[Objective] The aim was to carry out study on tissue culture of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya. [Method] The seeds of L. cyrtobotrya were used as materials to study on its tissue culture. [Result] The best sterilization time t...[Objective] The aim was to carry out study on tissue culture of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya. [Method] The seeds of L. cyrtobotrya were used as materials to study on its tissue culture. [Result] The best sterilization time to L. cyrtobotrya seeds was 8 min with 2.1% NaClO,in which shooting percent reached 37.8% and no polluted situations occurred. In the primary culture with the MS as basal medium,the concentration of 6-BA showed a significant effect on the index of buds differentiation,the optimum differentiation culture medium was MS＋BA 1.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.1 mg/L＋2,4-D 0.01 mg/L,on which the index of generation could reach 6.69. The optimum subculture medium was MS＋6-BA 1.0 mg/L＋2,4-D 0.05 mg/L. The plants can generate the highest roots and rooting percent with IBA 0.50 mg/L. [Conclusion] This study had provided theoretical basis for genetic improvement of L. cyrtobotrya.展开更多
Pretreatment of lespedeza stalks by steam explosion has been studied. The results indicate that steam-exploded pretreatment has strong effects on physical features, morphology, crystallinity, and composition of lesped...Pretreatment of lespedeza stalks by steam explosion has been studied. The results indicate that steam-exploded pretreatment has strong effects on physical features, morphology, crystallinity, and composition of lespedeza stalks as shown by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, infrared （IR）, and X-ray diffraction spectrometry methods. After steam explosion, the cellulose and lignin contents of lespedeza stalks varied only slightly, but the hemicellulose content had decreased from 29.34% to 7.48%. The cellulose obtained by steam-exploded pretreatment had a higher degree of crystallinity than that of the raw material. At the explosion condition of 2.25 MPa and 4 min, lignocellulose is easier to hydrolyze by enzyme than the original lignocellulose. The concentration of reduced sugar in the hydrolyzate liquid increased from 71.77 to 162.84 g·L^-1.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities along with total phenolic and flavonoids contents extracted from Lespedeza bicolor indigenous to Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa Pakistan.METHODS: An...OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities along with total phenolic and flavonoids contents extracted from Lespedeza bicolor indigenous to Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa Pakistan.METHODS: Anticancer activity against human lung carcinoma(LU-1) and human prostate carcinoma(Ln Cap), antimicrobial against Aspergillus fumigates, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, Mucor sp Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterococcus and antioxidant activity on 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazy(DPPH) and Hydrogen peroxide radicals scavenging activity were assessed in methanol extract o Lespedeza bicolor.RESULTS: Lespedeza bicolor aerial parts and root extract showed IC_(50)value of 12.5 and 50 μg/m L against LU-1 whereas, ≤ 12.5 and 12 μg/m L were calculated against Ln Cap cell line. Minimum inhibition concentration(MIC) value of 20-35 μg/m L has been observed against Aspergillus fumigates, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani and Mucor sp in comparision with 1-2.5 μg/m L of Terbinafine used as a standard fungicide. MIC value of 20 and 35 μg/m L of Lespedeza bicolor aerial parts and root extract against bacterial pathogen Klebsiella pneumonia and 20-50 μg/m L against Enterococcus has been measured. DPPH radical scavenging activity of Lespedeza bicolor with IC_(50)values of ≤ 50 μg/m L and ≤ 200 μg/m L was observed whereas, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity with IC_(50)values of ≤25 μg/m L for aerial parts and ≤ 50 μg/m L for the root extract of Lespedeza bicolor has been shown.CONCLUSION: These data suggested that the methanolic extract of Lespedeza bicolor could be potential candidates for natural antioxidants and anticancer.展开更多
