Sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium metal batteries(ASSLMBs)have garnered significant attention due to their potential for high energy density and enhanced safety.However,their practical application is hindered by c...Sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium metal batteries(ASSLMBs)have garnered significant attention due to their potential for high energy density and enhanced safety.However,their practical application is hindered by challenges such as uneven lithium(Li)deposition and the growth of Li dendrites.In this contribution,we propose an amorphous fluorinated interphase(AFI),composed of amorphous LiF and lithiated graphite,to regulate the interfacial Li-ion transport kinetics through in-situ interface chemistry.Amorphous LiF,which exhibits a significantly enhanced Li-ion diffusion compared to its crystalline counterpart,works synergistically with lithiated graphite to promote both short-range and long-range Li-ion transport kinetics at the Li/electrolyte interface.As a result,the Li anode with AFI demonstrates a remarkably enhanced critical current density of 1.6 mA cm^(−2)and an extended cycle life exceeding 1100 h.The Li||LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)full cell also achieves a high discharge capacity of 125.7 mA h g^(−1)and retains 71.2%of its initial capacity after 200 cycles.This work provides valuable insights into the rational design of artificial anodic interphase to regulate interfacial Li-ion transport kinetics in ASSLMBs.展开更多
All-solid-state Li batteries(ASSLBs)using solid electrolytes(SEs)have gained significant attention in recent years considering the safety issue and their high energy density.Despite these advantages,the commercializat...All-solid-state Li batteries(ASSLBs)using solid electrolytes(SEs)have gained significant attention in recent years considering the safety issue and their high energy density.Despite these advantages,the commercialization of ASSLBs still faces challenges regarding the electrolyte/electrodes interfaces and growth of Li dendrites.Elemental doping is an effective and direct method to enhance the performance of SEs.Here,we report an Al-F co-doping strategy to improve the overall properties including ion conductivity,high voltage stability,and cathode and anode compatibility.Particularly,the Al-F co-doping enables the formation of a thin Li-Al alloy layer and fluoride interphases,thereby constructing a relatively stable interface and promoting uniform Li deposition.The similar merits of Al-F co-doping are also revealed in the Li-argyrodite series.ASSLBs assembled with these optimized electrolytes gain good electrochemical performance,demonstrating the universality of Al-F co-doping towards advanced SEs.展开更多
Atmospheric turbulence is an important parameter affecting laser atmospheric transmission.This paper reports on a self-developed atmospheric turbulence detection Li DAR system(scanning differential image motion Li DAR...Atmospheric turbulence is an important parameter affecting laser atmospheric transmission.This paper reports on a self-developed atmospheric turbulence detection Li DAR system(scanning differential image motion Li DAR(DIM-Li DAR)system).By designing and simulating the optical system of atmospheric turbulence detection Li DAR,the basic optical imaging accuracy has been determined.展开更多
Lithium metal is considered as the most promising anode material for the next generation of secondary batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low potential.However,undesirable parasitic reactions,p...Lithium metal is considered as the most promising anode material for the next generation of secondary batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low potential.However,undesirable parasitic reactions,poor cycling stability and safety concerns could be caused by uncontrolled dendrite and high reactivity of Li metal,which hinder the practical application of Li-metal anode in high-energy rechargeable Li metal batteries(LMBs).Here,a facile way is reported to stabilize Li metal anode by building high lithiophilic Mg-Li-Cu alloy.Due to the delocalization of electrons on the deposited lithium enhanced by Cu self-diffusion into Mg-Li alloy,the growth of lithium dendrites could be inhibited by Mg-Li-Cu alloy.Moreover,the parasitic reactions with electrolyte could be avoided by the Mg-Li-Cu alloy anode.It is noteworthy that the symmetric battery life of Mg-Li-Cu alloy electrodes exceeds 9000 h at 1 m A cm^(-2)and 1 m Ah cm^(-2).The full cell(LiFePO_(4)|Mg-Li-Cu)exhibits a specific capacity of 148.2 m Ah g^(-1),with a capacity retention of 96.4%,at 1 C after 500 cycles.This work not only pave the way for application of flexible alloy anode in highly stable LMBs,but also provides novel strategies for preparation and optimization of Mg alloy.展开更多
Solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)are considered one of the most promising materials for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries(ASSLMBs)due to their facile processability.However,developing SPEs with both high ionic co...Solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)are considered one of the most promising materials for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries(ASSLMBs)due to their facile processability.However,developing SPEs with both high ionic conductivity and interfacial stability remains a challenge.Here,a donor-acceptor(D-A)like solid plasticizer,tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane(TPFPB),containing electron-rich F atoms and electrondeficient B sites,was introduced to regulate the ion transport behavior and interfacial chemistry of polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based SPEs.Owing to the multiple ion-dipole interactions(F Li^(+)TFSI^(-)and B TFSI^(-)Li^(+))between the TPFPB molecule and Li salts,a multimodal electrolyte environment featuring more free Li^(+)and trapped TFSI^(-)anions was generated,which cooperates with the reduced crystallinity of PEO,significantly facilitating the rapid migration of Li^(+).More importantly,TPFPB tends to be preferentially reduced to form a stable inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interphase on the Li-metal anode,ensuring uniform Li plating/stripping behavior.Thus,the TPFPB-modulated SPEs system achieves a high Li^(+)conductivity of 0.74 m S cm^(-1)and effectively suppresses dendrite growth,which enables a long-cycle dendrite-free Li/Li symmetric cell for over 5000 h,and remarkable electrochemical performance has been further validated in operational ASSLMBs.The findings in this work would inspire efforts to develop highperformance SPEs for all-solid-state alkali-metal batteries.展开更多
