Seventeen morphological and anatomical characteristics of the leaves were selected from five natural populations to explore the variation in leaf traits of Lits ea core ana var.sinensis and the effects of geographical...Seventeen morphological and anatomical characteristics of the leaves were selected from five natural populations to explore the variation in leaf traits of Lits ea core ana var.sinensis and the effects of geographical environment on these variations.Nested analysis of variance,multiple comparisons,principal component analysis(PCA),and correlation analysis were conducted to explore the variations within and between populations and their correlation with geographical and climatic factors.Significant differences in the 17 leaf traits were observed within and among populations.On average,the relative contribution of within population variation to total variation was 24.8%,which was lower than among population variation(54.6%).The average differentiation coefficient of the traits was 65.8%,and the average coefficient of variation 11.8%,ranging from6.7%for main vein thickness to 21.4%for petiole length.The PC A results showed that morphological characteristics were divided into two categories,and the level of variation was greater than that of leaf anatomy.Most of the leaf traits were significantly correlated with geography and climate and showed a gradual variation with longitude,latitude,and altitude.In areas with high temperatures,less rainfall,and strong seasonal rainfall,the leaves are larger,longer and thicker.This study shows that variations in leaf traits of L.coreana var.sinensis mainly come from variations among populations.The level of trait differentiation among populations is high and the level of variation within populations low.These findings help further understand leaf morphological characteristics of this species and can provide a valuable reference for the protection and sustainable utilization of this natural resource.展开更多
Studying the dynamics of plant populations is crucial to the conservation and management of endangered plants.The diameter at breast height(DBH),tree height,crown width,and environmental factors of a total of 15 plots...Studying the dynamics of plant populations is crucial to the conservation and management of endangered plants.The diameter at breast height(DBH),tree height,crown width,and environmental factors of a total of 15 plots in five populations in Guizhou Province,China were measured in this study.The method of substituting diameter at breast height for age was used to divide the population into 7 age classes.The age structure,static life table,and relationship between the population characteristics and environmental factors of the Litsea coreana Levl.var.sinensis population were studied.Moreover,the time series model was used to predict the population dynamics.Results showed that the age structure of population in Zhengan County(Population ZA)had an inverted Jshape with abundant seedlings and insufficient middle-aged and elderly individuals.The age structures of populations in Daozhen County(Population DZ),Kaiyang County(KY),Meitan County(Population MT),and Xishui County(Population XS)were spindle-shaped with few young individuals and many middle-aged and elderly individuals.The mortality rate of each population fluctuated with the increase in age class,and the populations were extremely unstable.The survival curve was close to the Deevey III type,and the degree of deviation was related to the lack of young individuals.After the age stages II,IV,and VI,the number of aged plants in the different populations initially increased then decreased,and population stability was difficult to maintain.Redundancy analysis showed that the DBH,tree height and crown width of the population decreased with the increase of annual mean temperature,and the population density was restricted by soil nutrient conditions to a certain extent.The results of this work provide scientific basis for the conservation and sustainable utilization of natural populations of L.coreana var.sinensis in Guizhou Province,China.展开更多
Litsea coreana Levl.var.sinensis has developed four heteromorphic leaf types to adapt to the local environment.This study investigated functional traits of four heteromorphic leaf types associated with leaf morphology...Litsea coreana Levl.var.sinensis has developed four heteromorphic leaf types to adapt to the local environment.This study investigated functional traits of four heteromorphic leaf types associated with leaf morphology,anatomy,photosynthesis,and activity compounds,to elucidate their niche differentiation within a single tree.Lanceolate(La)type had the largest leaf length(LL=8.4 cm),leaf shape index(LSI=2.8),leaf perimeter(LP=18.5 cm),but low palisade tissue thickness(TPTT),light saturation point(LSP),and light compensation point(LCP),allowing them suited for varied positions and mild,humid climates.Ovoid(Ov)and orbiculate(Or)types had highest leaf thickness(LT=0.2 mm)and high TPTT(66.9 and 63.9μm),high chlorophyll(0.695 and 0.696 mg g^(−1)),high net photosynthetic rate(PNmax=8.1 and 6.6μmol m^(-2)s^(−1)),high total flavonoid content(TFC=45.2 and 47.7 mg g^(−1)),indicating their adaptation to top and edge canopy positions with high temperatures and light conditions.Oblanceolate(Ob)type had largest SLA(117.2 cm^(2)g^(−1))and high dark respiration rate(R_(d)),but low TPTT and chlorophyll,which is important for shade adaptation in the lower canopy.Overall,LSI increased with the increases of LL,the higher value of TPTT,the greater value of P/S(Palisade/Spongy)was observed,and as the increases of LSP,PNmax gradually increased.Three principal components were extracted with a cumulative contribution of 75.2%,of which the Ov type had the highest value.Our findings provided evidence that the presence of heteromorphic leaf types facilitates the utilization resources of different microhabitat by L.coreana Levl.var.sinensis.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060349)China Scholarship Council([2021]15)。