Lespedeza stalks were subjected to steam pretreatment at 210℃ for some steaming time before simultaneous saccharification and fermentation （SSF）. Cellulose-derived glucose was extensively utilized by yeast during S...Lespedeza stalks were subjected to steam pretreatment at 210℃ for some steaming time before simultaneous saccharification and fermentation （SSF）. Cellulose-derived glucose was extensively utilized by yeast during SSE The ethanol yields after steam pretreatment of the lespedeza stalks at 210℃ were 59.3%, 72.8% and 62.2% of the theoretically expected values when the steaming times were 2, 4 and 6 min, respectively. The highest yield from α-cellulose was 92.7% of the theoretical value. Steam explosion pretreatment of lespedeza stalks increased ethanol yields by a factor of 4.4, from 16.4% （untreated） to 72.8% （steam explosion pretreated）.展开更多
Lespedeza bicolor Turcz is a native shrub in the temperate region of China. Thirteen provenances of L. bicolor were investigated in our study. Morphological diversity among and within provenances were analyzed based o...Lespedeza bicolor Turcz is a native shrub in the temperate region of China. Thirteen provenances of L. bicolor were investigated in our study. Morphological diversity among and within provenances were analyzed based on 19 phenotypic traits, including seven vegetative growth characteristics, nine floral traits and three pod characteristics. The coefficient of variation （CV） ranged from 6.4% to 65.4% and the phenotypic differentiation coefficient from 43.3% to 97.3%. Analyses of variance showed that there were extremely significant variations among and within provenances in pod length. Differences in plant height, inter-nodal length, number of branches, leaf width, leaf length and leaf area were not remarkable among provenance, but distinct within provenances. Other traits showed evidence of contrasts. Variation among provenances was the main part of phenotypic variation. Correlation analysis indicated that there were highly significant positive correlations between plant height and other vegetative growth characteristics. Floral traits were not associated with vegetative growth characteristics. The 13 provenances of L. bicolor investigated can be classified into three groups according to a UPGMA cluster analysis.展开更多
In order to find the optimal bacteriostatic agents and selectors and their concentrations in genetic transformation of Lespedeza bicolor with BADH as a marker gene, an resistance experiment was carried out with four c...In order to find the optimal bacteriostatic agents and selectors and their concentrations in genetic transformation of Lespedeza bicolor with BADH as a marker gene, an resistance experiment was carried out with four chemicals, NaCl, betaine aldehyde, PEG and cefotaxime （Cef） added into the media, Different concentrations and combinations of different chemicals were added into the media in the stage of adventitious bud regeneration of cotyledonary nodes, Shoot segment multiplication, and rooting. The results showed that NaCI and betaine aldehyde could inhibit tissue differentiation of L. bicolor, and could thus be used as selectors. Furthermore, 0.8 g/L NaCI could completely inhibit the cotytedonary node differentiation and shoot segment multiplication, and 0.5 g/L NaCI was optimal for inhibition of rooting. It was also found that with the concentration increase of betaine aldehyde in media, adventitious buds regenerated from cotyledonary nodes decreased, and 1.5 g/L was confirmed to be the optimum concentration. Moreover, the mixture of 0.7 g/L NaCI and 0.3 g/L betaine aldehyde significantly inhibited shoot segment multiplication and rooting, so this mixture could be used asa selector. The Cef ex- periment showed that 200-300 mg/L C, ef in media did not inhibit significantly the regeneration of adventitious buds from cotyledonary nodes, and 100 mg/L Cef had little effect on the shoot segment multiplication and rooting.展开更多
Effect of ensiled sericea lespedeza(SL,Lespedeza cuneata)on indicators of gastrointestinal parasitism was investigated in two trials using intact male Spanish goats(n=36/trial).Naturally parasite-infected animals at 2...Effect of ensiled sericea lespedeza(SL,Lespedeza cuneata)on indicators of gastrointestinal parasitism was investigated in two trials using intact male Spanish goats(n=36/trial).Naturally parasite-infected animals at 24.4±3.7 kg body weight(BW)and nine months of age or 24.6±0.57 kg BW at 4-6 months of age were used for 28 d or 21 d for Trials 1 and 2,respectively.For Trial 1,goats were fed SL silage(SLS),SL hay(SLH),or Bermuda grass(BG,Cynodon dactylon)hay at 70%of the diet.For Trial 2,goats were provided with SLH or SLS and orally drenched with distilled water(Hay or silage plus water,HW and SW,respectively)or polyethylene glycol(PEG;SLS only;SP)daily.Fecal and blood samples were collected weekly to determine gastrointestinal nematode fecal egg counts(FEC)and coccidia fecal oocyst counts(FOC)per gram of feces and blood packed cell volume(PCV).The SL diets significantly reduced(p<0.05)FEC and FOC in both trials,with the SLH diet reducing FEC 7 d faster compared to SLS.In PEG-treated goats,FOC tended to increase(p<0.07)at day 7 before decreasing.There was no treatment effect on PCV scores.Overall,SLH and SLS reduced fecal egg and oocyst counts in goats,but PEG results were inconclusive,so more research is needed.展开更多