The repeated volume variation of lithium(Li)metal anode(LMA)upon Li^(+) plating/stripping,the volatile interface between Li and the electrolyte,and the incessant growth of Li dendrites on Li metal surface have severel...The repeated volume variation of lithium(Li)metal anode(LMA)upon Li^(+) plating/stripping,the volatile interface between Li and the electrolyte,and the incessant growth of Li dendrites on Li metal surface have severely hindered the practical application of Li in constructing high energy-density Li metal batteries(LMBs).Herein,a novel Li host(3D ZnO/CNTs/Cu)featuring ordered microchannels and lithiophilic ZnO species on the inner walls of the microchannels is introduced,which induces the uniform Li^(+) deposition into the microchannels and finally suppresses the formation of Li dendrites.The stable structure of the fabricated 3D Li host can adapt to volume variations upon Li^(+) plating/stripping,thereby enhancing electrochemical performances.Symmetric cells with the 3D ZnO/CNTs/Cu@Li anode exhibited long cycle stability at areal current densities of 0.5 and 2 mA cm^(-2);Full cells maintained a reversible discharge capacity of 105 mAh g^(-1) after 400 cycles at 1C with a capacity retention of 70%.Meanwhile,ex-situ SEM observations proved that the 3D ZnO/CNTs/Cu@Li anode can keep the structural integrity during charging/discharging(or plating/stripping).This work suggested that lithiophilic nanochannels in the Li host can significantly improve the electrochemical performance and safety of LMBs.展开更多
ZnO with good lithiophilicity has widely been employed to modify the lithiophobic substrates and facilitate uniform lithium(Li)deposition.The overpotential of ZnO-derived Li anode during cycling depends on the lithiop...ZnO with good lithiophilicity has widely been employed to modify the lithiophobic substrates and facilitate uniform lithium(Li)deposition.The overpotential of ZnO-derived Li anode during cycling depends on the lithiophilicity of both LiZn and Li_(2)O products upon lithiation of ZnO.However,the striking differences in the lithiophilicity between Li_(2)O and LiZn would result in a high overpotential during cycling.In this research,the Al_(2)O_(3)/nZnO(n≥1)hybrid layers were precisely fabricated by atomic layer deposition(ALD)to regulate the lithiophilicity of ZnO phase and Li_(2)O/LiZn configuration—determining the actual Li loading amount and Li plating/stripping processes.Theoretically,the Li adsorption energy(E_(a))values of LiZn and Li_(2)O in the LiZn/Li_(2)O configuration are separately predicted as-2.789 and-3.447 eV.In comparison,the E_(a) values of LiZn,LiAlO_(2),and Li_(2)O in the LiZn/LiAlO_(2)/Li_(2)O configuration upon lithiation of Al_(2)O_(3)/8ZnO layer are calculated as-2.899,-3.089,and-3.208 eV,respectively.Importantly,a novel introduction of LiAlO_(2)into the LiZn/Li_(2)O configuration could enable the hierarchical Li plating/stripping and reduce the overpotentials during cycling.Consequently,the Al_(2)O_(3)/8ZnO-derived hybrid Li-metal anode could exhibit electrochemical performances superior to these of ZnO-derived Li anode in both symmetrical and full cells paired with a LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)(NCM622)cathode.展开更多
Porous organic cages(POCs)with permanent porosity and excellent host–vip property hold great potentials in regulating ion transport behavior,yet their feasibility as solid-state electrolytes has never been testifie...Porous organic cages(POCs)with permanent porosity and excellent host–vip property hold great potentials in regulating ion transport behavior,yet their feasibility as solid-state electrolytes has never been testified in a practical battery.Herein,we design and fabricate a quasi-solid-state electrolyte(QSSE)based on a POC to enable the stable operation of Li-metal batteries(LMBs).Benefiting from the ordered channels and cavity-induced anion-trapping effect of POC,the resulting POC-based QSSE exhibits a high Li+transference number of 0.67 and a high ionic conductivity of 1.25×10^(−4) S cm^(−1) with a low activation energy of 0.17 eV.These allow for homogeneous Li deposition and highly reversible Li plating/stripping for over 2000 h.As a proof of concept,the LMB assembled with POC-based QSSE demonstrates extremely stable cycling performance with 85%capacity retention after 1000 cycles.Therefore,our work demonstrates the practical applicability of POC as SSEs for LMBs and could be extended to other energy-storage systems,such as Na and K batteries.展开更多
Li/MnO_(2) primary batteries are widely used in industry for their high specific capacity and safety.However,a deep comprehension of the Li^(+)insertion mechanism and the high self-discharge rate of the batteries is s...Li/MnO_(2) primary batteries are widely used in industry for their high specific capacity and safety.However,a deep comprehension of the Li^(+)insertion mechanism and the high self-discharge rate of the batteries is still needed.Here,the storage mechanism of Li^(+)in the tunnel structure of MnO_(2) as well as the dissolution and migration of Mn-ions were investigated based on multi-scale approaches.The Li/Mn ratio(at%)is determined at about 0.82 when the discharge voltage decreases to 2 V.The limited Li-ions transport rate in the bulk MnO_(2) restrains the reduction reaction,resulting in a low practical specific capacity.Moreover,utilizing spherical aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy(TEM)coupled with electron energy loss spectroscopy(EELS),the presence of a mixed valence state layer of Mn^(2+)/Mn^(3+)/Mn^(4+)on the surface of the original 20 nm MnO_(2) particles was identified,which could contribute to the initial dissolution of Mn-ions.The battery separator exhibited channels for Mn-ions migration and diffusion and aggregated Mn particles.We put forward the discharge and degradation route in the ways of Mn-ions trajectories,and our findings provide a deep understanding of the high self-discharge rates and the capacity decay of Li-Mn primary batteries.展开更多
The lithium(Li)metal anode is regarded as the upcoming generation of battery anodes due to its high theoretical capacity(3860 mAh g^(-1))and low standard reduction potential(-3.04 vs SHE).Addressing challenges related...The lithium(Li)metal anode is regarded as the upcoming generation of battery anodes due to its high theoretical capacity(3860 mAh g^(-1))and low standard reduction potential(-3.04 vs SHE).Addressing challenges related to the formation of Li metal dendrites,such as short circuits and low Coulombic efficiency,is crucial for the practical implementation of Li metal anodes.Previous research on Li metal has primarily focus on the Li plating process for achieving homogeneous growth.However,our study highlights the significance of pit formation variations,which significantly influence Li growth behavior in subsequent cycles.Expanding on this understanding,we formulated electrochemical activation conditions to promote uniform pit formation,thereby doubling the cycle life in a symmetric cell,and increasing the capacity retention of NCM622||Li full-cell from 68.7%to 79.5%after 500 cycles.展开更多