文摘Seventeen morphological and anatomical characteristics of the leaves were selected from five natural populations to explore the variation in leaf traits of Lits ea core ana var.sinensis and the effects of geographical environment on these variations.Nested analysis of variance,multiple comparisons,principal component analysis(PCA),and correlation analysis were conducted to explore the variations within and between populations and their correlation with geographical and climatic factors.Significant differences in the 17 leaf traits were observed within and among populations.On average,the relative contribution of within population variation to total variation was 24.8%,which was lower than among population variation(54.6%).The average differentiation coefficient of the traits was 65.8%,and the average coefficient of variation 11.8%,ranging from6.7%for main vein thickness to 21.4%for petiole length.The PC A results showed that morphological characteristics were divided into two categories,and the level of variation was greater than that of leaf anatomy.Most of the leaf traits were significantly correlated with geography and climate and showed a gradual variation with longitude,latitude,and altitude.In areas with high temperatures,less rainfall,and strong seasonal rainfall,the leaves are larger,longer and thicker.This study shows that variations in leaf traits of L.coreana var.sinensis mainly come from variations among populations.The level of trait differentiation among populations is high and the level of variation within populations low.These findings help further understand leaf morphological characteristics of this species and can provide a valuable reference for the protection and sustainable utilization of this natural resource.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060349)China Scholarship Council([2021]15)。
文摘Studying the dynamics of plant populations is crucial to the conservation and management of endangered plants.The diameter at breast height(DBH),tree height,crown width,and environmental factors of a total of 15 plots in five populations in Guizhou Province,China were measured in this study.The method of substituting diameter at breast height for age was used to divide the population into 7 age classes.The age structure,static life table,and relationship between the population characteristics and environmental factors of the Litsea coreana Levl.var.sinensis population were studied.Moreover,the time series model was used to predict the population dynamics.Results showed that the age structure of population in Zhengan County(Population ZA)had an inverted Jshape with abundant seedlings and insufficient middle-aged and elderly individuals.The age structures of populations in Daozhen County(Population DZ),Kaiyang County(KY),Meitan County(Population MT),and Xishui County(Population XS)were spindle-shaped with few young individuals and many middle-aged and elderly individuals.The mortality rate of each population fluctuated with the increase in age class,and the populations were extremely unstable.The survival curve was close to the Deevey III type,and the degree of deviation was related to the lack of young individuals.After the age stages II,IV,and VI,the number of aged plants in the different populations initially increased then decreased,and population stability was difficult to maintain.Redundancy analysis showed that the DBH,tree height and crown width of the population decreased with the increase of annual mean temperature,and the population density was restricted by soil nutrient conditions to a certain extent.The results of this work provide scientific basis for the conservation and sustainable utilization of natural populations of L.coreana var.sinensis in Guizhou Province,China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060349)。
文摘Litsea coreana Levl.var.sinensis has developed four heteromorphic leaf types to adapt to the local environment.This study investigated functional traits of four heteromorphic leaf types associated with leaf morphology,anatomy,photosynthesis,and activity compounds,to elucidate their niche differentiation within a single tree.Lanceolate(La)type had the largest leaf length(LL=8.4 cm),leaf shape index(LSI=2.8),leaf perimeter(LP=18.5 cm),but low palisade tissue thickness(TPTT),light saturation point(LSP),and light compensation point(LCP),allowing them suited for varied positions and mild,humid climates.Ovoid(Ov)and orbiculate(Or)types had highest leaf thickness(LT=0.2 mm)and high TPTT(66.9 and 63.9μm),high chlorophyll(0.695 and 0.696 mg g^(−1)),high net photosynthetic rate(PNmax=8.1 and 6.6μmol m^(-2)s^(−1)),high total flavonoid content(TFC=45.2 and 47.7 mg g^(−1)),indicating their adaptation to top and edge canopy positions with high temperatures and light conditions.Oblanceolate(Ob)type had largest SLA(117.2 cm^(2)g^(−1))and high dark respiration rate(R_(d)),but low TPTT and chlorophyll,which is important for shade adaptation in the lower canopy.Overall,LSI increased with the increases of LL,the higher value of TPTT,the greater value of P/S(Palisade/Spongy)was observed,and as the increases of LSP,PNmax gradually increased.Three principal components were extracted with a cumulative contribution of 75.2%,of which the Ov type had the highest value.Our findings provided evidence that the presence of heteromorphic leaf types facilitates the utilization resources of different microhabitat by L.coreana Levl.var.sinensis.
