile devices enabling users to use the system from their smartphones and tablet PCs.
基金supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through Industrial Postgraduate Scholarships(NSERC-IPS)Ontario Graduate Scholarship (OGS)Ontario Power Generation(OPG)
文摘Biochar-based bioenergy production and sub- sequent land application of biochar can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by fixing atmospheric carbon into the soil for a long period of time. A thorough life cycle assessment of biochar-based bioenergy production and biochar land application in Northwestern Ontario is conducted using SimaPro Ver. 8.1. The results of energy consumption and potential environmental impact of biochar-based bioenergy production system are compared with those of conventional coal-based system. Results show that biocbar land application consumes 4847.61 MJ per tonne dry feedstock more energy than conventional system, but reduces the GHG emissions by 68.19 kg CO2e per tonne of dry feed- stock in its life cycle. Biochar land application improves ecosystem quality by 18 %, reduces climate change by 15 %, and resource use by 13 % but may adversely impact on human health by increasing disability adjusted life years by 1.7 % if biomass availability is low to medium. Replacing fossil fuel with woody biomass has a positiveimpact on the environment, as one tonne of dry biomass feedstock when converted to biochar reduces up to 38 kg CO2e with biochar land application despite using more energy. These results will help understand a comprehensive picture of the new interventions in forestry businesses, which are promoting biochar-based bioenergy production.
文摘Renewable energy technologies, while often labeled as clean or net-zero alternatives to fossil fuels, involve substantial use of critical minerals in products like electric vehicles, solar panels, wind turbines, and battery storage systems. This aspect is frequently underappreciated, yet studies indicate it could be a significant area of environmental impact. For instance, research has shown that a typical electric vehicle needs around six times the mineral resources of a conventional vehicle, while an onshore wind turbine requires nine times the mineral input compared to a gas power plant of similar capacity. This paper seeks to analyze the environmental effects linked to the critical minerals required by certain renewable energy technologies. The study begins with an estimation of the future megawatt capacities for each type of renewable technology. Next, it calculates the specific mineral quantities necessary for each model, followed by an assessment of the environmental repercussions tied to their extraction and processing. The results highlight the unique environmental challenges posed by the rising demand for minerals in solar and wind energy systems, taking into account various adoption scenarios.
文摘LIFE环境金融工具(The Financial Instrument for the Environment)在对欧盟范围内的森林保护和修复方面发挥了重要的作用,成为欧盟森林生态补偿制度中的一个关键性因素,对我国森林生态补偿及保护森林资源有重要的启示。我国应当紧密结合自己的实际,借鉴发达国家的成熟制度和做法,使我国的森林生态效益补偿政策更具针对性、合理性和实用性。
文摘目的通过量化分析马口铁奶粉罐在从“摇篮到大门”生命周期内的环境足迹,识别其生产过程中的关键环境影响类别和最相关生命周期阶段,并提出降低环境负担的建议。方法基于欧盟产品环境足迹方法,利用SimaPro生命周期评价软件和Ecoinvent数据库对奶粉罐进行生命周期建模,随后采用环境足迹(Environmental footprint,EF)3.1方法对16类环境足迹指标进行评估,并进一步对关键参数和数据库进行敏感性分析。结果气候变化、矿物与金属资源消耗、化石资源利用、颗粒物形成、人类毒性-癌症和酸化是奶粉罐生产过程中值得重点关注的最相关环境影响类别。生产1个奶粉罐的碳足迹为0.34 kg CO_(2) eq.,主要归因于马口铁原料造成的能源和资源消耗,其贡献率达61.76%。能源结构由传统火电向清洁能源的转型可以减少奶粉罐生产过程中2.94%~11.84%的温室气体排放。结论提高原辅料利用效率、减少废料产生、降低电能消耗并加速清洁能源替代,是降低奶粉罐生命周期内环境足迹的有效路径。
文摘【目的】建立新型室内铺地材料石木塑复合地板生命周期数据集,全面量化石木塑复合地板生产过程的环境影响和生物碳储量,与传统室内铺地材料的环境性能进行对比,提出石木塑复合地板环境性能提升举措并量化其提升潜力,为行业绿色低碳发展提供支撑。【方法】建立石木塑复合地板从摇篮到大门阶段的生命周期模型,并量化其一次能源消耗(PED)、非生物资源消耗潜值(ADP)、全球变暖潜值(GWP)、水资源消耗(WU)、酸化(AP)、富营养化潜值(EP)、可吸入无机物(RI)、臭氧层消耗(ODP)、光化学臭氧合成(POFP)、电离辐射-人体健康(IRP)、生态毒性(ET)等中点环境影响,以及节能减排综合指标(ECER)和生物碳储量。【结果】原材料获取阶段是中点环境指标的最大贡献者,对各指标的贡献度超过63%。地板制造阶段ET的贡献度达35.76%,运输阶段的环境影响较小。1 m^(2)石木塑复合地板从摇篮到大门阶段的ECER为4.12E-11。聚氯乙烯(PVC)和聚乙烯生产过程是原材料获取阶段的主要环境热点,电力、天然气和柴油生产过程是地板制造阶段的主要环境热点。1 m^(2)石木塑复合地板的生物碳储量为0.12 kg CO_(2)eq,占其GWP的1.1%。未来,应提高原料利用效率(节材),降低石木塑复合地板生产过程中PVC、聚乙烯和碳酸钙的消耗量,同时提高能源利用效率(节能),降低地板制造阶段的电耗,以提升石木塑复合地板环境性能。【结论】本研究填补了石木塑复合地板环境性能研究的空白,帮助地板制造商、建筑开发商、设计师、消费者和研究人员等认识石木塑复合地板这一新型铺地材料的综合环境性能,同时提出可操作性的提升举措,可为石木塑复合地板行业绿色低碳发展提供有益参考。