The discovery of pressure-induced superconducting electrides has sparked a intense wave of interest in novel superconductors.However,opinions vary regarding the relationship between non-nuclear attractors(NNAs)and sup...The discovery of pressure-induced superconducting electrides has sparked a intense wave of interest in novel superconductors.However,opinions vary regarding the relationship between non-nuclear attractors(NNAs)and superconductivity,with two opposing views currently represented by the materials Li_(6)P and Li_(6)C.Here,we choose the ternary Li–C–P as a model system and reveal the underlying mechanism by which NNAs contribute to superconductivity.The loosely bound NNAs in the superlithide Li_(14)CP covalently bond with Li and form unique satellite interstitial electrons(SIEs)around Li near the Fermi level,dominating the superconductivity.First-principles calculations show that the SIEs progressively increase in number and couple strongly with phonons at high pressure.Moreover,the Fermi surface nesting associated with SIEs induces phonon softening,further enhancing the electron–phonon coupling and giving the superlithide Li_(14)CP a T_(c)of 10.6 K at 300 GPa.The leading role of SIEs in superconductivity is a general one and is also relevant to the recently predicted Li_(6)P and Li_(6)C.Our work presented here reshapes the understanding of NNA-dominated superconductivity and holds promise for guiding future discoveries and designs of novel high-temperature superconductors.展开更多
Lithium metal is a compelling choice as an anode material for high-energy-density batteries,attributed to its elevated theoretical specific energy and low redox potential.Nevertheless,challenges arise due to its susce...Lithium metal is a compelling choice as an anode material for high-energy-density batteries,attributed to its elevated theoretical specific energy and low redox potential.Nevertheless,challenges arise due to its susceptibility to high-volume changes and the tendency for dendritic development during cycling,leading to restricted cycle life and diminished Coulombic efficiency(CE).Here,we innovatively engineered a kind of porous biocarbon to serve as the framework for a lithium metal anode,which boasts a heightened specific surface area and uniformly dispersed ZnO active sites,directly derived from metasequoia cambium.The porous structure efficiently mitigates local current density and alleviates the volume expansion of lithium.Also,incorporating the ZnO lithiophilic site notably reduces the nucleation overpotential to a mere 16 mV,facilitating the deposition of lithium in a compact form.As a result,this innovative material ensures an impressive CE of 98.5%for lithium plating/stripping over 500 cycles,a remarkable cycle life exceeding 1200 h in a Li symmetrical cell,and more than 82%capacity retention ratio after an astonishing 690 cycles in full cells.In all,such a rationally designed Li composite anode effectively mitigates volume change,enhances lithophilicity,and reduces local current density,thereby inhibiting dendrite formation.The preparation of a highperformance lithium anode frame proves the feasibility of using biocarbon in a lithium anode frame.展开更多
Ultrathin Li-rich Li-Cu binary alloy has become a competitive anode material for Li metal batteries of high energy density.However,due to the poor-lithiophilicity of the single skeleton structure of Li-Cu alloy,it has...Ultrathin Li-rich Li-Cu binary alloy has become a competitive anode material for Li metal batteries of high energy density.However,due to the poor-lithiophilicity of the single skeleton structure of Li-Cu alloy,it has limitations in inducing Li nucleation and improving electrochemical performance.Hence,we introduced Ag species to Li-Cu alloy to form a 30μm thick Li-rich Li-Cu-Ag ternary alloy(LCA)anode,with Li-Ag infinite solid solution as the active phase,and Cu-based finite solid solutions as three-dimensional(3D)skeleton.Such nano-wire networks with LiCu4 and CuxAgy finite solid solution phases were prepared through a facile melt coating technique,where Ag element can act as lithiophilic specie to enhance the lithiophilicity of built-in skeleton,and regulate the deposition behavior of Li effectively.Notably,the formation of CuxAgy solid solution can strengthen the structural stability of the skeleton,ensuring the geometrical integrity of Li anode,even at the fully delithiated state.Meanwhile,the Li-Ag infinite solid solution phase can promote the Li plating/stripping reversibility of the LCA anode with an improved coulombic efficiency(CE).The synergistic effect between infinite and finite solid solutions could render an enhanced electrochemical performance of Li metal batteries.The LCA|LCA symmetric cells showed a long lifespan of over 600 h with stable polarization voltage of 40 mV,in 1 mA·cm^(-2)/1 mAh·cm^(-2).In addition,the full cells matching our ultrathin LCA anode with 17.2 mg·cm^(-2)mass loading of LiFePO_(4) cathode,can continuously operate beyond 110 cycles at 0.5C,with a high capacity retention of 91.5%.Kindly check and confirm the edit made in the article title.展开更多
This paper examines the translation of imagery metaphors in Qu Yuan’s Li Sao using an Embodied-Cognitive Translatology(ECT)approach.It investigates how the poem’s intricate metaphors,such as orchid(lan),pepper and c...This paper examines the translation of imagery metaphors in Qu Yuan’s Li Sao using an Embodied-Cognitive Translatology(ECT)approach.It investigates how the poem’s intricate metaphors,such as orchid(lan),pepper and cassia(jiao and jun’gui),and crescent eyebrows(emei),are translated into English while maintaining their cultural,emotional,and philosophical depth.The study explores the challenges translators face when rendering these culturally specific metaphors,and it identifies strategies such as literal translation,adaptation,substitution,and paraphrasing used by translators to preserve the metaphors’essence.Drawing on the principles of ECT,the paper examines how metaphors function not just as linguistic elements but as cognitive symbols embedded in cultural contexts,reflecting the translator’s cognitive processes.The research highlights the importance of aligning the translation process with the cognitive and emotional resonance of the original text,thus ensuring the metaphor’s full meaning is conveyed.This paper also discusses the broader implications of translating metaphors from ancient Chinese literature,offering insights into the complexities of cross-cultural translation.It concludes with suggestions for future research in translating classical Chinese works,focusing on improving the preservation of metaphorical and cultural integrity.展开更多