Two 42-day feeding trials in pens were completed with young goats(Spanish,intact male,six months old,n=29 Trial 1;n=20 Trial 2)to determine the anti-parasitic bioactivity of whole plant and leaf only sericea lespedeza...Two 42-day feeding trials in pens were completed with young goats(Spanish,intact male,six months old,n=29 Trial 1;n=20 Trial 2)to determine the anti-parasitic bioactivity of whole plant and leaf only sericea lespedeza(SL;Lespedeza cuneata)fed as a ground meal or in pelleted form.In Trial 1,goats were fed SL leaf only pellets,SL whole plant pellets,or a commercial goat pellet as 50%of a complete ration,while in Trial 2,kids were fed either ground SL leaf meal or ground whole plant SL meal as 25%of a complete ration.Fecal samples were collected weekly for determination of gastrointestinal nematode(GIN)fecal egg counts(FEC)and coccidia fecal oocyst counts(FOC).In Trial 1,both of the pelleted SL rations reduced FEC(p<0.06)relative to the kids fed the control ration,and for FOC,there were lower values on Days 7 to 42 relative to Day 0 for goats on either pelleted SL diet,while FOC for control animals did not change over time(interaction,p<0.01).In Trial 2,both ground whole plant and leaf only SL diets reduced(p<0.05)FEC of the goats over time,but the effect was faster in the kids on the SL leaf meal ration.At 50%of the diet,SL leaf and whole plant meal pellets were equally effective against GIN egg and coccidial oocyst production in young kids,but SL leaf meal was more effective in reducing GIN egg production than whole plant SL meal when fed at 25%of the diet.展开更多
Feeding pelleted sericea lespedeza （SL; Lespedeza cuneata） on pasture can reduce gastrointestinal nematode （GIN） and coccidia （Eimeria spp.） infection in sheep and goats, but effects on nutritional status are un...Feeding pelleted sericea lespedeza （SL; Lespedeza cuneata） on pasture can reduce gastrointestinal nematode （GIN） and coccidia （Eimeria spp.） infection in sheep and goats, but effects on nutritional status are unclear. Therefore, a study was completed comparing yearling goats grazing grass pasture supplemented with SL or non-condensed tannins （CT） commercial pellets （control group）, respectively, at 1.5% of body weight for 14 weeks, and then after 14 weeks, they were only fed with non-CT pellets at 2.5% of body weight for additional six weeks. Animal body weight was measured at the start of the trial, the 7th week, 14th week and end of the trial. Fecal samples were taken weekly to determine GIN egg output （fecal egg count; FEC） and coccidial oocyst production （fecal oocyst count; FOC）. Blood samples （to determine packed cell volume; PCV） were taken weekly to monitor anemia status of the goats, and on days 0, 98 and 137 to determine aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and creatine kinase （CK）. The study revealed that supplemental SL leaf meal pellets had no effect on FEC, but reduced FOC （P 〈 0.05） and improved FAMACHA~ scores （P 〈 0.001） in the goats, and the SL supplemented goats tended to gain more weight （P = 0.07） than control animals during the first 49 d, following initiation of pellet feeding. There were no treatment effects on enzymes related to liver function or muscle turnover （AST, ALT and CK）, suggesting that there was no muscle damage due to long-term feeding of SL pellets. In conclusion, feeding supplemental SL pellets at 1.5% of body weight on pasture may be a viable strategy for improving health and productivity of yearling goats.展开更多