The unprecedented growth of electric vehicles featuring lithium-ion batteries has led to a significant increase in the amount of waste generated,posing pressing waste management challenges for both industry professio ...The unprecedented growth of electric vehicles featuring lithium-ion batteries has led to a significant increase in the amount of waste generated,posing pressing waste management challenges for both industry professio nals and environmental regulators.To address these issues,conventio nal pyrometallurgical,hydrometallurgical,and direct recycling methods are commonly employed to promote sustainable battery development.However,these methods are often hindered by laborious purification processes and the generation of low-profit products such as Li_(2)CO_(3),CoSO_(4),NiSO_(4),etc.Herein,an upcycling technology involving a low-temperature solid-to-solid reaction and water leaching procedures is introduced to transform spent LiCoO_(2)cathode materials into value-added cobalt sulfide-based electrocatalysts.The regenerated electrocatalysts exhibit exceptional performance in the oxygen evolution reaction,surpassing that of the benchmark RuO_(2)catalyst.This proposed upcycling method provides researchers with an alternative way to convert the metallic components of waste lithium-ion batteries into high-value Co-,Ni-,Fe-,and Mn-based catalysts.展开更多
Lithium metal,with its exceptionally high theoretical capacity,emerges as the optimal anode choice for high-energy-density rechargeable batteries.Nevertheless,the practical application of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)...Lithium metal,with its exceptionally high theoretical capacity,emerges as the optimal anode choice for high-energy-density rechargeable batteries.Nevertheless,the practical application of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)is constrained by issues such as lithium dendrite growth and low Coulombic efficiency(CE).Herein,a roll-to-roll approach is adopted to prepare meter-scale,lithiophilic Sn-modified Cu mesh(Sn@Cu mesh)as the current collector for long-cycle lithium metal batteries.The two-dimensional(2D)nucleation mechanism on Sn@Cu mesh electrodes promotes a uniform Li flux,facilitating the deposition of Li metal in a large granular morphology.Simultaneously,experimental and computational analyses revealed that the distribution of the electric field in the Cu mesh skeleton induces Li inward growth,thereby generating a uniform,dense composite Li anode.Moreover,the Sn@Cu mesh-Li symmetrical cell demonstrates stable cycling for over 2000 h with an ultra-low 10 mV voltage polarization.In Li||Cu half-cells,the Sn@Cu mesh electrode demonstrates stable cycling for 100 cycles at a high areal capacity of 5 mAh·cm^(-2),achieving a CE of 99.2%.This study introduces a simple and large-scale approach for the production of lithiophilic three-dimensional(3D)current collectors,providing more possibilities for the scalable application of Li metal batteries.展开更多
Lithium(Li)deposition and nucleation at solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)is the main origin for the capacity decay in Li metal batteries(LMBs).SEI conversion with enhanced electrochemical and mechanical properties is ...Lithium(Li)deposition and nucleation at solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)is the main origin for the capacity decay in Li metal batteries(LMBs).SEI conversion with enhanced electrochemical and mechanical properties is an effective approach to achieve uniform nucleation of Li^(+)and stabilize the lithium metal anode.However,complex interfacial reaction mechanisms and interface compatibility issues hinder the development of SEI conversion strategies for stabilizing lithium metal anodes.Herein,we presented the release of I_(3)^(-)in–NH_(2)-modified metal–organic frameworks for a Li metal surface SEI phase conversion strategy.The–NH_(2)group in MOF pores induced the formation of I_(3)^(-)from I_(2),which was further spontaneously reacted with inactive Li_(2)O transforming into high-performance LiI and LiIO_(3)interphase.Furthermore,theoretical calculation provided deeply insight into the unique reconstructed interfacial formation and electrochemical mechanism of rich LiI and LiIO_(3)SEI.As a result,the Li^(+)deposition and nucleation were improved,facilitating the transport kinetics of Li^(+)and inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrites.The assembled solid-state Li||LiFePO_(4)full cells exhibited superior long-term stability of 800 cycles and high Coulombic efficiency(>99%),Li||LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)pouch cell also displayed superior practical performance over 200 cycles at 2 C,high loading of 5 mg cm^(-2)and safety performance.This innovative SEI design strategy promotes the development of high-performance solid-state Li metal batteries.展开更多
The ineluctable introduction of lithium salt to polymer solid-state electrolytes incurs a compromise between strength,ionic conductivity,and thickness.Here,we propose Al_(2)O_(3)-coated polyimide(AO/PI)porous film as ...The ineluctable introduction of lithium salt to polymer solid-state electrolytes incurs a compromise between strength,ionic conductivity,and thickness.Here,we propose Al_(2)O_(3)-coated polyimide(AO/PI)porous film as a high-strength substrate to support fast-ion-conducting polymer-in-salt(PIS)solid-state electrolytes,aiming to suppress lithium dendrite growth and improve full-cell performance.The Al_(2)O_(3)coating layer not only refines the wettability of polyimide porous film to PIS,but also performs as a high modulus protective layer to suppress the growth of lithium dendrites.The resulting PI/AO@PIS exhibits a small thickness of only 35μm with an outstanding tensile strength of 11.3 MPa and Young's modulus of 537.6 MPa.In addition,the PI/AO@PIS delivers a high ionic conductivity of 0.1 m S/cm at 25°C.As a result,the PI/AO@PIS enables symmetric Li cells to achieve exceptional cyclability for over 1000 h at 0.1 m A/cm2without noticeable lithium dendrite formation.Moreover,the PI/AO@PIS-based LiFePO4||Li full cells demonstrate outstanding rate performance(125.7 m Ah/g at 5 C)and impressive cycling stability(96.1%capacity retention at 1 C after 200 cycles).This work highlights the efficacy of enhancing the mechanical properties of polymer matrices and extending cell performance through the incorporation of a dense inorganic interface layer.展开更多
In the original publication,incorrect version of Corresponding authors has been published.You-Yuan Huang and Bo Wang should be corresponding authors.The corrected Correspondingg authors are provided in this correction.
基金supported by the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(L223009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209014,22479012)+1 种基金the Hebei Natural Science Foundation(E2024208084)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023CX01031)。
文摘Sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium metal batteries(ASSLMBs)have garnered significant attention due to their potential for high energy density and enhanced safety.However,their practical application is hindered by challenges such as uneven lithium(Li)deposition and the growth of Li dendrites.In this contribution,we propose an amorphous fluorinated interphase(AFI),composed of amorphous LiF and lithiated graphite,to regulate the interfacial Li-ion transport kinetics through in-situ interface chemistry.Amorphous LiF,which exhibits a significantly enhanced Li-ion diffusion compared to its crystalline counterpart,works synergistically with lithiated graphite to promote both short-range and long-range Li-ion transport kinetics at the Li/electrolyte interface.As a result,the Li anode with AFI demonstrates a remarkably enhanced critical current density of 1.6 mA cm^(−2)and an extended cycle life exceeding 1100 h.The Li||LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)full cell also achieves a high discharge capacity of 125.7 mA h g^(−1)and retains 71.2%of its initial capacity after 200 cycles.This work provides valuable insights into the rational design of artificial anodic interphase to regulate interfacial Li-ion transport kinetics in ASSLMBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52172243,52371215)。
文摘All-solid-state Li batteries(ASSLBs)using solid electrolytes(SEs)have gained significant attention in recent years considering the safety issue and their high energy density.Despite these advantages,the commercialization of ASSLBs still faces challenges regarding the electrolyte/electrodes interfaces and growth of Li dendrites.Elemental doping is an effective and direct method to enhance the performance of SEs.Here,we report an Al-F co-doping strategy to improve the overall properties including ion conductivity,high voltage stability,and cathode and anode compatibility.Particularly,the Al-F co-doping enables the formation of a thin Li-Al alloy layer and fluoride interphases,thereby constructing a relatively stable interface and promoting uniform Li deposition.The similar merits of Al-F co-doping are also revealed in the Li-argyrodite series.ASSLBs assembled with these optimized electrolytes gain good electrochemical performance,demonstrating the universality of Al-F co-doping towards advanced SEs.
基金jointly funded by the National Science Foundation of China(No.42405069)the University Natural Sciences Research Project of Anhui Province(Nos.2023AH052201 and 2023AH052184)+1 种基金the 2023 Talent Research Fund Project of Hefei University(No.23RC01)the Technical Development Project of Hefei University(Nos.902/22050124128,902/22050124148 and 902/22050124250)。
文摘Atmospheric turbulence is an important parameter affecting laser atmospheric transmission.This paper reports on a self-developed atmospheric turbulence detection Li DAR system(scanning differential image motion Li DAR(DIM-Li DAR)system).By designing and simulating the optical system of atmospheric turbulence detection Li DAR,the basic optical imaging accuracy has been determined.
基金supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(ZR2022QE014)Basic Scientific Research Fund for Central Universities(202112018)Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education)。
文摘Lithium metal is considered as the most promising anode material for the next generation of secondary batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low potential.However,undesirable parasitic reactions,poor cycling stability and safety concerns could be caused by uncontrolled dendrite and high reactivity of Li metal,which hinder the practical application of Li-metal anode in high-energy rechargeable Li metal batteries(LMBs).Here,a facile way is reported to stabilize Li metal anode by building high lithiophilic Mg-Li-Cu alloy.Due to the delocalization of electrons on the deposited lithium enhanced by Cu self-diffusion into Mg-Li alloy,the growth of lithium dendrites could be inhibited by Mg-Li-Cu alloy.Moreover,the parasitic reactions with electrolyte could be avoided by the Mg-Li-Cu alloy anode.It is noteworthy that the symmetric battery life of Mg-Li-Cu alloy electrodes exceeds 9000 h at 1 m A cm^(-2)and 1 m Ah cm^(-2).The full cell(LiFePO_(4)|Mg-Li-Cu)exhibits a specific capacity of 148.2 m Ah g^(-1),with a capacity retention of 96.4%,at 1 C after 500 cycles.This work not only pave the way for application of flexible alloy anode in highly stable LMBs,but also provides novel strategies for preparation and optimization of Mg alloy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52203261,No.52473213)。
文摘Solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)are considered one of the most promising materials for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries(ASSLMBs)due to their facile processability.However,developing SPEs with both high ionic conductivity and interfacial stability remains a challenge.Here,a donor-acceptor(D-A)like solid plasticizer,tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane(TPFPB),containing electron-rich F atoms and electrondeficient B sites,was introduced to regulate the ion transport behavior and interfacial chemistry of polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based SPEs.Owing to the multiple ion-dipole interactions(F Li^(+)TFSI^(-)and B TFSI^(-)Li^(+))between the TPFPB molecule and Li salts,a multimodal electrolyte environment featuring more free Li^(+)and trapped TFSI^(-)anions was generated,which cooperates with the reduced crystallinity of PEO,significantly facilitating the rapid migration of Li^(+).More importantly,TPFPB tends to be preferentially reduced to form a stable inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interphase on the Li-metal anode,ensuring uniform Li plating/stripping behavior.Thus,the TPFPB-modulated SPEs system achieves a high Li^(+)conductivity of 0.74 m S cm^(-1)and effectively suppresses dendrite growth,which enables a long-cycle dendrite-free Li/Li symmetric cell for over 5000 h,and remarkable electrochemical performance has been further validated in operational ASSLMBs.The findings in this work would inspire efforts to develop highperformance SPEs for all-solid-state alkali-metal batteries.