Sericea lespedeza （Lespedeza cuneata （Dum. Cours.） G. Don.） has historically been called ＂poor man＇s alfalfa＂, because of its ability to grow on marginal soil with the minimal inputs of lime or fertilizer. With...Sericea lespedeza （Lespedeza cuneata （Dum. Cours.） G. Don.） has historically been called ＂poor man＇s alfalfa＂, because of its ability to grow on marginal soil with the minimal inputs of lime or fertilizer. With recent research detailing the potential health benefits of this forage to animals, it may be time for a new nickname. Although sericea lespedeza has been used for soil conservation and as an inexpensive （low-input） source of pasture or hay crop for nearly 100 years, research over the last 10-15 years has demonstrated the excellent bioactivity of this plant against infection with gastrointestinal nematodes （Haemonchus contortus） and protozoan parasites （Eimeria spp.） in livestock. This bioactivity, which has been attributed to a unique type of condensed tannins （CT）, has been confirmed in both fresh （grazed） and dried （hay, meal, pellets） forms of sericea lespedeza in a number of studies with sheep, goats, and cattle. There is on-going research with this forage to determine the effect of ensiling on its bioactive properties and to validate its anti-parasitic effects on-farm. Future research will focus on determining the mode of action of sericea lespedeza tannins against internal parasites and the interplay between the nutritional value and the health benefits of this plant.展开更多
In this investigation,fresh sericea lespedeza(SL;Lespedeza cuneata)and alfalfa(Medicago sativa)were cut in the field,frozen,chopped and mixed into ratios of 100:0,75:25,50:50,25:75 and 0:100,respectively,with each tre...In this investigation,fresh sericea lespedeza(SL;Lespedeza cuneata)and alfalfa(Medicago sativa)were cut in the field,frozen,chopped and mixed into ratios of 100:0,75:25,50:50,25:75 and 0:100,respectively,with each treatment combination packed into 12 mini-silos and sealed to be air-tight.Three mini-silos per treatment were opened after 1,7,21 and 84 d of ensiling and analyzed for pH,neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF),and acid detergent lignin(ADL),unbound and bound condensed tannins(CT),nitrogen(N),nitrate N(NO3-N),and ammonia N(NH4+N)content.All of the forage combinations ensiled well,with a rapid drop in pH(below 5.0 by Day 7).Fiber concentrations(NDF,ADF,ADL)were greater in 75% and 100% SL silages than in 0%,25% and 50% SL samples by Day 84 of the study,possibly due to interference of CT in the detergent analysis system.Concentrations of N,NO3-N and NH4+N were decreased in silages as percentage SL in the mixture increased,while unbound,bound and total CT increased as percentage SL increased.In this study,there was reduced proteolysis during ensiling of combinations of SL and alfalfa,as indicated by reduced NO3-N and NH4+N production as percentage SL in the silage mixtures increased.展开更多
This study examines a management strategy for restoring grassland and prairie communities that have become degraded due to high density stands of invasive nitrogen-fixing plants. The novel management applications mini...This study examines a management strategy for restoring grassland and prairie communities that have become degraded due to high density stands of invasive nitrogen-fixing plants. The novel management applications minimize the use of herbicides and maximize the competitive interactions of native species. The management method includes two seasons of application of organic fertilizer （4-1-4）, an initial herbicide （Pasture Gard, Dow Agro） application, and mowing, where mowing was a necessary treatment to control secondary growth in prairie habitats, to control high density patches of Lespedeza （L.） Cuneata, in a completely randomized factorial experiment. The herbicide was effective in reducing L. Cuneate stem density 0 stems/m^2 from an initial 88 stems/m^2 with cover reduced to 0% from 16%. The fertilizer only treatment reduced L. Cuneata percent cover to 6% from initial cover of 16%, but did not reduce the number of stems. The management strategy is an effective fast step in restoring a native prairie invaded by a nitrogen-fixing plant.展开更多
Ultra-drying(in a desiccator with silica gel)and accelerated aging(50 oC,30 d)of Lespedeza bicolor seeds from the arid and semiarid areas of northwest China were studied.The results showed that in the moisture content...Ultra-drying(in a desiccator with silica gel)and accelerated aging(50 oC,30 d)of Lespedeza bicolor seeds from the arid and semiarid areas of northwest China were studied.The results showed that in the moisture content of seed(43?70 g/kg),germination percentage and vigor indices had no significant differences;ultra-dried seeds had a stronger anti-aging ability than those with natural drying,and the best MC for the storage was 43 g/kg.Therefore,it was feasible to store L.bicolor seeds with ultra-dried moisture content.展开更多