基金supported by the Science Foundation of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(18062299-Y)。
文摘The repeated volume variation of lithium(Li)metal anode(LMA)upon Li^(+) plating/stripping,the volatile interface between Li and the electrolyte,and the incessant growth of Li dendrites on Li metal surface have severely hindered the practical application of Li in constructing high energy-density Li metal batteries(LMBs).Herein,a novel Li host(3D ZnO/CNTs/Cu)featuring ordered microchannels and lithiophilic ZnO species on the inner walls of the microchannels is introduced,which induces the uniform Li^(+) deposition into the microchannels and finally suppresses the formation of Li dendrites.The stable structure of the fabricated 3D Li host can adapt to volume variations upon Li^(+) plating/stripping,thereby enhancing electrochemical performances.Symmetric cells with the 3D ZnO/CNTs/Cu@Li anode exhibited long cycle stability at areal current densities of 0.5 and 2 mA cm^(-2);Full cells maintained a reversible discharge capacity of 105 mAh g^(-1) after 400 cycles at 1C with a capacity retention of 70%.Meanwhile,ex-situ SEM observations proved that the 3D ZnO/CNTs/Cu@Li anode can keep the structural integrity during charging/discharging(or plating/stripping).This work suggested that lithiophilic nanochannels in the Li host can significantly improve the electrochemical performance and safety of LMBs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB2400202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52104313)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Plan of Shaanxi(2024GH-YBXM-11)the Foshan Science and Technology Innovation Team Project(1920001004098).
文摘ZnO with good lithiophilicity has widely been employed to modify the lithiophobic substrates and facilitate uniform lithium(Li)deposition.The overpotential of ZnO-derived Li anode during cycling depends on the lithiophilicity of both LiZn and Li_(2)O products upon lithiation of ZnO.However,the striking differences in the lithiophilicity between Li_(2)O and LiZn would result in a high overpotential during cycling.In this research,the Al_(2)O_(3)/nZnO(n≥1)hybrid layers were precisely fabricated by atomic layer deposition(ALD)to regulate the lithiophilicity of ZnO phase and Li_(2)O/LiZn configuration—determining the actual Li loading amount and Li plating/stripping processes.Theoretically,the Li adsorption energy(E_(a))values of LiZn and Li_(2)O in the LiZn/Li_(2)O configuration are separately predicted as-2.789 and-3.447 eV.In comparison,the E_(a) values of LiZn,LiAlO_(2),and Li_(2)O in the LiZn/LiAlO_(2)/Li_(2)O configuration upon lithiation of Al_(2)O_(3)/8ZnO layer are calculated as-2.899,-3.089,and-3.208 eV,respectively.Importantly,a novel introduction of LiAlO_(2)into the LiZn/Li_(2)O configuration could enable the hierarchical Li plating/stripping and reduce the overpotentials during cycling.Consequently,the Al_(2)O_(3)/8ZnO-derived hybrid Li-metal anode could exhibit electrochemical performances superior to these of ZnO-derived Li anode in both symmetrical and full cells paired with a LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)(NCM622)cathode.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92372123)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022A1515012057,2022B1515020005,2023B1515130004)Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.202201011342).
文摘Porous organic cages(POCs)with permanent porosity and excellent host–vip property hold great potentials in regulating ion transport behavior,yet their feasibility as solid-state electrolytes has never been testified in a practical battery.Herein,we design and fabricate a quasi-solid-state electrolyte(QSSE)based on a POC to enable the stable operation of Li-metal batteries(LMBs).Benefiting from the ordered channels and cavity-induced anion-trapping effect of POC,the resulting POC-based QSSE exhibits a high Li+transference number of 0.67 and a high ionic conductivity of 1.25×10^(−4) S cm^(−1) with a low activation energy of 0.17 eV.These allow for homogeneous Li deposition and highly reversible Li plating/stripping for over 2000 h.As a proof of concept,the LMB assembled with POC-based QSSE demonstrates extremely stable cycling performance with 85%capacity retention after 1000 cycles.Therefore,our work demonstrates the practical applicability of POC as SSEs for LMBs and could be extended to other energy-storage systems,such as Na and K batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2030206,12104022,52271014 and 22075003)the Presidential Foundation of CAEP(No.YZJJZL2023173)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2021YFH0092).
文摘Li/MnO_(2) primary batteries are widely used in industry for their high specific capacity and safety.However,a deep comprehension of the Li^(+)insertion mechanism and the high self-discharge rate of the batteries is still needed.Here,the storage mechanism of Li^(+)in the tunnel structure of MnO_(2) as well as the dissolution and migration of Mn-ions were investigated based on multi-scale approaches.The Li/Mn ratio(at%)is determined at about 0.82 when the discharge voltage decreases to 2 V.The limited Li-ions transport rate in the bulk MnO_(2) restrains the reduction reaction,resulting in a low practical specific capacity.Moreover,utilizing spherical aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy(TEM)coupled with electron energy loss spectroscopy(EELS),the presence of a mixed valence state layer of Mn^(2+)/Mn^(3+)/Mn^(4+)on the surface of the original 20 nm MnO_(2) particles was identified,which could contribute to the initial dissolution of Mn-ions.The battery separator exhibited channels for Mn-ions migration and diffusion and aggregated Mn particles.We put forward the discharge and degradation route in the ways of Mn-ions trajectories,and our findings provide a deep understanding of the high self-discharge rates and the capacity decay of Li-Mn primary batteries.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea Government(MSIT)(RS-202400422387)the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea Government(MSIT)(RS-2024-00404414)support by The Ministry of Science and ICT in Korea via KBSI(Grant No.C524100).