Two new phenylpropanoid glycosides named cuneataside E (1) and cuneataside F (2), were isolated from the aerial parts of Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don, whose structures were E and Z isomer, respectively. Thei...Two new phenylpropanoid glycosides named cuneataside E (1) and cuneataside F (2), were isolated from the aerial parts of Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don, whose structures were E and Z isomer, respectively. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR). In in vitro bioassays at 10 mu mol/L, compound 1 showed moderate hepatoprotective activity against N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP)-induced toxicity in HeG2 cells. (C) 2016 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND展开更多
基金Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2002AA241111 )Introduction of International Advanced Agricultural Science and Technology Program " 948 "(2001-25)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to carry out study on tissue culture of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya. [Method] The seeds of L. cyrtobotrya were used as materials to study on its tissue culture. [Result] The best sterilization time to L. cyrtobotrya seeds was 8 min with 2.1% NaClO,in which shooting percent reached 37.8% and no polluted situations occurred. In the primary culture with the MS as basal medium,the concentration of 6-BA showed a significant effect on the index of buds differentiation,the optimum differentiation culture medium was MS＋BA 1.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.1 mg/L＋2,4-D 0.01 mg/L,on which the index of generation could reach 6.69. The optimum subculture medium was MS＋6-BA 1.0 mg/L＋2,4-D 0.05 mg/L. The plants can generate the highest roots and rooting percent with IBA 0.50 mg/L. [Conclusion] This study had provided theoretical basis for genetic improvement of L. cyrtobotrya.
文摘Pretreatment of lespedeza stalks by steam explosion has been studied. The results indicate that steam-exploded pretreatment has strong effects on physical features, morphology, crystallinity, and composition of lespedeza stalks as shown by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, infrared （IR）, and X-ray diffraction spectrometry methods. After steam explosion, the cellulose and lignin contents of lespedeza stalks varied only slightly, but the hemicellulose content had decreased from 29.34% to 7.48%. The cellulose obtained by steam-exploded pretreatment had a higher degree of crystallinity than that of the raw material. At the explosion condition of 2.25 MPa and 4 min, lignocellulose is easier to hydrolyze by enzyme than the original lignocellulose. The concentration of reduced sugar in the hydrolyzate liquid increased from 71.77 to 162.84 g·L^-1.
基金Supported by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan(IRSIP)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities along with total phenolic and flavonoids contents extracted from Lespedeza bicolor indigenous to Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa Pakistan.METHODS: Anticancer activity against human lung carcinoma(LU-1) and human prostate carcinoma(Ln Cap), antimicrobial against Aspergillus fumigates, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, Mucor sp Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterococcus and antioxidant activity on 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazy(DPPH) and Hydrogen peroxide radicals scavenging activity were assessed in methanol extract o Lespedeza bicolor.RESULTS: Lespedeza bicolor aerial parts and root extract showed IC_(50)value of 12.5 and 50 μg/m L against LU-1 whereas, ≤ 12.5 and 12 μg/m L were calculated against Ln Cap cell line. Minimum inhibition concentration(MIC) value of 20-35 μg/m L has been observed against Aspergillus fumigates, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani and Mucor sp in comparision with 1-2.5 μg/m L of Terbinafine used as a standard fungicide. MIC value of 20 and 35 μg/m L of Lespedeza bicolor aerial parts and root extract against bacterial pathogen Klebsiella pneumonia and 20-50 μg/m L against Enterococcus has been measured. DPPH radical scavenging activity of Lespedeza bicolor with IC_(50)values of ≤ 50 μg/m L and ≤ 200 μg/m L was observed whereas, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity with IC_(50)values of ≤25 μg/m L for aerial parts and ≤ 50 μg/m L for the root extract of Lespedeza bicolor has been shown.CONCLUSION: These data suggested that the methanolic extract of Lespedeza bicolor could be potential candidates for natural antioxidants and anticancer.
文摘Lespedeza stalks were subjected to steam pretreatment at 210℃ for some steaming time before simultaneous saccharification and fermentation （SSF）. Cellulose-derived glucose was extensively utilized by yeast during SSE The ethanol yields after steam pretreatment of the lespedeza stalks at 210℃ were 59.3%, 72.8% and 62.2% of the theoretically expected values when the steaming times were 2, 4 and 6 min, respectively. The highest yield from α-cellulose was 92.7% of the theoretical value. Steam explosion pretreatment of lespedeza stalks increased ethanol yields by a factor of 4.4, from 16.4% （untreated） to 72.8% （steam explosion pretreated）.
文摘Lespedeza bicolor Turcz is a native shrub in the temperate region of China. Thirteen provenances of L. bicolor were investigated in our study. Morphological diversity among and within provenances were analyzed based on 19 phenotypic traits, including seven vegetative growth characteristics, nine floral traits and three pod characteristics. The coefficient of variation （CV） ranged from 6.4% to 65.4% and the phenotypic differentiation coefficient from 43.3% to 97.3%. Analyses of variance showed that there were extremely significant variations among and within provenances in pod length. Differences in plant height, inter-nodal length, number of branches, leaf width, leaf length and leaf area were not remarkable among provenance, but distinct within provenances. Other traits showed evidence of contrasts. Variation among provenances was the main part of phenotypic variation. Correlation analysis indicated that there were highly significant positive correlations between plant height and other vegetative growth characteristics. Floral traits were not associated with vegetative growth characteristics. The 13 provenances of L. bicolor investigated can be classified into three groups according to a UPGMA cluster analysis.
基金Supported by The Agricultural Science and Technology Project of Beijing(PXM2016-014207-000053)~~
文摘In order to find the optimal bacteriostatic agents and selectors and their concentrations in genetic transformation of Lespedeza bicolor with BADH as a marker gene, an resistance experiment was carried out with four chemicals, NaCl, betaine aldehyde, PEG and cefotaxime （Cef） added into the media, Different concentrations and combinations of different chemicals were added into the media in the stage of adventitious bud regeneration of cotyledonary nodes, Shoot segment multiplication, and rooting. The results showed that NaCI and betaine aldehyde could inhibit tissue differentiation of L. bicolor, and could thus be used as selectors. Furthermore, 0.8 g/L NaCI could completely inhibit the cotytedonary node differentiation and shoot segment multiplication, and 0.5 g/L NaCI was optimal for inhibition of rooting. It was also found that with the concentration increase of betaine aldehyde in media, adventitious buds regenerated from cotyledonary nodes decreased, and 1.5 g/L was confirmed to be the optimum concentration. Moreover, the mixture of 0.7 g/L NaCI and 0.3 g/L betaine aldehyde significantly inhibited shoot segment multiplication and rooting, so this mixture could be used asa selector. The Cef ex- periment showed that 200-300 mg/L C, ef in media did not inhibit significantly the regeneration of adventitious buds from cotyledonary nodes, and 100 mg/L Cef had little effect on the shoot segment multiplication and rooting.