文摘The lithium(Li)metal anode is regarded as the upcoming generation of battery anodes due to its high theoretical capacity(3860 mAh g^(-1))and low standard reduction potential(-3.04 vs SHE).Addressing challenges related to the formation of Li metal dendrites,such as short circuits and low Coulombic efficiency,is crucial for the practical implementation of Li metal anodes.Previous research on Li metal has primarily focus on the Li plating process for achieving homogeneous growth.However,our study highlights the significance of pit formation variations,which significantly influence Li growth behavior in subsequent cycles.Expanding on this understanding,we formulated electrochemical activation conditions to promote uniform pit formation,thereby doubling the cycle life in a symmetric cell,and increasing the capacity retention of NCM622||Li full-cell from 68.7%to 79.5%after 500 cycles.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1406200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12374004 and 12174141)the High Performance Computing Center of Jilin University,China。
文摘The discovery of pressure-induced superconducting electrides has sparked a intense wave of interest in novel superconductors.However,opinions vary regarding the relationship between non-nuclear attractors(NNAs)and superconductivity,with two opposing views currently represented by the materials Li_(6)P and Li_(6)C.Here,we choose the ternary Li–C–P as a model system and reveal the underlying mechanism by which NNAs contribute to superconductivity.The loosely bound NNAs in the superlithide Li_(14)CP covalently bond with Li and form unique satellite interstitial electrons(SIEs)around Li near the Fermi level,dominating the superconductivity.First-principles calculations show that the SIEs progressively increase in number and couple strongly with phonons at high pressure.Moreover,the Fermi surface nesting associated with SIEs induces phonon softening,further enhancing the electron–phonon coupling and giving the superlithide Li_(14)CP a T_(c)of 10.6 K at 300 GPa.The leading role of SIEs in superconductivity is a general one and is also relevant to the recently predicted Li_(6)P and Li_(6)C.Our work presented here reshapes the understanding of NNA-dominated superconductivity and holds promise for guiding future discoveries and designs of novel high-temperature superconductors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22179005,92372207)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022CX01017).
文摘Lithium metal is a compelling choice as an anode material for high-energy-density batteries,attributed to its elevated theoretical specific energy and low redox potential.Nevertheless,challenges arise due to its susceptibility to high-volume changes and the tendency for dendritic development during cycling,leading to restricted cycle life and diminished Coulombic efficiency(CE).Here,we innovatively engineered a kind of porous biocarbon to serve as the framework for a lithium metal anode,which boasts a heightened specific surface area and uniformly dispersed ZnO active sites,directly derived from metasequoia cambium.The porous structure efficiently mitigates local current density and alleviates the volume expansion of lithium.Also,incorporating the ZnO lithiophilic site notably reduces the nucleation overpotential to a mere 16 mV,facilitating the deposition of lithium in a compact form.As a result,this innovative material ensures an impressive CE of 98.5%for lithium plating/stripping over 500 cycles,a remarkable cycle life exceeding 1200 h in a Li symmetrical cell,and more than 82%capacity retention ratio after an astonishing 690 cycles in full cells.In all,such a rationally designed Li composite anode effectively mitigates volume change,enhances lithophilicity,and reduces local current density,thereby inhibiting dendrite formation.The preparation of a highperformance lithium anode frame proves the feasibility of using biocarbon in a lithium anode frame.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22379019,52172184)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2024YFHZ0313)S&T Special Program of Huzhou(No.2023GZ03)。
文摘Ultrathin Li-rich Li-Cu binary alloy has become a competitive anode material for Li metal batteries of high energy density.However,due to the poor-lithiophilicity of the single skeleton structure of Li-Cu alloy,it has limitations in inducing Li nucleation and improving electrochemical performance.Hence,we introduced Ag species to Li-Cu alloy to form a 30μm thick Li-rich Li-Cu-Ag ternary alloy(LCA)anode,with Li-Ag infinite solid solution as the active phase,and Cu-based finite solid solutions as three-dimensional(3D)skeleton.Such nano-wire networks with LiCu4 and CuxAgy finite solid solution phases were prepared through a facile melt coating technique,where Ag element can act as lithiophilic specie to enhance the lithiophilicity of built-in skeleton,and regulate the deposition behavior of Li effectively.Notably,the formation of CuxAgy solid solution can strengthen the structural stability of the skeleton,ensuring the geometrical integrity of Li anode,even at the fully delithiated state.Meanwhile,the Li-Ag infinite solid solution phase can promote the Li plating/stripping reversibility of the LCA anode with an improved coulombic efficiency(CE).The synergistic effect between infinite and finite solid solutions could render an enhanced electrochemical performance of Li metal batteries.The LCA|LCA symmetric cells showed a long lifespan of over 600 h with stable polarization voltage of 40 mV,in 1 mA·cm^(-2)/1 mAh·cm^(-2).In addition,the full cells matching our ultrathin LCA anode with 17.2 mg·cm^(-2)mass loading of LiFePO_(4) cathode,can continuously operate beyond 110 cycles at 0.5C,with a high capacity retention of 91.5%.Kindly check and confirm the edit made in the article title.
文摘This paper examines the translation of imagery metaphors in Qu Yuan’s Li Sao using an Embodied-Cognitive Translatology(ECT)approach.It investigates how the poem’s intricate metaphors,such as orchid(lan),pepper and cassia(jiao and jun’gui),and crescent eyebrows(emei),are translated into English while maintaining their cultural,emotional,and philosophical depth.The study explores the challenges translators face when rendering these culturally specific metaphors,and it identifies strategies such as literal translation,adaptation,substitution,and paraphrasing used by translators to preserve the metaphors’essence.Drawing on the principles of ECT,the paper examines how metaphors function not just as linguistic elements but as cognitive symbols embedded in cultural contexts,reflecting the translator’s cognitive processes.The research highlights the importance of aligning the translation process with the cognitive and emotional resonance of the original text,thus ensuring the metaphor’s full meaning is conveyed.This paper also discusses the broader implications of translating metaphors from ancient Chinese literature,offering insights into the complexities of cross-cultural translation.It concludes with suggestions for future research in translating classical Chinese works,focusing on improving the preservation of metaphorical and cultural integrity.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21702143,52303092)Talent Recruitment Project of Guangdong Province(No.2023QN10X078)+1 种基金Open Project of Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory Co.,Ltd(No.YPML-2023050278)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation Special Projects——GuangdongShenzhen Joint Funds(2022A1515110027)。
文摘The unprecedented growth of electric vehicles featuring lithium-ion batteries has led to a significant increase in the amount of waste generated,posing pressing waste management challenges for both industry professio nals and environmental regulators.To address these issues,conventio nal pyrometallurgical,hydrometallurgical,and direct recycling methods are commonly employed to promote sustainable battery development.However,these methods are often hindered by laborious purification processes and the generation of low-profit products such as Li_(2)CO_(3),CoSO_(4),NiSO_(4),etc.Herein,an upcycling technology involving a low-temperature solid-to-solid reaction and water leaching procedures is introduced to transform spent LiCoO_(2)cathode materials into value-added cobalt sulfide-based electrocatalysts.The regenerated electrocatalysts exhibit exceptional performance in the oxygen evolution reaction,surpassing that of the benchmark RuO_(2)catalyst.This proposed upcycling method provides researchers with an alternative way to convert the metallic components of waste lithium-ion batteries into high-value Co-,Ni-,Fe-,and Mn-based catalysts.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province,China(No.2023BAB108)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(No.2022CFB096)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22279093 and 22075216)。
文摘Lithium metal,with its exceptionally high theoretical capacity,emerges as the optimal anode choice for high-energy-density rechargeable batteries.Nevertheless,the practical application of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)is constrained by issues such as lithium dendrite growth and low Coulombic efficiency(CE).Herein,a roll-to-roll approach is adopted to prepare meter-scale,lithiophilic Sn-modified Cu mesh(Sn@Cu mesh)as the current collector for long-cycle lithium metal batteries.The two-dimensional(2D)nucleation mechanism on Sn@Cu mesh electrodes promotes a uniform Li flux,facilitating the deposition of Li metal in a large granular morphology.Simultaneously,experimental and computational analyses revealed that the distribution of the electric field in the Cu mesh skeleton induces Li inward growth,thereby generating a uniform,dense composite Li anode.Moreover,the Sn@Cu mesh-Li symmetrical cell demonstrates stable cycling for over 2000 h with an ultra-low 10 mV voltage polarization.In Li||Cu half-cells,the Sn@Cu mesh electrode demonstrates stable cycling for 100 cycles at a high areal capacity of 5 mAh·cm^(-2),achieving a CE of 99.2%.This study introduces a simple and large-scale approach for the production of lithiophilic three-dimensional(3D)current collectors,providing more possibilities for the scalable application of Li metal batteries.
基金financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(22271178,U2032131,21972103)International Cooperation Key Project of Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi,China(2022KWZ-06)+3 种基金the Youth Talent Promotion Project of Science and Technology Association of Universities of Shaanxi Province(20210602)Research Project of Xi’an Science and Technology Bureau(2022GXFW0011)Science and Technology New Star in Shaanxi Province(2023KJXX-045)Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education Service Local Special Project,Industrialization Cultivation Project(23JC007)。
文摘Lithium(Li)deposition and nucleation at solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)is the main origin for the capacity decay in Li metal batteries(LMBs).SEI conversion with enhanced electrochemical and mechanical properties is an effective approach to achieve uniform nucleation of Li^(+)and stabilize the lithium metal anode.However,complex interfacial reaction mechanisms and interface compatibility issues hinder the development of SEI conversion strategies for stabilizing lithium metal anodes.Herein,we presented the release of I_(3)^(-)in–NH_(2)-modified metal–organic frameworks for a Li metal surface SEI phase conversion strategy.The–NH_(2)group in MOF pores induced the formation of I_(3)^(-)from I_(2),which was further spontaneously reacted with inactive Li_(2)O transforming into high-performance LiI and LiIO_(3)interphase.Furthermore,theoretical calculation provided deeply insight into the unique reconstructed interfacial formation and electrochemical mechanism of rich LiI and LiIO_(3)SEI.As a result,the Li^(+)deposition and nucleation were improved,facilitating the transport kinetics of Li^(+)and inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrites.The assembled solid-state Li||LiFePO_(4)full cells exhibited superior long-term stability of 800 cycles and high Coulombic efficiency(>99%),Li||LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)pouch cell also displayed superior practical performance over 200 cycles at 2 C,high loading of 5 mg cm^(-2)and safety performance.This innovative SEI design strategy promotes the development of high-performance solid-state Li metal batteries.
基金the financial support from the 261Project of MIIT and Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20240179)。
文摘The ineluctable introduction of lithium salt to polymer solid-state electrolytes incurs a compromise between strength,ionic conductivity,and thickness.Here,we propose Al_(2)O_(3)-coated polyimide(AO/PI)porous film as a high-strength substrate to support fast-ion-conducting polymer-in-salt(PIS)solid-state electrolytes,aiming to suppress lithium dendrite growth and improve full-cell performance.The Al_(2)O_(3)coating layer not only refines the wettability of polyimide porous film to PIS,but also performs as a high modulus protective layer to suppress the growth of lithium dendrites.The resulting PI/AO@PIS exhibits a small thickness of only 35μm with an outstanding tensile strength of 11.3 MPa and Young's modulus of 537.6 MPa.In addition,the PI/AO@PIS delivers a high ionic conductivity of 0.1 m S/cm at 25°C.As a result,the PI/AO@PIS enables symmetric Li cells to achieve exceptional cyclability for over 1000 h at 0.1 m A/cm2without noticeable lithium dendrite formation.Moreover,the PI/AO@PIS-based LiFePO4||Li full cells demonstrate outstanding rate performance(125.7 m Ah/g at 5 C)and impressive cycling stability(96.1%capacity retention at 1 C after 200 cycles).This work highlights the efficacy of enhancing the mechanical properties of polymer matrices and extending cell performance through the incorporation of a dense inorganic interface layer.
文摘In the original publication,incorrect version of Corresponding authors has been published.You-Yuan Huang and Bo Wang should be corresponding authors.The corrected Correspondingg authors are provided in this correction.