文摘Effect of ensiled sericea lespedeza(SL,Lespedeza cuneata)on indicators of gastrointestinal parasitism was investigated in two trials using intact male Spanish goats(n=36/trial).Naturally parasite-infected animals at 24.4±3.7 kg body weight(BW)and nine months of age or 24.6±0.57 kg BW at 4-6 months of age were used for 28 d or 21 d for Trials 1 and 2,respectively.For Trial 1,goats were fed SL silage(SLS),SL hay(SLH),or Bermuda grass(BG,Cynodon dactylon)hay at 70%of the diet.For Trial 2,goats were provided with SLH or SLS and orally drenched with distilled water(Hay or silage plus water,HW and SW,respectively)or polyethylene glycol(PEG;SLS only;SP)daily.Fecal and blood samples were collected weekly to determine gastrointestinal nematode fecal egg counts(FEC)and coccidia fecal oocyst counts(FOC)per gram of feces and blood packed cell volume(PCV).The SL diets significantly reduced(p<0.05)FEC and FOC in both trials,with the SLH diet reducing FEC 7 d faster compared to SLS.In PEG-treated goats,FOC tended to increase(p<0.07)at day 7 before decreasing.There was no treatment effect on PCV scores.Overall,SLH and SLS reduced fecal egg and oocyst counts in goats,but PEG results were inconclusive,so more research is needed.
文摘Two 42-day feeding trials in pens were completed with young goats(Spanish,intact male,six months old,n=29 Trial 1;n=20 Trial 2)to determine the anti-parasitic bioactivity of whole plant and leaf only sericea lespedeza(SL;Lespedeza cuneata)fed as a ground meal or in pelleted form.In Trial 1,goats were fed SL leaf only pellets,SL whole plant pellets,or a commercial goat pellet as 50%of a complete ration,while in Trial 2,kids were fed either ground SL leaf meal or ground whole plant SL meal as 25%of a complete ration.Fecal samples were collected weekly for determination of gastrointestinal nematode(GIN)fecal egg counts(FEC)and coccidia fecal oocyst counts(FOC).In Trial 1,both of the pelleted SL rations reduced FEC(p<0.06)relative to the kids fed the control ration,and for FOC,there were lower values on Days 7 to 42 relative to Day 0 for goats on either pelleted SL diet,while FOC for control animals did not change over time(interaction,p<0.01).In Trial 2,both ground whole plant and leaf only SL diets reduced(p<0.05)FEC of the goats over time,but the effect was faster in the kids on the SL leaf meal ration.At 50%of the diet,SL leaf and whole plant meal pellets were equally effective against GIN egg and coccidial oocyst production in young kids,but SL leaf meal was more effective in reducing GIN egg production than whole plant SL meal when fed at 25%of the diet.
文摘Feeding pelleted sericea lespedeza （SL; Lespedeza cuneata） on pasture can reduce gastrointestinal nematode （GIN） and coccidia （Eimeria spp.） infection in sheep and goats, but effects on nutritional status are unclear. Therefore, a study was completed comparing yearling goats grazing grass pasture supplemented with SL or non-condensed tannins （CT） commercial pellets （control group）, respectively, at 1.5% of body weight for 14 weeks, and then after 14 weeks, they were only fed with non-CT pellets at 2.5% of body weight for additional six weeks. Animal body weight was measured at the start of the trial, the 7th week, 14th week and end of the trial. Fecal samples were taken weekly to determine GIN egg output （fecal egg count; FEC） and coccidial oocyst production （fecal oocyst count; FOC）. Blood samples （to determine packed cell volume; PCV） were taken weekly to monitor anemia status of the goats, and on days 0, 98 and 137 to determine aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and creatine kinase （CK）. The study revealed that supplemental SL leaf meal pellets had no effect on FEC, but reduced FOC （P 〈 0.05） and improved FAMACHA~ scores （P 〈 0.001） in the goats, and the SL supplemented goats tended to gain more weight （P = 0.07） than control animals during the first 49 d, following initiation of pellet feeding. There were no treatment effects on enzymes related to liver function or muscle turnover （AST, ALT and CK）, suggesting that there was no muscle damage due to long-term feeding of SL pellets. In conclusion, feeding supplemental SL pellets at 1.5% of body weight on pasture may be a viable strategy for improving health and productivity of yearling goats.
文摘Sericea lespedeza （Lespedeza cuneata （Dum. Cours.） G. Don.） has historically been called ＂poor man＇s alfalfa＂, because of its ability to grow on marginal soil with the minimal inputs of lime or fertilizer. With recent research detailing the potential health benefits of this forage to animals, it may be time for a new nickname. Although sericea lespedeza has been used for soil conservation and as an inexpensive （low-input） source of pasture or hay crop for nearly 100 years, research over the last 10-15 years has demonstrated the excellent bioactivity of this plant against infection with gastrointestinal nematodes （Haemonchus contortus） and protozoan parasites （Eimeria spp.） in livestock. This bioactivity, which has been attributed to a unique type of condensed tannins （CT）, has been confirmed in both fresh （grazed） and dried （hay, meal, pellets） forms of sericea lespedeza in a number of studies with sheep, goats, and cattle. There is on-going research with this forage to determine the effect of ensiling on its bioactive properties and to validate its anti-parasitic effects on-farm. Future research will focus on determining the mode of action of sericea lespedeza tannins against internal parasites and the interplay between the nutritional value and the health benefits of this plant.
文摘In this investigation,fresh sericea lespedeza(SL;Lespedeza cuneata)and alfalfa(Medicago sativa)were cut in the field,frozen,chopped and mixed into ratios of 100:0,75:25,50:50,25:75 and 0:100,respectively,with each treatment combination packed into 12 mini-silos and sealed to be air-tight.Three mini-silos per treatment were opened after 1,7,21 and 84 d of ensiling and analyzed for pH,neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF),and acid detergent lignin(ADL),unbound and bound condensed tannins(CT),nitrogen(N),nitrate N(NO3-N),and ammonia N(NH4+N)content.All of the forage combinations ensiled well,with a rapid drop in pH(below 5.0 by Day 7).Fiber concentrations(NDF,ADF,ADL)were greater in 75% and 100% SL silages than in 0%,25% and 50% SL samples by Day 84 of the study,possibly due to interference of CT in the detergent analysis system.Concentrations of N,NO3-N and NH4+N were decreased in silages as percentage SL in the mixture increased,while unbound,bound and total CT increased as percentage SL increased.In this study,there was reduced proteolysis during ensiling of combinations of SL and alfalfa,as indicated by reduced NO3-N and NH4+N production as percentage SL in the silage mixtures increased.
文摘This study examines a management strategy for restoring grassland and prairie communities that have become degraded due to high density stands of invasive nitrogen-fixing plants. The novel management applications minimize the use of herbicides and maximize the competitive interactions of native species. The management method includes two seasons of application of organic fertilizer （4-1-4）, an initial herbicide （Pasture Gard, Dow Agro） application, and mowing, where mowing was a necessary treatment to control secondary growth in prairie habitats, to control high density patches of Lespedeza （L.） Cuneata, in a completely randomized factorial experiment. The herbicide was effective in reducing L. Cuneate stem density 0 stems/m^2 from an initial 88 stems/m^2 with cover reduced to 0% from 16%. The fertilizer only treatment reduced L. Cuneata percent cover to 6% from initial cover of 16%, but did not reduce the number of stems. The management strategy is an effective fast step in restoring a native prairie invaded by a nitrogen-fixing plant.
基金supported by the National Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs of China under the Grant No.2006BAD09B06 and 2006BAD03A0308the"948"program of Ministry of Water Resources of P.R.China under Grant No.200207
文摘Ultra-drying(in a desiccator with silica gel)and accelerated aging(50 oC,30 d)of Lespedeza bicolor seeds from the arid and semiarid areas of northwest China were studied.The results showed that in the moisture content of seed(43?70 g/kg),germination percentage and vigor indices had no significant differences;ultra-dried seeds had a stronger anti-aging ability than those with natural drying,and the best MC for the storage was 43 g/kg.Therefore,it was feasible to store L.bicolor seeds with ultra-dried moisture content.
基金financially supported by the National Mega-project for Innovative Drugs(No.2012ZX09301002-002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81560632 and 81202546)
文摘Two new phenylpropanoid glycosides named cuneataside E (1) and cuneataside F (2), were isolated from the aerial parts of Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don, whose structures were E and Z isomer, respectively. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR). In in vitro bioassays at 10 mu mol/L, compound 1 showed moderate hepatoprotective activity against N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP)-induced toxicity in HeG2 cells. (C) 2016 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND
